0

og

¥5B

}
&

i
 MOMENT OF A FORCE
Worry
about
Solution
Scalar
the green live is perpendicular
moment
you get the maximum
the
in your equation if you feel ④ that's why you push
"" ⑤
.

" wrench that way to get action

Moment
is
the direction going § it 's line of
tie turning ☒

NING FORCE
maximum

- positive , (assuming only) "" +

About
green line
an axis
acts on this
The force
1 .

it also be a
can po.me
③
,
'
and tills as it moves
upto you .

but if confused use

angles as
!
§
"
•
basis

deals with Lqj it will rotation

'
'
, cause a

②
rotation
-
- -

-
form like
-
- -
-

:-. to this
*

{
.

that Force
if
"

Direction of a Moment AXIS Of rotation

①
we
this

it will
know

and push
rotate
we

it
'
up
grab
,

i.
-

Direction of a moment is
along moment axis a. now we can calculate if we have a aoo
Scalar Calculation
moment
direction of
away perpendicular
-

a is to plane Fd Mo :
Fd → moment
£
arm

right hard rube

( D= is distance from to line of action
-

(
axis
The moment about point O )
the line Ot action
acts
among

( doling mm ents
* what matters in this calculation is the force perpendicular to this moment arm that's
why it Fxd

5- i ' "

right hand rule

i
'

t Y
"

i da d
e,
, d

(MR)o
Fi
i
JI 1 = F. d ,
-
Fzdz + Food> 1

F0H
dz
'

end
e

do the of the wrench

you grab
*
end why
.

if then it is counterclockwise
product :S positive
. ,
he " "
because greater d creates bigger moment

.gg clockwise
- . . - - .

te end product then it

. , .

it
.

negative is
. .
.

is
.

F
.

line Of force
,

*-
what if he tore intersects the axis ?
rotation because to calculate the moment
-
no , only

perpendicular force acting on moment arm are creating the moment

Mo = Fd since f- is not
perpendicular component and parallel
N -
m or lb ft.
,

=(0 )( d)
*
When there is force there moment
no
perpendicular is no force ,
no
,
no rotation

Mr Vench’s Way for direction base it from center

"

O
"

•
guide assuming
assume what direction would
i.
your moment o be

all values that are he assumed direction are

positue and forces the opposite are negative
2.
going going
.

3 If the final Ot the

computation is
positive then assumed direction is correct otherwise the direction to its
opposite
answer , your , change .

We assume that the

"
"

rotation at point o is

same direction as he force m

*hth
because the force pushes the

By •Bq g.
Object to that direction

a. assume a direction BB MH
• E• Mo = Fd
a. assume
a. assume
b. substitute formula if the force is also µ
, going +7140 = Fd
the same direction as he assumed direction Mo = Fd

then its
positive .
b. find perpendicular distance to multiply to F
b. find
perpendicular / substitute formula
/
did not use

ÑMo=(40lb )
*

FEM 0=(50×1) ( 0.75m ) he 2m because ( 2 cos 30° ) 1- 4 ft

Mo =
(100N ) ( 2m) c. check if correct it's not the perpendicular
c. check
c. check if correct assumation Of direction
= 37.5014mF = 229.28 lbft
Mo = 200 Nm

a. assume

Mo : Fd
a. assure
Bag
•BTgGTl_
f- MANETTE
•
b. subs
/ perpend
Mo =
Fd
b. substitute / perpendicular Mo
:(7000N ) / 3m)
C. check
•
Fmo :(60lb)( 1 sin 459ft
21000 Nm 9
C. check

97140--42.43 lbft

a. assure

Mo -
-
Fd

i =/SON )(2m )
2=(-601-1) (Om )
Emo
3=1-20%3 sin 30 ]m = 333.9214m

4 =
40N [ 3 cos 301-4 ]m
Hey-10b¥ GRAPH NOT ON X OR Y-AXIS
1st step assume a direction

a. assume
( this will be the basis of the
sign of force )
your
:
Mo
= ← =B¥*
obey Fxdtfyd
-

2nd formula
-

step this =
In this And
y * situation Fx 4 Fy
applies Mo =
Fd

£2
to ore vector
only I
✗ a : assume
it vectors: BY
many Mo :
F. d t Fzd
F&^° b-
{Mo
.
. .

