Preface

Hackers TOEIC Start Reading aims at helping TOEIC beginners

establish a "foundation of English through TOEIC". It is generally known
that a magnificent house rests on a strong foundation, and a good com­
mand of English also needs a solid foundation. In order to improve and
achieve a high TOEIC score, learners should build up their English pro­
ficiency from the very beginning. In actual fact, high TOEIC scores can
only be ensured by a good language ability, constant efforts, correct
methods of learning, and practical English materials.

Hackers TOEIC Start Reading is an introductory book which pro­

vides necessary essentials and strategies for those who start their first
steps in learning TOEIC. Each section in the book provides brief and
clear explanations which are suitable for elementary learners. We have
specially designed the book in a way that learners can arrange their
daily study in order to steadily acquire the fundamentals of Grammar,
Vocabulary, and Reading Comprehension - the key areas that are tested
in the TOEIC Reading section. Learners can either start studying all the
sections in order or refer to a particular part they want to focus on.

Start familiarizing yourself with the TOEIC test using Hackers TOEIC
Start Reading from today.

!lac.,_

www.nhantriviet.com 3
CONTENTS
Introduction 7 Grammar • Basic grammar 28
Structure of the book 8 • Five basic sentence
AboutTOEIC 11 patterns 29
I
Typical question types in the TOEIC Reading test 15 Basic Points • Eight parts of speech 30
Your English proficiency and learning style 20 • Phrases and clauses 31
Your study plan 24

f -
Reading • Paraphrasing 33

WEEK 1 �{. - Grammar

[Basic Grammar] Subject and Verb

-Vocabulary '\]Reading
36
Prepositional
DAY1 01 Subject 38 42 Overview/Gist Questions 44
Phrases
02 Verb 40
[Basic Grammar] Object, Complement. and Modifier 52
01 Object 54
DAY 21 Verb Phrases (1) 60 Information Questions 62
02 Complement 56
03 Modifier 58
[Part of Speech] Nouns 70
01 Positions of Nouns 72
DAY3 Verb Phrases (2) 78 NOT/TRUE Questions 80
02 Countable Nouns and Uncountable Nouns 74
03 Numeric Expressions before Nouns 76
[Part of Speech] Pronouns 88
01 Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, and Reflexive

DAY4
Pronouns 91
Noun Phrases 99 Inference Questions 101
02 Demonstrative Pronouns 93

1
03 Indefinite Pronouns 95
04 Agreement between Pronouns and Nouns 97
[Part of Speech] Adjectives and Adverbs 108
01 Adjectives 110
DAYS Collocations 116 Synonym Questions 118
02 Adverbs 112
03 Confusing Adjectives and Adverbs 114
--
WEEK 2 f Grammar
--Vocabulary �ading
[Part of Speech] Prepositions 126 I
01 Positions of Prepositions 128
DAY1 02 Prepositions of Time 130 Verbs (1) 136 Letters and E-mails 138
03 Prepositions of Place 132
04 Prepositions of Direction 134
[Part of Speech] Conjunctions 146
DAY2 01 Coordinating Conjunctions and Correlative Conjunctions 148 Verbs (2) 152 Advertisements 154
02 Subordinating Conjunctions 150
[Part of Speech] Verbs 162
DAY3 01 Verb Forms 164 Verbs (3) 168 Notices/ Announcements 170
02 Intransitive Verbs and Transitive Verbs 166
[Verb] Subject-Verb Agreement 178
01 Subject-Verb Agreement - Singular Subject and
DAY4 Singular Verb 180 Verbs (4) 186 Articles/Reviews 188
02 Subject-Verb Agreement - Plural Subject and Plural Verb 182
03 Subject-Verb Agreement - Special Cases 184
[Verb] Tenses 196
01 Present Simple, Past Simple, and Future Simple 198
DAYS 02 Present Progressive, Past Progressive, and Future Verbs (5) 204 Memorandums 206
200
.
Progressive
I
03 Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect 202 I

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 WEEK 3 ' Grammar
[Verb] Active Voice and Passive Voice
'

