This book comprehensively covers 250

Problem Solving Questions on Chapters like

1. Alphabet and Number Series
2. Odd Man Out
3. Venn Diagrams
4. Cubes and Cuboids
5. Puzzles
6. Blood Relations
7. Seating Arrangement and Ordering
8. Directional Sense Test
9. Coding and Decoding
10. Syllogisms

Each Chapter Contains

 Basic Concepts
 Simple Tricks to solve faster
 Solved Examples (5 Questions on each Chapter)
 Classwork Problems (10 Questions on each Chapter)
 Homework Problems (10 Questions on each Chapter)
 Company Specific Sums-Marked under each Chapter
 1. ALPHABET AND NUMBER SERIES

ALPHABET SERIES

Almost every test on reasoning contains questions on alphabetical series. In such a question, if it consists
of a single series of alphabets/combination, the alphabets/combinations are arranged in a particular
manner and each alphabet/combination is related to the earlier and the following alphabets in a particular
way.

The examinee is supposed to decode the logic involved in the sequence and then fill in the space
containing the question mark with a suitable choice out of those given. But before we proceed to discuss
the various types of questions related to alphabetical series, we will talk of some basic facts which are
essential to an understanding of these types of questions.

I. THE ALPHABET: The normal English alphabet contains 26 letters in all, as shown:

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
(Usually, questions on alphabet are accompanied by this normal alphabet). From A to M, the alphabet
completes its first half, while the other half starts from N and ends at Z.

A-M - 1-13 (First Alphabetical Half)

N-Z –14-26 (Second Alphabetical Half)

II. EJOTY: For purpose of convenience, it is helpful to remember this simple formula called EJOTY, with
the help of which you can easily find the position of any letter without much effort. But for practical
purposes, you need to learn by heart the positions of different letters in the alphabet.

E J O T Y
5 10 15 20 25

Now, for instance, we wish to find the position of, say, the 17th letter from the left side. You already know
that the 15th letter from the left side is O; therefore, the only thing you have to do is to find a letter which is
two positions ahead of O, which is Q (The Answer). Using this simple formula, you can quickly find the
position of any letter from the left side without much brain-rattling. Remembering the positions of different
alphabets is basic to solving any question on alphabetical series. One of the best ways to achieve it is to
practice EJOTY. Simply write down the full names of any 200 people you can imagine and do as follows:

For example, let’s say the name of the person imagined is ZUBINA. Now from EJOTY, we know that Z
stands for 26, U stands for 21, B stands for 2, I stands for 9, N stands for 14 and A stands for 1. Now add
up all these positions (26+21+2+9+14+1). What you get on addition does not have any significance, but it
can be a very good way to try to make out and remember the individual positions of letters in the alphabet.

III. FINDING POSITIONS: Much more commonly, you get questions in the tests which provide you
alphabetical positions from the right side. Since we are used to counting from the left side i.e. A, B, C… and
not Z, Y, X…, the formula we discussed earlier will be applicable with a bit of modification. But before we
proceed to discuss it, it is essential to remember one simple mathematical fact.

*Let’s say there is a row of 7 boys in which a boy is standing 3rd from left. We want to know his position
from the right side.
I I I I I I I
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th

You can see for yourself that the boy who was 3rd from the left is placed 5th from the right side.

NUMBER SERIES

Number series tests present numerical sequences that follow a logical rule which is based on elementary
arithmetic. An initial sequence is given from which the rule is to be deduced. You are then asked to predict
the next number that obeys the rule. However there is no limit for patterns which can be used to build a
series, here are some important rules which form the basis for most patterns.

1. Arithmetic progression:
In mathematics, an arithmetic progression (AP) or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that
the difference between the consecutive terms is constant.
The series is of the form a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d . . . a + (n - 1) d.
If the initial term of an arithmetic progression is a1 and the common difference of successive members is d,
then the nth term of the sequence is given by: a1 + (n - 1) d

2. Geometric progression:
In mathematics, an arithmetic progression (AP) or arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers such that
the difference between the consecutive terms is constant.
The series is of the form a, ar, ar2, ar3… arn-1
If the initial term of an arithmetic progression is a1 and the common ratio of successive members is r, then
the nth term of the sequence is given by ar n - 1

3. Random series:
They are patterns with no specific forms. Any possible mathematical sequence could be used.
 SOLVED EXAMPLES

1) 27, 24, 21, 18, __

Solution:
There is a difference of (-3) between each item. The missing number in this case is 15.

2) 64, 32, 16, 8, __

Solution:
Divide each number by 2 to get the next number in the series. The missing number is 4.

3) Which alphabet will be mid-way between the 7th and the 11th letters counting from the left end of
a normal alphabet? (INFOSYS)
a) H b) R c) D d) I

Solution:
Averaging 11 and 7 gives us 9 i.e. I.

4) JHFC: BGGK:: PMRO: ?

a)ORMQ b) None of these c) NSLQ d) MSLQ

Solution:
J H F C : B G G K :: P M R O : N S L Q
+1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1 +1 -1
Becomes (Reverse Order) Becomes (Reverse Order)

5) AD, EH, IL, __, QT

a) LM b) MN c) MP d) OM

Solution:
The first and second letters of each term are moved four steps forward to obtain the corresponding letters
of the next term.

CLASSWORK PROBLEMS

6. What will be the 11th letter to the left of 13th from the right side in the normal alphabets?
a) C b) D c) B d) E

7. 7, 10, 8, 11, 9, 12...

a) 7 b) 10 c) 12 d) 13

8. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10...
a) 11 b) 12 c) 13 d) 14
9. Which letter will be 2 positions ahead of the letter which is mid-way between the 7th letter and the
19th letter from the right end?
a) P b) O c) Q d) M

10. If MDX: NWC:: KTR: ? (CAPGEMINI)

a) PGI b) LGI c) PHI d) OHJ

11. 8 12 9 13 10 14 11
a) 14 11 b) 15 12 c) 8 15 d) 15 19 e) 8 5

12. 544, 509, 474, 439...

a) 404 b) 414 c) 420 d) 445

13. Z, Y, X, U, T, S, P, O, N, K, __, ___? (SYNTEL)

a) H, G b) H, I, c) I, H d) J, I

14. 2 8 14 20 26 32 38 __, __
a) 2 46 b) 44 50 c) 42 48 d) 40 42 e) 32 26

15. eac, gce, ieg, __?

a) jhi b) jgi c) kgi d) khi

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS

16. If EVS: DXP, LRT:?

a) KTQ b) KPQ c) MUW d) None of these

17. 8, 43, 11, 41, __, 39, 17...

a) 8 b) 14 c) 43 d) 44

18. Which alphabet, if counting is done from both the left and the right sides, will be mid-way between the
12th from the left side and the 11th from the right side? (TVS MOTORS)
a) W b) D c) N d) M

19. Find the missing number in the sequence 0, 2, 1, 4, _ 3

20. What will be the 21st letter from the right side if the first half of the alphabet is reversed?
a) H b) R c) F d) None of these

21. OTE, PUF, QVG, RWH,?

a) SYJ b) TXI c) SXJ d) SXI

22. cx, fu, ir, __, ol, ri

a) lo b) mn c) no d) op
23. 2, 6, 18, 54...
a) 108 b) 148 c) 162 d) 216

24. AZ, CX, FU?

a) IR b) IV c) JQ d) KP

25. 201, 202, 204, 207...

a) 205 b) 208 c) 210 d) 211
 2. ODD-MAN OUT

In this topic, a sequence of numbers would be given. In which one of the numbers will be different from
others either by operation or properties of numbers. In any type of problems, a set of numbers is given in
such a way that each one except one satisfies a particular definite property. The one which does not satisfy
that characteristic is to be taken out.

Some important properties of numbers are given below:

 Prime Number Series: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11 ...

 Even Number Series: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 ...
 Odd Number Series: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 ...
 Perfect Squares: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 ...
 Perfect Cubes: 1, 8, 27, 64, 125 ...
 Multiples of Number Series: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 ...are multiples of 3.
 Numbers in Arithmetic Progression (A.P): 13, 11, 9, 7................
 Numbers in G.P:48, 12, 3 ...
 If any series starts with 0, 3... generally the relation will be (n2-1).
 If any series starts with 0, 2... generally the relation will be (n2-n).
 If any series starts with 0, 6... generally the relation will be (n3-n).
 If 36 is found in the series then the series will be in n2 relation.
 If 35 is found in the series then the series will be in n2-1 relation.
 If 37 is found in the series then the series will be in n2+1 relation.
 If 125 is found in the series then the series will be in n3 relation.
 If 124 is found in the series then the series will be in n3-1 relation.
 If 126 is found in the series then the series will be in n3+1 relation.
 If 20, 30 found in the series then the series will be in n2-n relation.
 If 60, 120, 210 ... is found as series then the series will be in n3-n relation.
 If 222,............ is found then relation is n3+n
 If 21, 31 ... is series then the relation is n2-n+1.
 If 19, 29 ... is series then the relation is n2-n-1.
 If series starts with 0, 3 ... the series will be on n2-1 relation.
 SOLVED EXAMPLES

1. 7, 26, 63, 124, 215, 342, (....)

[A] 481 [B] 511 [C] 391 [D] 421

Explanation:
Numbers are (23 – 1), (33 – 1), (43 – 1), (53 – 1), (63 – 1), (73 – 1) etc.
So, the next number is (83 – 1) = (512 – 1) = 511.

2. 190, 166, 145, 128, 112, 100, 91

[A] 100 [B] 166 [C] 145 [D] 128 [E] 112

Explanation:
Go on subtracting 24, 21, 18, 15, 12, 9 from the numbers to get the next number.
Clearly, 128 is wrong.

