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Spearman Rho: Education Department

The document discusses Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho), which is a non-parametric measure of the strength and direction of association between two ranked variables. It provides examples to demonstrate how to compute Spearman's rho step-by-step, including how to handle tied ranks. Spearman's rho values range from +1 to -1, where +1 is a perfect positive correlation, 0 is no correlation, and -1 is a perfect negative correlation. Values of ±0.80-1.0 indicate a very high correlation, ±0.60-0.79 a high correlation, and ±0.40-0.59 a moderate correlation according to the interpretation guidelines provided.

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Leo Cordel Jr.
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80 views7 pages

Spearman Rho: Education Department

The document discusses Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho), which is a non-parametric measure of the strength and direction of association between two ranked variables. It provides examples to demonstrate how to compute Spearman's rho step-by-step, including how to handle tied ranks. Spearman's rho values range from +1 to -1, where +1 is a perfect positive correlation, 0 is no correlation, and -1 is a perfect negative correlation. Values of ±0.80-1.0 indicate a very high correlation, ±0.60-0.79 a high correlation, and ±0.40-0.59 a moderate correlation according to the interpretation guidelines provided.

Uploaded by

Leo Cordel Jr.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VISION

Republic of the Philippines A Leading State University in Technological and Professional


Education.
EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY MISSION
CARIGARA CAMPUS Develop a strong technologically and professionally
Carigara, Leyte competent productive human resource imbued with positive
values needed to propel sustainable development.
EDUCATION DEPARTMENT CORE VALUES
Excellence, Value-Laden, Service Driven, & Unity in Diversity

Subject : Statistics in Education


Course : BSEd- Science III C
Instructor : BONIFACIO CABALLES BARDIAGO III, LPT

CHAPTER
SPEARMAN RHO
5
Objectives:
At the end of this chapter you should be able to:

 understand the concept of Spearman Rho;


 compute spearman’s rank correlation coefficient; and
 interpret the coefficient of correlation.

Pre-Test
DIRECTION: Define the following terms based on your prior knowledge.

1. Statistics - branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and
presentation of masses of numerical data
2. Correlation - any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables
or bivariate data.
3. non-parametric - the rank-order association between two scale or ordinal variables.
4. Spearman Rho - assesses how well the relationship between two variables can be described
using a monotonic function.
5. Rank -

ACTIVITY:

Lead Me to Spearman Rho…


Answer first the activity without looking on the next page of your handouts. Inside the box are the
scores of 20 students who joined the math quiz bee. Ten of them were from college of engineering
and the other ten were from college of education. Determine the student/s who placed on the 5 th rank
in college of engineering and in college of education. Show your computation.

College of engineering:
36 45 47 36 30 24 29 37 41 39
College of education:
50 28 42 39 36 40 35 42 37 36

x Rx y Ry
47 1 50 1
45 2 42 2.5
41 3 42 2.5
39 4 8 4
37 5 7 5.5
4 8 5 8

2 9 4 9
1 10 3 10
DISCUSSION

The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient is a non-parametric test which measures the
strength and direction of association between two variables that are measured on an ordinal or
continuous scale. The Spearman correlation coefficient is often denoted by the symbol rs (or the
Greek letter ρ, pronounce rho).

The Spearman correlation coefficient, rs, can take values from +1 to -1. A rs of +1 indicates a
perfect positive association of ranks, a rs of 0 indicates no association between ranks and a rs of -1
indicates a perfect negative association of ranks. The closer rs is to zero, the weaker the association
between the ranks.

THE CONTENTS

Spearman Rank Correlation: What to do with Tied Ranks?

Tied ranks are where two items or scores in a column have the same rank. Look at the
example below.
Compute the Spearman’s rank correlation of coefficient of the scores of ten students who took
the test in mathematics (x) and science (y). The scores are shown in the table.

x 12 10 8 7 6 5 5 4 2 1

y 8 12 7 4 9 10 7 6 5 3

The variable x has two scores tied for ranks 6 th and 7th and the variable y has two scores tied for
ranks 5th and 6th.

