Additive Halal Check

e 100 (without the pre x `e`)

Search for multiple ecodes by spacing. e.g. 100 104
Information from Islamic Religious Council of Singapore

e100 - Halal
Curcumin (C.I. 75300)

Colouring: Orange-yellow colouring extracted from the rhizome of a plant of the ginger family called
Curcuma longa (turmeric)

e101 - Doubtful
Ribo avin/Lactofavin/Vitamin B2 *

Colouring/ Vitamin: Yellow or orange-yellow colouring manufactured from yeast or other fermenting
organisms. May also be synthesised from xylene, ribose or alloxan

e102 - Halal
Tartrazine/FD&C Yellow 5 (C.I. 19140)

Colouring: Synthetic yellow colouring

e104 - Halal
Quinoline Yellow (C.I. 47005)
Colouring: Synthetic dull yellow colouring

e107 - Halal
Yellow 2G (C.I. 18965)

Colouring: Synthetic yellow colouring

e110 - Halal
Sunset Yellow FCF/FD&C Yellow 6 (C.I. 15985)

Colouring: Synthetic yellow colouring

e120 - Halal
Cochineal/Carmines (C.I. 75470)

Colouring: Natural red colouring which may be extracted from the bodies of female insects called
Dactilopius coccus

e122 - Halal
Carmoisine/Azorubine (C.I. 14720)

Colouring: Synthetic red colouring

e123 - Halal
Amaranth/FD&C Red 2 (C.I. 16185)

Colouring: Synthetic purplish red colouring

e124 - Halal
Ponceau 4R/Cochineal Red A (C.I. 16255)

Colouring: Synthetic red colouring

e127 - Halal
Erythrosine/FD&C Red 3 (C.I. 45430)

Colouring: Synthetic cherry pink to red colouring

e128 - Halal
Red 2G (C.I. 18050)

Colouring: Synthetic red colouring

e129 - Halal
Allura Red AC/Food Red 17/FD&C Red 40 (C.I. 16035)

Colouring: Synthetic red colouring

e131 - Halal
Patent Blue V (C.I. 42051)

Colouring: Synthetic dark bluish-violet colour

e132 - Halal
Indigo Carmine/Indigotine/FD&C Blue 2 (C.I. 73015)

Colouring: Synthetic blue colouring

e133 - Halal
Brilliant Blue FCF/FD&C Blue 1 (C.I. 42090)

Colouring: Synthetic blue colouring

e140 - Doubtful
Chlorophyll (C.I. 75810)*

Colouring: Natural olive to dark green colouring found in many plants. Solvents such as ethanol are
used in the extraction of chlorophyll

e141 - Doubtful
Copper Complexes of Chlorophyll (C.I. 75810)*

Colouring: Olive-green colouring which is derived from the substitution of magnesium ion in
chlorophyll with copper

e142 - Halal
Green S/Acid Brilliant Green BS/Food green S/Lissamine green (C.I 44090)

Colouring: Synthetic green colouring

e150 - Halal
Caramel

Colouring: Dark brown colouring prepared by the controlled heat treatment of carbohydrates (e.g.
glucose syrup, sucrose)

e151 - Halal
Brilliant Black BN (C.I. 28440)

Colouring: Synthetic black colouring

e153 - Doubtful
Carbon Black/Vegetable Carbon*

Colouring: Black colouring which may be prepared from animal charcoal or vegetable sources. The
commercial source is mainly from plant material

e154 - Halal
Brown FK/Food Brown

Colouring: Synthetic brown colouring

e155 - Halal
Brown HT/Chocolate Brown HT (C.I. 20285)

Colouring: Synthetic brown colouring

e160a - Doubtful
Alpha-/Beta-/Gamma-Carotene (C.I. 75130)*

Colouring: Orange-yellow colouring which is naturally found in many plants including in carrots. May
be commercially synthesised in the laboratory

e160b - Doubtful
Annatto/Bixin/Norbixin (C.I. 75120)*

Colouring: Yellow to peach colouring naturally found in the pericarp (seed coat) of the Annato tree.
May be extracted by means of water-soluble or oil-soluble methods

e160c - Doubtful
Capsanthin/Capsorubin/Paprika extract*

Colouring: Red to orange colouring prepared by solvent extraction of the fruit pods and seeds of
Capsicum annuum

e160d - Doubtful
Lycopene (C.I. 75125)*

Colouring: Natural red colouring extracted from tomatoes

e160e - Doubtful
Beta-apo-8'-carotenal/Beta-8’-apocarotenal*

Colouring: Synthetic orange to yellowish-red colouring

e160f - Doubtful
Ethyl ester of Beta-apo-8-carotenoic acid*

Colouring: Synthetic orange to yellow colouring

e161a - Doubtful
Flavoxanthin*

Colouring: Yellow colouring which is a derivative of carotene (E160a). May contain other substances
such as oils and fats derived from the source material

e161b - Doubtful
Lutein*

Colouring: Natural yellow to reddish colouring taken from plant extract. May also be obtained from
the same source as chlorophyll (E140)

