Fourth Year Class: University of Baghdad College of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Fourth Year Class: University of Baghdad College of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
Fourth Year Class: University of Baghdad College of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering
College of Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
MHND
Reinforced Concrete Design II
COURSE SYLLABUS
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
- Design of Concrete Structures; Arthur H. Nilson, David Darwin, and Charles W. Dolan.
- Reinforced Concrete Mechanics and Design; James K. Wight and James G. Macgregor.
- Building Design and Construction Handbook; Frederick S. Merritt and Jonathan T. Ricketts
- Manual for the Design of Reinforced Concrete Building Structures; the Institute of Structural
Engineers.
- ACI 318, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318M-14) and Commentary
(ACI 318RM-14), ACI Committee 318, American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2014.
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
All members and structural systems shall be analyzed for the maximum effects of loads
including the arrangements of live load in accordance with 6.4.
Strength
Design strength of a member and its joints and connections, in terms of moment, axial force, shear,
torsion, and bearing, shall be taken as the nominal strength (Sn) multiplied by the applicable
strength reduction factor (ø).
Structures and structural members shall have design strength at all sections (ø Sn) greater
than or equal to the required strength (U) calculated for the factored loads and forces in such
combinations as required by ACI-Code.
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
Types of slabs
1. One-way slab: Slabs may be supported on two opposite sides only, in such case, the
structural action of the slab is essentially "one-way", and the loads are carried by the slab in
the direction perpendicular to the supporting beams, Figure (1-a).
2. Tow-way slab: Slabs have beam or support on all four sides. The loads are carried by the
slab in two perpendicular directions to the supporting beams, Figure (1-b).
3. If the ratio of length to width of one slab panel is larger than 2, most of the load is carried by
the short direction to the supporting beams, and one-way action is obtained in effect, even
though supports are provided on all sides, Figure (1-c).
4. Concrete slab carried directly by columns, without the use of beams or girders, such slab is
described by flat plates, and are commonly used where spans are not large and loads are not
heavy, Figure (1-d).
5. Flat slabs are also beamless slab with column capitals, drop panels, or both, Figure (1-e).
6. Two–way joist systems (grid slab), to reduce the dead load of solid-slab, voids are formed in
a rectilinear pattern through use of metal or fiberglass form inserts. A two–way ribbed
construction results (waffle slab). Usually inserts are omitted near the columns, Figure (1-f).
One-way slabs: slabs reinforced to resist flexural stresses in only one direction.
Column capital: enlargement of the top of a concrete column located directly below the slab or
drop panel that is cast monolithically with the column.
Drop panel: projection below the slab used to reduce the amount of negative reinforcement over a
column or the minimum required slab thickness, and to increase the slab shear strength.
Panel: slab portion bounded by column, beam, or wall centerlines on all sides.
Column strip: a design strip with a width on each side of a column centerline equal to the lesser of
0.25 ℓ2 and 0.25 ℓ1. A column strip shall include beams within the strip, if present.
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
(a)
(b)
(c) (d)
(e) (f)
Figure (1) Types of slabs (a) one-way slab, (b) two-way slab, (c) one-way slab, (d) flat
plate, (e) flat slab, (f) two–way joist
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
In computing required slab reinforcement, the thickness of drop panel below the slab shall
not be assumed greater than one – quarter the distance from edge of drop panel to edge of column
or column capital.
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
For purposes of analysis and design a unit strip of such a slab cut out at right angles to the
supporting beam may be considered as a rectangular beam of unit width (1.0 m) with a depth (h)
equal to the thickness of the slab and a span (La) equal to the distance between supported edges.
Mu due to gravity loads shall be calculated in accordance with Table 6.5.2. Moments
calculated shall not be redistributed.
For slabs built integrally with supports, Mu at the support shall be permitted to be calculated
at the face of support.
Floor or roof level moments shall be resisted by distributing the moment between columns
immediately above and below the given floor in proportion to the relative column stiffnesses
considering conditions of restraint.
