Module 2.

2
Module 2.2
TabularPresentation
Tabular Presentation
of
ofData
Data
 Learning Objectives

At the end of the session, you will be able to

1. Summarize categorical data in 3.Portray a frequency

a frequency table distribution in a histogram,
2.Organize numerical data in frequency polygon, and
an array and into a frequency cumulative frequency polygon.
distribution.
 Tabular
Tabular Presentation
Presentation is the process of
condensing classified data and arranging
them systematically in rows and columns
 Common Types of Tables

2.Single-value
Grouping for
Numerical
1.Summary Data
Table for
Categorical
Data
 1. Summary Table
A Summary Table for Categorical data is
a for Categorical
form of frequency distribution table Data
where observations are classified
based on categorical names
 Example1
The following data are the colors of 20 randomly
selected t-shirts displayed in a department store.

T-shirt Color T-shirt Color

1 white 11 white
2 red 12 red
3 brown 13 brown
4 black 14 black
5 white 15 white
6 black 16 black
7 black 17 black
8 white 18 white
9 white 19 white
10 red 20 red

Organize the data in a Summary Table.

 Step 1 Encode the data in one
column.
■ To determine the frequency:
Use countif function in Excel
=countif(range,”criteria”)
Excel ■ To get the total frequency
Function =sum(data)
■ To compute the relative
frequency
=frequency/total
■ To get the percentage
Ctrl+Shift+% (or click on %
icon in the tool bar)
Table 1. Distribution of T-shirt Colors in a Department Store

Number Relative
of Frequenc Percen Interpretation
Colors t-shirts y tage

white 8 0.4 40% Among the four t-shirt

colors, majority of the
red 4 0.2 20%
t-shirts displayed in
brown 2 0.1 10% the store are white
black 6 0.3 30%
which covers 40% of
the total distribution.
Total 20 1 100% The least displayed t-
shirt color is brown.
 Practice Test
A survey was conducted among a sample of 250
Teleserye Percentage
housewives in a certain community. They were
Ang 21%
asked to choose what teleserye of a TV network
Probinsyano
they often watched. The following table shows the
Marry Me 17%
percentage distribution. Based on the given table,
Marry You
determine the number of housewives who often
Legal Wives 38%
watched Legal Wives?
Encantadia 24%
A. 17 B. 43 C. 95 D. 72
 Single-value
2.

Single-value Grouping for Numerical Data is a

Grouping for
form of frequency distribution table Numerical Data
where distinct values are used as classes
 Example 2
The following data are the years of service of 20 randomly selected
employees in a shoe factory.

Years of
Years of Service
Employee Service Employee
1 16 11 16
2 16 12 16
3 15 13 15
4 17 14 17
5 15 15 15
6 15 16 15
7 16 17 16
8 17 18 17
9 14 19 14
10 16 20 16

Organize the data in a table using Single-value grouping.

 ■ Encode the data in one column.
■ To determine the frequency: Use
countif function in Excel
=countif(range, criteria)
(Note: No more “ “ for the numeric criteria)

Excel
■ To get the total frequency

Function =sum(data)
■ To compute the relative frequency
=frequency/total
■ To get the percentage
Ctrl+Shift+% (or click on % icon in
the tool bar)
Table 2. Distribution of Employees in a Shoe Factory According to Years
of Service

Years of Number of Relative

Service Employees Frequency Percentage

14 2 0.1 10%

15 6 0.3 30%

16 8 0.4 40%

17 4 0.2 20%

Total 20 1 100%

Based from the collected data, there are four identified common values for the years of
service: 14, 15, 16 and 17 years. Eight out of twenty employees fall under 16 years. Only
two employees have served the factory for 14 years.
FDT refers to the tabular arrangement (grouping) of all
observations into intervals or classes together with the
count of the number of observations that fall in each
interval
 Steps in Constructing an FDT
1. Determine an adequate number of intervals (K).
(usually between 5 to 20 class intervals)

Suggested Formulas: 𝐾 = √𝑛; or K = 1+ 3.322log n, where n is the

sample size
2. Determine the range (R). R = highest-lowest
3. Compute the class width (c). c = R/K
Round off c to a value that is easy to work with.
(Suggested Rule: c must have the same number of decimal places as the original data)

4. List the class intervals

 Example
The following table shows the weights (in pounds) of 50 randomly
selected tuna in a fish port.

70 87 99 112 127
78 88 99 114 132
80 89 100 115 132
80 89 106 117 132
82 92 106 119 135
84 94 107 120 136
85 95 108 123 136
86 95 109 124 137
87 97 110 125 138
87 98 112 125 139

Organize the WEIGHT data using Frequency Distribution

Table
Organize the WEIGHT data using Frequency Distribution Table

70 87 99 112 127 4. List the class intervals.