#
Fd
Fydt f-✗ d
=
* =
Mo =
Fx.dtfy.dtt-xzdtt-y.cl .
. .
. .

Fx }
since there is
Fy , disregard the vector
because
they are resulted to 2 vectors
ardsteep
:
find he perpendicular lire a-
your elector ex .

*
wren resulting avecto
=
§ ON ) ( 2.50545T 3m ) 23 83.88
Fx is
-:•
hen
perpendicular Fy= 5000N ( sin 45° ) F}M0= ( Fy)d + (E) d
it must come

a. to
from

object
tie

M )
-
- -
.
. .
" "

why?
based O

C- 300N ) (
on is

45
:
)( 3m 300 )
2.5 sin 530.33
-

because of 00N sin 45° cos

principle of r

÷ * "P

• Fy is perpendicular transmitting + (5000N cos 45° )( zsinzoo) +

j
' '

towline

"
" 5° ! f- 600N )(1) m
£000M ( SM 45°)
! Tp
=

find "d
"
tu
to"o
=
14.99 UN

E)
4- to then measure treeline from perpendicular tones m
=
C.check 1253.55 Nm
d >* ' " '"

sin opposite
-
-

:-D
-

cos: adjacent
since the tire to
opposite
-

is
are equal tie is sin
angie and opposite

!
tooter side :
apply same
A. assume Mo :
Fd

:(Fy ✗ d) Ex)( d)
→ b. Emo +

a. assume
:(100M¥ ) ( Sm) + (100M¥ ) ( 2m)
↳
Mo=Fd
b. substitute /
= 60N ( 5m ) +
( 80N ) 2m
perpendicular
c. Check
- E Mo =
Fxdtfyd

|
/ 460 Nm 9
§ ¢100M 30710 2) mt
=
=
Mo sin -

-
- É c. check
(4OONcos3§ 0.4m
98.86 NmF•

•
Equivalent Couples
moment with same
Simplification of a Force system 4 couple system as
2 couples produce a

magnitude
→

2 parallel forces with the same

magnitude redirection
30N Concurrent force systems
•
d
*
but opposite direction and are
separated 40N -
s
-

is one in which the lines of action of all

" "
•
perpendicular distance forces common 0
by d He intersect point
at a
a .

then tie force system produces no moment about

to the direction Of a couple
determine •
0.4m
•
re -

,
0.3m = =
12N ,m this point ,
as a result the equivalent systems
head
,
:
follow from arrow to tail of arrow * →
represented by resultant force
- -

can be a
single .

scenarios for easier

f- =
FR acting at 0
40N
*
q
30N
E. 200lb ( 4ft ) 450lb 13ft )
Emo
Coplanar
=
force systems
-

t 300lb ( 5ft )=O -

the lines of action of all forces lie in the same

plane
950lb ftp.
=

④%Mo= 0

& Emo = 600N sin 30 ( 0.2 )

+
f- 600N cos 3010.2 ) )
Replace the Force 4 couple system
→
= -43.92 Nm Given :
, →
= 43.4214m ↳ t E f- ✗ =D

3kNkos30° ) t 5h14/ %-) :O

TAE Mo f→ )/
= 0 Efx = 5.60kW →

① = tan
40012m) +30015mg TE 0 ZKN sin 300 -4km 5km ( 41s)
Fy
-
= =
Emo =
-
+

1- 2090.2 by an equivalent resultant force 4 e Fy =

-
6- 50km1 / 6. 50h14 Be = 49.25°
0
couple moment acting at point
• at point 0
FR = ⇐ Fx) 't (EFy7 meaning •
-
B
- -
-
-

