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Answer Key - Laboratory Exercise 1 Process Dynamic Characteristics

This document provides an answer key for a laboratory exercise on process dynamic characteristics. It summarizes the responses of different types of processes to step changes in the controller output, including: - A first order lag plus dead time process, with parameters identified from the step response. - An unknown process that approximates a first order lag response. - Other process models like negative gain, integrating, and inverse response processes. - Frequency response testing to determine a first order lag process' amplitude ratio and phase shift at different frequencies.

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Ibrahim Khleifat
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118 views4 pages

Answer Key - Laboratory Exercise 1 Process Dynamic Characteristics

This document provides an answer key for a laboratory exercise on process dynamic characteristics. It summarizes the responses of different types of processes to step changes in the controller output, including: - A first order lag plus dead time process, with parameters identified from the step response. - An unknown process that approximates a first order lag response. - Other process models like negative gain, integrating, and inverse response processes. - Frequency response testing to determine a first order lag process' amplitude ratio and phase shift at different frequencies.

Uploaded by

Ibrahim Khleifat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ANSWER KEY - LABORATORY EXERCISE 1

PROCESS DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

2. FIRST ORDER LAG PLUS DEAD TIME PROCESS

Present PV: 52.5

Present Controller Output: 35.0

Key in a new output value of 45.0.

Final value of PV: 67.5

What type of process response does this appear to be? FOLPDT

How much did the PV change? 15%

How much did you change the controller output? 10%

Process Gain: 1.5

Dead Time (Td) 8 minutes

Calculate 63.2% of PV change 9.48

Actual value of PV at 63.2% of change: 61.98

Time Constant 5 minutes

Suppose we had used the 2/3 point, rather than 63.2%, to estimate the time constant.

2/3 of PV change 10

Actual value of PV at 2/3 of change: 62.5

Time Constant (approx) 5.5 minutes

Percent error: 10%

Click on Process | Change Parameters. Observe the values listed for Dead Time and
Time Constant.

Do these parameter values agree with what you observed? Yes

Select “Dead Time” and change its value to 2.0 (minutes).


Answer Key 1 Page 2 Process Dynamic Characteristics

Select “Process Gain” and change its value to 1.0.

Select “Time Constant” and change its value to 3.0 minutes).

Press CLEAR

Change the controller output from 45.0 to 35.0. Observe the response.

Is this what you would expect? Yes

3. UNKNOWN PROCESS

Click on Process | Select Model.

Highlight “Generic” and press Open.

Upper end of scale (corresponds to high end of transmitter range)


500 DegF

Low end of scale (corresponds to low end of transmitter range)


0 DegF

Span of PV 500 DegF

Initial value of PV (in engineering units) 275 DegF

Initial value of PV (in percent of span) 55%

Controller Output: 35%

Change the controller output from 35.0 to 45.0.

When the PV reaches (apparent) equilibrium, [PAUSE] the simulation. Does this look
like a true first order lag plus dead time process?
No

Does it look “approximately” like a first order lag plus dead time process? Yes

What is the final value of the PV? 350 DegF


Answer Key 1 Page 3 Process Dynamic Characteristics

How much did the PV change, in engineering units 75 DegF

How much did the PV change, in percent of span 15%

Estimate the process gain. 1.5

Apparent dead time: 2.0 minutes

Apparent time constant: 7.5 minutes

4. OTHER FORMS OF STEP RESPONSE

4.1 Negative Process Gain

Initial PV: 275 DegF


Initial Controller Output: 35%

Final PV: 200 DegF


Final Controller Output 45%

Process Gain: -1.5

4.2 Integrating Process

What does the tank level do? Goes down

Reach equilibrium? No

Can you eventually stabilize? Almost

4.3 Inverse Response

What does the drum level initially do? Goes up

What does the drum level eventually do? Goes down


Answer Key 1 Page 4 Process Dynamic Characteristics

5.0 FREQUENCY RESPONSE

PV Amplitude, Peak-to-Peak: 12.7%

Amplitude Ratio 1.27

Time Lag 8.0 minutes

Phase Shift 480 Lag

Period Freq Cont PV Ampli Time Phase


(Minutes) (cyc/min) Output Ampli Ratio Lag Shift
Ampli (mins) (Deg)
60 0.0167 10.0 12.7% 1.27 8.0 48
30 0.0333 10.0 8.65% 0.865 7.5 90
15 0.0667 20.0 7.3% 0.365 5.5 132
7.5 0.1333 20.0 2.44% 0.122 3.75 180
3.75 0.2667 20.0 0.54% 0.027 2.25 216

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