01 Active Voice and Passive Voice

214
-Vocabulary

216 Nouns (1) 220 Information

--
VReading

222
02 Common Collocations 218
DAY1

[Verb] Conditionals 230

01 Past Conditional 232
Nouns (2) 238 Invitations 240
02 Past Perfect Conditional 234
DAY2
03 Future Conditional 236 1

[Verbal Phrase] To-infinitives 248

01 Positions of To-infinitives 250
Nouns (3) 256 Invoices 258
02 Functions of To-infinitives 252
DAY3
03 Verbs Followed by a To-infinitive 254

[Verbal Phrase] Gerunds 2661

01 Positions and Functions of Gerunds 268
Nouns (4) 274 Schedules 276
02 Verbs Followed by a Gerund 270
DAY4
03 Expressions Fallowed by a Gerund 272
[Verbal Phrase] Participles 284
01 Positions and Functions of Participles 286
Adjectives (1) 292 Surveys 294
02 Participle Phrases 288
DAYS
03 Present Participles and Past Participles 290

Vocabullry · Reading

Double Passages:
01 Positions of Noun Clauses 304 Adjectives (2) 308 310
Letters/ E-mails
02 Noun Clause Conjunctions 306
DAY1

[Clause] Adverb Clauses 318

Double Passages:
01 Positions of Adverb Clauses 320 Adjectives (3) 324 326
Announcements
02 Adverb Clause Conjunctions 322
DAY2

[Clause] Adjective Clauses 334

Double Passages:
01 Positions of Adjective Clauses 336 Adverbs (1) 340 342
Advertisements
02 Relative Pronouns 338 1
DAY3

[Special Structure] Comparisons 350

01 Comparatives 352 Adverbs (2) 356 Double Passages: Articles 358
02 Superlatives 354
DAY4

[Special Structure] Parallelism and Inversion 366

01 Parallelism 368 Adverbs (3) 372 Double Passages: Forms 374
02 Inversion 370
DAYS

I Answers 381 I

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6 www.nhantriviet.com
 Introduction

01. An introductory TOEIC book for beginners

This is an introductory TOEIC book for beginners; therefore, the book provides learners
with the fundamentals which are frequently found in the TOEIC Reading test. The book has
been designed in a way that the focus is equally placed on Grammar, Vocabulary, and Reading
Comprehension.

02. Four weeks to learn basic Grammar, Vocabulary, and Reading

Comprehension
Basic sections on Grammar, Vocabulary, and Reading Comprehension are provided so that
learners can follow a systematic study plan in four weeks. An intermediate level of reading profi­
ciency can be achieved if the study plan is strictly followed.

03. Typical language areas

Grammar, Vocabulary, and Reading Comprehension sections are presented in daily lessons
to help learners familiarize themselves with the actual TOEIC Reading test.

04. Fundamentals for beginners

Corners where true beginners can easily understand basic English are interestingly designed.
Before studying more important TOEIC contents, learners can study some TOEIC essentials by
looking at the "Basic Points to Remember" and "Fun with Basic Grammar" corners.

05. Vocabulary learning in contexts

Learners can easily remember common TOEIC vocabulary items through interesting short
stories and the "Language Focus" section where the meanings of new lexical items are shown in
good examples.

06. Reading strategies and strategy application

These sections explain the approaches to cope with each question type. Additionally, in the
analyzing section, hints for correct answers are printed in bold type. Therefore, learners can find
it easy and eye-catching when they are self-studying.

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 7

 Structure of the book

Grammar

[Basic Grammar] Subject and Verb

r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,
I o
------� I
I Fun wt1h Bosk: G<ommor
- • • Mjo<ll _______, I
I ------ A Mlflc;l: ge,wall'f con'N • Phl t,egmlng ol e ..,._._ I
I � • • $Ullji!ct? WhM 15 e llfflJ1 &ror./ooc:urr.d. I

�pln"':ta.:.::::::.i:::�°:5�=-u:== .
I
,... _. ...,_ I

·.,
I ..,.. • • - · - -- · - - · - • - • - • - -. I
I 1n n.. «tOpca """'9. tlw octllflU& ll llP 'll.lbjlcl partOrming ltw tCIIOl'l diinu ThG a I Whdl lll in. ,.,_,. la h &qltfl' I I
II j I
L:�..""""":-"��ot�;-:
�A� --:-
.. _ I
I ------------ . - · - · - · . -. IA
.i I
I
I
I ,,--------------------------------�
I
1 Fun with Basic Grammar 1
This part focuses on frequently asked questions that starters are concerned about, which can
L. - - - - - - - -

help them gain fundamental knowledge before moving on to TOEIC grammar.

� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -, r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,
I I I
I I I Oloosa one correct os,tk>n in the parentheses.
I
A
I I
I I l o1 {Regill•, Reglttrabon) beglrw 111 7 a.m.
I I GZ n. (COll, � of houu',g n>N � - �
i. I a J {Wl'lte, Towrlle) a ncMl ll a g.)ll ofmeny Cf81:MI Wfltn
Overview
This part provides learners with grammar terms : " (E,mg, E.ol) ... _ ., _ _
I 05 O.. (strategic, llnltegy) ll 10 1alp:h lhe pn>dt,d ln EU'Ope
presented in the simplest way. J 06 Thl (llllllad:ion. � ol cu .,. II IU � �-
1 �------------------~
L Practice
Learners can check their understanding of the TOEIC
� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,
grammar points by doing a simple exercise befor�
trying more challenging actual questions.
&..t)jecU can be nouin.. pron(IUf'II. gerundl (V-lng), lo-WWIIYN, o, noun claMI
Noun1 The �/� ucellffl.

-
.,,_: !Mrl_.. mv �
� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,
Gerund: � ei,ouptt ,..,. � : �°""""""'--""""'"'""''oMowlnc•••""""- I
I
To--lnflnittw: T�.!!!._�d/WN � honor. I
01 nw ot lC0idllntl atlldi � 0t lhauld umt .,,. ....,.... or I
I prlottry ln lhl �- INI MW i.dryW � .....,g.

J
I .1
Hackers Points I
I

This part highlights common TOEIC grammar l Adual Questions

points with examples . These questions are similar to those in the actual
TOEIC test. Therefore, learners are able to test their
TOEIC ability.

8 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

'
Vocabu lary

Prepos1t1onal Ph rases
.. Day 1 Week 1 .,,
• - - c�

r- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - .,
I
.
. · ,( ..._ \ -""' -

r-· - - - - - - - .,
.... . _

� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,
I I
I I
I the �
I
Choose one COITf!Ct opdon In

I I
I
01 c.ndldMal rrut -.etn11 .,.
I
I 1 02 '
Practice
, ,, .,
Thla ll M ll'!tefelting entroauctlon lO PfllPO'ltlonel

I prwuM en (� Thil lhcld llllk • gt,Ml � a n.-

I 1,1,a -,t..-, lfd you ... � a c:tw.. lo _ ,.,.,. Learners can consolidate the vocabulary items
I PfllPOlilllOtW ptwuel •• ll(iUy � "tlk �

I ,_ .,.... � ■ gm1g to M � for lhe Nb they have just learned or learn some more by
I doing a simple exercise.
of � y01,1 1Mm lbo.l prllP(IMIOnlll � In

� - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -,
W'rthoul a dllubt f'lal1"9 ..... IM � P'I'- '

b¥ Mffl ln otl\et'" -rlb. Ny 'dol'l1 1'Mty ltw1i lltnl f

'Mic:tl � pt,,NM tr-, wa n- pr�
llbrlll � .. UNO in �bon wltft Qf9
I I
mmai ot,,-. n. type ol buMr,g � "4)c
I
OU'l ol P,,,,.. II Oflen rMTfKl to • •� f,,$
the followln& sentences.
I
: ..... Choose the correct optk>n for each of
you CClllriue to lpMII, ■ llr9a0t, � and mere

ptw- n on tMl lrp of )Q" IOrQA. OI CICII.CN. J OS Oelpte thl md ...., lhe llght amwd 06 Tlw cn:ldlt9 cld nol get !N iotl
I
I on I

