EL

Industry 4.0:
Cybersecurity

PT Dr. Sudip Misra

Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

1
What is Cybersecurity?

EL
 In computing, security consists of
 Cybersecurity
 Physical security

PT
 Protection of internet-connected systems from cyber-attacks is
known as cybersecurity.

Source: Techtarget.com: Cybersecurity

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

2
What is Cybersecurity?

EL
 This protection involves protection of
 hardware
 software
 data

PT
 Enterprises use cybersecurity and physical security
simultaneously against unofficial access to data centres.

Source: Techtarget.com: Cybersecurity

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

3
Protect against what?

EL
Unofficial change in the data

Unofficial deletion of the data

PT Uncertified access

Source: Techtarget.com: Cybersecurity

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

4
Components of Cybersecurity

EL
Application Security

Information Security

Network Security

PT
Operational Security

End-user Education
Source: Techtarget.com: Cybersecurity

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

5
Elements of cybersecurity(Contd.)

EL
 Application security
 It ensures the protection of applications from outer threats.
 Some software, hardware and procedural methods are used for
protection.
 Some actions are needed to certify application security; these actions

PT
are known as countermeasures. There are two types of
countermeasures.
 Software countermeasure: application firewall
 Hardware countermeasure: router/proxy

Source: Techtarget.com: Cybersecurity

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

6
Elements of cybersecurity(Contd.)

EL
 Information Security
 Information security is recognized as a subset of cybersecurity.
 A set of strategies is known as information security, which handles
some tools and policies. These policies filter the threats.
 These strategies help maintain the availability, integrity and

PT
confidentiality of business data.

Source: Techtarget.com: Cybersecurity

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

7
Elements of cybersecurity(Contd.)

EL
 Network Security
 Network security is a process by which we take physical and
software actions for protecting the network architecture.
 It provides protection from unofficial access, improper use,

PT
fault, deletion, demolition.
 Create a protective platform for users and computers.
 It combines multiple layers of defences at the edge and in the
network.
Source: Cisco: Security

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

8
Elements of cybersecurity(Contd.)

EL
 Operational Security
 Operational security (OPSEC) is an analytical action which categorizes
information benefits.
 For protection of these information benefits, it regulates the control.

PT
 Protection is an important factor in business perspectives; because of
this OPSEC operations are commonly used in business actions.

Source: Cisco: Security

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

9
Elements of cybersecurity(Contd.)

EL
 End-User education
 End-users are the biggest security risk for an industry. They are the
first to compromise the security.
 Employees do not have all information about all the attacker, hence

PT
they can easily open the doors for the attackers.
 As cybercrimes are increasing, it will be more important for industry to
educate their employees about cyber-attacks.

Source: Cisco: Security

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

10
Types of Cybersecurity threats

EL
 Ransom-ware
 It provides a facility to the attacker in which the attacker locks the
user’s computer files by using an encryption and demand some money
to unlock them.
 Example: Locky
 Malware

PT
 A computer program which is used to disturb the computer user, such
as computer viruses, spyware etc.
 Example: Trojan Horse
Source: Techtarget.com: Cybersecurity

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

11
Types of Cybersecurity threats(Contd.)

EL
 Social Engineering
 This attack involves human interaction to mislead users.
 It breaks security policy to get critical information, which is typically
secured.
 Example : Watering hole and Pretexting.
 Phishing

sources.
PT
 Phishing is in the form of false information. These information are
basically false emails which have been sent through recognizable

 The aim is to get critical data, such as login information or credit card
information.
 Example: Google docs Phishing and Dropbox Phishing. Source: Techtarget.com: Cybersecurity
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
12
Industrial Internet (II)

EL
 Internet of things, computers and people, machines all
together make Industrial Internet.
 It enables industrial intelligent actions to use advanced data
analytic tools for gettable business results.

PT
 Autonomous cars, intelligent rail-road systems are
applications of industrial internet.

Source: i-scoop.eu : Cybersecurity-IIoT

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

13
Why IIoT Security Standards is required?

EL
 Industries will need to use diverse systems and equipment but
everything will be integrated on smart factory floor.
 Legacy systems must be brought under implementation.
 Every weak line in the chain puts whole factory at risk.

PT
 Leaving security at the hands of individual IIoT implementers
is dangerous.

Source: i-scoop.eu : Cybersecurity-IIoT

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

14
Cybersecurity Requirements

EL
• C-Confidentiality
CIA Triad • I-Integrity
• A-Availability

PT
IIoT
requirements
• Reliability
• Safety

Source: Techtarget.com: Cybersecurity

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

15
CIA Triad

EL
 C-Confidentiality
 Confidentiality stops unauthorized disclosure of Information.
 I-Integrity
 Integrity ensures that data cannot be changed in any unauthroized

PT
manner.
 A-Availability
 Availability guarantees that information must be available only to the
authorized user.
Source: Techtarget.com: Cybersecurity

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

16
Cybersecurity: Challenge in IIoT

EL
 Cybersecurity has a major role in digital economy and it
certainly is a big challenge in IIoT as well.
 In current digital transformation, capabilities such as
manufacturing, logistics, shipping, healthcare and industries,

PT
which comes under the industrial internet, data breaches can
occur, which increases different kinds of cybercrimes and
cyber threats.

Source: Cybersecurity for industry 4.0: Thames

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

17
Cybersecurity for Industry 4.0

EL
 Traditional cybersecurity mechanisms have the characteristics-
confidentiality, authenticity, integrity, non-repudiation and
access-control.
 These methods provide safety in network and computer attacks.