e161c - Doubtful
Cryptoxanthin*

Colouring: Yellow colouring present in plants, orange rind, egg yolk and butter

e161d - Doubtful
Rubixanthin*

Colouring: Yellow colouring present in rosehips

e161e - Doubtful
Violaxanthin*

Colouring: Yellow colouring taken from plants e.g. yellow pansies

e161f - Doubtful
Rhodoxanthin*

Colouring: Yellow colouring found in the seeds of the yew tree

e161g - Doubtful
Canthaxanthin (C.I. 40850)*

Colouring: Orange colouring isolated from some mushrooms. May be commercially produced as
part of the synthesis of carotene (E160a)

e162 - Halal
Beet Red/Betanin/Betanidin

Colouring: Deep purplish-red colouring extracted from beetroot

e163 - Doubtful
Anthocyanins*

Colouring: Red, blue colouring extracted from grape-skin extract and/or red cabbage by means of
water, methanol or ethanol
e170 - Doubtful
Calcium Carbonate/Chalk (C.I. 77220)*

Inorganic colouring: May be extracted from naturally occurring white mineral or animal bones

e171 - Halal
Titanium Dioxide (C.I. 77891)

Inorganic colouring: White colouring prepared from naturally occurring mineral ilmenite

e172 - Halal
Iron Oxides/Red: 77491/Black: 77499 (Yellow: C.I. 77492)

Inorganic colouring: Yellow, red, orange, brown and black colouring from naturally occurring
pigments or iron

e173 - Halal
Aluminium (C.I. 77000)

Inorganic colouring: Naturally occurring metallic colour from bauxite

e174 - Halal
Silver (C.I. 77820)

Inorganic colouring: Metallic colour from naturally occurring metal

e175 - Halal
Gold (C.I. 77480)

Inorganic colouring: Metallic colour from naturally occurring metal

e180 - Halal
Pigment Rubine/Lithol Rubine BK (C.I. 15850)

Inorganic colouring: Synthetic red colouring

e200 - Halal
Sorbic Acid

Preservative: Naturally occurring in some fruits. May be synthetically manufactured from ketene

e201 - Halal
Sodium Sorbate

Preservative: Manufactured by neutralisation of sorbic acid (E200)

e202 - Halal
Potassium Sorbate

Preservative: Manufactured by neutralisation of sorbic acid (E200)

e203 - Halal
Calcium Sorbate
Calcium Sorbate

Preservative: Manufactured by neutralisation of sorbic acid (E200)

e210 - Halal
Benzoic Acid

Preservative: Naturally occurring in many edible berries, fruits and vegetables. May also be
synthetically produced

e211 - Halal
Sodium Benzoate

Preservative: Sodium salt of benzoic acid (E210)

e212 - Halal
Potassium Benzoate

Preservative: Potassium salt of benzoic acid (E210)

e213 - Halal
Calcium Benzoate

Preservative: Calcium salt of benzoic acid (E210)

e214 - Halal
Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate/Ethyl para- hydroxybenzoate
Preservative: Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)

e215 - Halal
Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt/Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate

Preservative: Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)

e216 - Halal
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate/Propylparaben

Preservative: Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)

e217 - Halal
Propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt

Preservative: Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)

e218 - Halal
Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate/Methylparaben

Preservative: Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)

e219 - Halal
Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, Sodium Salt

Preservative: Manufactured from benzoic acid (E210)

e220 - Halal
Sulphur Dioxide

Preservative: Manufactured chemically by the combustion of sulphur or gypsum

e221 - Halal
Sodium Sulphite

Preservative: Sodium salt of sulphurous acid

e222 - Halal
Sodium Hydrogen Sulphite/Sodium Bisulphite

Preservative: Sodium salt of sulphurous acid

e223 - Halal
Sodium Metabisulphite

Preservative: Sodium salt of sulphurous acid

e224 - Halal
Potassium Metabisulphite/Potassium Pyrosulphite

Preservative: Potassium salt of sulphurous acid

e225 - Halal
Potassium Sulphite

Preservative: Potassium salt of sulphurous acid

e226 - Halal
Calcium Sulphite

Preservative: Calcium salt of sulphurous acid

e227 - Halal
Calcium Hydrogen Sulphite/Calcium Bisulphite

Preservative: Calcium salt of sulphurous acid

e230 - Halal
Biphenyl/Diphenyl

Preservative: Synthetically produced by action of heat on benzene

e231 - Halal
2-Hydroxybiphenyl

Preservative: Manufactured from phenyl ether or dibenzofuran

e232 - Halal
Sodium Biphenyl-2-yl-oxide

Preservative: Synthetically produced

e233 - Halal
2-(Thiazol-4-yl) Benzimidazole

Preservative: Chemically synthesised

e234 - Doubtful
Nisin*

Preservative: Produced by the growth of a bacterium called Streptococcus lactis.

