NMIMS Global Access

School for Continuing Education (NGA-SCE)

Internal Assignment Applicable for June 2021 Examination

SAP ID: 77219121946

Program Name: PGDM OPERATION MANAGEMENT
Subject Name: Operations and Supply Chain Strategies

1. Mr. Gupta is supply chain manager at Mega Mart one of the leading retail
organization. In the initial days of COVID 19 situation there was sudden rise
in demand of FMCG products. It was different kind of the disruption for the
retail industry. In that scenario every business required some competitive
edge to sustain in market. Discuss different supply chain drivers with Mr.
Gupta that ultimately helps Mega Mart to enables entire supply chain.

Answer (1):

Introduction: Operations and Supply Chain Strategy is the setting of wide

approaches and plans for utilizing the association's assets ideally. This should be
coordinated with corporate methodology. Operations effectiveness is performing
exercises in a way that best executes vital needs at least expense. Inventory
network techniques includes procedures which helps in the progression of data and
items between and among inventory network stages to expand benefit. The
significant capacities associated with Supply Chain Management are the
acquisition of crude materials, item advancement, showcasing, activities,
dissemination, money, and client administrations.

Concepts and Applications: Operations strategy is the plan developed by the

supervisory crew of an association to assign financing to the business. A very
much created tasks system will bring about the making of creation and backing
capacities that are savvy. The strategic drivers are offices, stock, and
transportation. Stock means every crude material, WIP (Work on progress), and
completed merchandise in an inventory network. Data will be information about

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offices, stock, transportation, expenses, costs and clients all through the production
network, likewise gives dispatching choice to chiefs

All activities measures make them thing in like manner, they all take their 'inputs'
like, crude materials, information, capital, gear and time and change them into
yields (labor and products). They do this in an unexpected way, and the primary
four are known as the Four V's to be specific

1)Volume

2) Variety

3) Variation

4) Visibility

Each business works along four fundamental operational exercises, these are
referenced underneath: finance, customers, internal processes, and learning and
advancements.
As an operations manager there are four fundamental systems you can execute in
your activities the executives to assist it with performing. These are item center,
measure center, tedious concentration and mass customization. These
methodologies can assist you with improving your activities.

Retailers are the individuals who sells the items and administrations
straightforwardly to the client. Retailer are the fundamental end association
between an item and a client.

To endure the given conditions, the retailer should keep up low stock to create
quicker deals dependent on low costs and worth. It helps in keeping up low stock
which permits the proprietor to keep costs low and thus draw in immense clients. It
additionally helps in recharging new things whenever stock is gone which
eventually give client new items which persuades them to buy it. Appeal joined
with low cost prompts expanded deals for retail business.

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Retailer ought to likewise begin conveying the items and administrations on
entryway venture inside time limit which assists with making individuals more
protected and agreeable.
Robotization in Mart ought to likewise be done as such as to diminish the shopping
season of client and preparing season of the sales rep. Presentation of standardized
identification scanner and other online installment administrations can be set up for
that.

For a situation like this business situation "key fit methods adjusting store network
system with cutthroat procedure." Companies construct a serious technique to
focus on a bunch of client portions and fabricate methodologies to fulfill
requirements and needs of those client fragments

Store network comprises of six fundamental drivers which are subcategorized into
two classifications to be specific

1) Logistical driver

2) And cross functional driver.

Strategic driver comprises of three drivers in particular

1) Information
2) Sourcing
3) Pricing

Offices incorporates the area of retailer from the focused on client. the distance
among shop and stockroom likewise goes under this classification. The shop ought
to be found close by to the focused on client and stockroom ought to be close with
the goal that the material transportation time diminishes.

The old inventories ought to be puts first and new stock of the items ought to be
put a while later for appropriate pivot of approaching items. The stock ought to be
requested before the thing arrives at cradle stock

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The development of items ought to be made least between provider, merchant,
distribution center and retailer(mart)

Cross capacity driver comprises of three subcategorized drivers specifically

1) Information

2) Sourcing

3) Pricing

Data fundamentally manages the gauging of the items later on, ongoing requests of
clients, kind of items and administrations required. It additionally all data about
inventory network of items and different variables that influences the accessibility
and valuing of items

Sourcing alludes to a variety of business measure used to buy and convey items
and administrations. It likewise decides specific items and administrations ought to
be made in-house or provided from rethinking.

Estimating is the last and most urgent driver for the item to be effective on the
lookout. Estimating is a real sum charged by association for an item or
administration they are advertising.

Conclusion: As referenced and examined if the supply chain drivers are worked
and continued in a legitimate way it will assist with skipping back the shop to
make unprecedented benefits and to operate mart more smoothly and easily.