PT
 The new internet security deals with other attacks which are
capacious and very fast.
 Some methods are required for Industry 4.0 systems which
enables automatic detection to cyber-attacks.
Source: Cybersecurity for industry 4.0: Thames

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

18
Cyberattack Detection: Methodologies and
Algorithms

EL
 Computational Intelligence systems (CIS)
 An algorithm is required for CIS which combines and filters the data.
This data is created by different types of events in a cyber domain.
 Cyber-attack recognition systems deal with extensive volume of big

PT
dimensional data along with uniform advancing attack features.
 CIS have become reasonable preferences to build new categorization
algorithms for detection systems.

Source: Cybersecurity for industry 4.0: Thames

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

19
 Software-Defined Cloud Manufacturing
Architecture (SDCMA)

EL
 There are mainly three parts of SDCMA
 Software Plane
 Hardware Plane
 Ensemble Intelligence Framework (EIF).

PT
 Software plane consists of control elements (CE).
 CE are used as data tap points, since they have deep observation
into the communications and activities.
Source: Cybersecurity for industry 4.0: Thames

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

20
 SDCMA(Contd.)

EL
 In SDCMA, the streaming data is supplied to EIF by CE.
 Sensed data is detected by EIF.
 EIF is also responsible for detecting abnormality.

PT Source: Cybersecurity for industry 4.0: Thames

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

21
 References

EL
[1] Thames L. & Schaefer D.(2017). Cybersecurity for Industry 4.0: Analysis for Design and
Manufacturing.Springer.
[2] Li BH, Zhang L, Wang SL, Tao F, Cao JW, Jiang XD et al. (2010) Cloud manufacturing: a new service oriented
networked manufacturing model. Comput Integr Manuf Syst 16(1):1–7
[3] Ghorbani AA, Lu W, Tavallaee M.(2010) .Detection approaches. Springer, J Network Intrusion Detection and
Prevention.
[4] https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition/cybersecurity.

PT
[5] https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/security/what-is-network-security.html
[6] https://www.i-scoop.eu/internet-of-things-guide/industrial-internet-things-iiot-saving-costs-
innovation/cybersecurity-industrial-internet-things/
[7] Xu X.(2012).From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing. Rob Comput Integr Manuf 28(1):75–86.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 22

 EL
PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 23
 EL
Basics of Industrial IoT:
Introduction

PT Dr. Sudip Misra

Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 1

Introduction

EL
 Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) can be considered as a
branch of Internet of Things (IoT)
 IIoT is the application of IoT in manufacturing and other
industrial processes with the aim to enhance the working

PT
condition, increase machine life and optimize operational
efficiency.

Source: “The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 2

IIoT vs Automation

EL
 There are three key differences between IIoT and Automation
which have been deployed in industries for decades.
 They are:
 ubiquitous sensing

PT
 advanced analytics, and
 IT tools and methodologies

Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 3

IIoT vs Automation (contd.)

EL
advanced analytics

PT
ubiquitous
sensing
IT tools &
methodologies

Concept taken from: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 4

Ubiquitous Sensing

EL
 In traditional automation, sensors and actuators are used to
control critical elements (industrial machines, etc).
 In IIoT, sensors and actuators are used almost everywhere to
control, enhance and optimize various functions.

PT
 E.g. To monitor machine health, to track various operations,
emergency system etc.
 Ubiquitous Sensing enables Advanced Analytics

Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 5

 Advanced Analytics

EL
 The various data from array of deployed sensors and actuators can
be exploited and extracted to decipher latent meanings using
varieties of advanced analytic tools and algorithms.
 In IIoT, data much more and varied compared to traditional

PT
Automation.
 In IIoT, advanced analytics helps to enhance the working condition,
increase machine life and optimize operational efficiency etc.

Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 6

IT methodologies

EL
 IIoT modifies the traditional automation techniques by
exploiting IT technology.
 This modification gives three main benefits:
 Availability of talent pool

PT
 Standardization
 Accessibility of already available IT hardware and software solutions

Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 7

Challenges in IIoT

EL
 The challenges in deployment of IIoT are Cybersecurity
 Data integration challenges
Lack of Standardization
 Cybersecurity
Legacy Installed Base
 Lack of standardization



PT
Legacy installations
Lack of skills
Lack of Skill Workers

Data Integration

Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 8

Data integration challenges

EL
 Big data volume
 Complex and different varieties of data from different sensors and
actuators
 Frequency of data generated by multiple devices

PT
 Data integration is one of the main challenges
 Understanding the generated data for analysis and application
in business is not an easy task
Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 9

Cybersecurity

EL
 Cybersecurity is one of the most essential elements of IIoT,
because in IIoT all the devices are interconnected and these
connected devices interact with the real world
 The two most important security concerns of IIoT are -

PT
 information security
 data privacy protection

Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 10

Cybersecurity

EL
 Examples:
 Healthcare Industries: Data integrity is highly essential in healthcare
industries
 Food Industries : Information that can harm the reputation of the

PT
company should be made confidential
 Power Grid: Collapse of a power grip can give huge impact
 National Transportation: National Transportation is like the veins of
the nation. Making them secure is very crucial
Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 11

Lack of Standardization

EL
 Large automation supplier firms do not encourage open
standardization, as it will reduce the customer’s reliance on
them
 Small automation supplier firms lacks the capability to

PT
incentivize this huge step

Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 12

Lack of Standardization

EL
 Lack of standardization leads to different issues related to :
 Device interoperability
 Semantic interoperability (data semantics)
 Security and privacy etc.

