ST.

CLAIRE SCHOOL BASIC EDUCATION

Inspiring Minds, Building Leaders
26 Masbate St. Brgy. Nayong Kanluran, Quezon City

MATHEMATICS 9
FIRST QUARTER
S.Y: 2020 – 2021

LESSON 1: SOLUTION OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

I. OBJECTIVES

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:

1. Determine the number of solutions of quadratic equation;
2. Solve a quadratic equation by factoring and finding square roots;
3. Use the quadratic formula in solving a quadratic equation; and
4. Learn the use of discriminant to determine the nature of the roots of a quadratic equation
find the sum and product of the roots a quadratic function.

II. SKILLS DEVELOPMENT:

A. Read pages 22-37 (Textbook) Math for Engaged Learning 9
SOLUTIONS OF QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. Definition of Quadratic Equation – A Quadratic Equation in one variable x is an
equation which can be written in the form ax 2 +bx +c=0 where a, b and c are real
numbers and a ≠ 0.
Note that in the general form ax 2 +bx +c=0 , ax 2 is the quadratic term, bx is the linear
term, and c is the constant.
a. 3+2 x=0, the equation is at first degree so this equation is NOT quadratic but linear.
b. x 2−3 x+ 2=4 , the highest power of the variable x is 2, therefore, the equation is

quadratic. It can be written on general form, x 2−3 x−2=0 with coefficients,a=1, b=−3,
and c=−2.
c. 3 x 3+ 3 x +2=4 , the degree of the above equation is 3 so it is NOT quadratic.
d. −9 x +2 x 2 + x=4, a quadratic equation since the equation is at second degree. This can

be written in general form as 2 x2 −8 x−4=0 with a=2, b=−8, and c=−4 .

2. Solving by Factoring and Finding Square Roots – Factoring is rewriting an expression
as the product of its factors. Many quadratic trinomials can be factored into two binomial
factors. If a quadratic trinomial x 2+ bx+ c is factorable, then we can solve its quadratic

equation given the factors. Thus, if a x 2+ bx+ c=( dx +e ) ( fx + g ) =0, either ( dx +e )=0 or

( fx+ g )=0.
−e −g
Solving each of these linear equations will give us x= or x= .
d f
a. x 2+ 6 x+5=0 b. x 2−7 x+ 12=0
( x +5 ) ( x +1 )=0 ( x−3 ) ( x−4 )=0
( x +5 )=0∨( x +1 )=0 ( x−3 ) =0∨ ( x −4 )=0
x=−5∨x=−1 x=3∨x=4
Roots of x 2 +6 x+5 Roots of x 2−7 x +12=0

Checking: Checking:
Substituting x=−5 Substituting x=3
(−5 )2 +6 (−5 ) +5=0 ( 3 )2−7 ( 3 )+12=0
25+ (−30 )+5=0 9−21+12=0
30+ (−30 )=0 21−21=0
0=0 0=0
Substituting x=−1 Substituting x=4

(−1 )2 +6 (−1 ) +5=0 4 2−7 ( 4 ) +12=0

1+ (−6 )+5=0 16−28+12=0

6+ (−6 )=0 28−28=0

0=0 0=0

Solve the following quadratic equations by finding square roots.

a. 5 x 2−245=0

5 x 2=245 Adding 245 to both sides of the equation

245
x 2= Dividing both sides of the equation by 5
5
x 2=49 Simplifying
x=± 7 Finding square roots
b. 9 x 2−25=0

9 x 2=25 Adding 25 to both sides of the equation

25
x 2= Dividing both sides of the equation by 9 then simplify
9
 5
x=± Finding square roots
3
3. Solving by Completing the Square – the process of changing an equation in standard

form ax 2 +bx +c=0 to the form ( x +a)2=c is called the method of completing the square.
This is based on the relationship between the middle term and the last term of any
perfect-square trinomial.
2
b
To make x 2+ bx a perfect square, add ( ) , the square of half the coefficient of x. This gives
2
the perfect square.
2 2 2 2
b b x + 8 x+16=( x +4 )
a. x 2+ bx+( ) =(x + )
2 2
c. x 2−12 x+¿
2 2
2
b. x + 8 x+ ( 82 ) =( x+ 82 ) x 2−12 x+36=( x −6)2

Find the roots of the following equation by Completing the Square Method.
a. x 2−8 x +13=0 Given equation.

x 2−8 x=−13 Transpose 13 on the right side.

x 2−8 x +16=−13+16 Complete the square.