78 88 99 114 132 You may choose the lowest
80 89 100 115 132 value as the starting lower limit
80 89 106 117 132 of the 1st class interval.
82 92 106 119 135
84 94 107 120 136 5. The next class intervals are
85 95 108 123 136 obtained by adding the class
86 95 109 124 137 width c.
87 97 110 125 138
87 98 112 125 139

Steps Class Intervals

1. Number of intervals (K). 70 79
+10
K = 1+ 3.322log n
80 89
= 1+ 3.322log 50
90 99
= 6.64 (rounded off to K=7)
100 109
2. Determine the range (R).
R = highest – lowest = 139-70 = 69 110 119
3. Compute the class width (c).
120 129
c = R/k = 69/7 = 9.857 (rounded off to 130 139
To determine the frequency of each interval using MS EXCEL:
Excel Function: (Highlight the cells under frequency.)
=frequency(data_array, bins_array) For the data _array, highlight the data set while for the
bins array, highlight the upper limit.

Then Press Ctrl+Shift+Enter

Table 3. Distribution of Weights of Selected
Tuna (in Pounds)

Weight Relative
Interval (lbs) No. of Tuna Frequency Percentage
70-79 2 0.04 4%
80-89 12 0.24 24%
90-99 8 0.16 16%
100-109 6 0.12 12%
110-119 7 0.14 14%
120-129 6 0.12 12%
130-139 9 0.18 18%
Total 50 1.00 100%

There are seven weight groups for the selected group. The lowest weight group is 70-
79 lbs. while the highest weight group is 130-139 lbs. 24% of the selected tuna fall
under the 2nd weight group of 80-89 lbs.
 Practice Test:
Age Group Frequency
The following table shows the age
8-14 13
distribution of out-of-school youth in a certain 15-21 24
community. According to the Bureau of Labor 22-28 17
and Employment Statistics, individuals who 29-35 6
are 15 years old and over are the working
age population in the Philippines.

1. Based on the given table, how many percent of these out-of-school youth
belong to the working age population?
A. 40% B. 24% C. 47% D. 78.33%
2 Based on the table, what percentage of these out-of-school youth are older
than 14 but younger than 29?
A.24 B. 17 C. 41 D. 68
 Additional Columns in an FDT

• Class Marks – midpoint between the lower limit and the upper limit
of the class interval; also the midpoint of the class boundaries.

• Class boundaries – are the numbers used to separate classes. They are
not part of the classes or the dataset. It is the midpoint between the lower
limit of the class interval in question and the upper limit of the previous
class

• Less than Cumulative Frequency – sum of the frequencies starting

from the lowest class boundary.
 Relative Class
Scores No. of Tuna Frequency Percentage Class Marks Boundaries < CF
70-79 2 0.04 4% 74.5 69.5-79.5 2
80-89 12 0.24 24% 84.5 79.5-89.5 14
90-99 8 0.16 16% 94.5 89.5-99.5 22
100-109 6 0.12 12% 104.5 99.5-109.5 28
110-119 7 0.14 14% 114.5 109.5-119.5 35
120-129 6 0.12 12% 124.5 119.5-129.5 41
130-139 9 0.18 18% 134.5 129.5-139.5 50
Class Boundary: (79+80)/2 = 79.5
1st Class Mark: (70+79)/2 = 74.5
or (69.5+79.5)/2 = 74.5
1st Class Mark: (70+79)/2 = 74.5
or (69.5+79.5)/2 = 74.5

Relative Class
Scores No. of Tuna Frequency Percentage Class Marks Boundaries < CF
70-79 2 0.04 4% 74.5 69.5-79.5 2
80-89 12 0.24 24% 84.5 79.5-89.5 14
90-99 8 0.16 16% 94.5 89.5-99.5 22
100-109 6 0.12 12% 104.5 99.5-109.5 28
110-119 7 0.14 14% 114.5 109.5-119.5 35
120-129 6 0.12 12% 124.5 119.5-129.5 41
130-139 9 0.18 18% 134.5 129.5-139.5 50

Class Boundary: (79+80)/2 = 79.5

Use the frequency distribution below to complete questions 1 through 5.

1. What is the class width?

a. 10
b. 15
c. 9
d. 5

2. What is the midpoint of the 2nd (60–69) class?

a. 65
b. 65.5
c. 64.5
d. none

3. What percent of the students got a “B” (the 80–89 class)?

a. 15.9%
b. 27.0%
c. 19.0%
d. 23.8%
Creating Column Chart Using Class Intervals in MS Excel
 Add a class mark with zero
frequency so that the graph will
touch the horizontal axis.
Constructing
Frequency Polygon
Using Class
Marks in Excel
Excel: How
to Create
Histogram
Using Class
Boundaries

Note: Gap Width: 0%

There is no gap between bars in a
histogram.
 This means that no observations fall
below 69.5

Excel: How
to Frequency
Ogive Using
Cumulative
Frequency
 Practice Test
The histogram below represents scores achieved by 400 job applicants on
a personality profile.

1) _______ percent of the job applicants

scored between 40 and 50.

2) ________ percent of the job applicants

scored below 70.

3) The number of job applicants who

scored between 20 and below 60 is
________.

4) The number of job applicants who

scored 50 or above is ________.