NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM OF INDICATION CONTRAINDICATION SIDE EFFECTS/ NURSING
ACTION AND CAUTION ADVERSE EFFECTS RESPONSIBILITIES
Generic Name: Inhibits fungal • Oropharyngeal • Contraindicated in • CNS: headache, • Monitor LFTs and
Fluconazole CYP450 candidiasis patients hypersensitive dizziness, seizures discontinue drug if hepatic
Dosage: 200mg/tab (responsible for • Esophageal to drug • GI: nausea, vomiting, dysfunction develops.
Frequency: OD fungal sterol candidiasis • Contraindicate with abdominal pain, • Rare cases of exfoliative
Route: Oral synthesis); weakens • Vulvovaginal CYP3A4 substrates that diarrhea, dyspepsia, skin disorders have been
Therapeutic Class: fungal cell walls. candidiasis may lead to QT-interval taste perversion. reported. Closely monitor
Antifungal • Systemic prolongation. • Skin: rash patients who develop mild
Pharmacologic candidiasis • Use cautiously in rash. Stop drug if lesions
class: Triazoles • Candida-related patients hypersensitive progress.
peritonitis; UTI to other antifungal azole • Use cautiously in patients
compounds. with renal impairment.
Monitor renal function
during treatment; dosage
adjustment may be
necessary.
• Likelihood of adverse
reactions may be greater
in HIV-infected patients.
• Tell patient to take drug as
directed, even after feeling
better.
• Instruct patient to report all
adverse reactions
promptly.
Generic Name: May bind to and • Suppressive • Contraindicated in • CNS: seizures, • Ensure baseline and
Hydroxychloroquine alter the properties prevention of patients hypersensitive irritability, nightmares, periodic ophthalmic exams
Dosage: 100mg/tab of DNA in malaria attacks to drug or its ataxia, psychosis, are performed at baseline
Frequency: OD susceptible • Acute malarial components. vertigo, dizziness, and annually.
Route: Oral organisms attacks • Use cautiously in hypoactive deep • Monitor CBC and LFTs
Therapeutic Class: • Systemic Lupus patients with severe GI, tendon reflexes, periodically during long-
Antimalarials Erythematosus neurologic, or blood lassitude, headache, term therapy; if severe
Pharmacologic • Rheumatoid Arthritis disorders. fatigue, blood disorder not caused
class: • Use cautiously in extrapyramidal by disease develops, drug
Aminoquinolines patients with hepatic disorders, pyrexia may need to be stopped.
disease or alcoholism or • CV: cardiomyopathy, • Monitor patient for possible
when used with ventricular arrythmias, overdose, which can
hepatotoxic drugs. torsades de pointes. quickly lead to toxic signs
or symptoms. Children are
• Use with caution in • EENT: blurred vision, extremely susceptible to
those with G6PD difficulty in focusing, toxicity.
deficiency or psoriasis reversible corneal • Advise patient taking drug
because drug may changes, typical for prevention to take drug
worsen these irreversible immediately before or after
conditions. nystagmus, deafness. a meal on the same day
• GI: decrease appetite, each week, to improve
abdominal cramps, compliance.
diarrhea, nausea, • Instruct patient to report
vomiting. adverse reactions
• Hepatic: acute promptly.
hepatic failure, • Tell patient that dizziness
abnormal LFT values. may occur and to use
• Metabolic: weight caution while driving or
loss, hypoglycemia performing other tasks that
• Musculoskeletal: require alertness,
skeletal muscle coordination, or physical
myopathy, bone dexterity.
marrow failure.
• Respiratory:
bronchospasm
• Skin: pruritus, lichen
planus eruptions, skin
and mucosal
pigmentary changes,
pleomorphic skin
eruptions, worsened
psoriasis, alopecia,
photosensitivity,
bleaching of hair,
urticaria.
Generic Name: Inhibits proton pump • Short-term treatment • Contraindicated in • CNS: asthenia, • Long-term therapy may
Omeprazole activity by binding to (4–8 wks) of erosive patients hypersensitive dizziness, headache cause vitamin B12
Dosage: 20g/tab hydrogen-potassium esophagitis, to drug or its • GI: abdominal pain, absorption problems.
Frequency: OD; 30 adenosine symptomatic components. constipation, diarrhea, Assess patient for signs
minutes before triphosphatase, gastroesophageal • Use cautiously in flatulence, nausea, and symptoms of
breakfast located at secretory reflux disease patients with vomiting, acid cyanocobalamin
Route: Oral surface of gastric (GERD) poorly hypokalemia and regurgitation deficiency.
Therapeutic Class: parietal cells, to responsive to other respiratory alkalosis and • Musculoskeletal: • Periodically assess patient
Antiulcer drugs suppress gastric treatment. in patients in a low- back pain for osteoporosis.
acid secretion. sodium diet.
Pharmacologic • H. pylori–associated • Respiratory: cough, • Discontinue drug if signs or
class: PPIs duodenal ulcer (with URI symptoms of acute
amoxicillin and • Skin: rash intestinal nephritis.
clarithromycin). • Monitor magnesium levels
• Long-term treatment before starting treatment
of pathologic and periodically thereafter.
hypersecretory • Monitor patients for signs
conditions, and symptoms of low
treatment of active magnesium level.
duodenal ulcer or • Don’t confuse Prilosec
active benign gastric OTC with Prozac,
ulcer prilocaine, or Prinivil.
