Campus recruitment of MBA students

The determining factors of getting job placements

Shradha Shrestha

23/10/2021

Introduction
By definition, Campus recruitment is a strategy for sourcing, engaging and hiring young
talent for internship and entry-level positions.
#loading the dataset
library(readr)
raw_data <- read_csv("Placement_Data_Full_Class.csv")
str(raw_data)

## spec_tbl_df [215 x 15] (S3: spec_tbl_df/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)

## $ sl_no : num [1:215] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## $ gender : chr [1:215] "M" "M" "M" "M" ...
## $ ssc_p : num [1:215] 67 79.3 65 56 85.8 ...
## $ ssc_b : chr [1:215] "Others" "Central" "Central" "Central" ...
## $ hsc_p : num [1:215] 91 78.3 68 52 73.6 ...
## $ hsc_b : chr [1:215] "Others" "Others" "Central" "Central" ...
## $ hsc_s : chr [1:215] "Commerce" "Science" "Arts" "Science" ...
## $ degree_p : num [1:215] 58 77.5 64 52 73.3 ...
## $ degree_t : chr [1:215] "Sci&Tech" "Sci&Tech" "Comm&Mgmt"
"Sci&Tech" ...
## $ work_exp : chr [1:215] "No" "Yes" "No" "No" ...
## $ etest_p : num [1:215] 55 86.5 75 66 96.8 ...
## $ specialisation: chr [1:215] "Mkt&HR" "Mkt&Fin" "Mkt&Fin" "Mkt&HR" ...
## $ mba_p : num [1:215] 58.8 66.3 57.8 59.4 55.5 ...
## $ status : chr [1:215] "Placed" "Placed" "Placed" "Not Placed" ...
## $ salary : num [1:215] 270000 200000 250000 NA 425000 NA NA 252000
231000 NA ...
## - attr(*, "spec")=
## .. cols(
## .. sl_no = col_double(),
## .. gender = col_character(),
## .. ssc_p = col_double(),
## .. ssc_b = col_character(),
## .. hsc_p = col_double(),
## .. hsc_b = col_character(),
## .. hsc_s = col_character(),
## .. degree_p = col_double(),
## .. degree_t = col_character(),
## .. work_exp = col_character(),
## .. etest_p = col_double(),
## .. specialisation = col_character(),
## .. mba_p = col_double(),
## .. status = col_character(),
## .. salary = col_double()
## .. )
## - attr(*, "problems")=<externalptr>

#Converting the variables to factor variables and checking the number of

observations in variables: gender
raw_data <- raw_data %>% mutate(across(where(is.character), as.factor))
summary(raw_data[,c("gender")])

## gender
## F: 76
## M:139

#Data cleaning
## sl_no gender ssc_p ssc_b hsc_p hsc_b hsc_s degree_p degree_t
work_exp
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## [1] FALSE

## sl_no gender ssc_p ssc_b hsc_p

## Min. : 1.0 F: 76 Min. :40.89 Central:116 Min. :37.00
## 1st Qu.: 54.5 M:139 1st Qu.:60.60 Others : 99 1st Qu.:60.90
## Median :108.0 Median :67.00 Median :65.00
## Mean :108.0 Mean :67.30 Mean :66.33
## 3rd Qu.:161.5 3rd Qu.:75.70 3rd Qu.:73.00
## Max. :215.0 Max. :89.40 Max. :97.70
##
## hsc_b hsc_s degree_p degree_t work_exp
## Central: 84 Arts : 11 Min. :50.00 Comm&Mgmt:145 No :141
## Others :131 Commerce:113 1st Qu.:61.00 Others : 11 Yes: 74
## Science : 91 Median :66.00 Sci&Tech : 59
## Mean :66.37
## 3rd Qu.:72.00
## Max. :91.00
##
## etest_p specialisation mba_p status
## Min. :50.0 Mkt&Fin:120 Min. :51.21 Not Placed: 67
## 1st Qu.:60.0 Mkt&HR : 95 1st Qu.:57.95 Placed :148
## Median :71.0 Median :62.00
## Mean :72.1 Mean :62.28
## 3rd Qu.:83.5 3rd Qu.:66.25
## Max. :98.0 Max. :77.89
##
## salary
## Min. :200000
## 1st Qu.:240000
## Median :265000
## Mean :288655
## 3rd Qu.:300000
## Max. :940000
## NA's :67

## [1] "spec_tbl_df" "tbl_df" "tbl" "data.frame"

Although there are not any missing values or nulls in the data. There are 67 missing
observations in Salary column.
Figuring out the reason behind missing observations
#Checking why there are 67 missing observations
library(magrittr)
library(dplyr)
library(tibble)
raw_data %>% select(salary, status, mba_p)

## # A tibble: 215 x 3
## salary status mba_p
## <dbl> <fct> <dbl>
## 1 270000 Placed 58.8
## 2 200000 Placed 66.3
## 3 250000 Placed 57.8
## 4 NA Not Placed 59.4
## 5 425000 Placed 55.5
## 6 NA Not Placed 51.6
## 7 NA Not Placed 53.3
## 8 252000 Placed 62.1
## 9 231000 Placed 61.3
## 10 NA Not Placed 52.2
## # ... with 205 more rows