3. 1050, 510, 242, 106, 46, 16, 3

[A] 510 [B] 242 [C] 106 [D] 46 [E] 16

Explanation:

1050 - 30
2nd term = (1st term - 30) 2= = 510;
2

510 - 26
3rd term = (2nd term - 26) 2= = 242;
2

242 - 22
4th term = (3rd term - 22) 2= = 110.
2

106 is wrong.

4. 888, 440, 216, 104, 48, 22, 6

[A] 440 [B] 216 [C] 104 [D] 48 [E] 22

Explanation:

1st term - 8 888 - 8

2nd term = = = 440;
2 2

2nd term - 8 440 - 8

3rd term = = = 216;
2 2

3rd term - 8 216 - 8

4th term = = = 104;
2 2
 4th term - 8 104 - 8
5th term = = = 48;
2 2

5th term - 8 48 - 8
6th term = = = 20;
2 2

22 is wrong.

5. 789, 645, 545, 481, 440, 429, 425 (HP)

[A] 645 [B] 545 [C] 481 [D] 440 [E] 429

Explanation:

2nd term = 1st term - (12)2 = 789 - 144 = 645;

3rd term = (2nd term) - (10)2 = 645 - 100 = 545;

4th term = (3rd term) - (8)2 = 545 - 64 = 481;

5th term = (4th term) - (6)2 = 481 - 36 = 445.

440 is wrong.

CLASSWORK PROBLEMS

6. 25, 49, 81, 121, 144, 169

7. 1, 4, 9, 16, 23, 25, 36

8. 4, 16, 25, 36, 42, 64

9. 3, 5, 7, 12, 17, 19

10. 385, 462, 572, 427, 671, 264 (HEXAWARE)

11. 121, 143, 165, 189, 209.

12. 3, 10, 27, 4, 16, 64, 5, 25, 125 (MPHASIS)

13. 6, 16, 34, 70, 142, 286.

14. 3, 2, 8, 9, 13, 22, 18, 32, 23, 42

15. -6, -3, 6, 22, 54.

 HOMEWORK PROBLEMS

16. 1, 2, 8, 42, 1806.

17. 2, 11, 38, 197, 1172, 8227, 65806.

18. 2, 5, 15, 54.5, 210, 945, 4725.

19. 5040, 1008, 254, 84, 42, 42

20. GAT, J10R, M20P, P43N, S90L (STERIA)

21. AC3, EG5, IJ7, MO11, QS13.

22. YabZ, WedX, UefV, SghT, RjiQ.

23. 4, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89

24. 5, 10, 13, 26, 29, 58, 61, (....)

25. 3, 7, 6, 5, 9, 3, 12, 1, 15, (....)

 3. VENN DIAGRAMS

Venn diagrams are a great way to visualize the structure of set relationships. They’re also an example of a
technique that works very well for a particular purpose, but that entirely fails outside its well-defined scope
or when the number of sets gets too large.

The idea of the Venn diagram is simple: sets are shown as regions, typically circles. The inside of the circle
represents elements of a particular set, the outside anything that is not in that set.

It gets more interesting when more sets are involved. The typical schoolbook example is of two sets and
their potential interactions. Even without being familiar with set theory, it’s still easy to understand where
the criteria overlap and where they don’t.

There are more set operations, and they are all easily explained using Venn diagrams. Many typical set
problems are simple enough to be solved using Venn diagrams.

If the items evidently belong to three different groups the Venn diagram representing it would be as shown
alongside, Ex: Doctors, Engineers, Lawyer
Answer: These three items bear no relationship to each other so; they are represented by 3 disjoint figures.
If two separate items belong to the class of the third, they are represented by two disjoint circles inside a
big circle as shown. Ex. Table, Chair, Furniture

Answer: Clearly, table and chair are separate items but both are items of furniture. So, they would be
represented as in the adjoining figure with circle. A representing Table, circle B representing Chair and
circle C representing Furniture.

SOLVED PROBLEMS

1. If 40% of the people read newspaper X, 50% read newspaper Y and 10% read both the papers.
What percentage of the people read neither newspaper?(CTS)
a) 10%. b) 15%. c) 20%. d) 25%.

Solution:

40% read newspaper X

50% read newspaper Y and out of this 10% read both X and Y
That means X alone is read by 30%,
Y alone is read by 40%
Both are read by 10%
People who read X alone + People who read Y alone + People who read both X and Y = 30% + 40% +
10% = 80%
This means the balance 20% don't read either of the newspapers.
2. In a metropolitan city 25% neither watch TV news nor read newspaper, 35% read a newspaper
and 20% read a newspaper and watch the news on television also. What percent of people watch
Television?
a)55% b) 60% c) 50% d) 40%

Solution:

Let X% of people watch television.

People who read Newspaper – 35%
People who watch TV as well as read newspaper – 20%
From Venn diagram, we can infer that people who watch Television alone = (X-20)%
People who read Newspaper alone = 35% - 20% = 15%
People who neither watch TV nor newspaper is given as 25%.
This means, people who watch either TV or Newspaper or Both = 100 - 25 = 75%
Also this 75% will be equal to People who watch TV alone + People who read Newspaper alone + People
who watch TV and read Newspaper
Or 75% = (X-20)% + 15% + 20%
Or X = 60%

3. Out of the total of 200 musicians in Rehman Music club, 10% can play all the three instruments-
guitar, violin and flute. The number of musicians who can play any two and only two of the above
instruments is 70. The number of musicians who can play the guitar alone is 80. What is the total
number of those who can play violin alone or flute alone?
a) 20 b) 30 c) 40 d) 50

Solution:
Number of people who can play all the three instruments = 10% of 200 = (10/100)200 = 20 (people in pink
colored area)
Musicians who can play any two and only two of the three instruments - 70 (Sum of people in grey colored
areas)
Number of musicians who can play Guitar alone = 80
Number of musicians who can play violin alone or flute alone = Sum of people in blue areas = 200 -170 =
30

4. A survey of 101 college students was taken to determine the musical styles they liked. Of those,
41 students listened to rock, 48 to classical, and 43 to jazz. Also, 18 students listened to rock and
jazz, 27 to rock and classical, and 27 to classical and jazz. Finally, 14 students listened to all 3
musical styles.
How many listened only to rock music?
How many listened to classical and jazz, but not rock?
How many listened to classical or jazz, but not rock?
How many listened to music in exactly one of the musical styles?
How many listened to music in exactly two of the musical styles?
How many did not listen to any of the musical styles?

Solution:
Total number of kids = 101
All 3 = 14
Rock and Jazz = 18 - 14 = 4
Rock and Classical = 27 - 14 = 13
Classical and Jazz = 27 - 14 = 13
Rock = 41 - 13 - 4 = 24
Jazz = 43 - 4 - 13 = 26
Classical = 27 - 13 - 13 =1
Listen to at least 1 Musical Style = 1 + 26 + 24 + 13 + 13 + 4 + 14 = 95
Do not listen to any = 101 - 95 = 6
Therefore,
Only rock – 24
Classical and Jazz – 13
Classical or Jazz = 13 + 1 + 26 = 40
Exactly 1 type = 1 + 26 + 24 = 51
Exactly 2 types = 13 + 13 + 4 = 30
None = 6

5. Stephen asked 100 coffee drinkers whether they like cream or sugar in their coffee. According to
the Venn diagram below, how many like
a) Cream?
b) Sugar?
c) Sugar but not cream?
d) Cream but not sugar?
e) Cream and sugar?
f) Cream or sugar?
Solution:

a) 16 + 20 = 36
b) 20 + 35 = 55
c) 35
d) 16
e) 20
f) 16 + 20 + 35 = 71

CLASSWORK PROBLEMS

6) Eon asked 60 students whether they listen to two popular radio stations, WROK and WRAP. He found
that 23 listen to WROK, 18 listen to WRAP, and 8 listen to both. How many students in Robert's survey
listen to
a) WROK but not WRAP
b) WRAP but not WROK
c) neither WROK nor WRAP

7) Oshkosh did a study of the colors used in African national flags. He found that 38 flags have red, 20
have blue, 13 have both red and blue, and 8 have neither red nor blue. How many flags
a. have red but not blue?
b. have blue but not red?
c. were included in the study? (SAIL)

8) Kroner asked 100 adults whether they had studied French, Spanish or Japanese in school. According to
the Venn diagram below, how many had studied
a. Spanish?
b. Spanish but not French?
c. Japanese but not French?
d. French and Spanish?
e. French or Spanish?
f. French and Spanish but not Japanese?

9) Coach Krutch offered to buy hot dogs for players on his team. Of the 44 players, 28 wanted ketchup, 20
wanted mustard, 14 wanted relish, 10 wanted ketchup and mustard, 11 wanted ketchup and relish, 8
wanted mustard and relish and 6 wanted all three condiments. How many players wanted
a. Ketchup only?
b. Mustard but not relish?
c. Relish but not mustard?
d. Ketchup and mustard but not relish?
e. Relish and mustard but not ketchup?
f. None of the three condiments?

10) In a class of 50 students, 18 take Chorus, 26 take Band, and 2 take both Chorus and Band. How many
students in the class are not enrolled in either Chorus or Band? (ORACLE)

11) In a school of 320 students, 85 students are in the band, 200 students are on sports teams, and 60
students participate in both activities. How many students are involved in either band or sports?

12) A veterinarian surveys 26 of his patrons. He discovers that 14 have dogs, 10 have cats, and 5 have
fish. Four have dogs and cats, 3 have dogs and fish, and one has a cat and fish. If no one has all three
kinds of pets, how many patrons have none of these pets?

