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Cellular Level Module Lesson 1

The document discusses the key parts and functions of cells. It states that cells are the smallest living units in the body and have three main parts: the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The plasma membrane forms the cell's outer boundary and is selectively permeable. The cytoplasm contains organelles and cytosol. The nucleus houses DNA and controls cellular activities. Learning these parts and their functions is the learning outcome.

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Catherine Sinen Obinque
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28 views

Cellular Level Module Lesson 1

The document discusses the key parts and functions of cells. It states that cells are the smallest living units in the body and have three main parts: the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. The plasma membrane forms the cell's outer boundary and is selectively permeable. The cytoplasm contains organelles and cytosol. The nucleus houses DNA and controls cellular activities. Learning these parts and their functions is the learning outcome.

Uploaded by

Catherine Sinen Obinque
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Learning Outcomes

When you have finished studying this chapter you will be able to:
1. Define a cell and its basic activities.
2. Name and describe the three (3) major parts of a cell and its functions.

In the previous chapter you learned about the atoms and molecules that compose
the alphabet of the language of the human body. These are combined into about 200
different types of words called cells—living structural and functional units enclosed
by a membrane. All cells arise from existing cells by the process of cell division, in
which one cell divides into two identical cells.
Different types of cells fulfill unique roles that support homeostasis and contribute
to the many functional capabilities of the human organism. Just as bricks and timbers
are the structural units of a house, cells are structural units of all living things. The
human body has about 50 to 100 trillion cells.

Image 2.1 A generalized body cell

Human Anatomy and Physiology – First Semester, School Year 2021 to 2022 (Midterm)
54

Cells are the smallest living units in the body. Each cell performs all the functions
necessary to sustain life.
• It can obtain nutrients and other essential substances from the surrounding
body fluids and use these nutrients to make the molecules it needs to survive.
• Each cell also disposes of its wastes and maintains its shape and integrity.
• Finally, cells can replicate themselves.
These functions are carried out by the cell’s many subunits, most of which are
called organelles (“little organs”).

Human cells have three (3) main parts:

1. Plasma membrane/cell membrane/plasmalemma


• forms the cell’s outer boundary
• separates the cell’s internal environment (inside the cell) from the
outside environment (outside the cell)
• a selective barrier - helps establish and maintain the appropriate
environment for normal cellular activities.
• plays a role in cellular communication
2. Cytoplasm
• all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
• two (2) components of cytoplasm:
o cytosol - the fluid portion, mostly water, also called intracellular
fluid
o organelles - subcellular structures having characteristic shapes and
specific functions
3. Nucleus
• large organelle that contains deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
• contains chromosomes, each of which consists of a single molecule of DNA
and associated proteins
• controls cellular activities and lies near the cell’s center
• a chromosome contains thousands of hereditary units called genes

Human Anatomy and Physiology – First Semester, School Year 2021 to 2022 (Midterm)
55

2.1. True or False. Write T before the number if the statement is true.
Write F if the statement is false. Write your answers on the space provided.

________ 1. Cells are the smallest living units in the body.


________ 2. Some cells arise from existing cells by the process of cell
division, in which one cell divides into two alike cells.
________ 3. Cells can obtain nutrients and other essential substances
from the surrounding body fluids and use these nutrients
to make the molecules it needs to survive.
________ 4. All cells can replicate themselves.
________ 5. The functions are carried out by the cell’s many subunits,
most of which are called organs.
________ 6. Plasma membrane contains chromosomes, each of which
consists of a single molecule of DNA and associated
proteins.
________ 7. Nucleus is a large organelle that contains
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
________ 8. The main parts of a human cell are organelle, nucleus and
plasma membrane.
________ 9. The cytoplasm is also called the extracellular fluid.
________ 10. Plasma membrane is a selective barrier.

2.2. Identification. Identify the terms being describe. Write your answers
on the space provided.

________ 1. It is the smallest living unit in the body.


________ 2. It contains chromosomes, each of which consists of a
single molecule of DNA and associated proteins
________ 3. Part of the cell that is designed to hold the cell together
and to isolate it as a distinct functional unit.
________ 4. It helps establish and maintain the appropriate
environment for normal cellular activities.
________ 5. These are all the cellular contents between the plasma
membrane and the nucleus.

Module activity is uploaded in Edmodo. You may answer and


submit it in Edmodo.

Good job! After answering this activity, you may now


proceed with lesson 2. Enjoy and have fun reading.

Human Anatomy and Physiology – First Semester, School Year 2021 to 2022 (Midterm)

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