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Part I
1.Semaphore is a nonnegative integer count. Semaphores are typically used to
coordinate access to resources, with the semaphore count initialized to the number of free resources. By default, there is no defined order of unblocking if multiple threads are waiting for a semaphore. 2. Counting Semaphore has no mutual exclusion whereas Binary Semaphore has Mutual exclusion. Semaphore means a signaling mechanism whereas Mutex is a locking mechanism. Part II 3. function decrements by one the value of the semaphore. The semaphore will be decremented when its value is greater than zero. A scanning electron microscope scans a focused electron beam over a surface to create an image. 4.am going to pick figure 2 because Counting semaphores are often used to keep track of changes in the state of objects shared by multiple threads in a process. For instance, they can record the occurrence of a particular event. Part III 5.Local data is not visible or accessible to any program outside of the one where it is declared this includes both contained and containing programs. All data is considered to be local data unless it is explicitly declared as being global data. 6.I guess yes because the monitor is one of the ways to achieve Process synchronization. The monitor is supported by programming languages to achieve mutual exclusion between processes. Only one process at a time can execute code inside monitors.