13) A guidance counselor is planning schedules for 30 students. Sixteen students say they want to take
French, 16 want to take Spanish, and 11 want to take Latin. Five say they want to take both French and
Latin, and of these, 3 wanted to take Spanish as well. Five want only Latin, and 8 want only Spanish. How
many students want French only? (ICICI)

14) Out of forty students, 14 are taking English Composition and 29 are taking Chemistry. If five students
are in both classes, how many students are in neither class? How many are in either class? What is the
probability that a randomly-chosen student from this group is taking only the Chemistry class?

15) A school has 63 students studying Physics, Chemistry and Biology. 33 study Physics, 25 Chemistry
and 26 Biology. 10 study Physics and Chemistry, 9 study Biology and Chemistry while 8 study both Physics
and Biology. Equal numbers study all three subjects as those who learn none of the three.
i. How many study all the three subjects?
ii. How many study only one of the three subjects?

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS
 4. CUBES AND CUBOID

DICES:

Dices are three dimensional figures, which can be either cubes or cuboids.
There are 6 faces in the cube - ABCG, GCDE, DEFH, BCDH, AGEF and ABHF. Always four faces are
adjacent to one face. Opposite of ABCG is DEFH and so on. CDEG is the upper face of the cube and
ABHF is the bottom of the cube. The labeling of the six faces of the dice can be done as follows:

CUBES AND CUBOIDS:

In a cube or a cuboid there are six surfaces, 8 corners and 12 edges in each.
In a cube length, breadth and height are same while in cuboid these are different.
In a cube the number of unit cubes = (side) 3.
In cuboid the number of unit cube = (l x b x h).

If a cube is painted its surfaces with a same/ different color

n = (side of big cube/ side of small cube)
the No. of pieces of smaller cubes with 3 surfaces painted = number of corners = 8
the No. of pieces of smaller cubes with two surfaces painted = (n – 2) * number of edges = ( n - 2 ) * 12
the No. of pieces of smaller cubes with one surface painted = (n- 2)2 * number of surfaces = ( n- 2)2 * 6
No. of pieces of smaller cubes with no surface painted = ( n - 2 ) 3

Generally paintings of the big cube can be classified as:

 All the surfaces of the cube with the same color.
 All surfaces of the cube with different colors.
 Two pairs of opposite surfaces of the cube are painted.
 Only one pair of opposite surfaces of the cube is painted.
 Two pairs of adjacent surfaces of the cube are painted.
 One pair of adjacent surfaces of the cube is painted.

SOLVED PROBLEMS
1. Choose the box that is similar to the box formed from the given sheet of paper (X).

Explanation:
The figure (X) is similar to the Form V. So, when the sheet in figure (X) is folded to form a cube, then the
face bearing a dot appears opposite to a blank face, the face bearing a '+' sign appears opposite to another
blank face and the face bearing a circle appears opposite to the third blank face. Clearly, all the four cubes
shown in figures (1), (2), (3) and (4) can be formed.

2. A cube is cut in two equal parts along a plane parallel to one of its faces. One piece is then
coloured red on the two larger faces and green on the remaining, while the other is coloured green
on two smaller adjacent faces and red on the remaining. Each is then cut into 32 cubes of same size
and mixed up. How many cubes have only one colored face each?(IBM)
Explanation:

8 from (I) and 8 from (II)

Therefore 8 from each.
Directions: A wooden cube of side 4cm has been painted with different colors. The two opposite
surfaces are painted red, the other two with green color. Out of the remaining two surfaces, one is
painted white and the other is painted black. Now the cube is cut into 64 equal cubes.

3. How many cubes have only green color?

A)16 B)12 C)4 D)8

Explanation:

Total cubes 4x4x4 =64

Only green =8 Red/green/white=4 Green and black =4
Only white =4 Red/green/black=4 Green and white=4
Only Red =8 Red and black=4 Green and red=8
Only Black =4 Red and white=4 No color=8

4. How many cubes have three colors red, green and white?
A)2 B)4 C)8 D)12
Answer: Option B

5. How many cubes have only two colors, red and black?
A)4 B)12 C)6 D)2
Answer: Option A

6. Two positions of a dice are shown below: When 2 is at the bottom, what number will be at the
top? (UST GLOBAL)

A)6 B)4 C)1 D)5

Explanation:
Number 3 is common to both the figures (i) and (ii). The dice in the figure (ii) is assumed to be rotated so
that 3 remains on the FR-RH face (i.e. face I as per activity 1) and the numbers 5 and 2 move to the faces
hidden behind the numbers 6 and 1 respectively [in fig. (i)]. Thus, the combined figure will have 3 on FR-RH
face (i.e. face I), 5 on RR-RH face (i.e. face II), 2 on Bottom face (i.e. face VI), 1 on the Top face (i.e. face
V) and 6 on FR-LH face (i.e. face IV). Clearly, 2 lies opposite 1. Hence, when 2 is at the bottom, then 1 will
be at the top.

CLASSWORK PROBLEMS

7. A 4 cm cube is cut into 1 cm cubes. The total surface area of all the small cubes is :
A) 96 cm2 B) 24 cm2 C) 384 cm2 D) None

8. How many points will be on the face opposite to in face which contains 2 points?

a. 1 b. 5 c. 4 d. 6

9. From the four positions of a dice given below, find the color which is opposite to yellow?

a. Violet b. Red c. Rose d. Blue

10. Two positions of a dice are shown below. Which number will appear on the face opposite to the face
with the number 5?

a. 2/6 b. 2 c. 6 d. 4

Directions for questions 11 to 13: Six dice with upper faces erased are as shows.

The sum of the numbers of dots on the opposite face is 7.

11. If even numbered dice have even number of dots on their top faces, then what would be the total
number of dots on the top faces of their dice?(ARICENT)
a. 12 b. 14 c. 18 d. 24

12. If the odd numbered dice have even number of dots on their top faces, then what would be the total
number of dots on the top faces of their dice?
a. 8 b. 10 c. 12 d. 14
13. If dice (I), (II) and (III) have even number of dots on their bottom faces and the dice (IV), (V) and
(VI) have odd number of dots on their top faces, then what would be the difference in the total
number of top faces between their two sets?
a. 0 b. 2 c. 4 d. 6

Directions for questions 14 to 17: The following questions are based on the information given below:
1. There is a cuboid whose dimensions are 4 x 3 x 3 cm.
2. The opposite faces of dimensions 4 x 3 are colored yellow.
3. The opposite faces of other dimensions 4 x 3 are colored red.
4. The opposite faces of dimensions 3 x 3 are colored green.
5. Now the cuboid is cut into small cubes of side 1 cm.

14. How many small cubes will have only two faces colored?
a. 12 b. 24 c. 16 d. 14

15. How many small cubes have three faces colored?

a. 24 b. 20 c. 16 d. 8

16. How many small cubes will have no face colored?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 8

17. How many small cubes will have only one face colored?
a. 10 b. 12 c. 14 d. 18

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS

18. A cube is painted yellow on all sides. It is then cut into 64 cubes of equal size. How many of these
smaller cubes are painted on one side only?

19. The following figures show the same dice in different positions. How many dots are contained on the
face opposite to that containing four dots? (WIPRO TECHNOLOGIES)

Directions: A cube having volume 216 cm3 is painted red on two opposite sides, black on other two
opposite sides, and green on the remaining two sides. It is then cut into cubes with sides of one cm each.
Answer the following question based on the above statement.

20. How many cubes have no side painted?

21. How many cubes have just one side painted?

22. How many cubes have three sides painted?

23. How many cubes have only two or three sides painted?
24. How many cubes have one side black?

25. In a dice, a, b, c, and d are written on the adjacent faces in a clockwise order and e and f are at the top
and bottom of the cube. When c is at the top, what will be at the bottom? (CTS)

26. Study the three different positions of a cube given below and answer the question. Which number
appears on the face opposite to the one having a 2?

27. Study the three different positions of a cube given below and answer the question. The number on the
face opposite to the face having a 6 is?
 5. PUZZLES

Puzzles are dealt in a detailed manner with certain solutions. Puzzle name at the top of each problem will
give a brief idea regarding the mode of application.

SOLVED EXAMPLES

1. There is a 50m long army platoon marching ahead. The last person in the platoon wants to give a
letter to the first person leading the platoon. So while the platoon is marching he runs ahead,
reaches the first person and hands over the letter to him and without stopping he runs and comes
back to his original position. In the mean time the whole platoon has moved ahead by 50m. The
question is how much distance did the last person cover in that time? (Assuming that he ran the
whole distance with uniform speed) (BHEL)

Solution:
The last person covered 120.71 meters.
It is given that the platoon and the last person moved with uniform speed. Also, they both moved for the
identical amount of time. Hence, the ratio of the distance they covered - while person moving forward and
backward - are equal.
Let's assume that when the last person reached the first person, the platoon moved X meters forward.
Thus, while moving forward the last person moved (50+X) meters whereas the platoon moved X meters.
Similarly, while moving back the last person moved [50-(50-X)] X meters whereas the platoon moved (50-
X) meters.
Now, as the ratios are equal, (50+X)/X = X/(50-X)
(50+X)*(50-X) = X*X
Solving, X=35.355 meters
Thus, total distance covered by the last person = (50+X) + X
= 2*X + 50
= 2*(35.355) + 50 = 120.71 meters
Note that at first glance, one might think that the total distance covered by the last person is 100 meters, as
he ran the total length of the platoon (50 meters) twice. TRUE, but that's the relative distance covered by
the last person i.e. assuming that the platoon is stationary.
2. A contractor had employed 100 laborers for a flyover construction task. He did not allow any
woman to work without her husband. Also, at least half the men working came with their wives. He
paid five rupees per day to each man, four rupees to each woman and one rupee to each child. He
gave out 200 rupees every evening. How many men, women and children were working with the
constructor?

