EUROPEAN STANDARD FINAL DRAFT

NORME EUROPÉENNE prEN 12697-35

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2004

ICS 93.080.20

English version

Bituminous mixtures - Test methods for hot mix asphalt - Part

35: Laboratory mixing

Mélanges bitumineux - Méthodes d'essai pour mélange Asphalt - Prüfverfahren für Heißasphalt - Teil 35:
hydrocarboné à chaud - Partie 35: Mixe laboratoire Labormischung

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
227.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 12697-35:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
prEN 12697-35:2004 (E)

Contents
page

Foreword............................................................................................................................................................. 3
1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................... 6
2 Normative references ........................................................................................................................... 6
3 Terms and definitions........................................................................................................................... 7
4 Principle ................................................................................................................................................. 7
5 Apparatus .............................................................................................................................................. 7
6 Procedure .............................................................................................................................................. 7
7 Test report ........................................................................................................................................... 10

2
 prEN 12697-35:2004 (E)

Foreword
This document (prEN 12697-35:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 227 “Road
materials”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.

This European Standard is one of a series of standards as listed below:

EN 12697-1, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 1: Soluble binder content

EN 12697-2, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 2: Determination of particle size
distribution

EN 12697-3, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 3: Binder recovery: Rotary
evaporator

EN 12697-4, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 4: Binder recovery:
Fractionating column

EN 12697-5, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 5: Determination of the
maximum density

EN 12697-6, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 6: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens

EN 12697-7, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 7: Determination of bulk density
of bituminous specimens by gamma rays

EN 12697-8, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 8: Determination of void
characteristics of bituminous specimens

EN 12697-9, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 9: Determination of the
reference density

EN 12697-10, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt − Part 10: Compactability

EN 12697-11, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 11: Determination of the
affinity between aggregate and bitumen

EN 12697-12, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 12: Determination of the water
sensitivity of bituminous specimens

EN 12697-13, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 13: Temperature
measurement

EN 12697-14, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 14: Water content

EN 12697-15, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 15: Determination of the
segregation sensitivity

prEN 12697-16, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 16: Abrasion by studded
tyres

3
prEN 12697-35:2004 (E)

prEN 12697-17, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 17: Particle loss of porous
asphalt specimen

prEN 12697-18, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 18: Binder drainage

prEN 12697-19, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 19: Permeability of
specimen

EN 12697-20, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 20: Indentation using cube or
Marshall specimens

EN 12697-21, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 21: Indentation using plate
specimens

EN 12697-22, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 22: Wheel tracking

EN 12697-23, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 23: Determination of the
indirect tensile strength of bituminous specimens

prEN 12697-24, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 24: Resistance to fatigue

prEN 12697-25, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 25: Cyclic compression test

prEN 12697-26, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 26: Stiffness

EN 12697-27, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 27: Sampling

EN 12697-28, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 28: Preparation of samples for
determining binder content, water content and grading

prEN 12697-29, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 29: Determination of the
dimensions of bituminous specimen

prEN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 30: Specimen preparation
by impact compactor

prEN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 31: Specimen preparation
by gyratory compactor

EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 32: Laboratory compaction of
bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor

prEN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 33: Specimen prepared by
roller compactor

prEN 12697-34, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 34: Marshall test

prEN 12697-35, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 35: Laboratory mixing

EN 12697-36, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 36: Determination of the
thickness of a bituminous pavement

EN 12697-37, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 37: Hot sand test for the
adhesivity of binder on pre-coated chippings for HRA

prEN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 38: Common equipment and
calibration

4
 prEN 12697-35:2004 (E)

prEN 12697-39, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 39: Binder content by
ignition

prEN 12697-40, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 40: In-situ drainability

prEN 12697-41, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 41: Resistance to de-icing
fluids

prEN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 42: Amount of foreign matter
in reclaimed asphalt

prEN 12697-43, Bituminous mixtures  Test methods for hot mix asphalt  Part 43: Resistance to fuel

No existing European Standard is superseded.

5
prEN 12697-35:2004 (E)

1 Scope
This European Standard describes the laboratory mixing of bituminous materials for the manufacture of
specimens. The European Standard specifies the reference temperatures for mixing based on the paving
grade of the binder.

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).

EN 58, Bitumen and bituminous binders — Sampling bituminous binders.

EN 12591, Bitumen and bituminous binders — Specifications for paving grade bitumens.