PT Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 13

Legacy Installations

EL
 Technology evolves fast
 Coexistence of the fast evolving technology with legacy
equipment is a huge complication

PT Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 14

Lack of skills

EL
 Limitation of workers with IIoT related skills, like data
integration etc. because
 The technologies associated with IIoT are new
 Workers should have vast and diverse knowledge

PT Source: “Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 15

Applications of IIoT

EL
 The key application areas of IIoT are -
 Healthcare industry
 Mining industry
 Manufacturing industry

PT
 Transportation & logistics
 Firefighting

Source: “Industry 4.0: the industrial internet of things”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 16

Healthcare industry

EL
 Availability of the information and reputations of doctors
helps the patients to choose the right doctor
 Connectivity of healthcare devices to the internet helps in
location each devices and also knows the status of the

PT
connected devices and the patients monitor by them
 Availability of healthcare data helps in advance healthcare
researches
Source: “Industry 4.0: the industrial internet of things”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 17

Mining industry

EL
 Sensor networks comprise of
 different gas sensors for detecting oxygen, combustible gas like
methane, poisonous gases etc.
 strata monitoring device, rock mass deformation device to detect the

PT
internal structural condition of the mine
 RFID tags for tracking miners
 Wi-Fi and other wireless networking module

Source: “The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): the business guide to Industrial IoT”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 18

Mining industry (contd.)

EL
 These will benefit in
 early disaster warning
 working condition of the miners
 locating and monitoring miners


PT
Safety and increasing efficiency

Source: “The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): the business guide to Industrial IoT”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 19

Manufacturing industry

EL
 The interconnection and integration of devices, equipment,
workforce, supply chain, work platform comprises smart
manufacturing
 This provides

PT
 reduction in operational costs
 efficiency of the worker
 Improved safety at the workplace
 resource optimization and waste reduction
 end-to-end automation.
Source: “Industry 4.0: the industrial internet of things”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 20

Transportation & logistics

EL
 Easy monitoring of equipment, engines, tracks using the
connected devices, deployed sensors, GPS etc.
 Analysis of data from devices will provide the information
related to

PT
 maintenance
 status and performance
 optimum scheduling

Source: “Industry 4.0: the industrial internet of things”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 21

Transportation & logistics (contd.)

EL
 Optimum scheduling will
 provide good customer services by reducing cancellation and delays
 reduce fuel consumption
 Proper maintenance of the equipment will

PT
 provide better safety to both the on boarded passengers and
machines
 reduce maintenance expenses

Source: “Industry 4.0: the industrial internet of things”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 22

Firefighting

EL
 Sensor networks with RFID tags are deployed, which helps in
 real-time monitoring
 early warning of disaster
 fast and automatic diagnosis

PT
 This makes the emergency rescue more effective.

Source: “Industry 4.0: the industrial internet of things”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 23

Benefits of IIoT

EL
 Improves connectivity among devices
 Improves operational efficiency
 Improves productivity
 Optimizes asset utilization


PT
Creates new jobs and business opportunities
Reduces operation time

Source: “The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): the business guide to Industrial IoT”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 24

Benefits (contd.)

EL
 Remote diagnosis
 Cost effective
 Boost worker safety

PT
 In depth knowledge of customer demand

Source: “The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): the business guide to Industrial IoT”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 25

Conclusion

EL
 IIoT has many promising features, but at the same time it has
many barriers.
 It does not mean its future is bleak, but it is better to deploy it
in the areas, where the hindrances are less

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 26
 References

EL
[1] The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): the business guide to Industrial IoT. Online. URL: https://www.i-
scoop.eu/internet-of-things-guide/industrial-internet-things-iiot-saving-costs-
innovation/#Industrial_Internet_of_Things_adoption_barriers_the_major_challenges
[2] The Industrial Internet and the Industrial Internet of Things. Online. URL: https://www.i-scoop.eu/internet-
of-things-guide/industrial-internet-things-iiot-saving-costs-innovation/industrial-internet/
[3] Peter, C. E. & Marco, A. (2012). Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines. General
Electric (GE).

PT
[4] Doug, S. (2017). Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion. PCI Industrial Computer
Manufacturer’s Group.
[5] Alasdair, G. (2016). Industry 4.0: the industrial internet of things. Apress.
[6] Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Online.
URL: https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Industrial-Internet-of-Things-IIoT
[7] The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). Online. URL: https://inductiveautomation.com/what-is-iiot
[8] Kipp, B. (2014). The Industrial Internet Of Things. O'Reilly Radar.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things[4]

 References

EL
[9] J. Gubbi, R. Buyya, S. Marusic, and M. Palaniswami, Internet of things(IoT): A vision, architectural elements,
and future directions, Future Gen. Comput. Syst., vol. 29, no. 7, 2013 .
[10] D. Bandyopadhyay and Jaydip Sen, Internet of things: Applications and challenges in technology and
standardization, Wireless Personal Communications 58.1 (2011).

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 28
 EL
PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 29
 EL
Basics of Industrial IoT:
Industrial Internet System

PT Dr. Sudip Misra

Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 1

Introduction

EL
 The digital industrial company, General Electric (GE), coined
the term Industrial Internet.
 Industrial Internet is not exactly the same as Industrial
Internet of Things (IIoTs), but they are often used
interchangeably.