View(raw_data)

Exploratory Data analysis

2.1 Correlation Matrix
#correlation matrix - to find a correlation between multiple variables
library(dplyr)
library(corrplot)
library(ggpubr)
library(ggplot2)
library(magrittr)
raw_data_subdata <- raw_data %>% select(ssc_p, hsc_p, degree_p, etest_p,
mba_p)
View(raw_data_subdata)
attach(raw_data_subdata)
head(raw_data_subdata)

## # A tibble: 6 x 5
## ssc_p hsc_p degree_p etest_p mba_p
## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 67 91 58 55 58.8
## 2 79.3 78.3 77.5 86.5 66.3
## 3 65 68 64 75 57.8
## 4 56 52 52 66 59.4
## 5 85.8 73.6 73.3 96.8 55.5
## 6 55 49.8 67.2 55 51.6

cor(raw_data_subdata, use="complete.obs")

## ssc_p hsc_p degree_p etest_p mba_p

## ssc_p 1.0000000 0.5114721 0.5384040 0.2619927 0.3884776
## hsc_p 0.5114721 1.0000000 0.4342058 0.2451129 0.3548226
## degree_p 0.5384040 0.4342058 1.0000000 0.2244702 0.4023638
## etest_p 0.2619927 0.2451129 0.2244702 1.0000000 0.2180547
## mba_p 0.3884776 0.3548226 0.4023638 0.2180547 1.0000000

cor_matrix <- cor(raw_data_subdata , use = "complete.obs")

#visualization of the correlation matrix

library(ggcorrplot)
ggcorrplot(cor_matrix, method = "square",
ggtheme = ggthemes::theme_few,
outline.col = "black",
colors = c("#40B0A6","white", "#DC3220"),

lab = TRUE,
lab_size = 5,
digits = 2,

type = "lower",

legend = "",
tl.cex = 12)
2.2 The number of students who were placed
raw_data %>%
mutate(education_total = (ssc_p+hsc_p+degree_p+mba_p)/4)%>%

ggplot(aes(education_total, fill = status))+

geom_histogram(binwidth = 5, col="black")+
labs(x = "Average score across all four educational systems",
y = "Number of students",
fill = "Status",
title = "148 out of 215 students were placed within a role (69%
accepted rate)")+
theme_few()+
theme(legend.position = "top")
 2.3 The
distribution of several variables in terms of placement
#Data visualization
options(repr.plot.width=15,repr.plot.height=10)
p1=ggplot(raw_data,aes(gender,fill=status))+geom_bar()+labs(x= "gender", y =
"Number of students")+theme_bw()+ggtitle("Gender distribution")
print(p1)
p2=ggplot(raw_data,aes(ssc_b,fill=status))+geom_bar()+labs(x= "board", y =
"Number of students")+theme_bw()+ggtitle("Board in SSC")
print(p2)
p3=ggplot(raw_data,aes(hsc_b,fill=status))+geom_bar()+labs(x= "board", y =
"Number of students")+theme_bw()+ggtitle("Board in HSC")
print(p3)

p4=ggplot(raw_data,aes(degree_t,fill=status))+geom_bar()+labs(x= "Degree
specialization in HSC", y = "Number of students")+theme_bw()+ggtitle("Field
for degree in HSC")
print(p4)
p5=ggplot(raw_data,aes(work_exp,fill=status))+geom_bar()+labs(x= "Work
experience", y = "Number of students")+theme_bw()+ggtitle("Work Experience")
print(p5)
p6=ggplot(raw_data,aes(specialisation,fill=status))+geom_bar()+labs(x=
"specialization", y = "Number of students")+theme_bw()
+ggtitle("Specialisation")
print(p6)

p7=ggplot(raw_data,aes(status,fill=status))+geom_bar()+labs(x= "status", y =
"Number of students")+theme_bw()+ggtitle("Placement Status")
print(p7)
2.3 Logistic Regression #setting up the envrionment
## [[1]]
## NULL
##
## [[2]]
## NULL

#loading data
data_lr <- read_csv("Placement_Data_Full_Class.csv")
head(data_lr)

## # A tibble: 6 x 15
## sl_no gender ssc_p ssc_b hsc_p hsc_b hsc_s degree_p degree_t work_exp
etest_p
## <dbl> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr> <dbl> <chr> <chr>
<dbl>
## 1 1 M 67 Others 91 Othe~ Comm~ 58 Sci&Tech No
55
## 2 2 M 79.3 Centr~ 78.3 Othe~ Scie~ 77.5 Sci&Tech Yes
86.5
## 3 3 M 65 Centr~ 68 Cent~ Arts 64 Comm&Mg~ No
75
## 4 4 M 56 Centr~ 52 Cent~ Scie~ 52 Sci&Tech No
66
## 5 5 M 85.8 Centr~ 73.6 Cent~ Comm~ 73.3 Comm&Mg~ No
96.8
## 6 6 M 55 Others 49.8 Othe~ Scie~ 67.2 Sci&Tech Yes
55
## # ... with 4 more variables: specialisation <chr>, mba_p <dbl>, status
<chr>,
## # salary <dbl>