Solution:
Let's assume that there were X men, Y women and Z children working with the constructor.
Hence, X + Y + Z = 100
5X + 4Y + Z = 200
Eliminating X and Y in turn from these equations, we get
X = 3Z - 200
Y = 300 - 4Z
As if woman works, her husband also works and at least half the men working came with their wives; the
value of Y lies between X and X/2. Substituting these limiting values in equations, we get if Y = X,
300 - 4Z = 3Z - 200
7Z = 500
Z = 500/7 i.e. 71.428
If Y = X/2,
300 - 4Z = (3Z - 200)/2
600 - 8Z = 3Z - 200
11Z = 800
Z = 800/11 i.e. 72.727
But Z must be an integer, hence Z=72. Also, X=16 and Y=12
There were 16 men, 12 women and 72 children working with the constructor.

3. There is a safe with a 5 digit number as the key. The 4th digit is 4 greater than the second digit,
while the 3rd digit is 3 less than the 2nd digit. The 1st digit is thrice the last digit. There are 3 pairs
whose sum is 11. Find the number.

Solution:
As per given conditions, there are three possible combinations for 2nd, 3rd and 4th digits.
They are (3, 0, 7) or (4, 1, 8) or (5, 2, 9)
It is given that there are 3 pairs whose sum is 11. All possible pairs are (2, 9), (3, 8), (4, 7), (5, 6). Now
required number is 5 digit number and it contains 3 pairs of 11. So it must not be having 0 and 1 in it.
Hence, the only possible combination for 2nd, 3rd and 4th digits is (5, 2, 9)
Also, 1st digit is thrice the last digit. The possible combinations are (3, 1), (6, 2) and (9, 3), out of which only
(6, 2) with (5, 2, 9) gives 3 pairs of 11. Hence, the answer is 65292.

4. A person travels on a cycle from home to church on a straight road with wind against him. He
took 4 hours to reach there. On the way back to the home, he took 3 hours to reach as wind was in
the same direction. If there is no wind, how much time does he take to travel from home to church?

Solution:
Let distance between home and church is D.
A person took 4 hours to reach church. So speed while travelling towards church is D/4.
Similarly, he took 3 hours to reach home. So speed while coming back is D/3.
There is a speed difference of 7*D/12, which is the wind helping person in 1 direction, & slowing him in the
other direction. Average the 2 speeds, & you have the speed that person can travel in no wind, which is
7*D/24.
Hence, person will take D / (7*D/24) hours to travel distance D which is 24/7 hours.
Answer is 3 hours 25 minutes 42 seconds

5. If a bear eats 65 pounds in fish every day EXCEPT every 6th day which it only eats 45 pounds of
fish. If the bear continues this, how many pounds of fish will it eat in 200 days? (POLARIS)

Solution:
It is given that on every 6th day bear eats 45 pounds of fish i.e. on day number 6, 12, 18, 24,.... 192, 198
the bear eats 45 pounds of fish.
Total number of 6th days = 200/6 = 33 (the bear eats 45 pounds)
Hence, the normal days are = 200 - 33 = 167 (the bear eats 65 pounds)
Thus, in 200 days, the bear will eat = (167) * (65) + (33) * (45)
= 10855 + 1485
= 12,340 pounds

CLASSWORK PROBLEMS

6. If 53 – 34 = 5334
65 – 46 = 6456
75 – 24 = ?
A) 7524 B) 7452 C) 7542 D) 7254 E) None of these

7. Read the following statements & then answer the questions below
(i) A, B, C, D & E are five friends.
(ii) In order each has twenty rupees more than the next & their total money is 700.
(iii) E gives Rs 20 / - to each
(iv) One-third of whatever is now with D is distributed equally to others.
(v) 40 % of money with C is equally given to A & B.
(vi) B gives Rs 100 / - to be equally given to A & B.
(vii) A gives Rs 20 / - to everyone.
a) How many rupees are left with A?
b) What must be added to the amount left with B, so that he has his original amt?
c) The money left with C has been ____ by ____ amt.
d) The money left with E has been ____by ___amt.
e) The money left with D is ____.

8) 274029: 294231:: 314433: ____?

9) If 9 3 9 = 12 ; 8 2 8 = 12; 6 3 6 = _________?

10) After plucking a certain number of fruits in a garden of visitor has to trace back three gates, he has to
offer half the no. of fruits in his possession and as a sense of gratitude, the guard at each gate will return
one fruit to him. When the visitor, came out of the garden, he possessed the same no. of fruits as he had
gathered from the tree. If so, he has plucked _____ fruits. (RAMCO SYSTEMS)

11) How many triangles are there in the following figure?

12) How many straight lines are there in the figure? (L & T INFOTECH)

13) If 20 * 2 = 20; 25 * 4 = 50; 30 * 5 = 75; then, 30 * 8 = _____?

A) 220 B) 270 C) 500 D) 600 E) None

14) Can you tender a one rupee note in such a manner that there shall be total 50 coins but none of them
would be 2 paisa coins?

15) A monkey starts climbing up a tree 20ft. tall. Each hour, it hops 3ft. and slips back 2ft. How much time
would it take the monkey to reach the top? (HCL TECHNOLOGIES)

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS

16) 12 + 10 = 1205
11 + 8 = 885
then, 14 + 15 =?

17) 1920: 2930:: 2223: ________?

18) How many squares are there in the following figure?

19) The no of figures in the below figure?

20) How many triangles and parallelogram are there in the given figure?
21. If 6 * 2 = 31, 8 * 4 = 42, 2 * 2 = 11, 6 * 6 = 33, 8 * 6 = _________?

22. If 7 + 2 = 59, 5 + 3 = 28, 9 + 1 = 810, 2 + 1 = 13, 5 + 4 = _________? (ACCENTURE)

23. One dog tells the other that there are two dogs in front of me. The other one also shouts that he too had
two behind him. How many are they?

24. A man ate 100 bananas in five days, each day eating 6 more than the previous day. How many
bananas did he eat on the first day?

25. If it takes five minutes to boil one egg, how long will it take to boil four eggs? (BSNL)
 6. BLOOD RELATIONS

The questions which are asked in this section depend upon Relation. You should have a sound knowledge
of the blood relation in order to solve the questions.
To remember easily the relations may be divided into two sides as given below:

Relations of Paternal side:

1. Father's father → Grandfather
2. Father's mother → Grandmother
3. Father's brother → Uncle
4. Father's sister → Aunt
5. Children of uncle → Cousin
6. Wife of uncle → Aunt
7. Children of aunt → Cousin
8. Husband of aunt → Uncle

Relations of Maternal side:

1. Mother's father → Maternal grandfather
2. Mother's mother → Maternal grandmother
3. Mother's brother Maternal uncle
4. Mother's sister → Aunt
5. Children of maternal uncle → Cousin
6. Wife of maternal uncle → Maternal aunt

The standard definitions of relations are given below

A/An ß is related to a PERSON as ß

Grandfather The father of his/her mother or father
Grandmother The mother of his/her mother or father
Grandson The son of his/her daughter/son
Granddaughter The daughter of his/her daughters/son
Uncle The brother of his/her mother or father
Aunt The sister of his/her mother or father
 Nephew The son of his/her brother or sister
Cousin The son or daughter of his/her aunt of uncle
Niece The daughter of his/her brother or sister
Spouse as her husband or his wife
Father-in-law the father of his/her spouse
Mother-in-law the mother of his/her spouse
Sister-in-law the sister of his/her spouse
Brother-in-law the brother of his/her spouse
Son-in-law the spouse of his/her daughter
Daughter-in-law the spouse of his/her son

Relations from one generation to next:

SOLVED PROBLEMS
1. If A + B means A is the mother of B; A x B means A is the father of B; A $ B means A is the
brother of B and A @ B means A is the sister of B then which of the following means P is the son of
Q? (INFOSYS)
(A) Q + R @ P @ N (B) Q + R * P @ N (C) Q x R $ P @ N (D) Q x R $ P $ N

Solution:
Q x R = Q is the mother of R [-Q, ±R]
R $ P = R is the brother of P [+ R, ±P]
P $ N = P is the brother of N [+ P, ±N]
Therefore P is the son of Q.

2. A has 3 children. B is the brother of C and C is the sister of D, E who is the wife of A is the mother
of D. There is only one daughter of the husband of E. what is the relation between D and B?
Solution:
Therefore, D is a boy because there is only one daughter of E.
Hence, B is the brother of D.

3. Pointing to a photograph, Rekha says to Lalli, "The girl in the photo is the second daughter of the
wife of only son of the grandmother of my younger sister." How this girl of photograph is related to
Rekha?

Solution:
1. Grandmother of younger sister of Rekha → Grandmother of Rekha
2. Wife of only son of grandmother → Mother of Rekha
3. Younger daughter of the mother → Younger sister.

4. Pointing to a photograph, a man said, “I have no brother or sister but that man’s father is my
father’s son.” Whose photograph was it? (i-NAUTIX)
A. His own B. His son’s C. His father’s D. His nephew’s

Solution:
Since the narrator has no brother, his father’s son is he himself. So, the man who is talking is the father of
the man in the photograph in his son.

5. Pointing to Ketan, Namrata said, “He is the son of my father’s only son.” How is Ketan’s mother
related to Namrata?
(1) Daughter (2) Aunt
(3) Sister (4) Sister-in-law
(5) None of these

Solution:
Namrata’s father’s only son—Namrata’s bother. So, Ketan is the son of Namrata’s brother. Thus, Ketan’s
mother is the wife of Namrata’s brother i.e. Namrata’s sister-in-law.