PT
 GE is also a founding member of Industrial Internet
Consortium (IIC), which is also a huge contributor in shaping
IIoTs
Source: “The Industrial Internet and the Industrial Internet of Things”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 2

Three Waves of Innovation

EL
 According to GE, there are three waves in industrial level
 The First Wave or The Industrial Revolution
 The Second Wave or The Internet Revolution
 The Third Wave or The Industrial Internet

PT Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and

Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 3

Three Waves of Innovation

EL
PT Concept taken from: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 4

The Industrial Revolution

EL
 The Industrial Revolution lasted for around 150 years which
began in 1750 and ended in 1900
 It had two stages.
 Commercialization and the mass production of steam engines

PT
marked the beginning of the First Stage. It was started in the
middle of eighteenth century.

Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 5

The Industrial Revolution (contd.)

EL
 The Second Stage started in 1870 with the invention of
internal combustion engines and electricity
 The Second Stage is more powerful
 Electricity brings new types of communications

PT
 Combustion Engines brings new forms of transportation systems

Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 6

Drawbacks of Industrial Revolution

EL
 Even though Industrial Revolution brought significant leap in
the economy and society, it had some negative effects
 The waste products harmed the environment
 Bad working environment

PT
 Inefficient

Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 7

The Internet Revolution

EL
 The Internet Revolution started around 1950 and lasted for
around 50 years
 It was started with a government sponsored experimentation on
computer networks

PT
 It became more eminent with the emergence World Wide Web
 Computing capacity had also increased
 Rapid information exchange over large geographical distance was
made possible Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 8

The Industrial Internet

EL
 Integration of Internet-based technologies to industries
 Currently we are under Third Wave or The Industrial Internet
 Third Wave has not reached its peak
 According to GE, Industrial Internet can be defined as “the

PT
association of the global industrial system with low-cost
sensing, interconnectivity through internet, high-level
computing and analytics”
Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 9

The Industrial Internet (contd.)

EL
 It has three key elements
 Intelligent machines
 Advanced analytics
 People at work

PT Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 10

Three Key Elements

EL
Intelligent Machines Advanced Analytics People at Work
• Connects different • Huge amount of data are • People are interconnected
devices located at generated from device • Regardless of their
different places • Data are input to the location, they can monitor
• The devices are controlled advance predictive the machines, to provide

PT
through sensors and algorithms more flexible and quality
actuators using advance services
IT software

Concept taken from: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 11

Intelligent machines

EL
 Different kinds of machines located at different locations can
be interconnected
 These machines can be monitored using advanced sensors
and actuators using related software

PT Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 12

Advanced analytics

EL
 The huge data generated from different kinds of machines
and sensors, advance analytic and prediction techniques
make possible in shaping a whole new era of automation and
intelligent machines.

PT Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 13

People at work

EL
 Through web and mobile interfaces, everybody can connect
with one another regardless of their location.
 A doctor can interact with his patient virtually, a worker can
control a machine from anywhere etc.

PT
 This makes the system more intelligent, maintenance and
operations become easier, safety and the quality of services
also enhances at the same time.
Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 14

Applications

EL
 Commercial Aviation
 Rail Transportation
 Power Production
 Oil and Gas Sectors


PT
Healthcare

Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 15

Applications of Industrial internet

EL
Intelligent Intelligent Intelligent
Devices Systems Decisioning

Network
Network Optimizatio
n

Benefits
Fleet
Fleets Optimizatio

PT
n
Facility
Facilities Optimizatio
n

Machines Asset
Optimizatio
n
Concept taken from: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 16

Commercial Aviation

EL
 The Industrial Internet can benefit commercial aviation
industries by improving both airline operations and asset
management
 Airline operation

PT
 Reducing fuel consumption
 Effective management of crews, flight scheduling, minimizing delays
and cancellations of flight

Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 17

Commercial Aviation (contd.)

EL
 Asset Management
 Proper maintenance of engines and other parts
 Timely repairing

PT Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 18

Rail Transportation

EL
 Real-time analysis and application of predictive algorithms will
help
 in reducing the maintenance cost
 in preventing engine breakdown

PT
 Availability of software will help in providing a real-time
overview of the entire system to operators. Therefore,
 the rail operator can monitor the trains and make optimal decisions
 optimal train scheduling
Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 19

Power Production

EL
 In power industries, outage is a huge problem because
locating a broken power line or equipment is not an easy task
 With the help of industrial internet, everything will be
connected to internet. Therefore

PT
 status updates and performance related data will be easily available
 analysis of the incoming data will provide new insights relating to
potential problems which may occur in future
 cost of field inspection before repairing will be reduced
Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 20

Oil and Gas Sectors
 Industrial Internet

EL
 reduces fuel consumption
 enhances production
 tracking events inside well, simulation of inside well, improve production
flow

PT
 reduces costs
 real-time monitoring and alert system for safety and optimization
 Predictive analysis of the incoming data from different devices
helps in understanding the behavior of the underground
reservoir Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 21

Healthcare

EL
 Industrial Internet enables safe and efficient operations.
 availability of the information and reputations of doctors helps the
patients to choose the right doctor
 connectivity of healthcare devices to the internet helps in location

PT
each devices and also know the status of the connected devices and
the patients monitor by them
 availability of healthcare data helps in advance healthcare researches

Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 22

Advantages of Industrial Internet

EL
 One percent fuel savings (in 15 years)
 Commercial Aviation Industries will save $30 billion
 Gas and Power segment of Power plants will save $66 billion
 One percent reduction in system inefficiency in
 Healthcare sector will save $63 billion

PT
 Freight transportation through world rail network will save $27 billion
 One percent reduction in capital expenditure during exploration
and development in Oil and Gas industries will save $90 billion
 The emergence of cloud-based system will replace the isolated
systems
Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 23

Advantages of Industrial Internet

EL
Industry Segment Type of Savings Estimated Value (Over 15
Years)
Aviation Commercial One percent in fuel Saving $30 Billion

Power Gas-Fire Generation One percent in fuel Saving $66 Billion

Health System Wide One percent reduction in $63 Billion

PT
system inefficiency
Oil Freight One percent reduction in $27 Billion
system inefficiency

Rail & Gas Development and One percent reduction in $90 Billion
Exploration capital expenditure

Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 24

Catalysts

EL
 Innovations in terms of
 Equipment
 Advance analytics
 System platform


PT
Business processes
 Infrastructure
 Cybersecurity management
Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 25

Catalysts (contd.)

EL
 Talent Development
 Next Generation Engineering
 Data Scientists
 User Interface Experts

PT Source: “Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines”, GE

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 26

Conclusion

EL
 Industrial Internet has many benefits and promises across the
globe
 But it needs a little innovation, capital, and platform

PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 27
References

EL
[1] The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): the business guide to Industrial IoT. Online. URL: https://www.i-
scoop.eu/internet-of-things-guide/industrial-internet-things-iiot-saving-costs-
innovation/#The_definitions_of_Industrial_IoT_and_IIoT
[2] The Industrial Internet and the Industrial Internet of Things. Online. URL: https://www.i-scoop.eu/internet-
of-things-guide/industrial-internet-things-iiot-saving-costs-innovation/industrial-internet/
[3] Peter, C. E. & Marco, A. (2012). Industrial Internet: Pushing the Boundaries of Minds and Machines. General
Electric (GE).

PT
[4] Doug, S. (2017). Industrial Internet of Things, A high-level architecture discussion. PCI Industrial Computer
Manufacturer’s Group.
[5] Alasdair, G. (2016). Industry 4.0: the industrial internet of things. Apress.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 28

 EL
PT
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 29
 EL
Basics of IIoT:
Industrial Sensing & Actuation

PT Dr. Sudip Misra

Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

Introduction

EL
 IoT deployment in Industry (IIoT)
 Sensor: Primary source of IIoT data, Big analog/digital data
 Intelligence of IoT is developed based on sensor data

PT
 Actuator: Follow control decision

2
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Need of Sensing for Industry

EL
 Higher degree of automation
 Raise Productivity
 Improve Quality

PT
 Better Safety
 Reduced Downtime

3
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Requirements for Industrial Standard

EL
 Reliable Sensing
 Low cost sensing and actuation
 Perpetual sensor and actuation network connectivity

PT 4
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Industrial Sensing

EL
Conventional Sensing
 Involved in feedback automation of a process in industrial
control system

PT
 Based on sensing (feedback), further action is taken as per the
application requirements

5
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Industrial sensing (Contd.)

EL
Contemporary Sensing
 Sensors connected to the Internet
 Can sense
 Product lifetime



Safety
PT
Loop efficiency

Reliability

6
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Smart Sensor

EL
“ Sensor with small memory and standardized physical
connection to enable communication with the processor and
data network ”

PT
-defined by IEEE 1451 standard

7
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Configurations involved in Smart Sensors

EL
 Multiparameter Sensing Unit
 Analog Detection Circuit
 Digital Signal Conditioning Unit
 Interfacing Unit to bus

PT
Source: T. Islam, S. C. Mukhopadhyay and N. K. Suryadevara, "Smart Sensors and Internet of Things: A Postgraduate Paper," in IEEE
Sensors Journal, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 577-584, 1 Feb.1, 2017

8
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
 A Smart Sensor Node communication

EL
Memory

User
Interface

Sensing

PT
Signal
(sensor+Analog Conditioning ADC
Processor
detection circuit)

Actuator DAC

9
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Smart Sensor Functions

EL
 Smart sensors can perform multiple functions
 Multisensing: It can sense multiple parameters (temperature, pressure,
light, humidity etc) at a single sensor node, which may help in the deciding
factors in production unit of an industry

PT
 Communicate data: Communicating vital information like measured,
callibration and compensation data to the Central control unit

 A/D or D/A Conversion: The Analog data needs digital conversion to apply
several signal processing methods for having reliable and accurate data

10
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Smart Sensor Function (Contd.)

EL
 Self-Decision Making: It can self-monitor its operation and
changes in the ambience by taking proper decision for
required compensation by itself or by alerting human for
required action

PT
 Reduced Cost : Cost continues to reduce as investment is
recovered by reduced downtime in industries

11
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Illustrating Sensing in Milk Packaging Unit

EL
Install sensor in line with the outlet tap

Sensor contain impellers inside

PT
Impeller spins when milk moves

Sends electrical signal to the control unit

Controller interprets amount of liquid flow and stops when threshold is reached

12
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Accessing Sensors & Actuators

EL
 Supporting OS Zephyr , Ubuntu , Opensuse , Ublinux ,
Archlinux , Androidthing

 Programming Language C , C++ , Java , Python , Lua

PT 13
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
 Intel IoT Device Library used by sensors

EL
MRAA UPM

• Low-level skeleton library • High level APIs for easier

for communication in connectivity to sensors
GNU/Linux platform • Easier to control
• Not hardware specific

PT
• Better level of abstraction

Source: “ mraa 1.9.0” , Intel

• Supporting industrial
grade sensor

14
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Utility in Industrial Sub-Units

EL
 Measurements
 Production
 Product Inspection

PT
 Packaging & Shipping

15
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Industrial Sensor Calibration

EL
 It is the method adopted to improve the performance of the
sensing system by readjusting and removing the error in the
measured response of the sensor compared to the actual
response

PT
 Industrial grade sensors use highly complex signal processing
algorithm and onboard circuitry to take care of calibration.