••
-

FR 8.58 > 8.58km ↳ 49.25°

ftp.
= → =
=
↳

now to get moment ( after -0 4 Fr ) •

Ño=0
3ns in 30010.27m) 3h Ncos 30° ( 0.1 )m
0.2m)
t
Mo =
4km ( -

SKN (4/5) 0.5m -

5kNf¥/ f) ( 0.1m)

REDUCTION OS SIMPLE DISTRIBUTED LOAD =

2.46k Nm R

a body maybe subjected to a loading that is distributed over a surface

¥sF×=0
pressie exerted at each
point on tie surface indicates the density
Of loading
{ f- ✗
=
(50013/5) Ctu couple is D) but let's try -200N +200N = 0

49.40
= 300N →

/ ¥1 /
Loading along encountered FE 1--9=0
"
most
a
single axis common
type in
engineering practice
+ ton
-

①
.
•
=

(5004/5)
460.98N
{ Fy =
(-750×1) +

{ Fy = -350N
/ 350M¥ = 49.40°
FI Mo : 7501411.25m ) Fr = fÉtFZ
-

5001×(4×-113) =
460.98 ↳
1- 500 ( %-) ( 1m)
-
(couple ) 200N ( In)
= 37.50 Nm CBA

Magnitude Of Resultant Force

Determine location force the length of the whole
the magnitude 4 of tie equivalent resultant
figure
•

Fp
:[ 0
wlxldx
=/ A
DCA) :
A →
not a
perret triangle
in
figure

a. wldx)=dA 2

% twdx J
"

the of their
(60×2) dx
:
-

magnitude = A under loading diagram . SO .

. . when
solvinghe such integration
Given units
"

µ"aÉIÉ%Ion
remove o

Location of Resultant Force pawned ,

magnitude 4 location of tie equivalent resultant force initial length
L
✗ DA

/ %d×
t
xwtxdx solution :
2

g- Fr
=/ (DA ) Go 60×3
= =
=

1- 1pm Ef =p I 0

Jtwcx
0
, B O
)d✗ DA T 3 3

¥
because
② integral with 60 GO §
=
assuming in of replace ✗ -

figure majority change in Area

2 -
O
Ot force
f. with limits from
0 -

Length Fr =
160N to
0 is
starting point because it intersects ✗
hey DAD is 160N
and it's the
only point grin red part
tkcintrord
later ,
we will determine the distance from
point 0 Getting
60×-4
2

=/ ✗ DA J 2×60×2 60¥ ! ¥ 0

¥
dx
-

I ¥5
4
= °
o

= = =
= 1.50m measured from 0=15
=
=

✓ DA 60 [1¥ ] } 60 [1¥ ] ? ¥ O

ga
'
dx
-

60 ✗
o
 Free body diagram p :
pressure loading
we
multiplied to get new ( intensity) centre surface

8OQPsa

another method

He
solution :
EF :
Fp

Fe=fdA =

1^(800×110.2)
°
DX
since we know FR : A =
tzbh
€960 that this is
✗ dx
whole length
a triangle

µy
9m where he come
is applied 1
=
1219^717200 # 0.2m)
initial

160¥ / /
d× 6480N
Fp
= =
since the intersection is inhere

because there is no point and because

of it 's absence he centroid can

=/ uo[ ÷] -

iuo[ ÷]
a.mean * man
.