e235 - Doubtful
Natamycin/Pimaricin*

Preservative: Produced by the growth of a bacterium called Strepmyces natalensis

e236 - Halal
Formic Acid

Preservative: Produced commercially by heating carbon monoxide and sodium hydroxide under
pressure and decomposing the resulting sodium formate with sulphuric acid

e237 - Halal
Sodium Formate
Sodium Formate

Preservative: Sodium salt of formic acid (E236)

e238 - Halal
Calcium Formate

Preservative: Calcium salt of formic acid (E236)

e239 - Halal
Hexamine

Preservative: Manufactured from formaldehdye and ammonia

e249 - Halal
Potassium Nitrite

Preservative: Potassium salt of nitrous acid

e250 - Halal
Sodium Nitrite

Preservative: Manufactured from sodium nitrate by bacterial or chemical actions

e251 - Halal
Sodium Nitrate

Preservative: Naturally occurring mineral

e252 - Doubtful
Potassium Nitrate/Saltpetre*

Preservative: Naturally occurring mineral. May also be arti cially produced from vegetable material
and waste animal

e260 - Doubtful
Acetic Acid*

Food Acid: Commercially manufactured by the action of methanol and carbon monoxide. The acetic
acid in vinegar may be produced by the action of bacterium Acetobacter on alcohol

e261 - Halal
Potassium Acetate

Food Acid: Potassium salt of acetic acid (E260)

e262 - Halal
Sodium Acetate

Food Acid: Sodium salt of acetic acid (E260)

e263 - Halal
Calcium Acetate

Food Acid: Calcium salt of acetic acid (E260)

e264 - Halal
Ammonium Acetate

Food Acid: Ammonium salt of acetic acid (E260)

e270 - Doubtful
Lactic Acid*

Food Acid: Commercially produced by heat treatment of carbohydrate, such as whey, and fermented
by bacteria such as Bacillus acidilacti, Lactobacillus delbueckii or L. bulgaricus

e280 - Doubtful
Propionic Acid*

Preservative: May be commercially derived from natural gas or from wood pulp waste liquor by the
fermentation activity of Propionibacteria

e281 - Doubtful
Sodium Propionate*

Preservative: Sodium salt of propionic acid (E280)

e282 - Doubtful
Calcium Propionate*

Preservative: Calcium salt of propionic acid (E280)

e283 - Doubtful
Potassium Propionate*

Preservative: Potassium salt of propionic acid (E280)

e290 - Halal
Carbon Dioxide

Propellant: Naturally occuring. May also be produced by way of fermentation or acid-carbonate

reaction

e296 - Halal
Malic Acid (DL- or L-)

Food Acid: Commercially synthesised by means of heating malic with sulphuric acid

e297 - Doubtful
Fumaric Acid*

Food Acid: Commercially prepared by glucose fermentation using fungi such as Rhizopus nigricans

e300 - Doubtful
L-Ascorbic Acid/Vitamin C*

Antioxidant/ Vitamin: Occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables. May be synthesised from the
hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol and its eventual conversion to ascorbic acid. May also be
biologically synthesised through means of fermentation
e301 - Halal
Sodium Ascorbate

Antioxidant/ Vitamin: Synthetic sodium salt of ascorbic acid (E300)

e302 - Halal
Calcium Ascorbate

Antioxidant/ Vitamin: Synthetic calcium salt of ascorbic acid (E300)

e303 - Halal
Potassium Ascorbate

Antioxidant/ Vitamin: Synthetic potassium salt of ascorbic acid (E300)

e304 - Doubtful
Ascorbyl Palmitate*

Antioxidant/ Vitamin: Ascorbic acid ester comprising ascorbic acid and palmitic acid

e306 - Halal
Tocopherol Concentrate, Mixed/Vitamin E

Antioxidant/ Vitamin: Extracts from soya bean oil, rice germ, wheat germ, maize and green leaves
e307 - Halal
Synthetic Alpha-Tocopherol

Antioxidant/ Vitamin: Manufactured by chemical synthesis

e308 - Halal
Synthetic Gamma-Tocopherol

Antioxidant/ Vitamin: Manufactured by chemical synthesis

e309 - Halal
Synthetic Delta-Tocopherol

Antioxidant/ Vitamin: Manufactured by chemical synthesis

e310 - Halal
Propyl Gallate

Antioxidant: Manufactured from gallic acid found in the tannins of nut galls. May also be produced
from the hydrolysis of tannase, which may occur in spent fungal broth

e311 - Halal
Octyl Gallate

Antioxidant: Manufactured from gallic acid found in the tannins of nut galls. May also be produced
from the hydrolysis of tannase, which may occur in spent fungal broth
e312 - Halal
Dodecyl Gallate

Antioxidant: Manufactured from gallic acid found in the tannins of nut galls. May also be produced
from the hydrolysis of tannase, which may occur in spent fungal broth

e317 - Doubtful
Erythorbic Acid/Iso-ascorbic Acid*

Antioxidant: Commercially produced from sucrose by fermentation with Penicillium sp.