The procedures:
Step 1
Rank the values of x Step 2
x Rx Rank the values of y
12 1 y Ry
10 2 12 1
8 3 10 2
7 4 9 3
6 5 8 4
7 5.5
5 6.5
7 5.5 Average these ranked
5 6.5 Average these ranked 6 7
4 8 5 8 5+6
2 9 6+7 2
4 9
1 10 2 3 10
=5.5
=6.5
Step 3
Get the difference of Rx and Ry (D=Rx-Ry).
Step 4
Get the square of each difference (D2).
Step 5
Get the summation of D2.

x y Rx Ry D D2
12 8 1 4 -3 9
10 12 2 1 1 1
8 7 3 5.5 -2.5 6.25
7 4 4 9 -5 25
6 9 5 3 2 4
5 10 6.5 2 4.5 20.25
5 7 6.5 5 1.5 2.25
4 6 8 5.5 2.5 6.25
2 5 9 8 1 1
1 3 10 10 0 0
∑D2=75
The Spearman’s r formula is:

6 ( ∑ D2 )
rs ¿ 1.0−¿
[
N ( N 2−1 ) ]
6 ( 75 )
= 1.0 − [ 10 ( 102−1 ) ]
462
= 1.0 − [ 10 ( 99 ) ]
462
= 1.0 − [ ] 990

= 1.0 −[ 0.45 ]
= 0.55
To interpret the coefficient of correlation, the following interpretations of the different values of
coefficients of correlation will be used:

Coefficient of Interpretation as to the Degree or Extent of relationship


correlation

±0.80 – 1.0 Very high correlation; very dependable relationship


±0.60 – 0.79 High correlation; marked relationship
±0.40 – 0.59 Moderate correlation; substantial relationship
±0.20 – 0.39 Low correlation; definite but small relationship
Less than +0.20 Negligible correlation

Hence, the computed r value of 0.55 indicates a moderate correlation, with a substantial
relationship between variables. Hence, those students who are good in their mathematics subject are
also good in their science subject.
Spearman Rank Correlation: What to do with no Tied Ranks?

Example:
The scores of nine students in physics and math are as follows:
Physics: 35,23, 47, 17, 10, 43, 9, 6, 28
Mathematics: 30, 33, 45, 23, 8, 49, 12, 4, 31
Compute the student’s ranks in two subjects and compute the Spearman rank correlation.

Step 1: Find the ranks for each individual subjects.

Physics Rank Math Rank


47 1 49 1
43 2 45 2
35 3 33 3
28 4 31 4
23 5 30 5
17 6 23 6
10 7 12 7
9 8 8 8
6 9 4 9

Step 2: Find D. The d is the difference between ranks.


Step 3: Get the square of each difference.
Step 4: Sum (add up) all the d-squared values.
Physics Math Rank for Rank for D D2
Physics Math
35 30 3 5 -2 4
23 33 5 3 2 4
47 45 1 2 -1 1
17 23 6 6 0 0
10 8 7 8 -1 1
43 49 2 1 1 1
9 12 8 7 1 1
6 4 9 9 0 0
28 31 4 4 0 0
∑D2=12
The Spearman’s r formula is:

6 ( ∑ D2 )
rs ¿ 1.0−¿
[
N ( N 2−1 ) ]
6 (12 )
[
= 1.0 − 9 ( 9 2−1 ) ]
72
= 1.0 − [ ] 9 ( 81−1 )

72
= 1.0 − [ ] 9 ( 80 )

72
= 1.0 − [ ] 720

= 1.0 −[ 0.1 ]
= 0.9

Hence, the computed r value of 0.9 indicates a very high correlation, with a very dependable
relationship between variables. Hence, those students who are very good in their physics subject are
also very good in their math subject.

TRY THESE!!!

Exercise 1.1
Complete the Spearman’s rank correlation of coefficient.

Problem 1
Compute the Spearman’s rank correlation of coefficient of the data in the table (show your
solutions).

x 10 8 12 15 8 10

y 7 4 6 7 9 8

Problem 2
The mathematics organization conducted a math quiz bee for BS-Science and BS-Information Technology
students with 12 participants for each team. The scores of each participant are follows:
BS-Science: 15, 17, 9, 11, 8, 12, 18, 13, 5, 20, 16, 19
BS- Information Technology: 12, 8, 7, 19, 16, 18, 11, 20, 17, 15, 13, 9
Compute the student’s ranks in two teams and compute the Spearman rank correlation.

EVALUATION…
How much have I learned?
SOLVE ME!
Compute the Spearman’s rank correlation of coefficient of the data in the table (show your
computation).

x 7 10 12 11 8 13 15 12

y 6 5 8 7 9 8 12 14

2. The scores of ten students in statistics and chemistry exam are as follows:
Statistics: 35, 38, 23, 43, 17, 10, 42, 9, 16, 26
Chemistry: 30, 29, 38, 45, 35, 18, 49, 12, 14, 31
Compute the student’s ranks in two subjects and compute the Spearman rank correlation.

***USE SHORT BOND PAPER. ILLUSTRATE YOUR COMPUTATION. (IT’S VERY IMPORTANT)***

SUBMIT THIS ON NOVEMBER 29, 2021 @ EVSU-CC FROM 8:00 AM – 12:00 NOON

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