( x−4)2=3 Perfect square.
( x−4 )=± √ 3 Take the square root.

x=4+ √ 3 Transpose 4 on the right side.

b. 3 x 2−12 x +6=0 Given equation.

3 x 2−12 x=−6 Transpose 6 on the right side.

3(x ¿¿ 2−4 x)=−6 ¿ Find Common Factor of 3 x 2−12 x .

3 ( x 2−4 x+ 4 ) =−6+ 3(4 ) Complete the square.

3(x−2)2=6 Perfect square.

( x−2)2=2 Divide both side by 3.

( x−2 )=± √ 2 Take the square root.

x=2 ± √ 2 Transpose 2 on the right side.

4. The Quadratic Formula – A third way of solving quadratic equations is by using
quadratic formula. To derive the quadratic formula for the roots of the general equation

ax 2 +bx +c=0 , the technique of completing the square is being used.

Derivation of the Quadratic Formula
Ste Isolate the constant on ax 2 +bx +c=0
p1 the right side of the
 equation.
Divide both sides by
Ste b −c
the coefficient of x 2 x 2+ x=
p2 a a
term.
Add the square of one-
Ste 2 b b2 −c b2
half the x coefficient to x + x+ 2 = +
p3 a 4a a 4 a2
both sides.
Factor the left side as b 2 −4 ac+b 2
(x+ )=
a perfect-square 2a 4 a2
Ste
binomial. Then apply
p4
the square root b b2−4 ac

Ste
property.
Solve the resulting
x + =±
2a √ 4 a2
−b √ b2−4 ac
x= ±
p5 linear equation. 2a 2a
Ste 2
−b ± √ b −4 ac
Simplify. x=
p6 2a
Find all solutions of each equation.
1. 3 x 2−5 x−1=0 2. 4 x2 +12 x+ 9=0
In this equation, a=3 , b=−5 ,and Using quadratic formula with,
c=−1. Using the quadratic formula. a=4 , b=12 and c=9
−b ± √ b2−4 ac −b ± √ b2−4 ac
x= x=
2a 2a
2
−(−5 ) ± √(−5 ) −4 ( 3 )(−1 ) −(12)± √ (12)2−4(4)(9)
x= x=
2( 3) 2( 4)
5 ± √ 37 −12± 0
x= x=
6 8
If approximations are desired, we can This equation has only one solution
use a calculator to obtain
−3
which is x=
5+ √ 37 2
x= ≈ 1.8471
6
5− √ 37
x= ≈=−0.1805
6

5. The Discriminant of Quadratic Equation – the quantity b 2−4 ac that appears under the
square root in the quadratic formula is called the discriminant of the equation

ax 2 +bx +c=0 .
Discriminant determines the number of real solutions and is given with a symbol D. If

D<0 , then √ b2−4 ac is undefined, and the quadratic solution has no real solution. If D=0,
then the equation has only one real solution. Finally, if D>0 , then the equation has two
distinct real solutions.