e318 - Doubtful
Sodium Erythorbate/Sodium Iso-Ascorbate*

Antioxidant: Sodium salt of erythorbic acid (E317)

e319 - Doubtful
tert-Butylhydroquinone/TBHQ*

Antioxidant: Derived from petroleum

e320 - Doubtful
Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)*

Antioxidant: Commercially prepared from p- methoxyphenol and isobutene

e321 - Doubtful
Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT)*

Antioxidant: Prepared synthetically from p-cresol and isobutylene

e322 - Doubtful
Lecithins*

Emulsi er/ Antioxidant: Obtained from animal or vegetable materials through physical procedures.
Most lecithin are commercially obtained from soya beans

e325 - Doubtful
Sodium Lactate*

Food Acid: Sodium salt of lactic acid (E270)

e326 - Doubtful
Potassium Lactate*

Food Acid: Potassium salt of lactic acid (E270)

e327 - Doubtful
Calcium Lactate*

Food Acid: Calcium salt of lactic acid (E270)

e328 - Doubtful
e328 Doubtful

Ammonium Lactate*

Food Acid: Ammonium salt of lactic acid (E270)

e329 - Doubtful
Magnesium Lactate*

Food Acid: Magnesium salt of lactic acid (E270)

e330 - Doubtful
Citric Acid*

Food Acid: Commercially prepared by the fermentation of molasses with fungal strains of
Aspergillus niger. May also be isolated from pineapple by- products and low-grade lemons

e331 - Doubtful
Sodium Citrates*

Food Acid: Sodium salt of citric acid (E330)

e332 - Doubtful
Potassium Citrates*

Food Acid: Potassium salt of citric acid (E330)

e333 - Doubtful
Calcium Citrates*

Food Acid: Calcium salt of citric acid (E330)

e334 - Doubtful
Tartaric Acid*

Food Acid: Most commercially available tartaric acid is manufactured as a by-product of the wide
industry. May also be extracted from tamarind pulp

e335 - Doubtful
Sodium Tartrate*

Food Acid: Sodium salt of tartaric acid (E334)

e336 - Doubtful
Potassium Tartrate/Potassium Hydrogen Tartrate/Cream of Tartar *

Food Acid: By-product of the wine industry

e337 - Doubtful
Potassium Sodium Tartrate*

Food Acid: Derivative of tartaric acid (E334)

e338 - Halal
Phosphoric Acid/Orthophosphoric Acid
Miscellaneous: Manufactured from phosphate ore

e339 - Halal
Sodium Phosphates

Mineral Salt: Sodium salt of phosphoric acid (E338)

e340 - Halal
Potassium Phosphates

Mineral Salt: Potassium salt of phosphoric acid (E338)

e341 - Halal
Calcium Phosphates

Mineral Salt: Calcium salt of phosphoric acid (E338)

e343 - Halal
Magnesium Phosphates

Mineral Salt: Naturally occurring mineral

e350 - Halal
Sodium Malate/Sodium Hydrogen Malate

Food Acid: Sodium salt of malic acid (E296)

e351 - Halal
Potassium Malate

Food Acid: Potassium salt of malic acid (E296)

e352 - Halal
Calcium Malate/Calcium Hydrogen Malate

Food Acid: Calcium salt of malic acid (E296)

e353 - Doubtful
Metatartaric Acid*

Sequestrant: Prepared from tartaric acid (E334)

e355 - Halal
Adipic Acid/Hexanedioic Acid

Buffer: Commercially produced by oxidising cyclohexanol with concentrated nitric acid

e357 - Halal
Potassium Adipate

Buffer: Potassium salt of adipic acid (E355)

e363 - Doubtful
Succinic Acid*

Buffer/ Food Acid*: Commercially prepared from acetic acid (E260)

e365 - Doubtful
Sodium Fumarate*

Food Acid: Sodium salt of fumaric acid (E297)

e366 - Doubtful
Potassium Fumarate*

Food Acid: Potassium salt of fumaric acid (E297)

e367 - Doubtful
Calcium Fumarate*

Food Acid: Calcium salt of fumaric acid (E297)

e370 - Halal
1,4-Heptonolactone

Sequestrant: Prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acid

375 H l l
e375 - Halal
Niacin/Nicotinic Acid/Nicotinamide

Vitamin: Commercially prepared by the oxidation of nicotine with concentrated nitric acid

e380 - Doubtful
Triammonium Citrate*

Buffer: Ammonium salt of citric acid (E330)

e381 - Doubtful
Ammonium Ferric Citrate*

Dietary Supplement: Prepared from citric acid (E330)

e385 - Halal
Calcium Disodium EDTA

Chelating Agent: Synthetically prepared

e400 - Halal
Alginic Acid

Vegetable Gum: Extracted from brown seaweeds such as the species of Laminaria, Macrocystis and
Ascophyllum

e401 - Halal
Sodium Alginate

Vegetable Gum: Sodium salt of alginic acid (E400)

e402 - Halal
Potassium Alginate

Vegetable Gum: Potassium salt of alginic acid (E400)

e403 - Halal
Ammonium Alginate

Vegetable Gum: Ammonium salt of alginic acid (E400)

e404 - Halal
Calcium Alginate

Vegetable Gum: Calcium salt of alginic acid (E400)