Fr 6480 N
•

centroid

s
↳
Mamma Point
since Marge
horrors for centroid from maxima
⇐

9
;¥:÷ "

1,9 3T¥
3ft .
I
lzh
Fi

=/
'

800×10.2)dx
= , : .
✗

HM
i '

if familiar with the

shape :
-
1
-
0
800×10.2)dx . . .

t.iq#s-*---ATB
- -

'

f! 21800)(0.2)d×
-

= ✗ .

the centroid of a
rectangle is always in

right
4.5ft
JJ
the middle so 9ft ; from left or

Solution :
✗ (800×0.2) DX

# (800*0.2)
EF
"
= 0
=

SF F. 1-1--2=0
↳t :

tore revenge forbearer

1800.CO#--tzbh
= triangle area +

tbh (only applicable for triangle)

method
=
tz @ft)(
50lb / ft) t
(9ft)( 100lb / ft) =
=
÷ Gm from intersection of ✗
Yy
another based from internet yanked by sin

you cutlet
=

because the ,
away
define
I
FR to help
gg Of
Zz L
=
:
675lb =
marge .

for j =
use moment

2g (
I = 9m) -
.
Um away from intersection

if
.SN#=EM FpCI)=FitFzydistanatromA measure
maxima
from I =

Iz L =
Ig 9m

=
250 ✗
(3 t 450lb ( 4.5ft )
=
3M measured
I =
225lb ↳ ft )

675lb
t 450lb ( 4.5T
from maxima
/ right
I =
41ft measured from A
-

always indicate .

É%(Mp)
in this determine 11×-1
question we must -

¢116.201b )( cos 38.66°) (d) €1751b)(5ft)(60lb )BftD

0
the distance
.at#dipuedeng
tone
of from
point
.
.

( 250154£)( 8ft)

€1751b)(5ft)(60lb )(3ft)
'

-
Gtsargdsa
nasi
y Fy
-
di naman stated
( 2501b¥)( 8ft)
-

325lb
① Find Fp
1- BE Fy=0
= 2.29ft
y
+
Esty : -4km +
8k144g EFy= -60kt -250lb 41g
EFy= 2. 40km7

+
→
Efx :O EFY
= -
260lb
(¥§µ1p)µ =
☒ ☒

EFX =
8km315 F- SFX =D 260lb ( X) -325 / b. ( il) €1751b)(5ft)(60lb )(3ft)
EFX =
4.8km →

EFX = -
175lb + (-250lb 31g) ( 2501b¥)( 8ft)

FR =F×2tFyÉ 325lb
• EFX
KNT 10.88ft
""
✗=
=
( 4.8ohm ] +4.40 • result the force
0

=
5.37k N AA
-2%-57 •
Fp : JÉt= = 416.20lb

d
in
deterring

1¥ ) ( FI) 38.66°
'

tan
-

o -
-
'
-
:
tan
, 0 :
•
(EMR ) o
=
{ Mo

= tan
- '
( +

⑤ BTKN sin 26.57 )

26.57°
T.cl#d)=4kNC1.s-m)+15kN.m-f8kN4/s-)L4.5)tf8kNYs.)(0-5m)
=

Z4%N÷d) :(4KNCI.s-mltls-KN.vn
-

(84-1%-714.5) t(8kN% )( 0.5m .

)
2. 40kW

☒ = 2.25m
?⃝
?⃝
n­
 TIPS IN CRACKING AND
COUPLE MOMENT EQUIVALENT
F- RESULTANT
ion
KEEP
CALM
If we have fy and fx to find for fr yhen we need to
compute for theta we need the Mor = Mo
Triangles
Tallest: 1/3
Shortest: 2/3
DRINK
If we have centroid based by formula no need for parabolic centroid Area
theta and follow the simple Mo=Fd to find for d ( )
Be wary of assumption in Mo turning left or right 3¥ =
for base
¥
SODA Be wary of right fx and up fy positives
(
3¥ = for height )