Use the determinant to determine how many real solutions each equation has.
a. x 2+ 4 x−1=0
The discriminant is D=4 2−4 (1 ) (−1 )=20. Since 20>0 , therefore, the equation has two
distinct real solutions.
1 2
b. x −2 x+ 4=0
3

The discriminant is D=(−2) −4

2
( 13 ) ( 4 )= −43 . This is less than zero (0), so the equation
has no real solution.
c. 4 x2 −12 x +9=0
The discriminant is D=(−12)2−4 ( 4 )( 9 )=0. Since the D=0, the equation has exactly
one real solution.
Find the roots and discriminant of each of the following equations.
a. x 2−x−12=0

−(−1) ± √(−1)2−4 ( 1 ) (−12) 1 ± √ 49 1 ± 7

x= = =
2( 1) 2 2
1+7 1−7
x= =4∨x = =−3
2 2
Finding the discriminant
D=(−1)2−4 (1 )(−12 )=49
The Discriminant which is 49 is greater than zero and is a perfect square. The roots 4
and -3 are real and unequal.
b. x 2−6 x +9=0

−(−6)± √ (−6)2−4 ( 1 ) (9) 6 ± √ 36−36 6 ±0

x= = =
2(1) 2 2
6±0
x= =3(a double root )
2
Finding the discriminant
D=(−6)2−4 ( 1 ) (9)=0
The discriminant is zero and the quadratic equation has double root equivalent to 3.
c. x 2+ 3 x +7=0
2
−( 3 ) ± √( 3 ) −4 ( 1 ) ( 7 ) −3± √ 9−28 −3± √−19
x= = =
2( 1) 2 2
 −3 ±i √19
x=
2

Finding the discriminant

2
D= (3 ) −4 (1 )( 7 ) =−19
−3 ±i √ 19
The discriminant is -19 and is less than zero (0). The roots are non-real and
2
unequal.
6. Sum and Product of the Roots – Using the quadratic formula, the roots are

−b+ √b 2−4 ac −b−√ b2 −4 ac

x= ∧x = ,here are the sum and product of the roots of the
2a 2a
quadratic equation.

−b+ √ b2 −4 ac −b− √ b 2−4 ac −2 b −b

SUM: + = =
2a 2a 2a a
−b+ √ b2 −4 ac −b−√ b2 −4 ac
PRODUCT: ⋅ =¿ ¿
2a 2a
4 ac c
¿ =
4 a2 a
Find the sum and product of the roots of the following equations.
a. x 2−4 x+3=0
−b −−4
Sum: = =4
a 1
c 3
Product: = =3
a 1
The sum of the roots is 4 while the product of the roots is 3.
b. 6 x 2+ x−2=0
−b −1
Sum: =
a 6
c −2 −1
Product: = =
a 6 3
−1 −1
The sum of the roots is while the product of the roots is .
6 3

B. ACTIVITY 1: Answer page 37 (1-10)

See Learner’s Activity Sheet at the back for your answer.
C. ACTIVITY 2: Answer page 38 (16-20)
See Learner’s Activity Sheet at the back for your answer.
D. ACTIVITY 3: Answer page 38 (21-30)
See Learner’s Activity Sheet at the back for your answer.
 E. ACTIVITY 4: Answer page 38-39 (31-40)
See Learner’s Activity Sheet at the back for your answer.
F. ACTIVITY 5: See attached Learner’s Activity Sheet at the back.

***For inquiries please call or text 09654453337 (Mr. Kevin Espiritu)

LEARNER’S ACTIVITY SHEET
MATHEMATICS 9
FIRST QUARTER – LESSON 1

NAME: _________________________________________________________ SCORE: ___________

TEACHER: _________________________________________________________________________

ACTIVITY 1: Answer
ACTIVITY 2: Answer

ACTIVITY 3: Answer

ACTIVITY 4: Answer
ACTIVITY 5A: Find the value of the discriminant for each.
1. x 2−3 x+ 2=0 4. v 2+7 v+ 19=0

2. y 2−6 y + 9=0 5. 4 m 2−4 m+1=0

3. t 2+ t−1=0 6. 2 q2 +6 q−1=0

ACTIVITY 5B: SOLVE.

7. The sum of an integer and its square is 90. Find the number.

8. The sum of the squares of two consecutive integers is equal to 145. Find the two integers.

9. The Product of two consecutive integers is 240. Find the two integers.
10. The square of a number is 12 more than four times the number. Find the number.