e405 - Halal
Propane-1,2-Diol Alginate/Propylene Glycol Alginate/Alginate Ester

Vegetable Gum: Propylene glycol ester of alginic acid (E400)

e406 - Halal
Agar/Agar-Agar/Japanese Isinglass

Vegetable Gum: Extracted from red seaweeds such as the Gelidium amansii May also be taken from
Vegetable Gum: Extracted from red seaweeds such as the Gelidium amansii. May also be taken from
members of the related red algae Rhodophyceae

e407 - Halal
Carrageenan/Irish Moss

Vegetable Gum: Occurs naturally in red seaweeds belonging to the Gigartinaceae, Solieriaceae,
Hypnaceae and Furcellariaceae families

e410 - Halal
Locust Bean Gum/Carob Bean Gum

Vegetable Gum: Taken from the Locust or Carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua), which is an evergreen tree
belonging to the Leguminoseae or pea family

e412 - Halal
Guar Gum

Vegetable Gum: Extracted from the seeds of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus, or C. psoraloides, a

member of the pea family

e413 - Halal
Tragacanth/Gum Tragacanth

Vegetable Gum: Extracted from the trunk and branches of Astragalus gummi er and other species of
the pea family

e414 - Halal
Acacia/Gum Arabic

Vegetable Gum: Occurs naturally in the stems and branches of Acacia senegal and members of the
pea family

e415 - Doubtful
Xanthan Gum/Corn Sugar Gum*

Vegetable Gum: Produced by the fermentation of carbohydrate using a bacterium known as

Xanthomonas campestris

e416 - Halal
Karaya Gum/Sterculia Gum

Vegetable Gum: Occurs naturally in the trunk and stem of the tree Sterculia urens

e420 - Doubtful
Sorbitol/Sorbitol Syrup*

Humectant: Commercially produced from glucose by hydrogenation or electrolytic reduction

e421 - Halal
Mannitol/Manna Sugar

Humectant: Prepared from seaweed or manna, the dried exudate of Fraxinus ornus. May be
commercially prepared by the hydrogenation of invert sugar, monosaccharides and sucrose
e422 - Doubtful
Glycerol/Glycerin*

Humectant: Industrial by-product in the manufacture of soaps, candles and fatty acids from oils and
fats. May also be synthesised from propylene or by the fermentation of sugars

e430 - Doubtful
Polyoxyethylene (8) Stearate*

Emulsi er: Synthesised using stearic acid (E570)

e431 - Doubtful
Polyoxyethylene (40) Stearate*

Emulsi er: Synthesised using stearic acid (E570)

e432 - Doubtful
Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monolaurate/Polysorbate 20/Tween 20*

Emulsi er: Lauric ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride

e433 - Doubtful
Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Mono- Oleate/Polysorbate 80/Tween 80*

Emulsi er: Oleic ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride

e434 - Doubtful
Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monopalmitate/Polysorbate 40/Tween 40*

Emulsi er: Palmitate ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride

e435 - Doubtful
Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monostearate/Polysorbate 60/Tween 60*

Emulsi er: Stearic acid ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride

e436 - Doubtful
Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Tristearate/Polysorbate 65/Tween 65*

Emulsi er: Stearic acid ester of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydride

e440a - Halal
Pectin

Stabiliser/ Thickening Agent: Apple residues and orange pith are commercial sources of pectin

e440b - Halal
Amidated Pectin

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Derived from the treatment of pectin (E440a) with ammonia

e441 - Doubtful
Gelatine*
Gelatine

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Obtained by boiling animal skin (usually cattle or pig's), ligaments, bones, or
any tissue that contains collagen

e442 - Halal
Ammonium Phosphatides/Emulsi er YN

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared synthetically

e450 - Halal
Sodium and Potassium Metaphosphates, Polyphosphates and Pyrophosphates

Mineral Salt: Sodium and potassium salt of phosphoric acid (E338)

e460 - Halal
Microcrystalline Cellulose/Powdered Cellulose

Anticaking Agent: Prepared from the cellulose component of plant cell wall

e461 - Halal
Methylcellulose/Cologel/Methocel

Vegetable Gum: Prepared from plant cellulose

e463 - Halal
Hydroxypropylcellulose

f
Vegetable Gum: Prepared from plant cellulose

e464 - Halal
Hydroxypropyl-Methylcellulose

Vegetable Gum: Prepared from plant cellulose

e465 - Halal
Ethylmethylcellulose

Vegetable Gum: Prepared from plant cellulose

e466 - Halal
Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose/CMC

Vegetable Gum: Prepared from plant cellulose

e469 - Halal
Sodium Caseinate

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Derived from the protein of cow's milk

e470 - Doubtful
Sodium, Potassium and Calcium Salts of Fatty Acids*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared from fatty acids

e471 - Doubtful
Mono-and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Commercially prepared from glycerin (E422) and fatty acids

e472 - Doubtful
Various Esters of Glycerol*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared from esters of glycerol and fatty acids