• Maintenance healing • Tell patient to swallow
of erosive tablets whole and not to
esophagitis. open, crush, or chew them.
• Short-term healing • Give patient instructions on
of frequent how to take oral
uncomplicated suspension.
heartburn occurring • Instruct patient to take
2 or more days/wk drug at least 30 to 60
minutes before meals.
• Caution patient to avoid
hazardous activities if
dizziness occurs.
• Teach patient to recognize
and report signs and
symptoms of low
magnesium levels.
Generic Name: Inhibits • Management of • Contraindicated in • CNS: euphoria, • Obtain baseline weight,
Hydrocortisone accumulation of adrenocortical patients hypersentivite insomnia, psychotic B/P, serum glucose,
Dosage: 35 mg inflammatory insufficiency to the drug and its behavior, vertigo, cholesterol, electrolytes.
Frequency: every 6 cells at inflammation • Anti-inflammatory component. mood swings, • Screen for infections
hours sites, phagocytosis, • Immunosuppressive • Use with caution in headache, including fungal infections,
Route: IV lysosomal enzyme patients with recent MI. paresthesia, seizures. TB, viral skin lesions.
Therapeutic Class: release, synthesis • Use cautiously in • CV: HF, HTN, edema, • Question medical history
Corticosteroids and/ patients with GI ulcer, arrythmia, as listed in Precautions.
Pharmacologic or release of renal disase, HTN, thrombophlebitis, • Question medical history
class: Glucocorticoids mediators of osteoporosis, diabetes, thromboembolism. as listed in Precautions.
inflammation. hypothyroidism, • EENT: cataracts, • Be alert to infection
cirrhosis, diverticulitis, glaucoma (reduced immune
Reverses increased nonspecific ulcerative • GI: peptic ulceration, response): sore throat,
capillary colitis, active hepatitis, GI irritation, increased fever, vague symptoms.
permeability. recent intestinal appetite, pancreatitis, • Monitor daily pattern of
anastomoses, nausea, vomiting bowel activity, stool
thromboembolic • GU: menstrual consistency.
disorders, seizures, irregularities, • Monitor electrolytes, B/P,
myasthenia gravis, HF, increased urine weight, serum glucose.
TB, and psychotic calcium levels. Monitor for hypocalcemia
tendencies. • Hematologic: easy (muscle twitching,
bruising cramps), hypokalemia
• Metabolic: (weakness, paresthesia,
hypokalemia, nausea/vomiting, irritability,
hyperglycemia, ECG changes).
carbohydrate • Assess emotional status,
intolerance, ability to sleep.
hypercholesteremia,
hypoglycemia
• Musculoskeletal:
growth suppression in
children, muscle
weakness,
osteoporosis, tendon
rupture.
• Skin: hirsutism,
delayed wound
healing, acne, skin
eruptions.
Generic Name: Inhibits reabsorption • Acute pulmonary • Contraindicated in • CNS: vertigo, • Check vital signs, esp.
Furosemide of sodium, chloride edema patients hypersensitive headache, dizziness, B/P, pulse, for hypotension
Dosage: 40 mg ½ tab in ascending loop of • Edema to drug and in those paresthesia, before administration.
Frequency: TID Henle and • HTN with anuria. weakness, • Assess baseline renal
Route: Oral proximal/distal renal • Use cautiously in restlessness, fever function, serum
Therapeutic Class: tubules. patients with hepatic • CV: orthostatic electrolytes, esp. serum
Antihypertensive cirrhosis and in those hypotension. sodium, potassium.
Pharmacologic allergic to sulfonamides. Thrombophlebitis with • Assess skin turgor,
class: Loop diuretics • Drug may exacerbate or IV administration mucous membranes for
activate SLE. • EENT: blurred or hydration status; observe
• Premature infants may yellowed vision, for edema.
be at increased risk for transient deafness,
persistent patent ductus tinnitus
arteriosus with • GI: abdominal • Assess muscle strength,
furosemide treatment discomfort and pain, mental status. Note skin
during first weeks of life. diarrhea, anorexia, temperature, moisture.
nausea, vomiting, • Obtain baseline weight.
constipation, • Initiate I&O monitoring.
pancreatitis. • Auscultate lung sounds.
• GU: azotemia, • In pts with hepatic cirrhosis
nocturia, polyuria, and ascites, consider
frequent urination, giving initial doses in a
oliguria. hospital setting.
• Hepatic: hepatic • Note extent of diuresis.
dysfunction, jaundice,
increased liver
enzyme levels.
• Metabolic: volume
depletion and
dehydration,
asymptomatic
hyperuricemia,
impaired glucose
tolerance,
hypokalemia,
hyperchloremic
alkalosis
• Musculoskeletal:
muscle spasm
• Skin: dermatitis,
purpura,
photosensitivity
reactions, transient
paint at IM injection
site.