CLASSWORK PROBLEMS
6. Anil introduces Rohit as the only brother of his father’s wife. How is Rohit related to Anil?
A. Cousin B. Son C. Uncle D. Brother

7. Pointing towards a person in a photograph, Anjali said, “He is the only son of the father of my sister’s
brother.” How is that person related to Anjali?
A. Mother B. Father C. Maternal uncle D. None of these

8. Pointing to a man, a woman said, “His mother is the only daughter of my mother. “ How is the woman
related to the man? (CTS)
A. Mother B. Daughter C. Grandmother D. Sister
Directions: There are six persons A, B, C, D, E and F.C is the sister of F.B is the brother of E's husband. D
is the father of A and grandfather of F. There are two fathers, three brothers and a mother in the group.

9. Who is the mother?

a) A b)B c)D d)E

10. Who is E's husband?

a)B b)C c)A d)F

11. How many male members are there in the group?

a)one b)two c)three d)four

12. How is F related to E?

a)uncle b)husband c)son d)daughter

13. Which of the following is a group of brothers?

a)ABF b)ABD c)BFC d)BDF

14. If A + B means A is the sister of B; A - B means A is the brother of B; A X B means A is the daughter of
B, which of the following shows the relation that E is the maternal uncle of D?
a. D + F x E b. D - F x E c. D x F + E d. D x F – E

15. If P +Q means P is the brother of Q; P - Q means P is the mother of Q and P XQ means P is the sister
of Q, which of the following shows the relation that M is the maternal uncle of R?
a. M + K - R b. M - K + R c. M + K + R d. M + K X R

Directions: Amit is the son of Rahul. Sarika, Rahul's sister has a son Sonu and a daughter Rita.
Raja is the maternal uncle of Sonu. (CATERPILLAR)

16. How is Amit related to sonu?

a)Nephew b)Cousin(brother) c)uncle d)brother e)none of these

17. How is rita related to raja?

a)sister b)daughter c)niece d)aunt e)none of these

18. How many nephews does raja have?

a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4 e)none

19. What is the relationship of Raja with Rita?

a)uncle b)brother c)maternal uncle d)nephew e)cannot be determined

Directions:
 There are six persons S1, S2, S3, S4, S5 and S6
 S3 is the sister of S6
 S2 is the brother of S5's husband
 S4 is the father of S1 and grandfather of S6.
 There are 2 fathers, one mother and 3 brothers in the family

21. Who is S5's husband?

a)S2 b)S3 c)S1 d)S4 e)S6

22. Who is the mother?

a)S1 b)S2 c)S3 d)S5 e)cannot be determined

23. How many male members are there?

a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4 e)cannot be determined

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS

Directions: Mr and Mrs.Sharma have two children Asha and Shashi. Shashi married Radha, daughter of
Mrs.Mahajan. Suresh, son of Mrs Mahajan married Rita. Sonu and Rocky are born to Suresh and Rita.
Uma and Sudha are the daughters of Shashi and Radha. (SYNTEL)

24. What is Sudha's relation to Asha?

a) Sister b)niece c)Aunt d)Daughter e)none of these

25. How is Sonu related to Mr Mahajan?

a)son in law b)sib c)grandson d)none of these e)cannot be determined

26. How is Asha related to Radha?

a)mother in law b)aunt c)sister in law d)niece e)none of the above

27. What is the surname of sonu?

a)Mahajan b)sharma c)shashi d)cannot be determined e)none

28. How is suresh related to sudha?

a)brother b)maternal uncle c)uncle d)cousin e)cannot be determined

29. A and B are two brothers. C and D are sisters. A’s son is D’s brother. How is B related to C?
A. Father B. Brother C. Grandfather D. Uncle

30. A and B are married couple. X and Y are brothers. X is the brother of A. How is Y related to B?
A. Brother-in-law B. Brother C. Cousin D. None of these

31. Daya has a brother Anil. Daya is the son of Chandra, Bimal is Chandra s father. In terms of relationship,
what is Anil of Bimal?
A. Son B. Grandson C. Brothers D. Grandfather

32. A is father of C and D is son of B. E is brother of A. If C is sister of D, how is B related to E? (IBM)

A. Daughter B. Brother-in-law C. Husband D. Sister-in-law
 7. SEATING ARRANGEMENT AND ORDERING

In this type of questions, some clues regarding seating or placing (linear/ circular) of some persons or items
is given. For example, Musical chairs is a game played by a group of people (usually children), often in an
informal setting purely for entertainment such as a birthday party. The game starts with any number of
players and a number of chairs one fewer than the number of players; the chairs are arranged in a circle (or
other closed figure if space is constrained; a double line is sometimes used) facing outward, with the
people standing in a circle just outside of that.

"Playing musical chairs" is also a metaphorical way of describing any activity where items or people are
repeatedly and usually pointlessly shuffled among various locations. In this way eating arrangement on a
round table can be best understood. The candidate is required to form the paper sequence using these
clues and answer the questions accordingly.

SOLVED PROBLEMS

1) Eight books are kept one over the other counting from the top the second, fifth and sixth books
are on plays. Two books on plays are between two books on composition. One book of plays is
between two books on poetry. While the book at the top of the book of literature is a book of
composition .Which book is fourth from the top?
(a) plays (b) poetry (c) composition (d)literature

Solution:
We analyze the given information as follows :
Let C denote 'composition' , P denote 'plays' , Po denote 'poetry' and L denote 'literature'.
12345678
_P__PP__
___CPPC_
Po P Po _ _ _ _ _
______CL
So the arrangement becomes:
12345678
Po P Po C P P C L
Clearly the fourth book from the top is on composition. So the answer is (c).
Directions: Six persons A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting in two rows, three in each.
E is not at the end of any row
D is second to the left of F.
C the neighbor of E, is sitting diagonally opposite to D.
B is the neighbor of F

2. Which of the following are sitting diagonally opposite to each other?

(a) F and C (b) D and A (c) A and C (d) A and F (e) A and B

3. Who is facing B?
(a) A (b) C (c) D (d) E (e) F

4. Which of the following are in same row?

(a)A and E (b) E and D (c) C and B (d) A and B (e) C and E

5. Which of the following are in one of the two rows?

(a) FBC (b) CEB (c) DBF (d) AEF (e) ABF

6. After interchanging seat with E, who will be the neighbors of D in the new position?
(a) C and A (b) F and B (c) only B (d) only A (e) only C

Solution:
The given information can be analyzed as follows:
E is not at end so; E must be in the middle of one of the rows.
D is second to the left of F so, order of rows must be D_F.
C is neighbor of E and is sitting diagonally opposite to D means
C is under F in the other row i.e. D _ F _ E C.
B is neighbor of F, s the arrangement must be D B F A E C.

2. Other than D and C, A and F are sitting diagonally opposite to each other, as seen in the arrangement.
So the answer is (d).
3. Clearly, E is opposite to B in the other row. So, E is facing B and the answer is (d).
4. Clearly, from amongst the given alternatives, A and E are in the same row .So the answer is (d).
5. Clearly, from amongst the given alternatives, D,B and F are in the same row. So, the answer is (c).
6. Clearly, neighbors of E are A and C. So, on interchanging the seat with E, the new neighbors of D will be
A and C. So the answer is (a).

Directions: (1) Six friends A, B, C, D, E and F are sitting in a closed circle facing the center.
(2)E is to the left of D.
(3)C is between A and B.
(4)F is between E and A.

7. Who is to the left of B?

(a) A (b) C (c) D (d) E (e) none of these

8. Who is to the right of C?

(a) A (b) B (c) D (d) E (e) F
9. Which of the above given statements is superfluous?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) none of these

Solution:
Clearly, in the circle this arrangement is as shown
D
B E
C F
A
7. Clearly, D is the left of B. So the answer is (c).
8. Clearly, A is to the right of C. So the answer is (a).
9. Since all the statements are necessary to determine the arrangement none of them is superfluous. So
the answer is (e).

CLASSWORK PROBLEMS

Directions:
a. The letters A, B, C, D, E, F and G, not necessarily in that order, stand for seven consecutive
integers from 1 to 10
b. D is 3 less than A
c. B is the middle term
d. F is as much less than B as C is greater than D
e. G is greater than F

10. The fifth integer is?

(a) A (b) C (c) D (d) E (e) F

11. A is as much greater than F as which integer is less than G?

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) E

12. If A = 7, the sum of E and G is?

(a) 8 (b) 10 (c) 12 (d) 14 (e) 16

13. A - F =?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 (e) Cannot be determined

14. An integer T is as much greater than C as C is greater than E. T can be written as A + E. What is D?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) Cannot be determined

15. The greatest possible value of C is how much greater than the smallest possible value of D?
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 6

16) Four girls are sitting on a bench to be photographed. Shikha is to the left of Reena Manju is to the right
of Reena. Rita is between Reena and Manju. Who would be second from the left in the photograph?
A. Reena B. Shikha C. Manju D. Rita E. A and B
17. There are five different houses, A to E in a row. A is to the right of B and E is to the left of C and right of
A. B is to the right of D. Which of the houses is in the middle? (ARICENT)
A. A B. C C. D D. E E. F

18. Five children are sitting in a row. S is sitting next to P but not T. is sitting next to R who is sitting on
extreme left and T is not sitting next to K. Who are sitting adjacent to S?
A. K and P B. R and P C. only C D. P and T E. C and E

19. Five girls are sitting in a row; Rashi is not adjacent to Sulekha or Abha. Anuradha is not adjacent to
Sulekha. Rashi is adjacent to Monika. Monika is at the middle in the row. Then, Anuradha is adjacent to
whom out of the following? (WIPRO TECHNOLOGY)
A. Rashi B. Sulekha C. Abha D. Monika E. Cannot be determined

20. In a march past, seven persons are standing in a row. Q is standing left to R but right to P.O is standing
right to N and left to P. Similarly, S is standing right to R and left to T. Find out who is standing in middle
A. P B. Q C. R D. O E. Only C

Directions: In a class there are seven students (including boys and girls) A, B, C, D, E, F and G. They sit
on three benches I, II and III. Such that at least two students on each bench and at least one girl on each
bench. C, who is a girl student, does not sit with A, E and D. F the boy student sits with only B. A sits on
bench I with his best friends. G sits on the bench III. E is the brother of C. (INFOSYS)

21. How many girls are there out of these 7 students?

A. 3 B. 3 or 4 C. 4 D. Data inadequate

22. Which of the following is the group of girls?

A. BAC B. BFC C. BCD D. CDF

23. Who sits with C?

A.B B.D C.G D.E

24. On which bench there are three students?

A. Bench I B. Bench II C. Bench III D. Bench I or II

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS

Directions: Six girls are sitting in a circle facing to the centre of the circle. They are P, Q, R, S, T and V. T
is not between Q and S but some other one. P is next to the left of V. R is 4th to the right of P.