e473 - Doubtful
Sucrose Esters of Fatty Acids*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared from esters of glycerol and sucrose

e474 - Doubtful
Sucroglycerides*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared by the action of sucrose on natural triglycerides (from lard, tallow,
palm oil, etc)

e475 - Doubtful
Polyglycerol Esters of Fatty Acids*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared in the laboratory

e476 - Doubtful
Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared from castor oil and glycerol esters

e477 - Doubtful
Propane-1,2-Diol Esters of Fatty Acids*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared from propylene glycol

e481 - Doubtful
Sodium Stearoyl-2-Lactylate*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared from lactic acid (E270)

e482 - Doubtful
Calcium Stearoyl-2-Lactylate*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared from lactic acid (E270)

e483 - Doubtful
Stearyl Tartrate*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared from tartaric acid (E334)

e491 - Doubtful
e491 Doubtful
Sorbitan Monostearate*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared synthetically from stearic acid (E570) and sorbitol (E420)

e492 - Doubtful
Sorbitan Tristearate/Span 65*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared synthetically from stearic acid (E570) and sorbitol (E420)

e493 - Doubtful
Sorbitan Monolaurate/Span 20*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared synthetically from sorbitol (E420) and lauric acid

e494 - Doubtful
Sorbitan Monooleate/Span 80*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared synthetically from sorbitol (E420) and oleic acid

e495 - Doubtful
Sorbitan Monopalmitate/Span 40*

Emulsi er/ Stabiliser: Prepared synthetically from sorbitol (E420) and palmitic acid

e500 - Halal
Sodium Carbonate/Sodium Bicarbonate/Baking Soda
Mineral Salt: Synthetically prepared. May also be manufactured by the Solvay process or
electrolytically from sea water

e501 - Halal
Potassium Carbonate/Potassium Hydrogen Carbonate

Mineral Salt: Prepared by saturating a concentrated solution of potassium carbonate with carbon
dioxide

e503 - Halal
Ammonium Bicarbonate/Ammonium Hydrogen Carbonate

Mineral Salt: Prepared by passing excess carbon dioxide through concentrated ammonia water

e504 - Halal
Magnesium Carbonate

Mineral Salt: May be prepared by mixing boiling concentrated solutions of magnesium sulphate and
sodium carbonate

e507 - Halal
Hydrochloric Acid

Food Acid: Industrially produced by the reaction of sodium chloride and sulphuric acid

e508 - Halal
Potassium Chloride
Salt Substitute: Naturally occurs as a saline residue associated with rock salt

e509 - Halal
Calcium Chloride

Mineral Salt: Obtained as a by-product of the Solvay process and is also a product from natural salt
brines

e510 - Halal
Ammonium Chloride

Flour Treatment Agent: Synthetically prepared

e511 - Halal
Magnesium Chloride

Firming Agent: Prepared from magnesium ammonium chloride hexahydrate, in the presence of
hydrochloric acid

e513 - Halal
Sulphuric Acid

Food Acid: Commercially prepared by the 'contact' or 'chamber' process

e514 - Halal
Sodium Sulphate
Diluent: Naturally occurring

e515 - Halal
Potassium Sulphate

Salt Substitute: Naturally occurring

e516 - Halal
Calcium Sulphate

Flour Treatment Agent: Naturally occurring

e518 - Halal
Magnesium Sulphate

Dietary Supplement/ Firming Agent: Naturally occurring

e519 - Halal
Cupric Sulphate/Copper Sulphate

Preservative/ Colour Fixative: Industrially prepared by spraying hot dilute sulphuric acid on to scrap
copper in a lead-lined tower

e524 - Halal
Sodium Hydroxide

Neutralising Agent: Prepared by electrolysis from brine or precipitated from sodium carbonate and
Neutralising Agent: Prepared by electrolysis from brine, or precipitated from sodium carbonate and
lime solution

e525 - Halal
Potassium Hydroxide

Oxidising Agent: Industrially prepared by electrolysis of potassium chloride

e526 - Halal
Calcium Hydroxide

Neutralising Agent: Prepared by the hydration of lime

e527 - Halal
Ammonium Hydroxide

Alkali: Prepared from ammonia gas

e528 - Halal
Magnesium Hydroxide

Alkali: Commercially prepared from magnesite ores

e529 - Halal
Calcium Oxide

Alkali: Prepared from limestone

e530 - Halal
Magnesium Oxide

Alkali: Commercially prepared from magnesite ores

e535 - Halal
Sodium Ferrocyanide

Anticaking Agent: Synthetically produced

e536 - Halal
Potassium Ferrocyanide

Anticaking Agent: Commercially prepared as a by- product in the puri cation of coal gas

e540 - Halal
Dicalcium Diphosphate

Buffer: Naturally occurring mineral. May also be synthetically produced

e541 - Halal
Sodium Aluminium Phosphate

Aerator/ Emulsifying Salt: Prepared from phosphoric acid (E338)

