TEXTUAL AIDS TEXTUAL AIDS

• are visual aids that help readers to better understand the texts they are reading • are visual aids that help readers to better understand the texts they are reading
• help readers enhance their learning as they read through the material • help readers enhance their learning as they read through the material
• may include table of contents, glossaries, index/ indices, key words, diagrams, • may include table of contents, glossaries, index/ indices, key words, diagrams,
graphs/charts/tables, maps, timelines, illustrations, bold print, italics, titles, headings, graphs/charts/tables, maps, timelines, illustrations, bold print, italics, titles, headings,
subheadings, captions and sidebars subheadings, captions and sidebars

DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS DIFFERENT TYPES OF TEXTUAL AIDS

• Table of Contents • Table of Contents
This is a section of the book where its major parts are listed along with their page numbers. This is a section of the book where its major parts are listed along with their page numbers.
It is used to locate information and the book's main topics. It is used to locate information and the book's main topics.
• Glossaries • Glossaries
Glossaries are used to quickly find key terms and their definitions in the book. The key Glossaries are used to quickly find key terms and their definitions in the book. The key
terms in the glossary are alphabetically arranged. terms in the glossary are alphabetically arranged.
• Index/Indices • Index/Indices
This section of the book contains a list of key information together with the page numbers This section of the book contains a list of key information together with the page numbers
where they can be found. where they can be found.
• Key/Guide Words • Key/Guide Words
These are terms with definitions located within the page where they are discussed. This is These are terms with definitions located within the page where they are discussed. This is
for the reader to highlight and remember the important idea in a selection. for the reader to highlight and remember the important idea in a selection.
• Diagrams • Diagrams
A diagram is used for readers to better understand detailed information in a simplified A diagram is used for readers to better understand detailed information in a simplified
manner. It allows readers to better understand steps, information in the text and how certain manner. It allows readers to better understand steps, information in the text and how certain
things are made. things are made.
• Graphs/Charts/Tables • Graphs/Charts/Tables
These are used to organize large amounts of information within a small space. These also These are used to organize large amounts of information within a small space. These also
help the readers to better understand the relationship of the different information available to help the readers to better understand the relationship of the different information available to
them. At the same time, graphs/charts/tables compare and summarize information. them. At the same time, graphs/charts/tables compare and summarize information.
• Maps • Maps
These are representations, usually on a flat surface, of a whole or a part of something. These are representations, usually on a flat surface, of a whole or a part of something.
• Timeline • Timeline
This allows relevant information to be understood by the readers in a chronological order. This allows relevant information to be understood by the readers in a chronological order.
This helps the readers understand the order of certain events and how a particular event This helps the readers understand the order of certain events and how a particular event
leads to another. leads to another.
• Illustrations • Illustrations
Illustrations are used so that readers can visualize information. They help readers to Illustrations are used so that readers can visualize information. They help readers to
understand texts that are not clear. understand texts that are not clear.
• Bold Print/Italics • Bold Print/Italics
Bold print are thicker in appearance and italics are slanted letters. These are used to show Bold print are thicker in appearance and italics are slanted letters. These are used to show
readers that words written in these ways are important. readers that words written in these ways are important.
• Titles • Titles
These allow the readers to identify the different topics within the text. It allows them to better These allow the readers to identify the different topics within the text. It allows them to better
understand the main idea discussed in the material. understand the main idea discussed in the material.
• Headings • Headings
These make readers identify the different topics discussed within the material as readers These make readers identify the different topics discussed within the material as readers
skim and scan its contents. Headings divide the text into different sections. skim and scan its contents. Headings divide the text into different sections.
• Subheadings • Subheadings
Subheadings help the readers navigate through the different sections of the text and help Subheadings help the readers navigate through the different sections of the text and help
them better understand the main idea of each section. them better understand the main idea of each section.
• Captions • Captions
Captions help readers to better understand a photo or illustration by giving additional Captions help readers to better understand a photo or illustration by giving additional
information that cannot be readily seen in the photo or illustration. information that cannot be readily seen in the photo or illustration.
• Sidebars • Sidebars
Sidebars create interest among readers as important information are emphasized in the Sidebars create interest among readers as important information are emphasized in the
sidebars. They allow readers to pay attention to interesting facts. sidebars. They allow readers to pay attention to interesting facts.