Be wary measure from point

Tip: Problem conditions (intersecting lina of action, equivalent couple, force resultant)
A. Check if the problem is arrows only, or area
:If arrows only use traditionaly finding the fx and fy with the direction. Then fr plus theta
:If with graph;
:if shapes, try using the formula for shapes (bxh for area of rectangle/force of area)force and
centroid (half of the shape; this will serve as the location of the force and d in the graph)
:if equation, use the formula for getting fr and centroid
B. Finding Fr
:arrows use square root fy2+fx2 then find theta
:shapes add the total forces got by the shapes, but it the shapes are not in x and y axis they will be similar to
arrows.
:equation, use the intergal formula
C. When Fr is found
:arrows, use MoR is same as Mo of the whole equation to find d with derived formula
:if with shapes, use Mo by using distance of the centroid of the shapes as d and force of area are multiplied
and add or by theta if fy and fx formula
:if with equation, use next formula for centroid
D.to find the distance
:arrows derive using Frdr=Fd1+Fd2+Fd3…
:shapes, use the formula M=Fd where your solved Mo is M and Fr is F, derive for d
: with equation use the formula Mo=Fd as Fr from formula as f and d is equal to length (l) minus to the x bar
got (x)
 *
Free body diagrams -

remember -
consider support reactions EQUILIBRIUM OF
Fx
☒
*

Fy
÷ RIGID BODIES
Fp Efp :O
( Mp )o
=

,
=
EMO =
0
are in equilibrium

8D
Raw
( 2 dimensions )
" •
be
circular *
something inserted on a wa can
coplanar systems
-

something

eaÑ
-

that is connected
-

vertical horizontal y moment forces

(
Fff
, ,

0←
° , ,, -
2 different forces
9 Force

types of Connection Reaction Number of unknowns

* if talking about the

figure JCG = centrof
gravity
about the examples :

t.rs#..Tensioncabk * it
talking shape ; centroid
=

draw the free

body diagram of the uniform beam

= the beam has a mass of 100kg

take
.

note
-

pointing away from

!! !
cable theta always pointing outward • free body diagram
the connection , there is
corresponding ,

↳ draw outlined shape

↳ show all forces y couple moments free body diagram
this is a fixed support
40 identify each loading 4 give dimensions 1200N

µ
- 2 m,

P
8-D the complete
""
⑧ IIHF free body
w= mca,
# reactions are also weight )
fay =
100kg ( 9.8066mHz diagram
-
same as tie example assumptions !! My body w =
980.66N
awhile ago ,
going can change .

to the point of contact X' =

3m =
center of 6m

because this is the

rigid bodies
20 lbs
-
almost tie sane with roller
f- eyµ

hinge
III 30lbs
Y 1.5inch

*
⇐MGpqq-@ II inch
K = 20lb / in

this is
going left *
BB F-
=
KS

¢01b / in ) ( 1.5in)

=
to counter
all rights 8

Why is this 30lb

.

forces
gong up ?
because the force
down to balance
goes

"
For every action there is reaction
"
an
eeyyivalent

Tp
-
-

FAH
-
/ 1m

¥
W= ma =
mg

Fax
=
@ 00kg)( 9. 806m42)
=
1961.32N

yungmgq
q g. among
ay
main forces
reactions
applied .

600N

200N
45°
( *

0.2
FBA
A 100N B.
P•
RB
FA 2m
3m 2m
W=m (g) FBV
=
neglects
←+ EFH 0
-

EFH FBH 600N cos 450=0

1*4=0
= -

FBH 600N 45°

sin 450
600N t 100N 1- 200N
=

-331.62 N
cos
Fx t Fpm,
-

FBH = 424.26N 48 > after

finding
Fit or Fx

FBI/ =
-

331.62N t 600N sin 450400N +200N and moment and

{ Mpg
use tie where
point
= 0 you can cancel
many

f-By = 392 .
64N which is at
point B

Emp =/ 100N )( 2m ) + ( 600 sin 4575m ) (FA )( -

7m ) :O

1600
FA¥n)=
30° 20014Mt sin 45°) 5m )
-
7m
'T 80141m
mean
smooth support
FA =
331.62N Jk
* = ( 1.5m Kbs) Fp =

% ( 80N / )( t.sn)
m

3€
=
0.5m away from maxima point
po pye pas 60N
.