e542 - Doubtful
Edible Bone Phosphate/Bone Meal*

Anticaking Agent: Extract from animal bones

e544 - Doubtful
Calcium Polyphosphates*

Emulsifying Salt: Calcium salts of polyphosphoric acid

e545 - Halal
Ammonium Polyphosphates

Emulsifying Salt: Ammonium salts of polyphosphoric acid

e551 - Halal
Silicon Dioxide/Silica Salt

Anticaking Agent: Rock-forming mineral and sand which is composed mainly of quartz or int

e552 - Halal
Calcium Silicate

Anticaking Agent: Commercially prepared from lime and diatomaceous earth

e553a - Halal
Magnesium Silicate/Magnesium Trisilicate

Anticaking Agent: Synthetic compound of magnesium oxide and silicon dioxide. May also be
prepared from sodium silicate and magnesium sulphate

e553b - Halal
Talc

Anticaking Agent: Naturally occurring mineral

e554 - Halal
Aluminium Sodium Silicate/Sodium Aluminosilicate

Anticaking Agent: Prepared synthetically from quartz and gibbsite

e556 - Halal
Aluminium Calcium Silicate

Anticaking Agent: Naturally occurring mineral

e558 - Halal
Bentonite

Anticaking Agent: Naturally occurring

e559 - Halal
Kaolin
Anticaking Agent: Naturally occurring

e570 - Doubtful
Stearic Acid*

Anticaking Agent: Naturally occurring fatty acid found in all animal fats and vegetable oils. May be
prepared synthetically for commercial use

e572 - Doubtful
Magnesium Stearate*

Anticaking Agent: Magnesium salt of stearic acid (E570)

e575 - Doubtful
Glucono Delta-Lactone*

Sequestrant: Prepared by the oxidation of glucose

e576 - Halal
Sodium Gluconate

Sequestrant: Sodium salt of gluconic acid

e577 - Halal
Potassium Gluconate
Sequestrant: Potassium salt of gluconic acid

e578 - Halal

Calcium Gluconate

Sequestrant: Calcium salt of gluconic acid

e579 - Halal
Ferrous Gluconate

Colouring/ Flavouring: Prepared from barium gluconate and ferrous sulphate

e620 - Doubtful
L-Glutamic Acid*

Flavour Enhancer: Commercially prepared by the fermentation of carbohydrate by a bacterium e.g.

Micrococcus glutamicus

e621 - Doubtful
Monosodium Glutamate/MSG*

Flavour Enhancer: Sodium salt of glutamic acid (E620)

e622 - Doubtful
Monopotassium Glutamate*

Flavour Enhancer: Potassium salt of glutamic acid (E620)

Flavour Enhancer: Potassium salt of glutamic acid (E620)

e623 - Doubtful
Calcium Glutamate*

Flavour Enhancer: Calcium salt of glutamic acid (E620)

e627 - Doubtful
Disodium Guanylate*

Flavour Enhancer: Sodium salt of guanylic acid, a widely occurring nucleotide found in yeast extract
and sardines. May be synthetically prepared from commercial use

e631 - Doubtful
Disodium Inosinate*

Flavour Enhancer: Sodium salt of inosinic acid, found in meat extract and sardines

e635 - Doubtful
Sodium 5'-Ribonucleotide*

Flavour Enhancer: Mixture of disodium guanylate (E627) and disodium inosinate (E631)

e636 - Halal
Maltol

Flavour Enhancer: Occurs naturally in the bark of larch trees, pine needles and roasted malt. May
also be obtained by the alkaline hydrolysis of streptomycin salt
also be obtained by the alkaline hydrolysis of streptomycin salt

e637 - Halal
Ethyl Maltol

Flavour Enhancer: Prepared from maltol (E636)

e900 - Halal
Dimethylpolysiloxane/Dimethicone

Antifoaming Agent: A mixture of liquid dimethylpolysiloxane and silicon gel or silicon dioxide

e901 - Doubtful
Beeswax*

Glazing Agent: Naturally occurring from bee honeycomb. White beewax is bleached and puri ed

e903 - Halal
Carnauba Wax

Glazing Agent: Obtained from the surface of leaves of Copernicia cerifera, a Brazilian wax palm

e904 - Doubtful
Shellac*

Glazing Agent: Obtained from the resin produced by lac insect (Laccifer lacca)
e905 - Halal
Mineral Oil/Petrolatum

Glazing Agent: Derived from petroleum

e907 - Halal
Re ned Microcrystalline Wax

Glazing Agent: Derived from petroleum

e920 - Doubtful
L-Cysteine Hydrochloride*

Flour Treatment Agent: Manufactured from animal hair and chicken feathers

e924 - Halal
Potassium Bromate

Flour Treatment Agent: Synthetically produced

e925 - Halal
Chlorine

Preservative/ Bleaching Agent: Commercially produced by electrolysis

e926 - Halal
Chlorine Dioxide

Bleaching Agent/ Improving Agent: Synthetically prepared

e927 - Halal
Azodicarbonamide/Azoformamide

Improving Agent: Synthetically prepared

e928 - Halal
Benzoyl Peroxide/Dibenzoyl Peroxide

Bleaching Agent: Synthetically prepared

e931 - Halal
Nitrogen

Propellant: Industrially produced by the reduction of ammonia or by the fractional distillation of

