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SUBJECT$AREA$I
Mathematics,$Surveying$ and$Transportation$ Engineering

Al ge b r a
Topic$1:
BINOMIAL$
EXPANSION
PASCAL TRIANGLE
 rthTERM

r term = n Cr−1 x
th n−r+1 r−1
y
PROBLEM 1:
Find&the&3rd term&&of&the&expansion

( x + y) 4
PROBLEM 2:
Find&the&6th term&&of&the&expansion

( 2x − 3y ) 8
ADVANCED$BINOMIAL$EXPANSION

• Negative&exponents
• Fractional&exponents

Use$Maclaurin’s$Series!!!!!
PROBLEM 3:
Find&the&3rd term&&of&the&expansion

1
( x + y) 2
PROBLEM 4 :
Find&the&exponent&of&the&“y”&variable&of&the&3rd term&&of&the&
expansion
−3
⎛ 1
⎞ 4

⎜⎝ 2 − 3x y ⎟⎠
2 3
Topic$2:
SUM$ OF$
COEFFICIENTS
SUM$OF$COEFFICIENTS

*Substitute&1&to&variables
*If&one&of&the&terms&is&a&constant,&subtract&the&
constant&raised&to&the&exponent&“n”&to&the&initial&
value.
PROBLEM 5 :
Find&the&sum&of&coefficients&of&the&expansion

( x + y) 3
PROBLEM 6 :
Find&the&sum&of&coefficients&of&the&expansion

( x + 1) 3
PROBLEM 7 :
Find&the&sum&of&coefficients&of&the&expansion

( 2x − 3y ) 35
PROBLEM 8 :
Find&the&sum&of&coefficients&of&the&expansion

( 2 − 3y ) 35
Topic$3:
SUM$ OF$ EXPONENTS
What$we$usually$see$in$the$review$books…

SOE = n ( n + 1)
PROBLEM 9 :
Find&the&sum&of&exponents&of&the&expansion

( x + y) 3
PROBLEM 9-A:
Find&the&sum&of&exponents&of&the&expansion

(x 2
+y )
2 2
Actual$Equation:

⎛ h+ k⎞
SOE = n ( n + 1) ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
Topic$4:
VENN$ DIAGRAM
Venn$Diagram:
PROBLEM 10 :
In a certain group of consumers, each one may drink beer,
and/or brandy, and/or whisky or all. Also, 155 drink brandy, 173
drink beer, 153 drink whisky, 53 drink beer and brandy, 79 drink
beer and whisky, 66 drink brandy and whisky. 21 of them drink
beer, brandy and whisky. How many are there in the group?
PROBLEM 11 :
A review center gave an examination on geometry, calculus, probability and engineering economy to the
students. The results are as follows:
178 passed Engineering Economy 19 passed Calculus, Probability and Eng’g Economy
172 passed Probability 20 passed Geometry, Probability and Eng’g Eco.
177 passed Calculus 15 passed Geometry, Calculus and Eng’g Economy
161 passed Geometry 16 passed Geometry, Calculus and Probability
65 passed Probability and Engineering Economy 6 passed all subjects
63 passed Calculus and Engineering Economy
56 passed Calculus and Probability
49 passed Geometry and Engineering Economy
60 passed Geometry and Probability
51 passed Geometry and Calculus

If 93 students who did not pass in any subject, How many students does the review center have?
Topic$5:
SEQUENCE
Arithmetic$Progression

an = a1 + ( n − 1) d
Sum$of$Arithmetic$Progression$

n
S = ( a1 + an )
2

n
S = ⎡⎣ 2a1 + ( n − 1) d ⎤⎦
2
PROBLEM 12 :
Find&the&100th&term of&the&arithmetic&series:
2,5,8,11,14….
PROBLEM 13 :
Find&the&sum&of&the&first&100&terms of&the&arithmetic&series,&
2,5,8,11,14….
PROBLEM 13-B:
In&the&recent&COVID\19&in&a&local&village&in&Luzon,&6,390&
residents&were&forced&in&a&total&lockdown&to&prevent&the&
spread&of&the&virus.&The&food&provisions&distributed&by&the&
local&government&unit&will&last&216&meals&taking&3&meals&a&day.&
The&food&provision&lasted&9&more&days&because&of&daily&
deaths.&At&an&average&how&many&died&per&day?
Geometric$Progression