16
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Industrial Sensor Calibration (Contd.)

EL
 Calibrate in system to be used
 Standard references
 Proper calibration methods

PT
 Re-calibration

17
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Examples of Industrial sensors

EL
 Navigation industry (Track sensors: GPS)
 Spot significant places
 Tracking real time object
 Analyze traffics

PT
 Scanning at check post
 Predict driver Destination

18
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Examples of Industrial sensors (contd.)

EL
 Agriculture Industry (Smart sensors)
 Soil and water sensor, Weather tracking, RFID technology, Optical
sensors
 For accurate use of fertilizers and determining crop health; Crop
sensors

PT
 Best time to plant crop
 Remote monitoring
 Agbots; To automate agricultural processes

19
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Examples of Industrial sensors (contd.)

EL
 Health Care Industry
 Implantable sensors, MEMS ,biosensors, nano sensors
 Smart pills
 Pills sends alert message to other members when swallowed
 Camera pills for imaging

PT
 Smart bed
 Use sensors that prevent fall of the patient and sends report about the
patient’s movement

20
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Examples of Industrial sensors (contd.)

EL
 Retail Industry
 RFID tracking chip
 Tracking location of shipment made possible with GPS and IoT
 Sensors on shopping cart and product to avoid theft

PT 21
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Sensors Technology Manufacturers

EL
PT 22
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
PLC: Industrial Applications

EL
 Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is
 special computer device used in industrial automation systems
 special-purpose digital computer in industries.
 Architecture of PLC

PT
 CPU module: consists of central processor and memory.
 Central processor-performs the computations and processes data
 Memory –stores the programs and data
 Power supply module: supplies power to the entire circuitry
 I/O module: connects the sensors and actuators.
Source: edgefx.in

23
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
 SCADA: Industrial Applications

EL
 Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is
 an industrial control system
 process, monitor, and analyze data at the same time
 used to collect data from remote sites and transmit data to a central site.

PT
 applicable for process, oil, power generation, energy, water and waste
control, and manufacturing industries.

Source: edgefx.in

24
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
SCADA: Industrial Applications (contd.)

EL
Supervisory Human Machine
system Interface

Remote Terminal Communication

PT
SCADA
Unit Interface

SCADA
PLC
Programming
Source: edgefx.in

25
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Industrial control with WSANs

EL
 Industrial Monitoring and control are made easier with WSANs
(Wireless Sensing & Actuation Network )
 “Integration of sensors and actuators with wireless network
protocol, Real time task scheduling and control law form a WSAN”
 HVAC control system in industries employ wireless sensor in order to

PT
measure temperature
 Actuation depends on the controllers treatment on the sensors
measurement
 In HVAC control system Actuator can be an wireless air conditioner
Source: Distributed Collaborative Control for Industrial Automation With Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks, IEEE Transactions on Industrial
Electronics

26
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
WSANs Advantages

EL
Easy Preinstalled
sensor &Actuator infrastucture
deployment

WSAN

PT
Network
self- organisation
Low cost

27
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Electro-hydrostatic Actuation System

EL
 A Substitute to traditional hydraulic and elecromechanical actuators
 Combined advantage of electric and hydraulic actuators
 High force capability
 High energy efficiency


PT
Decentralized Actuation

Source: Electrohydraustatic Actuation System , MOOG

28
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Electro-pneumatic systems

EL
 Precise flow control
 Advanced communication
 Better diagnostics

PT
 Ultra high resolution
 Combine advantage of Electric and Pneumatic actuators

Source: Industrial pneumatic actuators ,Bray commertial

29
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
Actuators Technology Manufacturers

EL
PT 30
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
References

EL
[1] Sensors in industry 4.0 Market Applications. Online URL: https://ww2.frost.com/frost-perspectives/sensors
industry-40-market-applications/
[2] Sensor selection in Industrial IoT (A guide for beginners). Online URL: https://becominghuman.ai/sensor-selection-
in-industrial-iot-a-guide-for-beginners-a7478b052638
[3] Smart Sensor and Internet of Thing: A Postgraduate Paper, IEEE Sensor Journal, Online URL:
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7747522/
[4] mraa 1.9.0,.Online URL:https://iotdk.intel.com/docs/master/mraa/
[5] upm ,sensor framework for IoT development .Online URL: https://upm.mraa.io/

PT
[6] Electrohydraustatic Actuation System , MOOG .Online URL: http://www.moog.com/products/actuation-
systems/industrial.html
[7] Distributed Collaborative Control for Industrial Automation With Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks, Jiming
Chen, Xianghui Cao, Peng Cheng, Yang Xiao, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.Online
URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5416281&isnumber=5609238
[8] Source: Industrial pneumatic actuators ,Bray commertial.
OnlineURL:http://www.greenheck.com/media/pdf/submittals/Bray9293Series_submittal.pdf