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
Reinforcement for shrinkage and temperature stresses normal to the principal reinforcement
should be provided in a structural slab. ACI Code specifies the minimum ratios of reinforcement
area to gross concrete area, as shown in Table 24.4.3.2.
The spacing of deformed shrinkage and temperature reinforcement shall not exceed the
lesser of 5h and 450 mm.
For slabs built integrally with supports, Vu at the support shall be permitted to be calculated
at the face of support.
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
For fy other than 420 MPa, the expressions in Table 7.3.1.1 shall be modified.
For nonprestressed slabs not satisfying 7.3.1 and for prestressed slabs, immediate and time-
dependent deflections shall be calculated in accordance with 24.2 and shall not exceed the limits in
24.2.2.
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
Slab without interior beams (Flat plates and flat slabs with or without edge beams)
For nonprestressed slabs without interior beams spanning between supports on all sides, having a
maximum ratio of long-to-short span of 2, overall slab thickness (h) shall not be less than the limits
in Table 8.3.1.1, and shall be at least the value in (a) or (b), unless the calculated deflection limits of
8.3.2 (ACI 318) are satisfied:
(a) Slabs without drop panels as given in 8.2.4........... 125 mm.
(b) Slabs with drop panels as given in 8.2.4................ 100 mm.
(mm)[1]
MPa[2]
280
420
520
(mm).
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
mm.
1400
125
1400
90
(mm).
At discontinuous edges of slabs conforming to 8.3.1.2, an edge beam with αf ≥ 0.80 shall be
provided, or the minimum thickness required by (b) or (d) of Table 8.3.1.2 shall be increased by at
least 10 percent in the panel with a discontinuous edge.
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example 1
Find the minimum thickness of a slab for an interior panels due to deflection control for the
following: Use fy = 350 MPa.
a- Slab with beams (8.1 × 8.2) m clear span with αm = 2.3
b- Flat plate (4.4 × 4.6) m clear span.
c- Flat slab with drop panels (6.2 × 6.2) m clear span.
Solution
a- Slab with beams (8.1 × 8.2) m clear span with αm = 2.3
m = 2.3 2.0
f
l n 0.8 + y
=
1400 L n 8. 2
t min ; = = = 1.012
36 + 9 S n 8 .1
350
8200 0.8 +
t min = 1400
= 190.875 mm 90 mm O.K.
36 + 9 1.012
Use t = 200 mm
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example 2
Find the minimum thickness of a slab for an interior panels due to deflection control for the
following: Use fy = 420 MPa. (60000 psi).
a- Slab with beams (8.2 × 7.7) m clear span with αm= 2.3
b- Slab without drop panels (5.4 × 4.8) m clear span with αm= 0.18
c- Flat plate (4.2 × 4.6) m clear span.
d- Flat slab with drop panels (6.0 × 6.2) m clear span.
e- Slab with beams (5.8 × 5.8) m clear span with αm= 1.5
Solution
a- Slab with beams (8.2 × 7.7) m clear span with αm= 2.3
m = 2.3 2.0
f
ln 0.8 + y
t min =
1400 L 8 .2
; = n = = 1.065
36 + 9 S n 7 .7
420
8200 0.8 +
t min = 1400
= 197.872 mm 90 mm O.K.
36 + 9 1.065
Use t = 200 mm
b- Slab without drop panels (5.4 × 4.8) m clear span with αm= 0.18
m = 0.18 0.2
L 5400
From table t = n = = 163.636 mm 125 mm O.K.
33 33
Use t = 170 mm
e- Slab with beams (5.8 × 5.8) m clear span with αm= 1.5
0.2 m = 1.5 2.0
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
f
ln 0.8 + y
t min = 1400
36 + 5 ( m − 0.2)
L 5 .8
= n = = 1 .0
S n 5 .8
420
5800 0.8 +
t min = 1400
= 150.118 mm 125 mm O.K.
