Homework 9 Solution

Solution for Problem Set 9
HANU - Faculty of Information and Technology

MAT204: Probability & Statistics
May 14, 2015
Problem 1: [1, Exercise 9.54]

A manufacturer of MP3 players conducts a set of comprehensive tests on the electrical
functions of its product. All MP3 players must pass all tests prior to being sold. Of a
random sample of 500 MP3 players, 15 failed one or more tests. Find a 90% confidence
interval for the proportion of MP3 players from the population that pass all tests.
Solution:
n = 500
500 − 15 485
pb = = = 0.97
500 500
qb = 1 − pb = 0.03
1 − α = 90% ⇒ α = 0.1 ⇒ zα/2 = z0.05 = 1.645
Therefore: r r r
pbqb pbqb pbqb
pb − zα/2 < p < pb + zα/2 ⇒ pb ± zα/2
n n n
r
(0.97)(0.03)
⇒ 0.97 ± (1.645) = 0.97 ± 0.013
500
⇒ 0.957 < p < 0.983

A geneticist is interested in the proportion of African males who have a certain minor
blood disorder. In a random sample of 100 African males, 24 are found to be afflicted.
(a) Compute a 99% confidence interval for the proportion of African males who have
this blood disorder.
(b) What can we assert with 99% confidence about the possible size of our error if we
estimate the proportion of African males with this blood disorder to be 0.24?
Solution:
n = 100
24
pb = = 0.24
100
qb = 1 − pb = 0.76
1 − α = 99% ⇒ α = 0.01 ⇒ zα/2 = z0.005 = 2.575
1
a) r
pbqb
pb ± zα/2
n
r
(0.24)(0.76)
⇒ 0.24 ± (2.575) = 0.24 ± 0.110
100
⇒ 0.130 < p < 0.350
b) The possible size of error can be calculated as:

r
pbqb
e ≤ zα/2
n
r
(0.24)(0.76)
⇒ e ≤ (2.575) = 0.110
100

A certain geneticist is interested in the proportion of males and females in the popu-
lation who have a minor blood disorder. In a random sample of 1000 males, 250 are
found to be afflicted, whereas 275 of 1000 females tested appear to have the disorder.
Compute a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of males
and females who have the blood disorder.
Solution:
n1 = n2 = nF = nM = 1000
275
pb1 = pbF = = 0.275
1000
250
pb2 = pbM = = 0.250
1000
qb1 = 1 − pb1 = 0.725
qb2 = 1 − pb2 = 0.750
1 − α = 95% ⇒ α = 0.5 ⇒ zα/2 = z0.025 = 1.96
Therefore:
s s
pb1 qb1 pb2 qb2 pb1 qb1 pb2 qb2
p1 − pb2 ) − zα/2
(b + < p1 − p2 < (b
p1 − pb2 ) + zα/2 +
n1 n2 n1 n2
s
pb1 qb1 pb2 qb2
⇒ (b
p1 − pb2 ) ± zα/2 +
n1 n2
r
(0.250)(0.750) (0.275)(0.725)
⇒ (0.275 − 0.250) ± (1.96) + = 0.025 ± 0.039
1000 1000
⇒ −0.0136 < p1 − p2 < 0.0636
2
Ten engineering schools in the United States were surveyed. The sample contained 250
electrical engineers, 80 being women; 175 chemical engineers, 40 being women. Com-
pute a 90% confidence interval for the difference between the proportions of women in
these two fields of engineering. Is there a significant difference between the two propor-
tions?
Solution:
n1 = 250
n2 = 175
80
pb1 = = 0.32
250
40
pb2 = = 0.2286
175
qb1 = 1 − pb1 = 0.68
qb2 = 1 − pb2 = 0.7714
1 − α = 90% ⇒ α = 0.1 ⇒ zα/2 = z0.05 = 1.645
Therefore: s
pb1 qb1 pb2 qb2
p1 − pb2 ) ± zα/2
(b +
n1 n2
r
(0.32)(0.68) (0.2286)(0.7714)
⇒ (0.32 − 0.2286) ± (1.645) + = 0.0914 ± 0.0713
250 175
⇒ 0.0201 < p1 − p2 < 0.1627
There is a significantly higher proportion of women in electrical engineering than there
is in chemical engineering.