2. Mr. Bansal was working with reputed tuition classes and having rich
experience in teaching. One-day innovative idea came to his mind to start
online classes. This idea will give Mr. Bansal more students and better
geographic reach. Suddenly he left the job and started his online classes
business. He struggles a lot in initial days of business but later he manages his
business in break even. Explain existing situation of online
learning classes with respected to industry life cycle.

Answer (2):
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Introduction: The industry life cycle refers to the evolution of an industry or
business through five stages based on the business characteristics commonly
displayed in each phase. The Industry life cycle implies the pattern of advancement
or beginning of industry or business till definite stage where the business at long
last beginnings declining. The various periods of an industry life cycle are the
introduction, growth, maturity, and decline stages.
Concepts and applications: Industry cycles uncover fundamental data to you about
development possibilities, openings, and difficulties, just as supply chains, corporate
methodologies, and their benefits.

The business cycle influences organization procedure and company profits. Each
stage affects the organization. The business players' numbers and size change with
the cycle, as do advertise size and request. Expenses, such as promoting,
additionally change all through the cycle.

Each aggressive power's qualities and nature likewise change when an industry
develops, particularly the boundaries to section and the force of rivalry among
existing organizations. Subsequently, each phase of the existence cycle will require
various abilities and vital methodologies for the organization to perform well.

An industry life cycle portrays the different stages where business work, progress
and droop inside an industry. Ana industry life cycle ordinarily comprises of five
phases – startup, development, shakeout, development, and decrease. These stages
can keep going for various measure of time-some can be months; some can be years.

Startup stage:

At the startup stage, client interest for web based learning classes is restricted
because of newness to the new item's highlights and execution. Conveyance
channels are as yet immature. Guardians and understudies are very little mindful of
the online method of classes and training framework. The computerized idea of
training is likewise exceptionally new to understudies and guardians and it will
require some an ideal opportunity for them to be acquainted with the new ideas

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Organizations at the startup stage are probably going to produce zero or
exceptionally low income and experience negative incomes and benefits, because of
the huge measure of capital at first put resources into innovation, gear, and other
fixed expenses

Growth stage:

As the idea of internet taking in classes gradually stands out from a greater market
portion, the schooling area proceeds onward to the Growth stage where benefit
begins to rise. Improvement in internet learning classes highlights builds the worth
to clients. Reciprocal administrations like live connection an uncertainty freedom
meeting and so forth additionally begin to open up on the lookout, so individuals
have more noteworthy advantages from buying the web based learning classes
administration and its supplements. As request expands, cost goes down, which
further builds client interest

At the Growth stage, income proceeds to rise and the instruction area begin creating
positive incomes and benefits as item income and expenses outperform equal the
initial investment

Shakeout stage:

Shakeout for the most part alludes to the combination of an industry. Some internet
learning classes are normally killed on the grounds that they can't develop alongside
the business or are as yet producing negative incomes. Some little online classes
converge with greater contenders or are procured by the individuals who had the
option to get greater portions of the overall industry at the development stage

At the shakeout stage, the development pace of income, incomes, and benefit begin
easing back down as the business approaches development

Maturity stage:

At the Maturity stage, most of the online classes specialist co-op in the schooling
area are grounded and the business arrives at its immersion point. These
organizations by and large endeavor to direct the force of rivalry to secure
themselves, and to keep up benefit by receiving systems to deflect the passage of

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new contenders into the business. They likewise foster methodologies to turn into a
prevailing player and lessen contention

At this stage, internet learning classes acknowledge greatest income, benefits, and
incomes since client request is genuinely high and steady. internet learning classes
become more typical and mainstream among the overall population, and the costs
are genuinely sensible.

Decline stage:

The Decline stage is the last phase of an industry life cycle. The power of rivalry in a
declining industry relies upon a few components: speed of decay, the tallness of
leave hindrances, and the degree of fixed expenses. To manage the decrease, some
web based learning classes may decide to zero in on their most beneficial product
offerings or administrations to amplify benefits and stay in the business. Some
bigger web based learning classes specialist organization will endeavour to get more
modest or bombing contenders to turn into the predominant player. For the
individuals who are confronting tremendous misfortunes and that don't accept there
are freedoms to endure, divestment will be their ideal decision

Conclusions: The meaning of a life cycle is the arrangement of changes that

happen to a business throughout the span of its lifetime directly from development
or start up and afterward development, development and last decay. A movement
through a progression of contrasting phases of advancement. Online class will be
an incredible business whenever did and executed with legitimate systems and
plan.

