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1973: CONSTITUTIONAL

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AUTHORITARIANISM

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 a
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• In 1965, Ferdinand Marcos was elected President of
the Philippines.

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• In 1967, the Philippine Congress passed a resolution

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calling for a constitutional convention to change the

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1935 constitution.

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• In 1969, Marcos won the re-election in a bid boosted

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by campaign overspending and use of Government

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hands.
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• November 20 1970, the election of the delegates to
the constitutional convention was held.
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 • June 1, 1970, with former President Carlos P. Garcia

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being elected as convention president but, he died,

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and was succeeded by another former President

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Diosdado Macapagal.

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• The Reason for the Martial Law as Marcos cited that

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there was a growing communist insurgency.

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• November 29, 1970, the convention approved its

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proposed constitution.

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• The Constitution was supposed to introduce a

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parliamentary style government were legislative power
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was vested in a unicameral National Assembly
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• The President was to be elected as the symbolic
and ceremonial head of the National Assembly.

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•

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The Executive Power was relegated to the Prime
Minister.

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• Prime Minister was also the head of government

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and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces who

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was also to be elected from the National Assembly.

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• November 30,1973 , President Marcos issued
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Presidential Decree No. 73 setting the Date of the
plebiscite to ratify or reject the constitution
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 • January 17, 1973 , The President issued a

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proclamation announcing that the proposed

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constitution had been ratified by an overwhelming vote

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of the members of the highly irregular Citizen

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Assemblies.

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• In 1980, The retirement age of members of the
judiciary was extended to 70 years.

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• In 1981, The Parliamentary System was formally
modified to a French- style, semi- presidential system

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where executive power was restored to the president.
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Executive Committee, was to be created, composed
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of the Prime Minister and 14 others, that served as the
President’s Cabinet and some electoral reforms were
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instituted
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• The 1973 Constitution was merely a way for the President to

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keep executive powers.

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• August 1983, Benigno Aquino Jr., was assassinated while

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under military escort immediately after his return from exile in

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the United States.
• A small group of military rebels attempted to stage a coup, this

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triggered what came to be known as the EDSA People Power

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Revolution of 1986

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• The Marcos Family fled into exile
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February 25, 1986, Benigno Aquino Jr’s widow, Corazon
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Aquino was installed as president.
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