p g- =

£90M
⑧
-
m

I -5m

g☒
"

A-
: reaction,
pin meaning

• kw=mca)
FAH given

|J
= no mass

FAX =
neglect

1.
CRACKING equilibrium
use a dragon ,
draw everything
f- EMA
•

+9 SNIA
:
since
you can
easily cancel For Ax RAH

ion" " ' "'" " " " "" " " "" " "" " " + " " " " "• " "
" ' "•

3. so first determine which support you are

going to
identity µ, =
60µm t 90N . m

first either smooth roller rocker etc

, pin , ,
,
,
.

0.75M
the support 's
4 When
you identify all the forces he missing forces would be
NB ¥
.

,
= 200N
forces :
you find turn by Moment formula
=
.

for
5- the forces
you're looking depends on tie support 4 terr forces reaction

Fay looks for dot all Y We are

missing FAV } FAH left IIFA
'

= forces . .
= 0
note : ( reaction)
cornpone# Fy
*
f- AH looks for E of all ✗
s
=D 30°
=

gone all forces support +

BE Fµ= AH -200N sin

All 200N 30°

NB normal force force need for by present GON + cos
-

=
only one
,
no ✗
byte forces -

AH =
100 N →
F-I
sometimes neglected if Tis present find 2° N
(g)
then
W =
Weight =m = .

to uno counter
reactions Ay = 238 .

th
 (force )
down
since everything is going
and there is no other
points
then reaction is upward
and here is bigger force going to left then reaction is right

300mm 400mm
I 1 I
F+EF× €09 Av
FK :-( 521-112-3)t C- ZON
+
sin

1-
-

160°
5
FAH A 24.27
Fax 48 t
12%3B
=

W=mcg)
c
• FAV __
73.98nF
>µ gon
FAY g- 2N
=
no mass -
.

neglect
weight of wrench →
EFH
A + =
f- * * -

521-11,3 t 300560°
Required EMA
-152M¥ ) ( 3m) t
@ONsin6Dl7m)
FAH = 2.37N
€1M "
=
144 + 169.89
=
313.8914

750lb

3ft 3ft →

+ EFH = 0

f- AH pin A ↳ W

30° )
rover .
IF ,t= ( 536.21
↳ 2ft
mg FAH -

sin
neglect
t
Fay
=

zoo
)
for FAI 536.215in 30 =
268.11lb →
EMA 0 Normal force

Too
=

F' EFV
EMA =/750lb > 13ft ) ¢1B 30° )( 6ft) (NB ) (2ft )
+ 0
-

cos 1- =

sin zo

EF FAX
@ 750lb
"

30J
=

307 536.21
@ 75013ft) it coszo
NB
-

=
sin
-

cos 1-

=
-536.21 coszot 750lb
1413=-950 /b) 3ft
( Zsin 30 ) -

( 60530) AY =
285.631b$
=

536.21lb 9

900N

collar support , 's 1.5

1m

(
MA •

a
SOOHM.gr
) 450

FAH A
O B

000

FEMA =
0 NB

Mg = -500mm -

GOON )( 1.5m) + NB
@ 45+3)

Np :{FI ! FB -900N

FE 900N

Ma = -50014m -

(900 )( 1.5m) +1900N)( cos 451-3)

=
1486.40 Nm

f- EMA = 0

BE 0.5ft
Tension force EMA :( 100lb )( 0.5ft ) +
④ cos 300 ) (0-5)+41 sin 300/(0-5)
corda

FAH
F" "
Tc =

( 100lb )( 0 -5ft)
A 30°
pin A
(0-105300) ( 0.55B¥
☐ pin neglect To = 100lb
a
+277=0
µ-;É*% TEN
""
+ :O

we Fit =
-

FAH +
100lb sin 30 EFY = FAV -

100lb -

100%300
FAH 1008in 30 Fx 189.10lb g.
=
=
←
45.40lb
=