an = a1r n−1
 Sum$of$Geometric$Progression

1.&When&r&>&1

a1 ( r − 1)
n

S=
r −1
 Sum$of$Geometric$Progression

2.&When&r&<&1

S=
(
a1 r − 1
n
)
1− r
PROBLEM 13-C:
The&sum&of&three&numbers&in&arithmetic&progression&is&45.&If&the&
first&number&is&decreased&by&4,&the&second&number&decreased&
by&3,&and&the&third&number&increased&by&14,&the&new&numbers&
will&be&in&geometric&progression.&Find&the&fifth&term&of&the&
geometric&progression.
Sum$of$Infinite$Geometric$Progression

a1
Sum.of .IGP =
1− r
PROBLEM 13-D:
A&ball&is&dropped&from&a&height&of&48ft&and&rebounds&two\thirds&
of&the&distance&it&falls.&If&it&continues&to&fall&and&rebound&in&this&
way,&how&far&will&it&travel&before&coming&to&rest?
 Harmonic$Progression
\ a&sequence&of&numbers&in&which&their&reciprocals&forms&
an&Arithmetic&Progression

1 1 1
1, , , ....
5 9 13
PROBLEM 13-E:
If&a&carpenter&spends&P1,000&in&one&month&for&nails&costing&P200&
per&carton&and&spends&another&P1,000&a&month&later&for&the&
same&kind&of&nails&that&now&cost&P300&per&carton,&how&much&
did&he&pay&per&carton&on&the&average&for&the&nails&he&
purchased?
Topic$6:
PARTIAL$ FRACTIONS
CASE 1: Factor of the Denominator all
linear, non-repeated

3x + 32x − 51
2
A B C
= + +
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x + 3) x − 1 x − 2 x + 3
CASE 2: Factor of the Denominator all
linear, some repeated

4x 2 + 7x + 8 A B C D
= + + 2 +
x ( x + 2) + ( x + 2) ( x + 2)
3 3
x x 2
 CASE 3: Some factors of the denominator
quadratic, none repeated

x 4 − x 3 + 14x 2 − 2x + 22 A Bx + C Dx + E
= + 2 + 2
( x + 1)( x + 4 )( x − 2x + 5 ) x + 1 x + 4 x − 2x + 5
2 2
CASE 4: Some factors of the denominator
quadratic, some repeated

3x 4 − 19x 3 + 60x 2 − 91x + 64 A Bx + C Dx + E

= + 2 +
(
x x − 2x + 5
2
)
2
x (
x − 3x + 4 ) (
x 2 − 3x + 4 )
2
PROBLEM 14:
Find&the&value&of&A&and&B.

x+3 A B
= +
( x + 1)( x − 2 ) x + 1 x − 2
PROBLEM 15:
Find&the&value&of&A,&B,&C,&D&and&E.

2x 4 + 3x 3 + 7x 2 + 10x + 10 A Bx + C Dx + E
= + 2 +
( x − 1)( x ) x −1 x + 3 ( )
2 2
2
+3 x +3
2
Topic$7:
THEORY$ OF$
EQUATIONS
SOLUTION 1: Synthetic Division
 SOLUTION 2: Remainder Theorem

If a polynomial F(x) is divided by (x\r) until a remainder

which is free of x is obtained, the remainder is f(r). If f(r)=0
then (x\r) is a factor of f(x).
PROBLEM 16:
Compute&the&remainder&when

4x + 18x + 8x − 4
3 2

is&divided&by

2x + 3
Topic$8:
DESCARTES$ RULE$ OF$
SIGN
PROBLEM 17:
Find&the&number&of&positive&roots&of

x − 5x + 6 = 0
2
PROBLEM 18:
Find&the&number&of&positive&roots&of

x + 4 x + 3x − 8 = 0
3 2
PROBLEM 19: May 2009 CE Board Exam
Find&the&number&of&positive&roots&of

x −1 = 0
2n
PROBLEM 20: May 2009 CE Board Exam
Find&the&number&of&rational&roots&of