�--- �--��;i
_. n a nun-it,.- OI .. M h l)'OIIIIIQld W•lh tlw tMUll ol hll �

1r11.nt1on ot maa,g i..r.ig ltlNl! ptw-. -­ I IAJ IICIP(ISltmlnl � conditlDn IA! � IQ b I

�. Ml lMOI'). yoi., ft!Uld bl ... lO .-n .-.... I fBJ lthl!dllia IDJ feQ!Mlt lBI • IO> on I

I ., ,., ,_.
E
� ptW'MN by mear.1 of LUlg Engllah on
I I
I a dllly t.il l do hef)l lhll alt• oon; lhll -.rciN.
I 07 OUNtionl 7 1nd l m91' 1o lhe followlng � I

I
I yw bt ltlla lO � &.gm � i:,w..t
I OI lta 9" 8Mcl, Hcul il h -- lD Uf ll )'OII J)lan lO 'MCador, ln ttw ..-,, Bahl• I
I
� ft � .
1 r meal Contlnnal brNldut ..,,. be lndudtd In thll tOOffl cherge. TOt#I Mound lhe C'llrf
I
1111 .....,._ upon ll! yau wllh lo l!now ff'IOra lbcu: lhl holal, plaaN oontac1 ua
I I IC! -
I
I 1 (B} � {D) f'IIQUll'ltffll I
I Language Focus I Wt wl: Nnd you brochura dNcribwlg CU' hoClll fedlitln ..
I
I I I
I Vocabulary i n contexts Learners can familiarize I
DI IA) deall
1e1 1n detal
(a ....
(Ol lletMl!ld 1 I
themselves with vocabu­ I
Learners can easily remember L _ _ Actual Questions ,,
new vocabulary used in inter­ lary frequently found in Learners can consolidate the vocabulary items
esting stories. the TOEIC test by learn­ they have just learned or learn some more by
ing examples. doing a multiple-choice exercise.

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 9

Reading

Day 1 week 1 11

,---
Overview /Gist Questions
: _:::-.l ::-1 __;...,:..�U:•*��.'...•:•..,� .... !;:':.;..;iaf,. -..1..: -.i. •L.M._"'4 :.__,_ ,�.L•..-·:i;;._• <..~, .. .;. , ,'._,_.:-..:_ .. ,• ....• .=. :1. _ _ � �--: "'

,
I
I
'" '111 ' �,'911\ � «'l � �.t'd � - ltw � lh.ll' l'lqUff

- - - - - - .,'
I
� ID "<'ICl 11M :11it ftW!l'l da, lht -.C. or tht pu1pCR Gf 11 ...,. p,assq

I
'"'
,-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - I
Tha qc.-ttion blbill' � to b � m(lffC)

I 0eer Mr �.
I " I I w tT1ijf,I P,JWlbly I� !ho rnMt,ng Tl-.v I,>)' IP II "" � ·:---
Q.,edora ltn.ll ,-ffllllnldN0tpupcaeclalNdr!Q � Laatf corailn � u:tl I
I CDnlersa it. · � b9i eonducllng wllh � � w.c..:i you
lhl

I • �Whv ...-wWito9k: •� lbcM. purpoM, Wl'ftan. s. B1tow- n .,,,. 1ypc1111 I

I I
,,..., I aur � 'IIIIOl.lld be held on MonOly. becaJse I WCUd WM lo
.-tr alara , ...... � � 10 --, ...,.,,. pro,ea

I
I
I I 1pe1e llml lor lhe rflQOrtl befln (tw mee&1ng7 1 ,Ully � lcr lM

I
1 ,., Question Types
:
delay, I IOdl ior.w.d 1o has,ng f,Otl't 't0,1 90Crl

: Common question types are provided to pre- I

, "" pare learners for the Reading Comprehension
L _ - section of the TOEIC test.
:
.,
,-
1 Whae ■ �dil ,.,..,...;i? --- Sllf l , Rud 1hl ..... 1D iwdy .....,_.
••"'_...quaclofl
I
�itw• �
w ro _.. taa =ro lhe fflllfflC
�I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,I I
I
181 To � lhe meetine time ---- 5-:J: Rndouiit.� __.,whktl
I
m:='-----------------
I Aud lhl QUNticln. Ftom lhl word cari bl lnterTed he ... �
I
II I lklti II aboul lt'le main idN/IMPQN cl lhl memo I
I
� SU, h

I I
pWpON, •
I
The main ldN� .. an., <baJaMd . !hit bilglnrW,v .. IOSJlc ._.