A survey of 1000 students found that 274 chose professional baseball team A as their
favorite team. In a similar survey involving 760 students, 240 of them chose team A
as their favorite. Compute a 95% confidence interval for the difference between the
proportions of students favoring team A in the two surveys. Is there a significant dif-
ference?
Solution:
n1 = 1000
n2 = 760
274
pb1 = = 0.2740
1000
240
pb2 = = 0.3158
760
qb1 = 1 − pb1 = 0.7260
qb2 = 1 − pb2 = 0.6842
1 − α = 95% ⇒ α = 0.5 ⇒ zα/2 = z0.025 = 1.96
3
Therefore: s
pb1 qb1 pb2 qb2
p1 − pb2 ) ± zα/2
(b +
n1 n2
r
(0.2740)(0.7260) (0.3158)(0.6842)
⇒ (0.2740 − 0.3158) ± (1.96) + = −0.0418 ± 0.0431
1000 760
⇒ −0.0849 < p1 − p2 < 0.0013
At the confidence level of 95%, the significance can not be shown.

According to USA Today (March 17, 1997), women made up 33.7% of the editorial staff
at local TV stations in the United States in 1990 and 36.2% in 1994. Assume 20 new
employees were hired as editorial staff.
(a) Estimate the number that would have been women in 1990 and 1994, respectively.
(b) Compute a 95% confidence interval to see if there is evidence that the proportion
of women hired as editorial staff was higher in 1994 than in 1990.
Solution:
n1 = n2 = 20
pb1 = 33.7% = 0.337
pb2 = 36.2% = 0.362
qb1 = 1 − pb1 = 0.663
qb2 = 1 − pb2 = 0.638
a)
The number that would have been woman in 1990 is:
n1 ∗ pb1 = (20)(0.337) ≈ 7
The number that would have been woman in 1994 is:
n2 ∗ pb2 = (20)(0.362) ≈ 7
b)
1 − α = 95% ⇒ α = 0.5 ⇒ zα/2 = z0.025 = 1.96
s
pb1 qb1 pb2 qb2
p1 − pb2 ) ± zα/2
(b +
n1 n2
r
(0.337)(0.663) (0.362)(0.638)
⇒ (0.337 − 0.362) ± (1.96) + = −0.025 ± 0.295
20 20
⇒ −0.320 < p1 − p2 < 0.270
There is no evidence that at the confidence level of 95%, there is a change in propor-
tions.
4
A random sample of 20 students yielded a mean of x = 72 and a variance of s2 = 16 for
scores on a college placement test in mathematics. Assuming the scores to be normally
distributed, construct a 98% confidence interval for σ 2 ?
Solution:
n = 20
s2 = 16
1 − α = 98% ⇒ α = 0.02
υ = n − 1 = 20 − 1 = 19 (degrees of f reedom)
χ2α/2 = χ20.01 = 36.191
χ21−α/2 = χ20.99 = 7.633
Therefore:
(n − 1)s2 2 (n − 1)s2
<σ <
χ2α/2 χ21−α/2
(19)(16) (19)(16)
⇒ < σ2 <
36.191 7.633
2
⇒ 8.400 < σ < 39.827

A random sample of 30 firms dealing in wireless products was selected to determine the
proportion of such firms that have implemented new software to improve productivity.
It turned out that 8 of the 30 had implemented such software. Find a 95% confidence
interval on p, the true proportion of such firms that have implemented new software.
Solution:
n = 30
x=8
8 4
pb = =
30 15
11
qb = 1 − pb =
15
1 − α = 95% ⇒ α = 0.05 ⇒ zα/2 = z0.025 = 1.96
Therefore: r
pbqb
pb ± zα/2
n
r
4 (4/15)(11/15) 4
⇒ ± (1.96) = ± 0.158
15 30 15
⇒ 0.108 < p < 0.425
5
References
[1] Walpole, R. E., Myers, R. H., Myers, S. L. and Ye, K., Probability &
Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, 9th ed., MA, USA: Prentice-Hall, 2012.
[2] DeGroot, M. H. and Schervish, M. J., Probability and Statistics, 4th ed., MA,
USA: Pearson Education, Inc., 2012.
[3] Murray, R. S., John, J. S. and R, A. Srinivasan, Probability and Statistics,

3rd ed., USA: McGraw-Hill, 2009.

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Solution for Problem Set 9

HANU - Faculty of Information and Technology

Problem 1: [1, Exercise 9.54]

Problem 2: [1, Exercise 9.56]

b) The possible size of error can be calculated as:

Problem 3: [1, Exercise 9.65]

Problem 5: [1, Exercise 9.69]

Problem 6: [1, Exercise 9.70]

The number that would have been woman in 1994 is:

Problem 8: [1, Exercise 9.106]

[3] Murray, R. S., John, J. S. and R, A. Srinivasan, Probability and Statistics,

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