31
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
 EL
PT 32
Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things
 EL
Basics of Industrial IoT:
Industrial Processes – Part 1

PT Dr. Sudip Misra

Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
Email: [email protected]
Website: http://cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/
Research Lab: cse.iitkgp.ac.in/~smisra/swan/

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 1

Timeline of Industrial Revolution

EL
Industry 3.0:
Industry 1.0: Computer &
Mechanization Automation
(~ 1770-1820) (~ 1950-2000)

PT Industry 2.0: Mass

Production
(~ 1870-1950)
Industry 4.0:
Intelligent Things
(~ 2000-)

Source: "Industry 4.0 and Maintenance", Norsk Forening for Vedlikehold (NFV)

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 2

Predicted Growth in Industrial Sectors

EL
90
80
70
60
50
40

PT
30
20
10
0
Electronics Manufacturing Defence Transportation Chemical Automotive Construction
Current Predicted
Source: “Industry 4.0: Building the Digital Enterprise”, PwC, Global Industry 4.0 Survey, 2016.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

3
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)

EL
 Network of objects (“things”) embedded with computation
and communication facilities to achieve industrial jobs by
exchanging information among themselves

PT
Smart
Objects
Components

Networking
Infrastructure
Business
Intelligence
Source: Xu et al., 2014
People-in-
loop

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

4
Challenges for Industrial Processes in Industry
4.0

EL
• High risk market
Dynamic market conditions • Target for lowering cost

• Lack of skilled workforce

Constrained workforce • Ageing society

• Higher flexibility & convenience expected

Supply chain management • Media influence

PT
• Efficient utilization of available resources
Resource utilization • Increased cleanliness and lower waste footprint

• Increased product types

Product management • Lower product lifecycle expected

Source: “Industry 4.0”, Wikipedia

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

5
Design Philosophy: IIoT for Industrial Processes

EL
Facilitating Enabling smart
communication Distributed objects to take
between decision independent and
heterogeneous making autonomous
objects decisions

Interoperabi Industry Information

4.0

PT
lity clarity

Virtualization of
Empowering smart
objects, digital
objects to reduce
models of industrial
human intervention
processes
Technical
assistance

Source: “Industry 4.0”, Wikipedia

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

6
Expected Features of Industrial Processes with
Industry 4.0

EL
Intelligent & efficient use of
Efficiency resources such as materials,
water, energy

Dynamic supply chains Competitive Data-driven and global

responsive to technologies Flexibility business modeling for
ness
and market performance improvement

PT
Industry
4.0

Fostering innovation with A workforce having

advanced hardware and Innovation Workforce knowledge about the
software advanced skills

Source: “Industry 4.0”, Wikipedia; "Industry 4.0: the fourth industrial revolution – guide to Industrie 4.0", i-Scoop

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

7
 Futuristic Industrial Plant

EL
Customized Cloud Cloud-based advanced analytics, cyber security
Customers Computing
application demands

Sensors/ Smart ‘things’ tasked with sensing, actuation,

Actuators computation, communication, and decision making

PT ble Energy
Industrial Processes

Traditional/Renewa
Supply/Logistics

Figure: Components of Futuristic Industrial Plant in Industry 4.0

Source: Aazam et al., 2018.
Different industrial processes – 3D printing,
manufacturing, automation

Industrial resources, supply chain management

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

8
 Futuristic Industrial Plant: 5C Architecture for
Cyber Physical Systems

EL
System for supervised
Control control: Self-configure, Self-
System for optimized decision:
Optimize, Self-Adjust
Human-readable interpretation Layer
& data visualization

Cognitive Layer
Network of smart objects:
Sensor records machine Intelligent identification,
health data: data to data mining & analytics
Cyber Layer

PT
information interpretation

Sensor-based monitoring:
Conversion Layer data collection, interoperable
objects/functionality

Connection Layer

Source: Lee et al., 2015; Aazam et al., 2018.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

9
Industrial Processes Enablers

EL
Cloud
SaaS, PaaS, IaaS
Platform

Human-readable
format, Visualiza
interpretation, tion
mobility

PT Collaboration of
smart objects
Analysis

Virtualiz
ation
Big-data
analytics

Source: Aazam et al., 2018.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

10
Industrial Process 4.0: Operation Efficiency

EL
 Benefits Smart Water Management by Thames Water
- Sensor-based equipment status monitoring
 Improved resource utilization - Failure detection
- Critical condition monitoring
 Increased productivity - Dynamic response to critical conditions

 Cost reduction

PT Oil & Gas Industry Maintenance by Apache

- Sensor-based leak detection in pipe lines
- Failure detection in pumps
- Production monitoring
- Predictive analysis of loss

Source: Thames Water, “Draft Water Resources Management Plan 2019”

MapR Technologies, “Big Data and Apache Hadoop for the Oil and Gas Industry”

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

11
Industrial Process 4.0: Product Innovation

EL
 Benefits
Augmented Maintenance by Volkswagen
 Service-oriented deployment - Sensors collect data from automotive
- Augmented Reality-based app provide visual
 Data monetization interpretation of on-board problem
- Problem analysis & diagnosis
 Pay-per-use