EN 12595, Bitumen and bituminous binders — Determination of kinematic viscosity.

prEN 12697-30, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 30: Specimen preparation
by impact compactor.

prEN 12697-31, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 31: Specimen preparation
by gyratory compactor.

EN 12697-32, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 32: Laboratory compaction of
bituminous mixtures by a vibratory compactor.

prEN 12697-33, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 33: Specimen preparated by
roller compactor.

prEN 12697-38, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 38: Common equipment and
calibration.

prEN 12697-42, Bituminous mixtures — Test methods for hot mix asphalt — Part 42: Amount of foreign matter
in reclaimed asphalt.

prEN 13108-1, Bituminous mixtures — Material specifications — Part 1: Asphalt concrete.

prEN 13108-2, Bituminous mixtures — Material specifications — Part 2: Asphalt concrete for very thin layers.

prEN 13108-3, Bituminous mixtures — Material specifications — Part 3: Soft asphalt.

prEN 13108-4, Bituminous mixtures — Material specifications — Part 4: Hot rolled asphalt.

prEN 13108-5, Bituminous mixtures — Material specifications — Part 5: Stone mastic asphalt.

prEN 13108-6, Bituminous mixtures — Material specifications — Part 6: Mastic asphalt.

prEN 13108-7, Bituminous mixtures — Material specifications — Part 7: Porous asphalt (PA).

6
 prEN 12697-35:2004 (E)

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
reference temperature
target value at which compaction of an asphalt mixture starts

3.2
target temperature
value at which component materials are mixed to form an asphalt mixture

3.3
maximum temperature
value that an asphalt mixture shall not exceed during the mixing process

4 Principle
The bituminous mixture is prepared at a target temperature within a time that is limited in order to reduce
mechanical degradation of the aggregates. The target temperature depends on the grade of bitumen.

NOTE The target temperature for mixing is related to the reference temperatures used for its subsequent
compaction.

5 Apparatus
5.1 Laboratory mixer, capable of entirely coating all mineral substances in not more than 5 min and,
preferably equipped with thermostatically controlled heating and mechanical speed control. The mixer shall be
of the whisk or other type that is not so rigid that it can damage either the aggregate particles or the bowl.

5.2 Ventilated oven, for heating aggregates and bitumen up to the relevant target temperature from Table 1
to the accuracy given in prEN 12697-38.

5.3 Balance, capable of measuring the mass of the intended mixture to the accuracy given in
prEN 12697-38.

5.4 Thermometer, capable of measuring the relevant target temperature from Table 1 to the accuracy given
in prEN 12697-38.

5.5 Hot plate. Adjustable hot plate, capable of maintaining the required target temperature during the
manual mixing to the accuracy given in prEN 12697-38.

6 Procedure

6.1 Mixing temperature

6.1.1 Unless given in the European Standard for the compaction device to be used (prEN 12697-30,
prEN 12697-31, prEN 12697-32 or prEN 12697-33), the reference temperature for mixtures with paving grade
bitumen to EN 12591 shall be taken from Table 1. For mixtures with modified binders or other additives, the
reference temperature shall be selected so that the binder has a viscosity to EN 12595 that is similar to those
provided in Table 1. For mixtures with reclaimed asphalt, the reference temperature shall be calculated using
the overall penetration calculated from the penetrations and proportions of both the added binder and the
binder recovered from the reclaimed asphalt in accordance with annex A of prEN 13108-1:2001,

7
prEN 12697-35:2004 (E)

prEN 13108-2:2002, prEN 13108-3:2000, prEN 13108-4:2003, prEN 13108-5:2000, prEN 13108-6:2000 or
prEN 13108-7:2000 as appropriate.

Table 1 — Reference temperatures for mixtures with paving grade bitumen

Column 1 2 3 4 5
Line Paving grade Reference temperature for: Paving grade Reference temperature for
of bitumen of bitumen mixtures of types other than
°C mastic asphalt
Mixtures of types other Mastic asphalt °C
than mastic asphalt mixtures

1 20/30 pen 180 250 250/330 pen 130

2 30/45 pen 175 240 330/430 pen 125
3 35/50 pen 165 230 500/650 pen 120
4 40/60 pen 155 220 650/900 pen 115
5 50/70 pen 150 V12000 115
6 70/100 pen 145 V6000 110
7 100/150 pen 140 V3000 100
8 160/220 pen 135 V1500 90

6.1.2 The maximum temperature shall be the 20 °C greater than the reference temperature. The target
temperature shall be selected so that the mixture will have cooled to the reference temperature when
compaction is due to commence but shall not be greater than the maximum temperature. For mastic asphalt,
the target temperature for the preparation of binder in 6.4 only shall use the reference temperatures in the
column for mixtures of types other than mastic asphalt.

