“ASEAN Power Updates 2021” provides a comprehensive overview of the electricity

and renewables situation in ASEAN.

The data were collected from various reliable sources: official reports from the
governments, private sectors and international organisations. They are all available at
ASEAN Energy Database System (AEDS).

Contact: [email protected]

September 2021

ASEAN Power Updates I September 2021 I ACE. All rights reserved. 2

In 2020, AMS had 285 GW of installed power capacity in total
❖ Indonesia, Vietnam, and Thailand accounted for around 2/3 of the total capacity.
❖ Coal, gas, and hydro contributed more than 80%.

ASEAN Installed Power Capacity by country in 2020

Brunei Darussalam, 0.3% Malaysia, 12.1% Philippines, 9.2%

Indonesia, 24.9% Thailand, 17.3% Vietnam, 24.1%

Cambodia, 1.0% Lao PDR, 4.2% Myanmar, 2.4% Singapore, 4.4%

ASEAN Installed Power Capacity by source in 2020 Others, 0.1%

Geothermal, 1.4% Wind, 0.9%

Coal, 31.4% Gas, 30.9% Hydro, 20.9%

Oil, 4.2% Solar, 8.0% Bioenergy, 2.1%

ASEAN Power Updates I September 2021 I ACE. All rights reserved. 3

Approximately 22 GW of capacity was added in 2020
❖ About 82% of the ASEAN new capacity in 2020 was renewable (a notable new trend).
❖ Lao PDR created new hydro capacity, while Vietnam significantly increased its solar capacity.

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Power projects took off in 2020, setting various records
❖ Solar projects dominated, continuously breaking new capacity records, while most of the fossil fuels power plants
were in the completion stages of long-planned projects.

Top 10 ASEAN Power Project Completions in 2020

Coal-Fired Power Plant, 2 x 1,000 MW, Serang (Indonesia)

Solar Power Farm, 450 MW, Thuan Nam (Vietnam)

ASEAN's largest solar farm
Gas Combined Cycle, 300 MW, Muara Karang (Indonesia)

Hydro Power Plant, 260 MW, Don Sahong (Lao PDR)

Coal-Fired Power Plant, 200 MW, Bengkulu (Indonesia)

Malaysia’s largest floating
Solar Power Farm, 35 MWp, Ninh Thuan (Vietnam)
solar power plant
Solar Power Station, 30 MW, Banteay Meanchey (Cambodia)

Floating Solar, 13 MW, Dengkil Selangor (Malaysia) Thailand’s largest floating

solar power plant
Floating Solar, 12.5 MW, Ubon, Ratchathani (Thailand)

Solar Rooftop, 3 MW, Penang (Malaysia)

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000

MW

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RE share was 33.5% in 2020, only 1.5% gap from 2025 target
❖ Most of the increase in RE has been in hydro and bioenergy; solar and wind began to increase sharply in 2015.
❖ Despite different RE potential among the AMS, all their shares of RE increased.

ASEAN Installed Power Capacity, 2005 to 2020 RE share in AMS’ Installed Power Capacity in 2020
300 33.5% 40%
29.4%
35% Lao PDR To achieve aspirational target for
250 26.4%
83.4% increasing the share of RE in
Installed Power Capacity - GW

30% installed power capacity to 35%

200 by 2025
25%

RE share - %
19.1% 19.8% Vietnam
150 20% 55.8%
Cambodia
54.8% Myanmar
15%
100 49.4%
Thailand
10% 29.6% Philippines
50 ASEAN 29.1%
5% Malaysia
33.5%
24.6%
0 0% Indonesia
14.7%
Singapore
4.3%
Coal Oil Gas Hydro Brunei
Geothermal Solar Wind Bioenergy Darussalam
0.2%
Others RE Share

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Solar and wind become the core of more RE development
❖ While the installed fossil fuel capacity and renewables capacity were comparable in the past, the AMS are now
looking more towards RE.
❖ Vietnam's solar power greatly expands, and Thailand's and the Philippines' wind power climbs.
Total Additional ASEAN Installed Power Additional ASEAN Installed Additional ASEAN Installed
Capacity, 2016 to 2020 Solar Capacity by country, Wind Capacity by country,
25,000 2016 to 2020 2016 to 2020
12,000 1,400
Fossil Fuels Renewables

20,000 10,000 1,200

18,288
1,000
8,000
15,000 800
13,087 12,900

MW

MW
6,000
MW

600
10,000 9,114
4,000
7,787 400
7,259

4,701 2,000 200

5,000 4,061 4,184 4,008

0 0
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
-
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
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Eager for energy transition, AMS continue to install RE
❖ More than 60% of the newly installed capacity up to 2025 will be coming from renewables.
❖ This will mean a 37.6% share of RE in 2025, which is 2.6 units above the regional target.

