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Python/v3
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analysis) > FFT Filters page analysis/fft-filters/)

FFT Filters
in Python/v3
Learn how filter out the frequencies of a signal by using low-pass, high-pass and band-pass FFT
filtering.

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Imports
The tutorial below imports NumPy (http://www.numpy.org/), Pandas
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11/14/21, 6:17 AM Python Fft Filters

import plotly.plotly as py

import plotly.graph_objs as go

import plotly.figure_factory as ff

import numpy as np

import pandas as pd

import scipy

from scipy import signal

Import Data
An FFT Filter is a process that involves mapping a time signal from time-space to frequency-
space in which frequency becomes an axis. By mapping to this space, we can get a better
picture for how much of which frequency is in the original time signal and we can ultimately
cut some of these frequencies out to remap back into time-space. Such filter types include
low-pass, where lower frequencies are allowed to pass and higher ones get cut off -, high-
pass, where higher frequencies pass, and band-pass, which selects only a narrow range or
"band" of frequencies to pass through.

Let us import some stock data to apply FFT Filtering:

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data = pd.read_csv('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/plotly/datasets/master/wind_s
peed_laurel_nebraska.csv')

df = data[0:10]

table = ff.create_table(df)

py.iplot(table, filename='wind-data-sample')

10 Min Std Dev Time 10 M

2.73 2001-06-11 11:00 22.3

1.98 2001-06-11 11:10 23.0

1.87 2001-06-11 11:20 23.3

2.03 2001-06-11 11:30 22.0

3.1 2001-06-11 11:40 20.5

2.3 2001-06-11 11:50 25.2

2.46 2001-06-11 12:00 24.8

1.87 2001-06-11 12:10 24.0

1.71 2001-06-11 12:20 22.9

1.76 2001-06-11 12:30 EDIT CHART

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Plot the Data

Let's look at our data in its raw form before doing any filtering.

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trace1 = go.Scatter(

x=list(range(len(list(data['10 Min Std Dev'])))),

y=list(data['10 Min Std Dev']),

mode='lines',

name='Wind Data'

layout = go.Layout(

showlegend=True

trace_data = [trace1]

fig = go.Figure(data=trace_data, layout=layout)

py.iplot(fig, filename='wind-raw-data-plot')

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Low-Pass Filter
A Low-Pass Filter is used to remove the higher frequencies in a signal of data.

fc is the cutoff frequency as a fraction of the sampling rate, and b is the transition band also
as a function of the sampling rate. N must be an odd number in our calculation as well.

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fc = 0.1

b = 0.08

N = int(np.ceil((4 / b)))

if not N % 2: N += 1

n = np.arange(N)

sinc_func = np.sinc(2 * fc * (n - (N - 1) / 2.))

window = 0.42 - 0.5 * np.cos(2 * np.pi * n / (N - 1)) + 0.08 * np.cos(4 * np.pi * n

/ (N - 1))

sinc_func = sinc_func * window

sinc_func = sinc_func / np.sum(sinc_func)

s = list(data['10 Min Std Dev'])

new_signal = np.convolve(s, sinc_func)

trace1 = go.Scatter(

x=list(range(len(new_signal))),

y=new_signal,

mode='lines',

name='Low-Pass Filter',

marker=dict(

color='#C54C82'

layout = go.Layout(

title='Low-Pass Filter',

showlegend=True

trace_data = [trace1]

fig = go.Figure(data=trace_data, layout=layout)

py.iplot(fig, filename='fft-low-pass-filter')

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Low-Pass Filter

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High-Pass Filter
Similarly a High-Pass Filter will remove the lower frequencies from a signal of data.

Again, fc is the cutoff frequency as a fraction of the sampling rate, and b is the transition
band also as a function of the sampling rate. N must be an odd number.

Only by performing a spectral inversion afterwards after setting up our Low-Pass Filter will
we get the High-Pass Filter.

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fc = 0.1

b = 0.08

N = int(np.ceil((4 / b)))

if not N % 2: N += 1

n = np.arange(N)

sinc_func = np.sinc(2 * fc * (n - (N - 1) / 2.))

window = np.blackman(N)

sinc_func = sinc_func * window

sinc_func = sinc_func / np.sum(sinc_func)

# reverse function

sinc_func = -sinc_func

sinc_func[int((N - 1) / 2)] += 1

s = list(data['10 Min Std Dev'])

new_signal = np.convolve(s, sinc_func)

trace1 = go.Scatter(

x=list(range(len(new_signal))),

y=new_signal,

mode='lines',

name='High-Pass Filter',

marker=dict(

color='#424242'

layout = go.Layout(

title='High-Pass Filter',

showlegend=True

trace_data = [trace1]

fig = go.Figure(data=trace_data, layout=layout)

py.iplot(fig, filename='fft-high-pass-filter')

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High-Pass Filter

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Band-Pass Filter
The Band-Pass Filter will allow you to reduce the frequencies outside of a defined range of
frequencies. We can think of it as low-passing and high-passing at the same time.

In the example below, fL and fH are the low and high cutoff frequencies respectively as a
fraction of the sampling rate.

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fL = 0.1

fH = 0.3

b = 0.08

N = int(np.ceil((4 / b)))

if not N % 2: N += 1 # Make sure that N is odd.

n = np.arange(N)

# low-pass filter

hlpf = np.sinc(2 * fH * (n - (N - 1) / 2.))

hlpf *= np.blackman(N)

hlpf = hlpf / np.sum(hlpf)

# high-pass filter

hhpf = np.sinc(2 * fL * (n - (N - 1) / 2.))

hhpf *= np.blackman(N)

hhpf = hhpf / np.sum(hhpf)

hhpf = -hhpf

hhpf[int((N - 1) / 2)] += 1

h = np.convolve(hlpf, hhpf)

s = list(data['10 Min Std Dev'])

new_signal = np.convolve(s, h)

trace1 = go.Scatter(

x=list(range(len(new_signal))),

y=new_signal,

mode='lines',

name='Band-Pass Filter',

marker=dict(

color='#BB47BE'

layout = go.Layout(

title='Band-Pass Filter',

showlegend=True

trace_data = [trace1]

fig = go.Figure(data=trace_data, layout=layout)

py.iplot(fig, filename='fft-band-pass-filter')

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Band-Pass Filter

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