25. Which of the following statement is not true?

A. S is just next to the right to R B. T is just next to the right of V
C. R is second to the left of T D. P is second to the right of R

26. If P and R interchange their positions then which of the following pair will sit together?
A.RT B.PV C.VR D.QV
27. What is the position of T?
A. Just next to the right of Q B. Second to the left of P
C. Between Q and R D. To the immediate right of V

28. Which one is sitting just right to the V?

A.P B.T C.R D.S/Q

Directions: 8 persons E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L are seated around a square table - two on each side.
There are 3 ladies who are not seated next to each other.
J is between L and F.
G is between I and F.
H, a lady member is second to the left of J.
F, a male member is seated opposite to E, a lady member.
There is a lady member between F and I.

29. Who among the following is to the immediate left of F?

A.G B.I C.J D.H

30. What is true about J and K?

A. J is male, K is female B. J is female, K is male
C. Both are female D. Both are male

31. How many persons are seated between K and F?

A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4

32. Who among the following are three lady members?

A. E, H and J B. E, F and G
C. E, H and G D. C, H and J

33. Who among the following is seated between E and H?

A.F B.I C.K D. Cannot be determined

Directions:
a. A, B, C, D E, F and G are sitting around the circle and are facing the center
b. G is 2nd to the left of C, who is to the immediate left of F.
c. A is 3rd to the left of E.
d. B is between D and E.

34) Which of the following is true?

a. B is 2nd to the right of G b. D is 2nd to the left of E c. A is to the immediate right of G
d. C is 4th to left of B e. None of these.

35) Which of the following is false?

a. F is 3rd to the right of D b. B is to the immediate left of D c. G is to the immediate right of D
d. A is 4th to the right of E. e. None of these

36) Which of the following is the position of F?

a. To the immediate left of C b. 4th to the right of D c. Between A and E
d. To the immediate right of A e. None of these

37) Which of the following pairs has the 1st person sitting to the immediate left of the 2nd person?
a. BE b. GD c. CA d. DG e. None of these
 8. DIRECTION SENSE

These questions are designed to test candidate’s ability to sense direction. Questions on direction are
simpler than other questions if student possesses the right knowledge of the directions. Confusion is
created in the question by giving frequent right and left turns to a specific direction. Students are therefore
advised to use the diagram as given in the figure for the purpose of sensing direction.

The Adjoining figures show the four main directions (North N, South S, East E, West W) and Four cardinal
directions (North East NE, North West NW, South East SE, South West SW) to help the candidates
know the directions.

SOLVED PROBLEMS

Study the following information and answer the questions given below:
On a playing ground, Dev Kumar, Nilesh, Ankur and Pintu are standing as directed below, facing
the north:
I. Kumar is 40m to the right of Ankur
II. Dev is 60 m to the south of Kumar
III. Nilesh is 25 m to the west of Ankur
IV. Pintu is 90 m to the North of Dev
1. Who is the North-East of the person, who is to the left of Kumar?
a) Nilesh b) Ankur c) Dev
d) Either Nilesh or Dev e) None of these

2. If a boy walks from Nilesh, meets Ankur followed by Kumar, Dev and then Pintu, how many
meters has he walked if he has traveled the straight distance all through?
a) 215 m b) 155 m c) 245 m
d) 185 m e) None of these

Solution:
Draw a figure following the direction diagram given above. From the figure, it is very clear that person to the
left of Kumar is Ankur and Pintu is to the North-East of Ankur. Therefore, the answer of first question is
Pintu. Since Pintu is not there in any of the options, mark (e).

For the second question, following the instructions as given in the question 2, the total distance covered by
the person is
25 + 40 + 60 + 90 = 215

3. A person starts from his house and goes 2 meters towards east, then turns towards right and
goes 25 meters and again goes towards east travelling 15 meters and then turns left and travels for
18 meters. He then goes towards east and travels 7 meters. How far is he from his house? (ICICI)

Solution:
The total distance travelled horizontally is equal to 2 + 15 + 7 = 24 meters and the total distance travelled
vertically is 25 – 18 = 7 meters. Therefore, the total distance travelled will be equal to √(24² + 7²) = 25
meters.

4. A person travels 7 meters towards east, then he turns right and travels 2 meters; then travels 5
meters towards left and then proceeds 2 meters northwards and finally travels 2 meters
westwards. How far is he from his house in the vertical direction?

Solution:
The distance covered by the person in the north-south direction from his house is equal to 2 – 2 = 0 meters
(Please note that he has actually travelled 2 + 2 = 4 meters in the north-south direction but, of that distance,
since 2 meters is towards north and 2 meters towards south, effectively, he is 0 meters away from his
house in the north-south direction).

5. Starting from one location, a person travels a distance of 5 meters southwards, then travels a
distance of 7 meters leftwards, then travels 5 meters northwards and finally travels 6 meters
eastwards to reach a new location. What is the distance he travelled from his previous location?

Solution:
The distance travelled vertically is 5 – 5 = 0 meters and the distance travelled horizontally is equal to 7 + 6=
13 meters. Therefore, the distance travelled from his original location is also equal to 13 meters.
 CLASSWORK PROBLEMS
6. A river flows west to east and on the way turns left and goes in a semi-circle round a hillock, and then
turns left at right angles. In which direction is the river finally flowing?
A. West B. East C. North D. South

7. I am facing south. I turn right and walk 20 m. Then I right again and walk 10 m. Then i turn left and walk
10 m and then turning right walk 20 m. Then I turn right again and walk 60 m. In which direction am I from
the starting point? (TVS MOTORS)
A. North B. North-west C. East D. North-east

8. A rat runs 20 towards East and turns to right, runs 10 and turns to right, runs 9 and again turns to left,
runs 5 and then turns to left, runs 12 and finally turns to left and runs 6. Now, which direction is the rat
facing?
A. East B. West C. North D. South

9. Starting from a point P, Sachin walked 20 meters towards South. He turned left and walked 30 meters.
He then turned left and walked 20 meters. He again turned left and walked 40 meters and reached a point
Q. How far and in which direction in the point Q from the point P?
A. 20 m west B. 10 m east C. 10 m north D. None of these

10. Rohan walks a distance of 3 Km towards North, then turns to his left and walks for 2 Km. He again
turns left and walks for 3 Km. At this point he turns to his left and walks for 3km. How many kilometers is he
from the starting point?
A. 1 km B. 2 km C. 3 km D. 5 km

11. A man is facing south. He turns 135° in the anti clockwise direction and then 180° in the clockwise
direction. Which directions is he facing now? (INDIAN ARMY)
A. North-east B. North-west C. South-east D. South-west

12. Manick walked 40 meters towards North, took a left turn and walked 20 meters. He again took a left
turn and walked 40 meters. How far and in which direction is he from the starting point?
A. 20 m east B. 20 m north C. 100 m south D. None of these

13. Going 50 m to the south of her house, Radhika turns left and goes another 20 m. Then, turning to the
North, she goes 30 m and then starts walking to her house. In which direction is she walking now?
A. North-west B. North C. South-east D. East

14. Laxman went 15 kms to the west from my house, then turned left and walked 20 kms. He then returned
east and walked 25 kms and finally, turning left covered 20 kms. How far was he from his house?
A. 5 kms B. 10 kms C. 40 kms D. 80 kms

15. Amit walked 30 meters towards East, took a right turn and walked 40 meters. Then he took a left turn
and walked 30 meters. In which direction is he now from the starting point?
A. North-east B. East C. South-east D. South
 HOMEWORK PROBLEMS
16. A girl leaves from her home. She first walks 30 meters in North-west directions and then 30 meters in
South-west direction. Next, she walks 30 meters in the south-east direction. Finally, she turns towards her
house. In which direction is she moving? (ORACLE)
A. North-east B. North-west C. South-east D. South-west

17. Radha moves towards South-east, a distance of 7 Km, and then she moves towards West and travels a
distance of 14 m. From here, she moves towards North-west a distance of 7 m and finally she moves a
distance of 4 m towards East and stood at that point. How far is the starting point from where she stood?
A. 3 m B. 4 m C. 10 m D. 11 m

18. A man is facing north-west. He turns 90° in the clockwise direction and then 135° in the anti clockwise
direction. Which direction is he facing now?
A. East B. West C. North D. South

19. You go north, turn right, then right again and then go the left. In which direction are you now?
A. North B. South C. East D. West