36 + 5 1.0 (1.5 − 0.2)
Use t = 160 mm
Example 3
Find the minimum thickness of a slab for an interior panels due to deflection control for the
following: Use fy = 420 MPa.
a- Flat slab with drop panels (7.0 × 5.6) m clear span.
b- Slab with beams (5.0 × 6.3) m clear span with αm= 2.3
c- Slab with beams (5.0 × 5.5) m clear span with αm= 1.7
d- Flat plate (4.2 × 4.5) m clear span.
e- Flat slab without drop panels (5.9 × 4.2) m clear span.
Solution
a) Flat slab with drop panels (7.0 × 5.6) m clear span.
From table
7000
t= n = = 194.444 mm 100 mm O.K.
36 36
Use t = 200 mm
b) Slab with beams (5.0 × 6.3) m clear span with αm= 2.3
m = 2.3 2.0
f
n 0.8 + y
t min =
1400
36 + 9
6.3
= n = = 1.26
s n 5 .0
420
6300 0.8 +
t min = 1400
= 146.388 mm 90 mm O.K.
36 + 9 1.26
Use t = 150 mm
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
c) Slab with beams (5.0 × 5.5) m clear span with αm= 1.7
0.2 m = 1.7 2.0
f
n 0.8 + y
t min = 1400
36 + 5 ( m − 0.2 )
5 .5
= n = = 1.10
s n 5 .0
420
5500 0.8 +
t min = 1400
= 136.723 mm 125 mm O.K.
36 + 5 1.1 (1.7 − 0.2)
Use t = 140 mm
Example 4
Thickness of a flat slab with edge beams
Column capital diameter = 1000 mm
(fy = 420 MPa)
8m
Solution
exterior panel
t = ℓn/33
ℓn = 8000 – 0.89 × 1000 = 7110 mm
8m
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
Example 5
Thickness of a flat slab without edge beams
Column capital diameter = 1000 mm
(fy = 420 MPa)
8m
Solution
exterior panel
t = ℓn/30
ℓn = 8000 – 0.89 × 1000 = 7110 mm
8m
t = 7110/30 = 237.0 mm > 125 mm
interior panel
t = ℓn/33 = 215.4 mm > 125 mm
∴ use t = 240 mm
6m 6m 6m
Example 6
Find the minimum thickness of a slab for an interior panels due to deflection control for the
following: Use fy = 420 MPa.
a) Flat slab with drop panels (6.4 × 6.0) m clear span.
b) Flat plate (4.4 × 4.0) m clear span.
c) Slab with beams (5.8 × 5.6) m clear span with αm = 1.7
d) Slab with beams (8.0 × 6.5) m clear span with αm = 3.4
e) Slab without drop panels (5.5 × 4.8) m clear span with αm = 0.19
Solution
a) Flat slab with drop panels (6.4 × 6.0) m clear span.
From table
ℓn 6400
t= = = 177.8 mm > 100 mm O. K.
36 36
Use t = 180 mm
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Reinforced Concrete Design II
c) Slab with beams (5.8 × 5.6) m clear span with αm= 1.7
0.2 < 𝛼𝑚 = 1.7 < 2.0
𝑓𝑦
ℓ𝑛 (0.8 + 1400)
⇒𝑡
36 + 5𝛽(𝛼𝑚 − 0.2)𝑚𝑖𝑛
ℓ𝑛 5.8
𝛽= = = 1.035
𝑠𝑛 5.6
420
5800 × (0.8 + 1400)
t min = = 145.8 mm > 125 mm O. K.
36 + 5 × 1.036 × (1.7 − 0.2)
Use t = 150 mm
d) Slab with beams (8.0 × 6.5) m clear span with αm= 3.4
𝛼𝑚 = 3.4 > 2.0
𝑓𝑦
ℓ𝑛 (0.8 + 1400)
⇒ 𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
36 + 9𝛽
ℓ𝑛 8.0
𝛽= = = 1.231
𝑠𝑛 6.5
420
8000 × (0.8 + )
1400
t min = = 186.9 mm > 90 mm O. K.
36 + 9 × 1.231
Use t = 190 mm
e) Flat slab without drop panels (5.5 × 4.8) m clear span with αm = 0.19.
From table
ℓn 5500
t= = = 166.7 mm > 125 mm O. K.
33 33
Use t = 170 mm
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