I
1 �'----....::..:....c:.==============;__- 1
Stlllp2:

I
, Reading Strategy
1 The specific reading strategy for each question , Strategy Application l.
l

type is presented systematically so that learners Common TOEIC reading passages are given for learners
•: - •: to apply the reading strategy in the previous part.
can enhance their TOEIC reading skills.

. • . • -"· .
Day 1 Week 1 +
r

I
Practice paraphrasing the following sentences b'( chooslna the: •,-
'7

I
comet option.

.,.anged. I
05 l lt llegal 10 trantpCWt mor-. ?han b.w paopt,t r'l tha tu1.

I
01 The fflNbnQ wu hlkl • tchedulild
(Al frle lald • nat blt tflOUdl f0' m«e U\ln W �

I
• The fflNting ..
{9} 1he maa.tnl#n capaoty b ttle UIIU · ltU' �.
W � olaet tB) UIOI ICtXll'I

1
06 Whle lhl r00 ateunclef�, 110CNSto oertlln dlstrk:Ul wll be f9ltrletclo I
I •
Paraphrasing Practice
This section enables learners to practice the paraphrasing I
-----------------------�
t,N Once the fOlldrworil t.s been �«l, IICCe5S will be p,en lO - whldsl.

I
skill needed for doing the TOEIC Reading Comprehension
{B) Some .,.., wil be tempcqn1y clok\Cl to � until thl repalts n-t bMtl COIN)leted

section.

1 0 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

 Basic Poi nts to Remem ber
"Basic Poi nts to Remember" i ntroduces
the fu ndamenta ls which are essentia l for
learn i ng G ra m mar lessons a nd Read ing
comprehension.

Grammar • Basic g rammar

• Five basic sentence patterns
• Eight parts of speech
• Phrases and clauses

Reading • Paraphrasing

www.nha ntriviet.com 27
Grammar

When learners are familiar with basic sentence patterns, it is much easier for
them to understand English. Therefore, this part will focus on basic grammar,
five basic sentence patterns, eight parts of speech, phrases and clauses.

1 . Basic grammar

Subject and Verb

The sentence / run consists of two simple words. Two basic elements to build such a sentence
are the subject (I) and the verb (run) .
I (Subject) + run (Verb) .

Object
A subject and a verb are the two basic parts in a sentence, but i n some cases, they are not
sufficient to make a sentence complete. The sentence I like seems to be i ncomplete. Here, if
the noun sandwiches is added, this sentence becomes complete. The noun sa ndwiches is the
object in the sentence.
I (Subject) + like (Verb) + sandwiches (Object) .

Complement
In the sentence She is happy, she is the subject, and happy is an adjective . The adjective
happy cannot come in the object position. It helps explain the woman's state or feeli ng. In the
sentence The present made her happy, happy poi nts out the state or feeling of the object her.

The adjective that modifies the subject or object in a sentence is called the complement.
She (Subject) + is (Verb) + happy (Complement) .
The present (Subject) + made (Verb) + her (Object) + happy (Complement).

Modifier
Modifiers add more i nformation to basic parts in sentences. For example, in the sentence Jane
dances beautifully, bea utifully describes the action dance in more detail . Thus, the word that
adds more information (like bea utifu lly) i n a sentence is cal led the modifier.
J a ne (Subject) + dances (Verb) + beautifully (Modifier).