PT Source: Volkswagen AG

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 12

Industrial Process 4.0: Enhanced Ecosystem

EL
Increased Renewable Energy Production by
 Benefits General Electric
- Controlled power generation by using
 Connected ecosystem weather forecast
- Sensor-controlled maintenance
 Innovative product lines - Lower operation cost by analyzing collected
data

 Dynamic marketplace


PT
Pay-per-outcome Increased reliability in aircraft engines by Rolls-
Royce
- Sensor-based remote analytics tools
- Predictive maintenance
- TotalCare program increases the engine
reliability

Source: GE Renewable Energy; Rolls-Royce plc

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 13

Industrial Process 4.0: Autonomous Pull Economy

EL
 Benefits
 End-to-end automation facility
Factory Maintenance by General Electric
 Updated demand information - Predix platform for Cloud-as-a-Service
- Pay-per-use pricing model
 Low waste generation - Secure and compatible environment

PT
- Analytical services helps in service
optimization
 Better resource optimization

Source: General Electric Inc.

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 14

Smart Factory of Future

EL
 Application areas
 Facility management
 Connected factory
 Inventory management

PT
 Production line management
 Process safety and security
 Service quality control
 Supply chain optimization
 Packaging management
Source: "8 Uses, Applications, and Benefits of Industrial IoT in Manufacturing", New Generation Applications Pvt Ltd,

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 15

Smart Factory of Future (contd.)

EL
Facility Management Connected Factory
- Connected components of factory –
- Sensor-equipped manufacturing facility
machinery, engineers, and manufacturers
- Provision for condition-based monitoring
- Enables automation and optimization
- Machinery health monitoring
- Remote control and management
- Optimization & remote functional control

PT
- Ease of command and control
- Higher efficiency, lower cost & energy
- Facilitate identification of Key Result Areas
expense
(KRAs)

Source: "8 Uses, Applications, and Benefits of Industrial IoT in Manufacturing", New Generation Applications Pvt Ltd,

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 16

Smart Factory of Future (contd.)

EL
Inventory management Production line management
- Tracking of items by monitoring events in
- End-to-end production line management with
supply chain
sensors
- Global inter-connectivity facilitates real-time
- Ease of process re-adjustment facility
updates
- Detailed understanding of production delay &

PT
- Higher visibility & transparency
failures
- Realistic and fail-safe estimate for customers
- Process flow analytics
- Supply optimization & cost reduction

Source: "8 Uses, Applications, and Benefits of Industrial IoT in Manufacturing", New Generation Applications Pvt Ltd,

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 17

Smart Factory of Future (contd.)

EL
Process safety and security Service quality control
- Safe & secure working environment - End-to-end product cycle monitoring
- Complete record & analytics on accidents, - Provision to ensure quality for raw materials,
injuries & causes factory environment
- Optimized financial planning & insurance - Waste management

PT
schemes - Multi-level product quality check
- Ensured precautions for safe environments - Enabling feedbacks from customers
- Holistic analytics

Source: "8 Uses, Applications, and Benefits of Industrial IoT in Manufacturing", New Generation Applications Pvt Ltd,

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 18

Smart Factory of Future (contd.)

EL
Packaging management
- Sensor-based packaging facility
Supply chain optimization
- Real-time monitoring
- Real-time monitoring of supply chain
- Detailed analytics on customers usage
elements in multiple dimensions
patterns
- Ease & transparency for related personnel
- Multi-point trace enables package condition

PT
- Identification of inter-block dependency
monitoring
- Continued customer satisfaction & reduced
cost

Source: "8 Uses, Applications, and Benefits of Industrial IoT in Manufacturing", New Generation Applications Pvt Ltd,

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things 19

Functional Viewpoint of Industrial Processes

EL
 Highlights the stakeholder’s
concerns regarding the Business
industrial processes
 Flexible & applicable to Information
Operations Application
various types of industrial
processes

PT
 Importance to specific
domain varies across
industries
Control: Sense & Actuation

Physical Systems

Source: A. Gilchrist, "Industry 4.0 - The Industrial Internet of Things", APress

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

20
Operational Domain of Industrial Processes

EL
Operations Optimization
 Cross-environment
Monitoring & Diagnosis
interconnected control
system Management Deployment

 Intra and Inter factory

PT
communication
 Distributed analysis &
learning
Control Domain

Customers
Source: A. Gilchrist, "Industry 4.0 - The Industrial Internet of Things", APress

Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet of Things

21
References

EL
[1] M. Aazam, S. Zeadally, K. A. Harras “Deploying Fog Computing in Industrial Internet of Things and Industry
4.0”, IEEE Trans. on Industrial Informatics, pp. 1-9, 2018.
[2] J. Lee, B. Bagheri, H.-A. Kao, “A Cyber-Physical Systems architecture for Industry 4.0-based manufacturing
systems,” Manufacturing Letters, vol. 3, pp. 18-23, 2015.
[3] “Industry 4.0: Building the Digital Enterprise”, PwC, Global Industry 4.0 Survey, 2016.
[4] Thames Water, “Draft Water Resources Management Plan 2019”, Web: https://www.thameswater.co.uk/

PT
[5] MapR Technologies, “Big Data and Apache Hadoop for the Oil and Gas Industry”, Web:
https://mapr.com/resources/big-data-and-apache-hadoop-oil-and-gas-industry/
[6] Volkswagen AG, Web: https://www.volkswagenag.com
[7] GE Renewable Energy, Web: https://www.ge.com/renewableenergy
[8] Rolls-Royce plc, Web: https://www.rolls-royce.com
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