6.2 Preparation of aggregate and filler

6.2.1 The mineral aggregate shall consist either of the particle mixture, as supplied, with the required
particle size distribution, or of a set of fractions from which the required particle size distribution can be
constructed. If not already dry, dry the aggregate, including the filler, at (110 ± 5) °C to constant mass in a
ventilated oven.

NOTE Constant mass is obtained when successive weighings at least 1 h apart do not differ by more than 0,1 % of
the test portion mass.

6.2.2 Weigh the aggregate, including the filler, with an accuracy of 0,1 %. The measured quantity shall
correspond to the composition of the bituminous mixture and to the mass of the batch to be produced. The
mass of the batch shall take into account the effective capacity of the mixer.

6.2.3 Weigh the additives (such as fibres), if any, with the same accuracy.

6.2.4 Before use, place all the material in a ventilated heating chamber at target temperature ± 5 °C for at
least 8 h.

6.3 Preparation of reclaimed asphalt

If the mixture is to contain reclaimed asphalt, break up the asphalt into separate aggregate particles. Check
the particles for foreign matter in accordance with prEN 12697-42. Weigh the reclaimed asphalt with an
accuracy of 0,1 %. The measured quantity shall correspond to the proportion of the bituminous mixture and to
the mass of the batch to be produced. Before use, place the reclaimed asphalt in a closed bin with a small
hole and the bin into a ventilated heating chamber at the target temperature ± 5 °C.

8
 prEN 12697-35:2004 (E)

6.4 Preparation of binder

Sample the binder in accordance to EN 58, pour into metal containers until nearly full and cover the container.
Heat the binder to the target temperature by placing one or more of the containers in a ventilated heating
chamber set at the target temperature ± 5 °C for a duration of between 3,0 h and 5,0 h. Before mixing, open
the containers, stir the binder manually and verify the temperature.

NOTE When heating the container, precautions should be taken against the pressure inside the container becoming
excessive, for example by slightly loosening the cover.

6.5 Mixing

6.5.1 Before mixing begins, pre-heat the mixer bowl or chamber to the target temperature ± 5°C. If hand
mixture is undertaken, place the hot plate under the mixer bowl or chamber.

NOTE Hand mixing is not appropriate for use with mixtures that include modified binders or reclaimed asphalt or for
the preparation of samples to be used for some tests.

6.5.2 Pour the weighed aggregate samples, with or without the filler, into the bowl or mixing chamber. If
required, mix the aggregate particles together. Add the binder and, where required, the admixtures to the
preheated aggregate mixture. Control the precise quantity of the binder by weighing the container to ± 1 % of
the mass during adding. Mix the components in the mixing bowl (mixing chamber). If the filler has not been
added, stop mixing after about 10 s, add the filler and then restart mixing. Continue mixing until an intimate
mixture is obtained, with the aggregate entirely coated with the binder. Visually examine the mixture to ensure
that the mixture is homogenous. Complete the mixing within the time given in Table 2.

Table 2 — Maximum mixing times

Column 1 2 3 4 5
Line Mixture type Binder Reclaimed asphalt Mechanical mixing Hand mixing

1 Stone mastic Paving grade None 4 min 5 min

asphalt
2 Included 5 min As appropriate
3 Modified Either 5 min As appropriate
4 Other than stone Paving grade None 3 min 5 min
mastic asphalt
5 Included 5 min As appropriate
6 Modified Either 5 min As appropriate

6.5.3 If the composition includes any proprietary additives, follow the supplier’s instructions for its inclusion.

6.5.4 Record the duration of the mixing and any deviations from the standard procedure.

NOTE After the mixing process, the bituminous mixture is ready for use in a test procedure as required.

9
prEN 12697-35:2004 (E)

7 Test report
The report on the test(s) for which the samples are produced shall make reference to this European Standard
and include the following:

a) mixture composition;

b) if required, the plot of the grain size distribution on a graph;

c) nature and origin of the component materials;

d) mixing method used (Hand mixing or Mechanical mixing) and the type of mixer;

e) whether the other components were pre-mixed for 10 s before the filler was added;

f) temperature of mixing;

g) duration of mixing;

h) any deviations from the procedure described in this European Standard.

10