7x 7 + 5x 5 + 3x 3 + x = 0
Topic$9:
NUMBER$ OF$ DIGITS
PROBLEM 21:
Find&the&number&of&digits&of&100!
Topic$10:
CLOCK$ PROBLEMS
 Clock$Problem
• If the minute hand moves a distance of x, the hour hand moves
(x/12).
• If the second hand move a distance x, the minute\hand (x/60) and
the hour hand moves (x/720).
• In&12&hours,&the&minute\hand&and&the&hour\hand&of&the&clock&
overlap&each&other&for&11&times&(not&12&times).&So&in&one&day,&they&
will&be&together&for&22&times.
 Clock$Problem
• Each five – minute mark is subtends an angle of 30 degrees from
the center of the clock.
PROBLEM 22:
What&time&after&2PM&will&the&hands&of&the&clock&exactly&opposite?
PROBLEM 23:
What time after 2PM will the hands of the clock coincide for the
first time?
PROBLEM 24:
What time after 2PM will the hands of the clock form 90 degrees?
PROBLEM 25:
At what time after 3 o’clock will the hour and the minute hand be
80 degrees with each other for the 2nd time?
Topic$11:
AGE$ PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 26:
Coco’s Mother is 35 years old. Three years ago, she was four times
as old as Coco was then. How old is Coco?
PROBLEM 27:
The sum of the Parent’s Age is twice the sum of their children’s
ages. Five years ago, the sum of the parent’s ages is four times the
sum of their children’s ages. In fifteen years, the sum of the parents
ages will be equal to the sum of their children’s ages. How many
children were in the family?
PROBLEM 28:
Moana is twenty – four. She is twice as old as Basha when Moana
was as old as Basha is now. How old is Basha?
Topic$12:
MOTION$ PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 29:
If the speed of a racing car is increased by 20 kph, it will cover in 7
hours the same distance it can ordinarily cover in 8 hours. What is
its ordinary speed?
PROBLEM 30:
A man walks from his house to the office. If he leave at 8AM and
walk at the rate of 2 kph, he will arrive 3 minutes earlier, but if he
leave at 8:30AM and walk at 3kph, he will arrive 6 minutes late.
What time should he arrive in the office.
PROBLEM 31:
Butter and Sugar travels from point A to point B and back. Butter
starts 3 hours after Sugar started. Butter overtakes Sugar at a
point 4.20 km from B. If Butter reaches a 5hrs and 20 mins ahead
of Sugar, find the distance AB.
Topic$13:
WORK$ PROBLEM
PROBLEM 32:
A can do a piece of work alone in 30 days, B in 20 days and C in 60
days. If they work together, how many days would it take them
to finish the work?
PROBLEM 33:
A gardener can mow a lawn in 3 hours. After 2 hours, it rained and
he discontinued the work. In the afternoon, a girl completed the
rest of the work in 1 hour and 15 minutes. How long would it take
the girl to mow the lawn alone?
PROBLEM 34:
A swimming pool is filled through its inlet pipe and then emptied
through its outlet pipe in a total of 8 hours. If water enters
through its inlet and simultaneously allowed to leave through its
outlet, the pool is filled in 7 ½ hours. How long will it take to fill
the pool with the outlet closed?
PROBLEM 35:
A steelman can saw a piece of bar into 5 pieces in 16 minutes. In
how many minutes can the steelman saw the same bar into 10
pcs?
PROBLEM 36:
28 men can finish the job in 60 days at the start of the 16th day, 5
men were laid off and after the 45th day, 10 more men were hired.
How many days were they delayed in finishing the job?
Topic$14:
MIXTURE$ PROBLEMS
PROBLEM 37:
A 50 mL 40% acid solution is added to a 150 mL 30% acid solution.
What will be the concentration of the resulting mixture?
PROBLEM 38:
A 700 pound alloy containing 50% tin and 25% lead is to be added
with amounts of pure tin and pure lead to make an alloy which is
60% tin and 20% lead. Determine how much pure tin must be
added?
PROBLEM 39:
A contractor is required to secure his 200 cu.m of materials for a
subbase from three pits with the following soil analyses. From the
first pit, the analysis is comprised of 55% coarse aggregate, 35%
fine aggregate and 10% mineral filler. The second pit comprised of
65% coarse aggregate, 20% fine aggregate, and 15% mineral filler.
The third pit comprised of 10% coarse aggregate, 50% fine
aggregate and 40% mineral filler. The volumetric composition of
the combined materials as desired is set at 50% coarse aggregate,
35% fine aggregate and 15% mineral filler. How much soil must be
taken from the first pit to produce the desired mix?
Topic$15:
PROPORTION$ AND$
VARIATION
PROBLEM 40:

If x varies directly as y and inversely as z, and x=14, when y=7, and

z=2, find x when y=16 and z=4.
Questions???
References:
1. https://mathalino.com/reviewer/algebra

2. Besavilla, V.B. (1986). Engineering Mathematics. VIB Publishing

3. Esplana, D.F. (2009). Practice Problems for Civil Engineering Board Exams. CALQ Publishing

4. Gillesania, D.I.T. (2014). Civil Engineering Reference for Licensure Examination Vol. 3. Cebu
DGPrint Inc.
 Thank$You.

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