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Tutorial Problems Integral Approach and Bernoulli Equation

This document contains 8 tutorial problems related to integral momentum balance and Bernoulli's equation. The problems involve calculating things like forces, pressures, velocities, and flow rates in pipe systems with bends, reducers, spray heads, and other components where fluid flow and pressure changes occur. The problems provide diagrams and key information about the pipe dimensions, fluid properties, inlet/outlet conditions, and other relevant details needed to set up and solve the problems.

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elizaroy
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51 views2 pages

Tutorial Problems Integral Approach and Bernoulli Equation

This document contains 8 tutorial problems related to integral momentum balance and Bernoulli's equation. The problems involve calculating things like forces, pressures, velocities, and flow rates in pipe systems with bends, reducers, spray heads, and other components where fluid flow and pressure changes occur. The problems provide diagrams and key information about the pipe dimensions, fluid properties, inlet/outlet conditions, and other relevant details needed to set up and solve the problems.

Uploaded by

elizaroy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial Problems on Integral Momentum Balance and Bernoulli Equation

Y
1. The diameter of a pipe bend is 30 cm at inlet and 15 cm at outlet
and the flow is turned through 1200 in a vertical plane. The axis V1
P1
Z1 X
o
at inlet is horizontal and the centre of the outlet section is 1.5 m 120

below the centre of the inlet section. Total volume of water in 1

the bend is 0.9 m3. Neglecting friction, calculate the magnitude


and direction of the force exerted in the bend by water flowing
through it at 250 L/s and when the inlet pressure is 0.15 N/mm2 Z2
(Note that the pressure at the inlet is absolute pressure and the 2

outlet is not open to the atmosphere). V2 , P2

2. The figure represents flow of gasoline (of specific gravity equal to


0.72) through a reducer of weight 25 kg and total volume equal to
0.2 m 3. The velocity at the inlet od diameter equal to 0.4 m is 3 m/s
and at the outlet is 12 m/s. The pressure at the inlet is 58.7 kPa
(gage) and at the outlet is 109 kPa (absolute). Calculate the force
needed to hold the reducer in place.
1 2

3. A conical spray head is shown in the figure. The fluid is water and
the exit stream is uniform along the entire inner surface of the
spray head. Evaluate (a) the thickness of the water film along the
spray head, when the radius of the spray head is 400 mm, and (b)
the axial force exerted by the spray head on the connecting supply
pipe.

4. A horizontal, axi-symmetric jet of air (ρ = 1.23 Kg/m3) with a


diameter of 10 mm strikes the centre of a vertical disk of 200
mm diameter. The jet speed is 50 m/s at the nozzle exit. There
is a small hole at the centre of the disk, where the air jet
strikes and a manometer with a manometric liquid of specific
gravity equal to 1.75. Calculate (i) the deflection, h, of the
manometer and (ii) the force exerted by the jet on the disk.
5. For the pumping set-up shown, estimate the power required and the Elevation: 110 m
C
pressure at the suction side of the pump to pump water from A to
C at a rate of 0.02 m3/s. Assume there are no bends in the pipeline.
You can take the atmospheric pressure head to be equal to 10.0 m.
The specifications of the pipes are as follows: P Elevation: 100 m
Pipe Diameter length f
AP 15 cm 20m 0.02 A
Elevation: 95 m

PC 12 cm 300 m 0.02

6. Water (kinematic viscosity = 1.0 x 10 – 6 m2/s) is pumped from a reservoir at the rate of
1310 L/s and is being sent to another large tank. The path of water through the pipe is
marked as BCFG with the pump being
located between C and F. From B to C, the
system consists of a square-edged
entrance, 760 m of pipe, three gate valves,
four 45o elbows (Le/D = 20) and two 90o
elbows. Gage pressure at C is 197 kPa. The
system between F and G contains 760 m of
pipe, two gate valves (Le/D = 8) and four
90o elbows (Le/D = 30). All the pipes are made of cast iron (ε = 0.26 mm) and of 508
mm diameter. Calculate the average velocity of water in the pipe, the gage pressure at F,
the power input to the pump (of efficiency 80%) and the wall shear stress in section FG.

7. The adjoining figure shows two reservoirs containing water connected by a constant area,
galvanized iron pipe (cannot be assumed
as a smooth pipe) that has one right angle
bend. The surface pressure at the upper
reservoir (1 in figure) is atmospheric
whereas the pressure (absolute) at the
lower reservoir (s in figure) surface is
171.3 KPa. The pipe diameter is 75 mm.
Assume that the only significant losses
occur in the pipe and the bend. Determine
the direction and magnitude of the volume flow rate of water (ρ = 999 kg/m3, kinematic
viscosity = 1.1 x 10 – 6 m2/s ). Take Le/D for the bend to be equal to 12.

8. In the given figure, pipe AB is 600 m long, of 180 mm


diameter, with f = 0.035; pipe BC (upper) is 500 m long, of 120
mm diameter, with f = 0.025; pipe BC (lower) is 400 m long, of
160 mm diameter, with f = 0.030. The elevations are: reservoir
water surface = 150 m, A = 100m, B = 60m, C = 50 m, D = 20
m. Neglecting velocity heads and minor losses (a) compute the
flow in each pipe and (b) determine the pressures at B and C.
Comment on the practicality of this system.

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