20. Namita walks 14 meters towards west, then turns to her right and walks 14 meters and then turns to her
left and walks 10 meters. Again turning to her left she walks 14 meters. What is the shortest distance
between her starting point and the present position?
A. 10 B. 24 C. 28 D. 38

21. A walks 10 meters in front and 10 meters to the right. Then every time turning to his left, he walks 5, 15
and 15 meters respectively. How far is he now from his starting point?
A. 5 meters B. 10 meters C. 15 meters D. 20 meters

22. A man walks 30 meters towards South. Then I turn right again and walk 30 meters. Then, turning to his
left, he walks 20 meters. Again, he turns to his left and walks 30 meters. How far is he from his initial
position?
A. 20 meters B. 40 meters C. 60 meters D. None of these

23. Ramakant walks northwards. After a while, he turns to his right and a little further to his left. Finally,
after walking a distance of one kilometer, he turns to his left again. In which direction is he moving now?
A. North B. South C. East D. West

24. From his house, Lokesh went 15 kms to the North. Then he turned west and covered 10 kms. Then, he
turned south and covered 5 kms. Finally turning to East, he covered 10 kms. In which directions is he from
his house? (BHEL)
A. East B. West C. North D. South

25. Deepak starts walking straight towards east. After walking 75 meters, he turns to the left and walks 25
meters straight. Again he turns to the left, walks a distance of 40 meters straight, again he turns to the left
and walks a distance of 25 meters. How far is he from the starting point?
A. 25 meters B. 35 meters C. 50 meters D. 140 meters
 9. CODING AND DECODING

The term Coding-Decoding primarily relates with message sent in secret form which cannot be understood
by others easily. Coding, therefore, means rule or method used to hide the actual meaning of a word or
group of words and Decoding means the methods of making out the actual message that is disguised in
coding.

A Code is a system of Signals. Therefore, Coding is a method of transmitting a message between the
sender and receiver. Before transmitting, the data is encoded and at receiver side encode data is decoded
in order to obtain original data by determining common key in encoded data. The Coding and Decoding
Test is set up to judge the candidate’s ability. The Coding and Decoding is classified into seven types
according to the on what way it is doing. They are of different types:

 Type1: Letter Coding.

 Type2: Number Coding.
 Type3: Matrix Coding.
 Type4: Substitution.
 Type5: Mixed Letter Coding.
 Type6: Mixed Number Coding.
 Type7: Deciphering Individual Letter Codes by Analysis.

Cryptography, the art of creating or deciphering secret writing, is an ancient military process with a rich
history in the American military experience. U.S. coding and decoding expertise trailed that of European
nations, particularly Britain, until World War II, but America became the premier cryptographic power during
the Cold War and has maintained a lead in this field ever since. While military cryptography has been a
powerful tool for uniformed leaders in obtaining information about an enemy's capabilities, limitations, and
intentions, it is just as important to the commander in masking his own powers, vulnerabilities, and plans.

SOLVED EXAMPLES:

1. In a certain code, ‘37’ means ‘which class’ and ‘583’ means ‘caste and class’. What is the code
for ‘Caste’? (iGATE PATNI)
(a) 3 (b) 7 (c) 8 (d) Either 5 or 8
Solution:
In the both statements, the common code digit is 3 and common word is ‘class’ so ‘3’ means ‘class’. Thus
in the second statement, either 5 or 8 stands for ‘caste’.

2. In a certain code language, ‘dom pul ta’ means ‘bring hot food’; ‘pul fir sop’ means ‘food is good’
and ‘tak da sop’ means ‘good bright boy’, which of the following does mean ‘hot’ in that language?
(a) dom (b) pul (c) ta (d) can’t determined

Solution:
The code for ‘food’ from the first and second statements can be determined. To find the code for hot, we
need the code for ‘bring’ which cannot be determined from the given information.

3. In a certain code, 15789 is written as XTZAL and 2346 is written as NPSU. How is 23549 written in
that code?
(a) NPTSL (b) NPTUL (c) NBTSL (d) PNTSL

Solution:
The numbers coded as
1 5 7 8 9 2 3 4 6
X T Z A L N P S U
That is 2 as N, 3 as P, 5 as T, 4 as S and 9 as L. Thus 23549 coded as NPTSL.

4. If D = 4 and COVER = 63 then BASIS =? (HP)

(a) 55 (b) 54 (c) 50 (d) 49

Solution:
In the given code A = 1, B = 2, C = 3 … so that,
COVER = 3 + 15 + 22 + 5 + 18 = 63
BASIS = 2 + 1 + 19 + 9 + 19 = 50

5. In a certain code, SIKKIM is written as THLJJL. How is TRAINING written in that code?
(a) SQBHOHOH (b) UQBJOHHO (c) UQBHOHOF (d) UQBJOHOH

Solution:
The letters at the odd position are moved one step forward while the letters at the even positions are
moved one step back to get the corresponding letters of the code.

CLASSWORK PROBLEMS
6. In a code, CORNER is written as GSVRIV. How can CENTRAL be written in that code?
A. DFOUSBM B. GIRXVEP C. GNFJKER D. None of these

7. Which of the following words would correctly decode the word ZHOFRPH if the simple alphabet shifting
code is used?
A. ARTISTS B. COMPUTE C. MAILING D. MAILING
8. If people is coded as PLPOEE, how is trend coded? (STERIA)
A. TNERD B. DNERT C. NDETR D. TRDNE

9. In a code, CORNER is written as GSVRIV. How can CENTRAL be written in that code?
A. DFOUSBM B. GIRXVEP C. GNFJKER D. None of these

10. In a certain code, TRIPPLE is written as SQHOOKD. How is DISPOSE written in that code?
A. CHRONRD B. DSOESPI C. ESJTPTF D. ESOPSID

11. With the help of the below matrices, find the value of CORK among the options given below?

0 1 2 3 4
0 S T C A D
1 T A C S D
2 D S T C A
3 S D A T C
4 A C T D S

5 6 7 8 9
5 K B O R E
6 E B O K R
7 B O R E K
8 O E B K R
9 R K E O B

A) 33769096; B) 23855896; C) 12867796; D) 34869096

12. If x is +; < is - ; > is * ; + is ÷ ? ; ? ÷ is >; = is < ; - is =; Which of the following gives true relationship?
A) 3 * 2 < 4 ÷ 6 + 3 < 2 B) 3 + 2 < 4 ÷ 6 > 3 * 2 C) 3 + 2 * 4 = 6 + 3 < 2
D) 3 * 2 * 4 = 6 + 3 < 2 E) 3 = 2 + 4 > 6 + 3 < 2

13. In a certain coding system,

RBM STD BRO PUS = The cat is beautiful
TNH PUS DIM STD = The dog is Brown
PUS DIM BRO PUS CUS = The dog has the cat
What is the code for “has”? (CTS)

14. In a certain coding system,

816321 = The brown dog frightened the cat
64851 = The frightened cat ran away
7621 = The cat was brown
341 = The dog ran
a) What is the code for “The dog was frightened”?
b) What is the code for “frightened”?
c) What is the code for “away”?
d) What is the code for “brown”?
15. If E N G L A N D = 1 2 3 4 5 2 6; R U S S I A = 3 7 1 0 5 0; G O A = 1 3 9;
F R A N C E = 7 8 5 2 9 1; C U B A = 1 9 3 4. What is G R E E C E ?

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS

16. In a certain code, COMPUTER is written as RFUVQNPC. How is MEDICINE written in the same code?
A. EOJDJEFM B. EOJDEJF C. MFEJDJOE D. MFEDJJOE

17. According to a military code, SYSTEM is SYSMET and NEARER is AENRER. What is the code for
fraction?
A. CARFTINO B. CARFNOIT C. FRACNOIT D. ARFCNOIT

18. If cloud is called white, white is called rain, rain is called green is called air, air is called blue and blue is
called water, where will the birds fly? (ACCENTURE)
A. Air B. Cloud C. Blue D. Rain

19. If D = 4 and COVER = 63 then BASIS =?

A. 55 B. 54 C. 50 D. 49

20. If in a certain language. CALCUTTA is coded as GEPGYXXE, which word would be coded as
FSQFCE?
A. BOMBYA B. BOMYAB C. BOMBAY D. BOBAMY

21. In a certain code, PAPER is written as SCTGW. How is MOTHER written in that code?
A. POXJJT B. ORVLGW C. PQXKJV D. PQVJGT

22. If the letters in PRABA are coded as 27595, and THILAK are coded as 368451, how can BHARATHI be
coded? (L&T INFOTECH)
A. 37536689 B. 57686535 C. 96575368 D. 96855368

23. In a certain language if,

481 means sky is blue
246 means sea is deep
698 means sea looks blue
a) What is the code for “deep”?
b) What number is the code for “blue”?
c) What is the code for “sea”?
d) What is the code for “looks”?
e) What is the code for “is”?
f) What number is the code for “sky”?

24. If “B R I D G E” = “E U L G J H”, F R U I T = __________?

25. If ETTPI is the code for APPLE, DELHI is coded as _________?

 10. SYLLOGISMS

Syllogisms are today’s most commonly accepted form of logical reasoning; however they are closer related
to mathematical reasoning. Within the syllogisms two different types can be distinguished:

Conditional syllogisms
Conditional syllogisms are better known as hypothetical syllogisms, because the arguments used here are
not always valid. The basic of this syllogism type is: if A is true then B is true as well. An example will follow
to elucidate the former.

Major premise: If Johnny is eating sweets every day, he is placing himself at risk for diabetes.
Minor premise: Johnny does not eat sweats every day.
Conclusion: Therefore Johnny is not placing himself at risk for diabetes.
This conclusion is invalid because it is possible that Johnny does not eat sweats every day but does eats
cake every day what also puts him at risk for diabetes.

