1A company manufactures and sells two models of lamps, L1 and L2.

To manufacture each lamp, the manual work involved in model L1 is 20

minutes and for L2, 30 minutes. The mechanical (machine) work

invol ved for L1 i s 20 minutes and for L2, 10 minutes. The manual work

avail abl e per month i s 100 hours and the machine is limited to only 80

hours per month. Knowing that the profit per unit is $15 and $10 for L1

and L2, respecti vel y, determine the quantities of each lamp that should

be manufactured to obtain the maximum be nefit.

1 Choose the unknowns.

x = number of lamps L 1

y = number of lamps L 2

2 Write the objective function .

f(x, y) = 15x + 10y

3 Write the constraints as a system of inequalities .

Convert the ti me from minutes to hours.

20 min = 1/3 h

30 min = 1/2 h

10 min = 1/6 h

L1 L2 Time

Manual 1/3 1/2 100

Machine 1/3 1/6 80

 1/3x + 1/2y ≤ 100

1/3x + 1/6y ≤ 80

As the number of l amps are natural numbers, there are two more

constraints:

x ≥ 0

y ≥ 0

4 Find the set of feasible solutions that graphically

represent the constraints .

Represent the constraints graphically.

As x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0, work in the first quadrant.

Sol ve the inequation graphically: 1/3 x + 1/2 y ≤ 100; and take a

point on the pl ane, for example (0,0).

1/3 · 0 + 1/2 · 0 ≤ 100

1/3 · 0 + 1/6 · 0 ≤ 80

The area of intersection of the solutions of the inequalities would

be the sol ution to the system of inequalities, which is the set of

feasible solutions.
 5 Calculate the coordinates of the vertices from the

compound of feasi ble sol utions.

The opti mal solution, if unique, is a vertex. These are the

solutions to systems:

1/3x + 1/2y = 100; x = 0 (0, 200)

1/3x + 1/6y = 80; y = 0(240, 0)

1/3x + 1/2y = 100 ; 1/3x + 1/6y = 80(210, 60)

 6 Calculate the value of the objective function at each of
the vertices to determine which of them has the maximum or minimum

values.

In the objecti ve function, place each of the vertices that were

determined in the previous step.

f(x, y) = 15x + 10y

f(0, 200) = 15·0 + 10·200 = $2,000

f(240, 0 ) = 15·240 + 10·0 = $3,600

f(210, 60) = 15·210 + 10·60 = $3,750 Maximum

The optimum soluti on is to manufacture 210 units of model

L 1 and 60 units of model L 2 to obtain a benefit of$3,750.

2 With the start of school approaching, a store is planning on

having a sale on school materials. They have 600 notebooks, 500

fol ders and 400 pens in stock, and they plan on packing it in two

di fferent forms. In the fi rst package, there will be 2 notebooks, 1 folder

and 2 pens, and i n the second one, 3 notebooks, 1 folder and 1 pen.

The pri ce of each package will b e $6.50 and $7.00 respectively. How

many packages should they put together of each type to obtain the

maximum benefit?

1 Choose the unknowns.

x = P1

y = P2
 2 Write the objective function .

f(x, y) = 6.5x + 7y

3 Write the constraints as a system of inequalities .

P1 P2 Available

Notebooks 2 3 600

Folders 1 1 500

Pens 2 1 400

2x + 3y ≤ 600

x + y ≤ 500

2x + y ≤ 400

x ≥ 0

y ≥ 0

4 Find the set of feasible solutions that graphically

represent the constraints .

 5 Calculate the coordinates of the vertices from the

compound of feasi ble sol utions.

6 Calculate the value of the objective function at each of

the vertices to determine which of them has the maximum or minimum

values.

f(x,y)= 6.5 · 200 + 7 · 0 = $1,300

f(x,y)= 6.5 · 0 + 7 · 200 = $1,400

 f(x,y)= 6.5 · 150 + 7 · 100 = $1,675 Maximum

The optimum soluti on is to package 150 units of package

1 and 100 units of package 2 to obtain $1,675

3 On a chi cken farm, the poultry is given a healthy diet to gain

weight. The chi ckens have to consume a minimum of 15 units of

Substance A and another 15 units of Substance B. In the market there

are onl y two classes of compounds: Type X, with a composition of one

unit of A to fi ve units of B, and another type, Y, with a composition of

fi ve uni ts of A to one of B. The price of Type X is $10 and Type Y, $30.

What are the quantities of each type of compound that have to be

purchased to cover the needs of the di et with a minimal cost?

1 Choose the unknowns.

x = X

y = Y

2 Write the objective function .

f(x,y) = 10x + 30y

3 Write the constraints as a system of inequaliti es .

X Y Minimal

A 1 5 15

B 5 1 15
 x + 5y ≥ 15

5x + y ≥ 15

x ≥ 0

y ≥ 0

4 Find the set of feasible solutions that graphically

represent the constraints .

5 Calculate the coordinates of the vertices from the

compound of feasi ble s ol utions.

 6 Calculate the value of the objective function at each of
the vertices to determine which of them has the maximum or minimum

values. It must be taken into account the possible non -existence of a

solution i f the compound i s not bounded.

f(0, 15 ) = 10 · 0 + 30 · 15 = 450

f(15, 0) = 10 · 15 + 30 · 0 = 150

f(5/2, 5/2) = 10 · 5/2 + 30 · 5/2 = 100 MinimumThe minimum

cost is $100 for X = 5/2 and Y = 5/2.