liquid air

e932 - Halal
Nitrous Oxide

Propellant: Industrially produced by the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate

e950 - Halal
e950 Halal
Acesulphame Potassium/Sunett

Arti cial Sweetener: Potassium salt of 6-methyl-1,2,3- oxathiazin-4(3H)-1,2,2-dioxide

e951 - Doubtful
Aspartame/Nutrasweet*

Arti cial Sweetener: Commercially produced by combining two amino acids together, namely L-
phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid

e952 - Halal
Cyclamic and its Calcium and Sodium Salts

Arti cial Sweetener: Manufactured by many different methods

e954 - Halal
Saccharin and its Calcium and Sodium Salts

Arti cial Sweetener: Manufactured by many different methods

e957 - Halal
Thaumatin

Arti cial Sweetener: Derived from an African plant called Thaumococcus danielli

e965 - Doubtful
Hydrogenated Glucose Syrup*
Hydrogenated Glucose Syrup

Humectant: Derived from starches, which originate from many different sources, and broken down
by enzymes and water to form glucose, oligosaccharides, followed by maltitol and sorbitol (E420)

e967 - Halal
Xylitol

Sweetener: Commercially produced as a waste product of the pulp industry

e1200 - Doubtful
Polydextrose*

Miscellaneous: Manufactured from glucose, citric acid and sorbitol

e1201 - Halal
Polyvinylpyrrolidone

Miscellaneous: Commercially produced from acetylene, hydrogen, formaldehyde and ammonia

e1202 - Halal
Polyvinyl Polypyrrolidone

Miscellaneous: It is the insolule form of polyvinylpyrrolidone (E1201)

e1400 - Halal
Dextrin
Thickener: May be produced by the dry heating of unmodi ed starch or in the presence of acids and
buffers. Starches used are mainly from corn (maize) and tapioca

e1403 - Halal

Bleached Starch

Thickener: May be obtained by treating native starch with various chemicals including hydrogen
peroxide, sodium chlorite or sulphur dioxide

e1404 - Halal
Oxidised Starch

Thickener: Produced by treating native starch with sodium hypochlorite

e1405 - Doubtful
Enzyme-treated Starch*

Thickener: Produced by subjecting corn starch to acid-enzyme treatment to yield glucose, maltose
and higher oligosaccharides

e1410 - Halal
Monostarch Phosphate

Thickener: Produced by the esteri cation of native starch with orthophosphoric acid, sodium or
potassium orthophosphate, or sodium tripolyphosphate

1412 H l l
e1412 - Halal
Distarch Phosphate

Thickener: Produced by the esteri cation of native starch with sodium trimetaphosphate or
phosphorus oxychloride

e1413 - Halal
Phosphated Distarch Phosphate

Thickener: Produced by the esteri cation of native starch with phosphate, and dually stabilised with
a 'monosubstituent group' of phosphate

e1414 - Halal
Acetylated Distarch Phosphate

Thickener: Produced by the esteri cation of native starch with sodium trimetaphosphate or
phosphorus oxychloride, and stabilised with a 'monosubstituent group' of acetate

e1420 - Halal
Starch Acetate Esteri ed with Acetic Anhydride

Thickener: Produced by the esteri cation of native starch with a mixed anhydride of adipic and
acetic anhydride, and stabilised with a 'monosubstituent group' of acetate

e1421 - Halal
Starch Acetate Esteri ed with Vinyl Acetate

Thickener: Produced by the esteri cation of native starch with monosubstituent groups of vinyl
acetate
e1422 - Halal
Acetylated Distarch Adipate

Thickener: Produced by the esteri cation of native starch with a mixed anhydride of adipic and
acetic anhydride

e1440 - Halal
Hydroxypropyl Starch

Thickener: Produced by treating native starch with the hydroxypropyl group

e1442 - Halal
Hydroxypropyl Distarch Phosphate

Thickener: Produced by the esteri cation of native starch with phosphate, and stabilised with a
monosubstituent hydroxyl group

e1450 - Halal
Starch, Sodium Octenylsuccinate

Thickener: Produced by treating native starch with an octenylsuccinate half ester monosubstituent
group

e1505 - Halal
Triethyl Citrate/Ethyl Citrate

Miscellaneous: Bitter oily liquid which is soluble in water and can be mixed with alcohol
e1510 - Doubtful
Ethyl Alcohol/Ethanol*

Miscellaneous: Produced by the fermentation of carbohydrates. May also be obtained from ethylene,
acetylene or liquors from waste sulphites. Other manufacturing process includes hydrolysis of ethyl
sulphate or by the oxidation of methane

e1518 - Doubtful
Triacetin/Glycerol Triacetate*

Miscellaneous: Produced by the acetylation of glycerol

e1520 - Doubtful
Propylene Glycol*

Miscellaneous: Commercially produced from propylene, or by heating glycerol with sodium

hydroxide, or by reacting propylene oxide with water

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