#Converting the variables to factor variables:

data_lr <- data_lr %>% mutate(across(where(is.character), as.factor))

Salary and serial no. has been excluded from the dataset as it helds no importance in the
particular dataset.
data_lr <- data_lr[, names(data_lr) != "salary"]
data_lr <- data_lr[, names(data_lr) != "sl_no"]

library(ISLR)
library(broom)
raw_data$status <- as.factor(raw_data$status)
str(raw_data)

## spec_tbl_df [215 x 15] (S3: spec_tbl_df/tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)

## $ sl_no : num [1:215] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## $ gender : Factor w/ 2 levels "F","M": 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 ...
## $ ssc_p : num [1:215] 67 79.3 65 56 85.8 ...
## $ ssc_b : Factor w/ 2 levels "Central","Others": 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 1
1 1 ...
## $ hsc_p : num [1:215] 91 78.3 68 52 73.6 ...
## $ hsc_b : Factor w/ 2 levels "Central","Others": 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 1
1 1 ...
## $ hsc_s : Factor w/ 3 levels "Arts","Commerce",..: 2 3 1 3 2 3 2
3 2 2 ...
## $ degree_p : num [1:215] 58 77.5 64 52 73.3 ...
## $ degree_t : Factor w/ 3 levels "Comm&Mgmt","Others",..: 3 3 1 3 1 3
1 3 1 1 ...
## $ work_exp : Factor w/ 2 levels "No","Yes": 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 ...
## $ etest_p : num [1:215] 55 86.5 75 66 96.8 ...
## $ specialisation: Factor w/ 2 levels "Mkt&Fin","Mkt&HR": 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1
1 1 ...
## $ mba_p : num [1:215] 58.8 66.3 57.8 59.4 55.5 ...
## $ status : Factor w/ 2 levels "Not Placed","Placed": 2 2 2 1 2 1 1
2 2 1 ...
## $ salary : num [1:215] 270000 200000 250000 NA 425000 NA NA 252000
231000 NA ...
## - attr(*, "spec")=
## .. cols(
## .. sl_no = col_double(),
## .. gender = col_character(),
## .. ssc_p = col_double(),
## .. ssc_b = col_character(),
## .. hsc_p = col_double(),
## .. hsc_b = col_character(),
## .. hsc_s = col_character(),
## .. degree_p = col_double(),
## .. degree_t = col_character(),
## .. work_exp = col_character(),
## .. etest_p = col_double(),
## .. specialisation = col_character(),
## .. mba_p = col_double(),
## .. status = col_character(),
## .. salary = col_double()
## .. )
## - attr(*, "problems")=<externalptr>

The data has not been split in test and train models as the logistic regression classification
model for this particular analysis is being used only for the inference.
#lr
data_lrreg <- glm(status~ssc_p+ hsc_p+ degree_p+ etest_p+
mba_p+work_exp,data=data_lr,family=binomial)
summary(data_lrreg)

##
## Call:
## glm(formula = status ~ ssc_p + hsc_p + degree_p + etest_p + mba_p +
## work_exp, family = binomial, data = data_lr)
##
## Deviance Residuals:
## Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
## -2.27823 -0.16917 0.09277 0.39739 2.15789
##
## Coefficients:
## Estimate Std. Error z value Pr(>|z|)
## (Intercept) -14.92282 4.06989 -3.667 0.000246 ***
## ssc_p 0.19449 0.03800 5.119 3.07e-07 ***
## hsc_p 0.11947 0.03525 3.390 0.000700 ***
## degree_p 0.15014 0.04789 3.135 0.001717 **
## etest_p -0.01019 0.01961 -0.520 0.603197
## mba_p -0.22856 0.04993 -4.577 4.71e-06 ***
## work_expYes 2.26507 0.64606 3.506 0.000455 ***
## ---
## Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1
##
## (Dispersion parameter for binomial family taken to be 1)
##
## Null deviance: 266.77 on 214 degrees of freedom
## Residual deviance: 112.20 on 208 degrees of freedom
## AIC: 126.2
##
## Number of Fisher Scoring iterations: 7
The residual deviance is lower with 208 degrees of freedom, thus it can be interpreted that
the model is better at predicting the value of the response variable
#Confustion Matrix
glm.probs = predict(data_lrreg,type="response")
glm.pred = rep("Not Placed",215)
glm.pred[glm.probs>0.5] = "Placed"
table(glm.pred, data_lr$status)

##
## glm.pred Not Placed Placed
## Not Placed 50 9
## Placed 17 139

misclassification = 26/215*100
misclassification

## [1] 12.09302

According to the confusion matrix, our model has predicted 17 candidates are “Not Placed”
although they are “Placed” and 9 candidates as “Placed” although they are “Not Placed”
So, given the observation, the model accurately predicts ~88% of the time, whether a
candidate is Placed or Not Placed.
26 students out of 215 are misclassified. Giving us an accuracy of 87.90698%.