Fuel share in 2025

Renewables,
37.6%

Fossil fuels,
62.4%

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Crucial to formulate the correct policies!
❖ Compilation of policies to support development of the power sector, including renewables, fossil fuel generation,
and economic support to the electricity sector amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

Electricity tariff relief

Renewable energy Fossil fuels
due to pandemic
ASEAN

Public investment,

Coal moratoriums
Electricity targets

quota obligation/

Clean Coal Tech.

capital subsidies
Electric utility/

Member

Tradable RECs

Carbon pricing
production tax

Tax incentives
Net metering/
FiT/ premium

infrastructure)
Investment or
Reductions in
sales, energy,
CO2, VAT, or

loans, grants,

Promotion of
Coal subsidy

Commercial

(agriculture,
other taxes

Residential
Production
States

Tendering

Coal taxes

Utilisation
or rebates

Soft loans
payments

Industrial
payment

removal

Others
credits

health
billing
RPS

Brunei • • • • •
Darussalam
Cambodia • • • • • • •
Indonesia • • • • • • • • • •
Lao PDR • • •
Malaysia • • • • • • • • • • • •
Myanmar • • • • • •
Philippines • • • • • • •
Singapore • • • • •
Thailand • • • • • • • • • •
Vietnam • • • • • • • •

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COVID-19 impacts on the power sector
❖ Throughout 2020, the renewables sector struggled alongside almost all other economic sectors.
❖ The decline in electricity demand led to a sales drop among the ASEAN region’s utility providers; they faced a real
struggle in coping with the impacts of the pandemic.

• Many power projects were halted due to COVID-19;

Power Projects namely in Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Philippines,
halted and Vietnam. This will cause the capacity additions to
fall behind schedule in the coming years.

Power Plant • The prolonged effects of the pandemic have caused a

Operations drop in revenues at the operating power plants,
interrupted especially at the peak load generation plants.

Power Demand • COVID-19 disrupted the power demand projections.

decreased Hence, the utilities will need to adjust their business
plans.

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Annex 1:
ASEAN Key Indicators in 2020: Social, Economic, and Energy

ASEAN Member GDP Population Installed Power RE share in installed

States (billion, current US$) (million) Capacity (MW) power capacity (%)
Brunei Darussalam 12.02 0.44 893.63 0.2%
Cambodia 25.29 16.72 2,916.02 54.8%
Indonesia 1,058.42 273.52 71,017.00 14.8%
Lao PDR 19.14 7.28 11,950.00 83.4%
Myanmar 76.19 54.41 34,379.30 24.6%
Malaysia 336.66 32.37 6,891.00 49.4%
Philippines 361.49 109.58 26,286.00 29.1%
Singapore 340.00 5.69 12,582.20 4.3%
Thailand 501.79 69.80 49,385.00 30.3%
Vietnam 271.16 97.34 68,789.00 55.8%
ASEAN 3,002.16 667.14 285,089.15 33.5%

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Annex 2:
ASEAN Installed Power Capacity, 2020 by source

ASEAN Member Source MW %

States Coal Oil Gas Hydro Geothermal Solar Wind Bioenergy Others Total RE Share
Brunei 0 15 877 0 0 2 0 0 0 894 0.2%
Darussalam
Cambodia 675 644 0 1,330 0 237 0 31 0 2,916 54.8%
Indonesia 35,220 4,781 20,537 6,121 2,131 154 154 1,904 16 71,017 14.8%
Lao PDR 1,978 0 0 9,972 0 0 0 0 0 11,950 83.4%
Malaysia 12,846 148 12,919 6,200 0 1,549 0 717 0 34,379 24.6%
Myanmar 120 25 3,341 3,225 0 180 0 0 0 6,891 49.4%
Philippines 10,944 4,237 3,453 3,779 1,928 1,019 443 483 0 26,286 29.1%
Singapore 0 0 12,035 0 0 290 0 257 0 12,582 4.3%
Thailand 6,114 369 27,920 8,050 0 2,856 1,486 2,213 377 49,385 30.3%
Vietnam 21,554 1,706 7,152 20,774 0 16,656 582 365 0 68,789 55.8%
ASEAN 89,451 11,925 88,234 59,451 4,059 22,942 2,665 5,969 393 285,089 33.5%

