Traffic Congestion: Transportation System Issues and Challenges

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
INTRODUCTION:
• The transportation system exist to meet perceived social and

economic needs
• As changes occur these needs and as the transportation system
evolves, situations arise is which transportation is regarded as a
“PROBLEM” (i.e. being inadequate to serve the public interest or
possibly threatening it).
•
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
• Traffic congestion exist wherever demand exceed the capacity of

transportation system
• Mostly in urban highway system (on major freeways and at
intersection on arterial streets.
• Congested airspace at commercial airport, or sometimes congestion
due to inadequate terminal facilities
• Congestion of facilities is rare for other modes
MANAGING TRAFFIC CONGESTION
• Build more capacity.

• Using the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS).
• Improvement of traditional form of traffic control.
• Better urban land use planning.
• Preferential parking for carpool.
• Special HOV facilities.
•
TRAFFIC SAFETY
-vehicles moving on a road or public highway.
CAUSES OF TRAFFIC
 PATHOLES
 ENGINE FAILURES
 HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
 ACCIDENT
 FLOODS
ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY

-refers to the methods and measures used to prevent road users from
being killed or seriously injured.
EQUALITY OF ACCESS
 Provide equal access to
 The poor
 The elderly
 The physically handicapped
 The poor
 Can’t afford to own automobiles
 Mass-transit system normally trying to compete with auto – put
more incentives to choice riders rather than captive riders
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
• Site-specific impacts:
- Relocation of residents and business due to construction, noise,
wildlife, water quality, visual impacts, temporary impacts during
construction and impacts resulting from construction of
transportation facilities in environmentally sensitive areas.
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS

 FLOOD PLAINS
 WETLANDS
 COASTAL ZONE
 PRIME AGRICULTURAL
 HISTORICAL SITES
 WILD/ SCENIC RIVERS
System-level impacts
 air quality, energy consumption, land use .
Major thrust via energy public policies
o Develop improved vehicle technologies – gasoline-mileage

standards, incentives to improve technology
o Develop new fuels that substitute for petroleum – gasohol, bio-
diesel, etc., research, tax incentives
o Air pollution: Major concern, use of highway vehicles in
densely populated metropolitan areas
o Impacts: Brown smog, ozone levels, CO, CO2 (Global warming)
o Clean Air Act Amendments 1970, 1977, 1990 focuses on
o Vehicle technology – emission control devices
o Vehicle maintenance – vehicle inspection
o Successful to reduce emission rate (emission/VMT) but offset
by the growth of VMT
o VMT – vehicle – mile of travel
NEW TECHNOLOGY
• Adjustment of the transportation system to new technology is a

constant challenge.
• New vehicular technology, or system concept (containerized freight
shipping)
• The last really major change to achieve widespread implementation

was the introduction of commercial jet aircraft in the late 1950s.
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS):
 Previously Intelligent Vehicle and Highway System (IVHS)

1991
 Is an advanced application which embodying intelligence,
Aims to provide innovative services relating to
different modes of transport and traffic management and
enable users to be better informed and make safer, more
coordinated, and 'smarter' use of transport networks.
The Goal of the ITS program are:
• To improve safety.
• Reduce congestion.
• Improve mobility and accessibility.
• Reduce the environmental impact of the transportation
system.
• Increase energy efficiency.
• Improve economic productivity
• Create a domestic ITS industry.
In 1994, ITS America adopted a classification of what it calls ITS

user services that outline the scope of the ITS effort. These
include:
 Travel and transportation management

 Travel demand management
 Public transportation operations
 Commercial vehicle operations.
 Emergency management.
 Advanced vehicle control and safety systems.
The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is

eyeing to adopt the intelligent transport system (ITS) being used
by South Korea to effectively address the traffic situation in Metro
Manila.
FUNDING
-Is the act of providing financial resources, usually in the

form of money, or other values such as effort or time, to finance
a need, program, and project, usually by an organization or
company.
Securing adequate financial resources
• Public agencies: not adequate transport finance drawn from

general funds – competitive with other needs
 Fuel taxes – sometimes not so effective
 Toll financing – for expensive facilities, make higher
cost
• Special financing programs – revenue bonds
• Private firms: granted franchise to operate, can access larger
capital sources
Other problems
• Increasing costs – construction costs, litigation costs (tort

law), maintenance costs
• Low number of passengers – example: scheduled
transpiration services
 Airline – responds by price discrimination strategy to
increase revenue
 Government services: price regulation – create unfair
advantage for one mode, ex. trucking and rail
• Deferred maintenance: increase operating costs and safety
problems, ex. Railroad
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT
- Response to perceived deficiencies in the existing system.

-
MOST CONSPICUOUS AND ENDURING AREAS OF
INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE
1) Adjustments to the relationship between public and private
sector and
2) Attempts to overcome modal and jurisdiction fragmentation.

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TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ISSUES AND CHALLENGES

• The transportation system exist to meet perceived social and

• Traffic congestion exist wherever demand exceed the capacity of

MANAGING TRAFFIC CONGESTION

• Build more capacity.

ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY

ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS

o Develop improved vehicle technologies – gasoline-mileage

• Adjustment of the transportation system to new technology is a

• The last really major change to achieve widespread implementation

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS):

 Previously Intelligent Vehicle and Highway System (IVHS)

In 1994, ITS America adopted a classification of what it calls ITS

 Travel and transportation management

The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is

-Is the act of providing financial resources, usually in the

Securing adequate financial resources

• Public agencies: not adequate transport finance drawn from

• Increasing costs – construction costs, litigation costs (tort

- Response to perceived deficiencies in the existing system.

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