Disjunctive syllogisms
These syllogism types do not actually state that a certain premise (major or minor) is correct, but is does
state that one of the premises is correct. The basic type for this syllogism is: Either A or B is true, but they
can’t be true at the same time.

Major premise: Either the meeting is at school or at home.

Minor premise: The meeting is not at home.
Conclusion: Therefore the meeting is at school.
The conclusion of the syllogism type may be given, however most of the times the conclusion can be drawn
based up on own conclusions

TIPS TO HELP SOLVE EASILY:

 Solve the questions through a Venn diagram. Always make sure common areas are shaded do give
you a correct answer.
 Shortcut rules (if Venn Diagrams are confusing you) between Statement 1 and Statement 2 in that
order
All + All = All
All + No = No
All + Some = No Conclusion
Some + All = Some
Some + Some = No Conclusion
Some + No = Some Not
No + No = No Conclusion
No + All = Some not reversed
No + Some = Some not reversed

 You can cancel out common terms in two statements given, then on the remaining terms apply the
syllogisms rules and solve. E.g. Some dogs are goats, All goats are cows. Cancel out "goats" which
leaves us with Some dogs are...all are cows. Important words remaining are ALL and SOME in that
order. SOME + ALL = SOME, hence conclusion is SOME dogs are cows.

 Interchange between reading the question as well as the conclusion before arriving at the answers.
Always evaluate each and every conclusion to find out how many conclusions are possible.

 Avoid using common knowledge as Syllogisms questions usually state unnatural statements

 Remember some implications

All <=> Some, e.g. All A are B also implies Some A are B (being a subset) and Some B are A
Some <=> Some, e.g. Some A are B also implies Some B are A
No<=> No, e.g. No A are B also implies No B are A

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Some watches are hens. All hens are wall clocks.
Conclusions:
I. All watches are wall clocks
II. Some wall clocks are hens.
Options:
a) Only I can be true always
b) Only II can be true always
c) Both I and II can be true always
d) Both I and II cannot be true always

Solution:
Conclusion I cannot be true as only some watches could be wall clocks. However, conclusion II is true
always as some wall clocks have to be hens.

17. All animals are monkeys. All monkeys are reptiles. (SAIL)
Conclusions:
I. All reptiles are animals.
 II. All animals are reptiles.
Options:
a) Only I can be true always
b) Only II can be true always
c) Both I and II can be true always
d) Both I and II cannot be true always

Solution:
Though all animals are reptiles from the two statements, there is no indication that all reptiles are monkeys
(and in turn animals). Hence option I cannot be true always. But second conclusion is always true which is
straightforward to interpret.

18. Some Red Boxes are Green Boxes. All Red Boxes are Yellow Boxes.
Conclusions:
I. Some Yellow Boxes are Green Boxes.
II. All Green Boxes are Red Boxes.
Options:
a) Only I can be true always
b) Only II can be true always
c) Both I and II can be true always
d) Both I and II cannot be true always

Solution:
Since all red boxes are yellow boxes and some red boxes are green, conclusion I is true always. But there
is no indication that all green boxes are red boxes and hence conclusion II cannot be true.

4. All cats have fleas.

Fleas are red.
Which conclusion can be drawn with absolute certainty from these two statements?
I. All fleas are on cats
II. All cats have red fleas
III. Cats can sometimes have black fleas
IV. Dogs never have red fleas

Solution:
The right answer is: All cats have red fleas. After all: all cats have fleas and all fleas are red. The other
propositions are untrue or the truth is not certain. For example, other animals can also have fleas and fleas
cannot have another color than red.

7. Statements: Some hens are cows.

All the cows are horses. (POLARIS)
Conclusions:
1. Some horses are hens.
2. Some hens are horses.
A.Only (1) conclusion follows
B.Only (2) conclusion follows
C.Either (1) or (2) follows
 D.Neither (1) nor (2) follows
E. Both (1) and (2) follow

Solution:

CLASSWORK PROBLEMS

6. Statements: All the actors are girls. All the girls are beautiful.
Conclusions:
1. All the actors are beautiful.
2. Some girls are actors.
A. Only (1) conclusion follows
B. Only (2) conclusion follows
C.Either (1) or (2) follows
D.Neither (1) nor (2) follows
E. Both (1) and (2) follow

7. Statements: Some papers are pens. All the pencils are pens.
Conclusions:
1. Some pens are pencils.
2. Some pens are papers.
A. Only (1) conclusion follows
B. Only (2) conclusion follows
C.Either (1) or (2) follows
D.Neither (1) nor (2) follows
E. Both (1) and (2) follow

8. a) All men lie.

b) All women tell only the truth.
c) Vinod is not a woman.
d) Vinod lies.
e) Vinod is a woman.
f) Some women lie.
1) adc 2) fde 3) bfe 4) bdc 5) None of these

9. a) Priya is a nice-girl.
b) Asha is a nice-girl too.
 c) All nice-girls like sailors.
d) Priya likes Asha.
e) Priya likes Sailors.
f) Asha likes Priya.
1) abd 2) dba 3) abf 4) cdb 5) None of these

Select the statement / statements where the III rd statement is the logical conclusion of the first -
two statements.

10. A) All men are generous. Peter Pan is generous. Peter Pan is a man.
B) No flowers are red. Roses are red. Roses are not flowers.
C) Some carpenters are artists. All dancers are artists. Some dancers are carpenters. (IBM)
1) Only A 2) A & B 3) A & C 4) Only B.

11. A) HLL is a big company. HLL pays well. Big companies pay well.
B) Some robots fly. All birds fly. Some birds are robots.
C) All ladies wear cosmetics. Kavitha is wearing cosmetics. Kavitha is a lady.
1) Only A 2) A & B 3) Only C 4) None of these.

12. A) All fried things are bad. Pancakes are fried. Some pancakes are bad.
B) Some men wear branded shirts. Branded shirts are expensive. Men have expensive tastes.
C) All butterflies are colorful. Colorful things are pleasant. Butterflies are pleasant.
1) A & B 2) Only B 3) A & C 4) Only C.

In the following questions, there is a statement stating a condition, followed by pairs of options.
Choose the option that satisfies the condition.

13. If the snow continues, we will get stuck.

A) The snow continued.
B) The snow did not continue.
C) We got stuck.
D) We did not get stuck.
1) AD 2) DA 3) CA 4) AC.

14. She scratches her head when she thinks

A) She was thinking
B) She was not thinking
C) She was scratching her head
D) She was not scratching her head
1) AD 2) CA 3) AC 4) None of these

15. If he climbs too high, his head reels

A) He climbed too high
B) His head reeled
C) He did not climb too high
 D) His head did not reel
1) BA 2) DC 3) CD 4) AD

HOMEWORK PROBLEMS

16. a) Some men are dancers.

b) Some men are not dancers.
c) Vidhya may be a dancer.
d) Some women are dancers.
e) Some women are not dancers.
f) Vidhya is a woman.
1) abd 2) def 3) ecf 4) cfa 5) None of these

17. a) Vikram is a cricketer.

b) All cricketers play ball.
c) All cricketers bat.
d) Vikram play ball.
e) Cricketers are fond of chocolates.
f) Chocolates affect the teeth.
Find the Correct answer.

18. a) Keto likes to look adult.

b) Keto is a boy.
c) Boys play a lot.
d) Keto likes swimming.
e) Keto likes to wear long – pants.
f) All adults wear long – pants.
Find the Correct answer.

Select the statement / statements where the III rd statement is the logical conclusion of the first -
two statements.

19. A) Some windows are transparent. All transparent are opaque. Some windows are opaque.
B) All poodles are dogs. All dogs are furry. All poodles are furry.
C) Some tablets are round. Some tablets are oval. Tablets are either round or oval
No options, find which statement is correct.

20. A) Some mangoes are sour. All grapes are sour. Some mangoes are grapes.
B) Some papers are white. All cardboards are brown. Cardboards are not papers.
C) All men lie. Only liars are welcome. All men are welcome.
No options, find which statement is correct.

In the following questions, there is a statement stating a condition, followed by pairs of options.
Choose the option that satisfies the condition.

21. Among the variables affecting intelligence, is the richness & responsiveness of the early environment.
 A) Heredity affects intelligence.
B) A variable like genetic structure affects growth.
C) It is not the only variable to do so.
D) The early environment is often sheltering.
1) BD 2) DA 3) AC 4) AB

22. When Raghu sneezes, his nose turns red.

A) Raghu’s nose did not turn red.
B) Raghu sneezed.
C) Raghu’s nose turned red.
D) Raghu didnot sneeze.
1) CB 2) AD 3) BD 4) DA.

23. Whenever she hears birds sing, she sings herself. (UST GLOBAL)
A) She heard birds sing.
B) She sang herself.
C) She did not sing herself.
D) She did not hear birds sing.
1) AB 2) CD 3) BA 4) All except option 3.

24. Statements: Some ants are parrots. All the parrots are
apples.
Conclusions:
1. All the apples are parrots.
2. Some ants are apples.
A. Only (1) conclusion follows
B. Only (2) conclusion follows
C. Either (1) or (2) follows
D. Neither (1) nor (2) follows
E. Both (1) and (2) follow

25. Statements: Some cows are crows. Some crows are elephants. (WIPRO TECHNOLOGIES)
Conclusions:
1. Some cows are elephants.
2. All crows are elephants.
A. Only (1) conclusion follows
B. Only (2) conclusion follows
C.Either (1) or (2) follows
D.Neither (1) nor (2) follows
E. Both (1) and (2) follow