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 Annex 3:
ASEAN Installed Power Capacity, 2005 to 2025 by source

Source 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025 (Planned)

Coal 22,329 35,593 61,600 89,451 109,692
Oil 14,406 13,453 13,505 11,925 5,362
Gas 52,067 66,636 76,033 88,234 93,545
Hydro 17,256 24,912 41,390 59,451 60,935
Geothermal 2,829 3,156 3,357 4,059 8,113
Solar 1 34 1,894 22,942 29,681
Wind 25 37 708 2,665 15,119
Bioenergy 820 363 6,837 5,969 7,945
Others - - - 393 3,925
Total 109,733 144,184 205,324 285,089 334,315
RE share 19.1% 19.8% 26.4% 33.5% 37.6%

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 Annex 4:
AMS’ Renewable Energy Targets
❖ ASEAN Plan of Action for Energy Cooperation (APAEC) 2016-2025 Phase 2: 2021-2025: To achieve aspirational target for increasing the share of
renewable energy to 23% by 2025 in the ASEAN energy mix, including through increasing the share of RE in installed power capacity to 35% by 2025.

ASEAN Member RE share in installed RE Target

States power capacity (%)
Brunei Darussalam 0.2% 10% of RE in power generation mix by 2035.
Cambodia 54.8% 55% of hydro and 10% of other RE in power generation mix by 2030.
Indonesia 14.8% 23% of RE in Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) by 2025, 31% by 2050.
Lao PDR 83.4% 30% of RE in Total Final Energy Consumption (TFEC) by 2025, including 20% output by
RE (excluding large hydropower).
Malaysia 24.6% 31% of RE in installed capacity by 2025.
Myanmar 49.4% 20% of RE in installed capacity by 2025 (excluding large scale hydropower).
Philippines 29.1% RE in installed capacity to reach 15.3GW in 2030 and 20GW in 2040.
Singapore 4.3% Achieve the solar energy target of 1.5GWp in 2025 and 2GWp in 2030.
Thailand 30.3% 30.18% of RE in Total Final Energy Consumption (TFEC) in 2037.
Vietnam 55.8% 15-20% of RE share in Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) by 2030, 25-30% by 2050.
ASEAN 33.5% 35% of RE in installed power capacity by 2025.

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Note and Data Sources Acknowledgment
• Data sources include data and information available from the ASEAN ▪ This publication is for reference only. All graphs and charts presented in
Energy Database System (AEDS), official submissions by ASEAN Member this report are based on data sources. It is noted that the data sets may not
States and Heads of ASEAN Power Utilities/Authorities (HAPUA) Member be complete for all countries. We therefore showed only complete data
States, and various available public sources. sets for selected countries. ACE cannot confirm the methodologies of
• GDP and population data are from World Bank third-party data sources.
https://data.worldbank.org/, accessed on 6 September 2021.
▪ This publication was prepared by Akbar Dwi Wahyono, Gabriella Ienanto,
• References for data projections are based on the national power and Beni Suryadi from the Power, Fossil Fuel, Alternative Energy and
development plans: Storage (PFS) Department.
• Brunei Darussalam: Input by DES
▪ ACE colleagues Dr. Akbar Swandaru, Dr. Zulfikar Yurnaidi, Monika
• Cambodia: PDP by EDC 2015 Merdekawati, Silvira Ayu Rosalia, and Dynta Trishana Munardy provided
• Indonesia: PDP 2019-2028 helpful review and support.
• Lao PDR: PDP 2016-2030
▪ Review and inputs were also provided by the ASEAN Member States,
• Malaysia: Input by TNB HAPUA Secretariat, and HAPUA Member States.
• Myanmar: EMP 2015
▪ Design and publication were supported by the ASEAN Climate Change
• Philippines: PDP 2016-2040 and Energy Project (ACCEPT).
• Singapore: SEMO 2020
• Thailand : PDP 2018 rev.1 ▪ Cover photo is Copyright of the Director General of Electricity, Ministry of
Energy and Mineral Resources, Indonesia.
• Vietnam: Draft PDP8
Contact: [email protected].
• Renewable energy covers all sources of renewables, including hydro
power of all sizes, but excluding traditional biomass. Bioenergy includes Version: Revised on 27 September 2021.
biomass and biogas. “RE Others” includes municipal solid waste and
ocean energy (wave, tidal, etc.), if any.
• “Energy Mix” is based on the Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES).
• Policy Table (Slide 9): The measure of soft loans for renewable energy in
Thailand is valid for only 2019 to 2020.

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