4 There i s onl y 600 milograms of a certain drug that is needed to

make both large and small pills for small scale pharmaceutical

distribution. The large tablets weigh 40 milograms and the small ones,

30 milograms. Consumer research determines that at least twice the

amount of the smal ler tablets are needed than the large ones and there

needs to be l east three l arge tablets made. Each large tablet is sold for

a profit of $2 and the small tablet, $1. How many tablets of each type

have to be prepared to obtain the maximum profit?

 1 Choose the unknowns.

x = Large tabl ets

y = Small tablets

2 Write the objective function .

f(x, y) = 2x + y

3 Write the constraints as a system of inequalities .

40x + 30y ≤ 600

x ≥ 3

y ≥ 2x

x ≥ 0

y ≥ 0

4 Find the set of feasible solutions that graphically

represent the constraints .

 5 Calculate the coordinates of the vertices from the

compound of feasi ble sol utions.

6 Calculate the value of the objective function at each of

the vertices to determine which of them has the maximum or minimum

values.

f(x, y)= 2 · 3 + 16 = $22

 f(x, y)= 2 · 3 + 6 = $12

f(x, y)= 2 · 6 + 12 = $24 Maximum

The maxi mum profi t is $24 , and is obtained by making 6 units

of the large tablets and 12 units of the small tablets .

A transport company has two types of trucks, Type A and Type B.

Type A has a refri gerated capacity of 20 m 3 and a non-refrigerated

capacity of 40 m 3 whi le Type B has the same overall volume with equal

secti ons for refrigerated and non -refrigerated stock. A grocer needs to

hi re trucks for the transport of 3,000 m 3 of refrigerated st ock and 4

000 m 3 of non -refri gerated stock. The cost per kilometer of a Type A is

$30, and $40 for Type B. How many trucks of each type should the

grocer rent to achieve the minimum total cost?

1 Choose the unknowns.

x = Type A trucks

y = Type B trucks

2 Write the objective function .

f(x,y) = 30x + 40y

3 Write the constraints as a system of inequalities .

A B Total

Refrigerated 20 30 3
 000

Non- 4
40 30
refrigerated 000

20x + 30y ≥ 3 000

40x + 30y ≥ 4 000

x ≥ 0

y ≥ 0

4 Find the set of feasible solutions that graphically

represent the constraints .

5 Calculate the coordinates of the vertices from the

compound of feasi ble s ol utions.

 6 Calculate the value of the objective function at each of
the vertices to determine which of them has the maximum or minimum

values.

f(0, 400/3) = 30 · 0 + 40 · 400/3 = 5,333.332

f(150, 0) = 30 · 150 + 40 · 0 = 4,500

As x and y must be natural numbers round the value of y.

f(50, 67) = 30 · 50 + 40 ·67 = 4,180 Minimum

The minimum cost is $4,180. To achieve this 50 trucks of

Type A and 67 trucks of Type B are needed.

2A school i s preparing a trip for 400 students. The company who

i s pro viding the transportation has 10 buses of 50 seats each and 8

buses of 40 seats, but onl y has 9 drivers available. The rental cost for

a l arge bus i s $800 and $600 for the small bus. Calculate how many

buses of each type should be used for the trip for the least possible

cost.
 1 Choose the unknowns.

x = small buses

y = big buses

2 Write the objective function .

f(x, y) = 600x + 800y

3 Write the constraints as a system of inequalities .

40x + 50y ≥ 400

x + y ≤ 9

x ≥ 0

y ≥ 0

4 Find the set of feasible solutions that graphically

represent the constraints .

 5 Calculate the coordinates of the vertices from the

compound of feasi ble sol utions.

6 Calculate the value of the objective function at each of

the vertices to determine which of them has the maximum or minimum

values.

f(0, 8) = 600 · 0 + 800 · 8 = $6,400

f(0, 9) = 600 · 0 + 800 · 9 = $7,200

f(5, 4) = 6 00 · 5 + 800 · 4 = $6,200 € Minimum

The mi nimum cost is $6,200. This is acheived with 4 large and 5

small buses.

3A store wants to liquidate 200 of its shirts and 100 pairs of

pants from l ast season. They have decided to put together two offers, A

and B. Offer A i s a package of one shirt a nd a pair of pants which will

sel l for $30. Offer B is a package of three shirts and a pair of pants,

whi ch will sell for $50. The store does not want to sell less than 20
packages of Offer A and l ess than 10 of Offer B. How many packages of

each do they h ave to sell to maximize the money generated from the

promotion?

1 Choose the unknowns.

x = number of packages of Offer A

y = number of packages of Offer B

2 Write the objective function .

f(x, y) = 30x + 50y

3 Write the constraints as a system of inequaliti es .

A B Minimal

Shirts 1 3 200

Pants 1 1 100

x + 3y ≤ 200

x + y ≤ 100

x ≥ 20

y ≥ 10

4 Find the set of feasible solutions that graphically

represent the constraints .

 5 Calculate the coordinates of the vertices from the

compound of feasi ble sol utions.

6 Calculate the value of the objective function at each of

the vertices to determine which of them has the maximum or minimum

values.

f(x, y) = 30 · 20 + 50 · 10 = $1,100

f(x, y) = 30 · 90 + 50 · 10 = $3,200
 f(x, y) = 30 · 20 + 50 · 60 = $3,600

f(x, y) = 30 · 50 + 50 · 50 = $4,000 Maximum

50 packages of each offer generates a maximum amount

of $4,000 in sales.