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Web of Things: UNIT-4

The document discusses the Web of Things (WoT) which aims to standardize communication between IoT devices over the internet using web technologies like HTTP. It explains that currently, IoT devices from different vendors use separate protocols and apps which makes integration difficult. The WoT works to address this by enabling devices to be accessible and controllable through web standards, thereby allowing them to communicate in a vendor-neutral way like on the traditional web. It also introduces the concept of IoT gateways that allow devices to connect to the internet and web applications.

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5K views30 pages

Web of Things: UNIT-4

The document discusses the Web of Things (WoT) which aims to standardize communication between IoT devices over the internet using web technologies like HTTP. It explains that currently, IoT devices from different vendors use separate protocols and apps which makes integration difficult. The WoT works to address this by enabling devices to be accessible and controllable through web standards, thereby allowing them to communicate in a vendor-neutral way like on the traditional web. It also introduces the concept of IoT gateways that allow devices to connect to the internet and web applications.

Uploaded by

Tulip
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Web Of Things

UNIT-4
Why WoT
• To monitor blood sugar levels, I needed an IoT-enabled Continuous Glucose
Monitor (CGM) device.
• To open the front door remotely, I needed an IoT-enabled smart door lock.
• To switch on my car AC, I needed an IoT-enabled Car AC device. I could also need
an IoT gateway to integrate all my home IoT appliances.

• So, all these devices are manufactured by different vendors, adhering to


different low-level network protocols and standards.

• As a consequence of that, all these devices have separate apps, or some of them
are grouped based on vendor partnerships.

• In the end, I have to open each of those apps one by one to perform each task to
complete the workflow.

• Also I cannot have any common dashboard from where I can monitor all my
appliances, since my IoT devices are not able to communicate with each other in a
vendor neutral manner over the internet. It turns out my smartphone is not smart
enough
• Internet connectivity is a minor concern for low-level sensors or hardware devices.
Low level sensors such as temperature sensor, and motion sensor, usually transfer
data using low level protocols like Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Zigbee,
6LoWPAN, etc., which are not Internet compatible.

• Since IoT Gateways understand those low level protocols, they basically play the
role of adapters between the internet and those sensors. Protocol transformation
would also take place here.

• IoT gateways are installed inside smart homes, smart factories etc., i.e., inside
Local Area Network where no unified communication standard is available, thus,
those gateways can be used to communicate using proprietary data format over the
internet.

• To get rid of this problem, IoT needs vendor neutral standards for the internet.

• The Web of Things groups, namely the Web of Things Interest Group and the Web
of Things Working group, are trying to standardize communication protocols
between different IoT smart devices and between smart devices and cloud platforms
over the internet.
WOT
• Web of Things is a web standard of the Internet of Things to enable
communication between smart things and web-based applications.
OR
• Web of Things could be defined a set of technologies how to
access/control/management the Things by the web

• Mozilla WebThing gateway is a smart IoT gateway that can be used


to integrate smart devices in a vendor-neutral way and to provide a
web interface to monitor and control devices over the web.

• So, the Web of Things is a refinement of the Internet of Things by


integrating smart things not only into the Internet (network), but
into the Web Architecture (application).
The gateway is placed between a home network and the Internet. It manages electronic appliances inside
the house and can receive commands from a remote controller over the Internet, e.g., from a smart phone
as in the previous use case. It is also is a virtual representation of a device. The Smart Home Gateway
typically offers proxy and firewall functionality.

In this pattern, the home gateway has both a client and a server role. When the remote controller actuates
the electronic appliance, it can connect to the electronic appliance in the client role and to the remote
controller with the server role. When the electronic appliance emits a message to the remote controller,
the gateway act as server roles for the electric appliance, and it act as client roles for the remote
controller.
Smart home provides consumer benefits such as remote access and control, voice control and
home automation. Smart home also enables device manufacturers to monitor and maintain
devices remotely. Smart home can realize value added services such as energy management and
security surveillance.
Smart factories require advanced monitoring of the connected manufacturing equipment as well of the
manufactured products. They benefit from predictions of machine failures and early discovery of
anomalies to prevent costly downtime and maintenance efforts.

Additionally, monitoring of connected manufacturing equipment and the environment at the production
facility for the presence of poisonous gases, excessive noise or heat increases the safety of the workers and
reduces the risks of incidents or accidents.
Johnny would like to digitally connect the appliances in all rooms of his hotel. First, guests could
have access to a variety of services from controlling their room (lights, air conditioning,
entertainment, etc.), to booking hotel facilities, to ordering food and drinks – all of this on their
mobile phone.

Second, this system would allow Johnny to coordinate and optimize all aspects of his hotel in a
centralized and efficient manner, without having to use a variety of soloed applications and tools.
IOT
• The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of physical objects that can be
discovered, monitored, controlled or interacted with by electronic devices
which communicate over various networking interfaces, and eventually can
be connected to the wider Internet.
WoT Vs IoT
• Considered a subset of the Internet of Things (IoT), WoT focuses on
software standards and frameworks such as REST, HTTP and URIs to
create applications and services that combine and interact with a variety of
network devices.

• So, you could think of the Web of Things as everyday objects being able to
access Web services.
WoT Vs IoT
Two Pillars of Web

The protocols HTTP/HTML


and WEB browsers are
considered to be two pillars
of web
Two Pillars of Web
WoT Pillars
HTTP is a protocol which allows the fetching of resources, such as HTML
documents.

It is the foundation of any data exchange on the Web and a client-server protocol,
which means requests are initiated by the recipient, usually the Web browser.

A complete document is reconstructed from the different sub-documents fetched,


for instance text, layout description, images, videos, scripts, and more.
Architecture Standardization for WoT
• Requirement for functional architecture of WoT
• Flexibility
• There is a wide variety of Physical devices configuration for WoT
implementations.
• Functional WoT architecture should be able to be mapped to and cover all
of the variations.

• Compatibility
• Functional WoT architecture should provide bridge between IoT solutions
and Web technology based on WoT concepts.
• It should guarantee to be upper compatible to IoT solutions and current
standards.

• Security and Privacy


• Functional WoT architecture should have the room for providing security
and privacy functionalities.
• In the IoT solutions, once cyber security barrier is hacked, it is more easily
led to safety and/or privacy issues than conventional web solutions.
• Deployment Scenario
Platform Middleware for WoT
• An application server is a software framework or middleware that provides an
environment in which applications can run, no matter what the applications are or
what they do.
WoT Portals and Business Intelligence
• A web portal or links page is a website that functions as a point of access to
information in the World Wide Web.
• A portal presents information from diverse sources in a unified way.
• Examples of public web portals include Yahoo, AOL(America Online),
Excite, MSN, and more recently, iGoogle. Apart from the standard search
engine feature, web portals offer other services such as e-mail, news, stock
prices, information, databases, and entertainment.

• There are two broad categorizations of portals: horizontal portals, which


cover many areas, and vertical portals, which are focused on one
functional area.
• A vertical portal called vortal consequently is a specialized entry point to a
specific market or industry position, subject area, or interest.
• WoT portals are vertical portals.
• So, the combination of business intelligence, big data analytics, and the
Internet of Things provide enormous opportunities for companies across all
industries – provided they are equipped to leverage existing opportunities.

• By collecting real-time information on all aspects of the business,


delivering the sophisticated tools to analyze that data, and connecting with
any mobile device, your company has the ability to quickly, simply, and
flexibly grow its success.
END

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