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ITEC18: Introduction To Programming

This document introduces programming and the programming process. It defines a program as a set of step-by-step instructions that directs the computer to perform tasks. The programming process involves defining the problem, planning the solution, coding the program, testing it, and documenting it. It also discusses programming languages, algorithms, and how programmers convert problems into computer instructions to create and test programs.

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62 views2 pages

ITEC18: Introduction To Programming

This document introduces programming and the programming process. It defines a program as a set of step-by-step instructions that directs the computer to perform tasks. The programming process involves defining the problem, planning the solution, coding the program, testing it, and documenting it. It also discusses programming languages, algorithms, and how programmers convert problems into computer instructions to create and test programs.

Uploaded by

Russel Cuaresma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ITEC18

Lecture 1

Introduction to Programming
Definition of Program
• Set of step-by-step instruction that directs the computer to do the task you want it to do and produce the
result wanted.
Definition of programming language
• Set of rules that provide a way of telling the computer what to perform.
• Set of commands that formulated by the user and executed by the computer
Programming – the task of creating a software
Why programming?
1. It helps us understand more the computer which is considered as a computer tool.
2. Let’s you find out quickly whether you like programming or not and whether you have analytical turn of
mind that the programmer needs.
What do programmers do?
✓ Makes / execute program.
✓ Covert problems and solution to computer instruction.
✓ Prepare instruction of program, runs, tests and debug the program.
✓ Write a report in the program.
✓ Perform changers on programs because of a new requirement.

Programming Process
• Defining the problem
- determine the problems the program must meet
o Input – data / requirements that are inputted
o Process – the operations
o Output – shows the result

• Planning the solution


- selects the best method for solving the problem
o Algorithm / Pseudocode
o Flowchart

• Coding the program


- Prepare the set of instructions for the computer to execute

Requirements in coding
1. Correct use of language.
2. Coded program must be keyed in a form that the computer can understand.
Ex. of programming languages – BASIC, COBOL, Pascal, FORTRAN and C language

• Testing the program


- perform debugging and testing the program using representative input data

Methods
1. Disk Checking – proofreading.
2. Translating – translate a coded program to be understood by the computer thru the use of a
translator.
Two types of translator
➢ Interpreter – translate the program one at a time.
➢ Complier – translate the entire program at one time giving you the syntax error message.

3. Debugging – directs, locates and corrects bugs by running the program.


Bugs – errors in program
2 types of bugs
➢ Syntax error – errors in spelling or grammar
➢ Semantics error – logical error, incorrect solution
Signs of semantically wrong statement
o Incorrect results are displayed
o Confusing or garbled output
o Program hangs
o Run time errors are displayed and program terminates

• Documenting the program


- write up the full specifications for other program users.
- used to make programs readable by other programmers.

Documentation – description of the program cycle and specifies the acts about the program.
Comment – an important part of program documentation.

Algorithm
– procedure, recipe of a program, a finite set of instruction.
Properties of algorithm
An algorithm must be
✓ Complete – such that all necessary information contained on it.
✓ Unambiguous – precisely defined / clear.
✓ Terminate on a finite number of operations.
Presentation of algorithm
✓ Pseudocode – textual representation, English like.
✓ Flowchart – graphical representations.

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