Netwrking Assingment April 2011 5 Semester: Computer Networking or Data Communications (Datacom) Is The

NETWRKING ASSINGMENT APRIL 2011
5TH SEMESTER
In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of
sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software.
Computer networking or Data communications(Datacom) is the engineering discipline concerned with

the communication between computer systemsor devices. A computer network is any set of computers or
devices connected to each other with the ability to exchange data.[1] Computer networking is sometimes
considered a sub-discipline oftelecommunications, computer science, information
technology and/or computer engineering since it relies heavily upon the theoretical and practical
application of these scientific and engineering disciplines. The three types of networks are: the Internet,
the intranet, and the extranet.
The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet

Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is anetwork of networks
An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to securely share any

part of an organization's information or network operating system within that organization. The term is
used in contrast to internet, a network between organizations, and instead refers to a network within an
organization.
An extranet is a computer network that allows controlled access from the outside, for specific business or
educational purposes. An extranet can be viewed as an extension of a company's intranetthat is extended
to users outside the company, usually partners, vendors, and suppliers.
A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that connects computers and devices in a limited
geographical area such as home, school, computer laboratory or office building.
A wide area network (WAN) is a computer network that covers a broad area (i.e., any network whose
communications links cross metropolitan, regional, or national boundaries).[1] This is in contrast
with personal area networks (PANs), local area networks(LANs), campus area networks (CANs),
or metropolitan area networks (MANs) which are usually limited to a room, building, campus or specific
metropolitan area
A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus.
Wireless network refers to any type of computer network that is not connected by cables of any kind. It is
a method by which telecommunications networks and enterprise (business), installations avoid the costly
process of introducing cables into to a building, or as a connection between various equipment locations.
[1]
Wireless telecommunications networks are generally implemented and administered using a
transmission system called radio waves. This implementation takes place at the physical level, (layer), of
the network structure.[2]
Network Design
Computer networks also differ in their design. The two types of high-level network design are calledclient-server and peer-to-
peer. Client-server networks feature centralized server computers that store email, Web pages, files and or applications. On a
peer-to-peer network, conversely, all computers tend to support the same functions. Client-server networks are much more
common in business and peer-to-peer networks much more common in homes.
All networks are interconnected to allow communication with a variety of different kinds of media,
including twisted-pair copper wire cable, coaxial cable, optical fiber, power lines and various wireless
technologies.[
Twisted pair cabling is a type of wiring in which two conductors (the forward and return conductors of a
singlecircuit) are twisted together for the purposes of canceling out electromagnetic interference (
Coaxial cable, or coax, is an electrical cable with an inner conductor surrounded by a flexible, tubular
insulating layer, surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.
Fiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by
sending pulses oflight through an optical fiber.
A network topology represents its layout or structure from the point of view of data flow. In so-called bus networks, for example,
all of the computers share and communicate across one common conduit, whereas in a star network, all data flows through one
centralized device. Common types of network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh.
PROTOCOL:
In networking, the communication language used by computer devices is called theprotocol. Yet another way to classify
computer networks is by the set of protocols they support. Networks often implement multiple protocols to support specific
applications. Popular protocols include TCP/IP, the most common protocol found on the Internet and in home networks.
Definition: A network protocol defines rules and conventions for communication between network devices. Protocols for
computer networking all generally use packet switchingtechniques to send and receive messages in the form of packets.
Answer: Packet switching is the approach used by some computer network protocols to deliver data across a local or long
distance connection. Examples of packet switching protocols are Frame Relay, IP and X.25.
Definition: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are two distinct network protocols, technically
speaking. TCP and IP are so commonly used together, however, that TCP/IP has become standard terminology to refer to either
or both of the protocols.
IP corresponds to the Network layer (Layer 3) in the OSI model, whereas TCP corresponds to the Transport layer (Layer 4) in
OSI. In other words, the term TCP/IP refers to network communications where the TCP transport is used to deliver data across IP
networks.
Definition: Ethernet is a physical and data link layer technology for local area networks (LANs). Ethernet was invented by
engineer Robert Metcalfe.
Internet Protocol address) A number assigned to each computer's or other device's network
interface(s) which are active on a network supporting the Internet Protocol, in order to
distinguish each network interface .
GATEWAY:
Gateway is a phrase used by webmasters and search engine optimizers to describe a webpagedesigned

to attract visitors and search engines to a particular website. A typical gateway page is small, simple and
highly optimized. Its primary goal is to attract visitors searching for relevant key words or phrases, and
provide hyperlinks to pages within the website.
In computer science, in particular networking, a session is a semi-permanent interactive information

interchange, also known as a dialogue, a conversation or a meeting, between two or more communicating
devices, or between a computer and user (see Login session). A session is set up or established at a
certain point in time, and torn down at a later point in time. An established communication session may
involve more than one message in each direction. A session is typically, but not always, stateful, meaning
that at least one of the communicating parts needs to save information about the session history in order
to be able to communicate, as opposed to statelesscommunication, where the communication consists of
independent requests with responses.
A router is a device that forwards data packets acrosscomputer networks. Routers perform the data
"traffic directing" functions on the Internet. A router is amicroprocessor-controlled device that is connected
to two or more data lines from different networks.
In computer networking a routing table, or Routing Information Base (RIB), is a data structure in the
form of a table-like object stored in a router or a networked computer that lists the routes to particular
network destinations, and in some cases, metrics associated with those routes. The routing table contains
information about the topology of the network immediately around it. The construction of routing tables is
the primary goal of routing protocols. Static routes are entries made in a routing table by non-automatic
means and which are fixed rather than being the result of some network topology 'discovery' procedure.

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NETWRKING ASSINGMENT APRIL 2011

Computer networking or Data communications(Datacom) is the engineering discipline concerned with

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet

An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet Protocol technology to securely share any

Gateway is a phrase used by webmasters and search engine optimizers to describe a webpagedesigned

In computer science, in particular networking, a session is a semi-permanent interactive information

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