3. XYZ Ltd Tourism Company running business from last 10 years and have
many good customer base. Company also operated offices in multiple cities.
But due to COVID 19 company faced a lots of challenges. Because of such
pandemic situation people were not traveling and not using any of company’s
service. At the same time company was not able to generate revenue and not
able provide salaries to employees.

a. You are appointed as business consultant in the organization. Suggest some

corporate level strategies that ultimately helps them.
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b. Should company use retrenchment strategy or not? Discuss

Answer (3 a):
Introduction: An strategic plan is a procedure that is formulated to accomplish in
general objectives set by a business, representing assets, market limitations, partner
requests and that's only the tip of the iceberg. An essential arrangement focuses on
the future, where the business needs to be, not where it right now is. The corporate
level strategies & procedures are planned to cover the in general corporate target of
any association.
Concept and application: The corporate level strategy center around each
arrangement of all specialty units at the same time and attempt to address two
essential inquiries which are
1)In what business the business should arrangement to amplify its benefit
2)And which jobs and methodologies the association should play to increment
monetary and non-financial worth of the association.
The three degrees of system in any business are:
•Corporate level system: This level answers the central inquiry of what you need to
accomplish. What items and administrations should association zero in on?
•Business unit level technique: This level spotlights on how you will execute the
choice made in the corporate level system
•Market level methodology: This system level spotlights on how you will develop
and search for promoting and deals of items and administration.
The corporate level strategy provides essential rules and guidance to an association
for performing various tasks. In the above question as a business specialist
following will be the corporate level systems that I will propose.
1)Usage of legitimate sterile and individual assurance of protection gears and make
them accessible for clients for nothing. Give covers, sanitizers and Carry
thermometer to check the temperature at each 6-hour stretch to screen any early
side effects of the pandemic.

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2)Offer energizing package: the organization ought to offer types of assistance at
exceptionally energizing and exciting price.
3)Ensure their security all through the excursions (inns, transport, vehicles and so
forth), Get the lodgings, vehicles, and different frill disinfected after each client has
utilized the offices.
4)Follow and work as indicated by government rules and go on outings to safe and
less crowdy spots.
5)Ensure clinical security and help all through the visit, reach out to nearby
specialist and medical clinic and ensure the assistance is accessible at its most
punctual if there should be an occurrence of crisis
6)Facility of food and different administrations will be given at a similar spot
where the visitor is remaining and consequently staying away from the cooperation
with public spots
7)Provide the fundamental compensation to each worker and cut down other un
vital impetuses and furthermore apply telecommute and work from home
techniques to save overhead charges.
Conclusion: The function of corporate level strategy is to diagram the general
system for the whole association, characterize the market where association will
work and plan how to enter these market and gain upper hands. On above
mentioned procedures the organization will actually want to produce income and
give pay to employees.

Answer (3 b):

Introduction:  A retrenchment strategy involves the surrender of those items or

administrations, which are not, at this point productive for the association. It
likewise incorporates withdrawal of the business from those business sectors where
even food is troublesome. Furthermore, a conservation system additionally brings
about decrease of the quantity of workers, and offer of resources related with
stopped item or administration line.
Concepts and Applications: Retrenchment is followed when an association
focuses on withdrawal of its exercises through generous decrease or disposal of the
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extent of at least one of its organizations as far as their separate client gatherings,
client capacities, or elective advances - either independently or mutually – to
improve its general exhibition. The significant explanations behind receiving
Retrenchment strategy are:

(1) The administration no longer wishes to stay in business either part of the way
or entirely because of ceaseless misfortunes and the association getting unviable.

(2) The climate confronted is undermining.

(3) Stability can be guaranteed by redistribution of assets from unfruitful to

productive organizations

Retrenchment strategy is a corporate level procedure that expects to diminish the

size or variety of hierarchical tasks. On occasion, it additionally turns into a way to
guarantee an association's monetary steadiness. This is finished by lessening the
use. A Retrenchment strategy is a plan to invigorate an association's fundamental
unmistakable capability.

Retrenchment strategy is a type of excusal because of no flaw of the representative,

it is a cycle whereby the business audits its business needs to build benefits or
breaking point misfortunes, which prompts decreasing its workers

In the previously mentioned situation where the business isn't doing so well, I
would recommend for incomplete execution of conservation technique.

As the situation is as of now portrayed in the inquiry that business can't produce
income and give pay to the representative it will be better and truly necessary
advance to execute Retrenchment strategy. Following will be the advantages of
execute the technique.

1)Reduction in overhead expenses by decrease in transport remittances, food

stipends and different motivators

2)Reduced office working expenses and begin working from home

3)Elimination of non-esteem added capacities and exercises

4)Neutralizing outer pressing factor and bring emergency circumstance into control

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5)Withdraw items and fragments which are not, at this point productive
6)Reduction of offering cost to expand deals volume and consequently create
income

Previously mentioned are a few advantages and proportions of executing

conservation technique without really chopping down the size of worker in the
association. Consequently, keep up the basic beliefs of organization and not laying
off the best resource of organization for example representative in these tough
situations.

Conclusion: A retrenchment strategy focuses on the compression of organization’s

activities to improve execution. It is carried out to discover the pain points and the
means to determine them. This technique is embraced when an association endures
nonstop misfortunes.

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