28 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

2. Five basic sentence patterns
Sentence patte rn 1 is the most basic pattern . It con­
tains a subject and a verb, and the meaning is com­
plete. A modifier may be added to give more infor­
mation to the subject or the verb. Intransitive verbs
such as g o , leave , l ive , or ru n mostly form sentence
pattern 1 .
He (Subject) + lef (Verb) .
f

Sentence pattern 2 is formed by adding a comple­

ment to such verbs as be, become, look, and see m .
You (Subject) + look (Verb) + smart (Complement) .

Sentence pattern 3 is formed by adding an object to

such transitive verbs as love, bel i eve, meet, see,
etc.
She (Subject) + saw (Verb) + the movie (Object) .

In sentence pattern 4, the sentence has two objects

after the main verb. These objects are "indirect ob­
ject" and "direct object" . G ive , send , tel l , and show
are some examples of verbs which are normally fol­
lowed by two objects.
J i m (Subject) + gave (Verb) + h i s wife (Indirect ob­
ject) + a necklace (Direct object) .

In sentence pattern 5 , the main verb is followed by

an object and a complement. Such verbs as make ,
fin d , ca l l , etc. are usually seen i n sentence pattern 5 .
The news (Subject) + made (Verb) + me (Object) +
ha ppy (Complement) .

www .nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 29

3. Eight parts of speech
Nouns
Nouns are the names of things or people. Nouns can be either concrete
book, window, a i r (things that can be seen and touched, e.g. b o o k , pencil) or abstract (things
0. ____

that cannot be seen and touched, e.g. a i r , effort) .

Pronouns
Pronoun Pronouns are often used to replace or to avoid repeating the nouns that

I watched a film. It was very i nteresting.

have been mentioned. E.g.:
he, she, it
It is a pronoun, used to replace the previous noun fil m .

Verbs
If a sentence just contains Charles, it is incomplete and meaningless
because the listener or reader does not know what the speaker or writer
wants to say about Charles. This sentence needs a verb to show the action
or state of the subject - in this sentence, the verb mentions the action or
state of Charles. E.g.:
Charles plays football.
Charles is excited a bout the game.

Adjective Adjectives
Adjectives modify nouns; that is, adjectives describe certain nouns. E.g. :
new, nice, pretty an exciting movie
a boring movie

Adverbs
In the sentence I got up early, early modifies got u p . Here, a modifier modi­
fying a verb is called an adverb. Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other
adverbs, or a whole sentence. Actually, adverbs can make certain parts in a
sentence clearer in meaning.

Conj u n ctions
Conjunctions in English can be used to combine two words, two phrases,
or two clauses. E.g. :
Charles is tall and well b uilt.
I always feel better after talking to you.
She went to bed early because she was extremely tired.

30 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 P re p ositions
Prepositions come before a noun or a noun phrase to show time, direction,
place, reason, method, etc . E.g. :
in January
at the airport

Exclamatio n s
In Oh, the scenery is wonderful!, Oh shows the speaker's surprise. Words
oh, wow, oops that come out unconsciously when speakers are happy, angry, or surprised
are cal led exclamations, such as Wow ! , Oops ! , Bravo ! .

4. Phrases and cla uses

Phrases and clauses are expressions of two or more than two words that together show a
particular meaning. Phrases consist of words without subject-verb relation, whereas clauses are
formed by words with subject-verb relation. E.g. :

In a train : p h rase
This is the train that I saw. --+ that I saw: adjective clause

Phrases and clauses can function as parts of speech in a sentence. It means that they can
work as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

Noun phrase and noun cla use

Noun phrases and noun clauses function as simple nouns. In a sentence, a noun phrase or
noun clause can be the subject, object, or complement.
Noun phrase: To play the game is i nteresting .
Subject

Subject Verb
Noun clause: I know that� kind.
Object

Adjective ph rase and adjective clause

Adjective phrases and adjective clauses can function as adjectives modifying nouns.
Adjective p h rase : She wants a house with a larg e garden .
Modifying the noun house

Subject Verb
Adjective clause: This is the necklace which on
Modifying t h e n o u n necklace

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Adverb phrase and adverb clause
Adverb phrases and adverb clauses can function as adverbs modifying verbs, adjectives,
other adverbs, or a whole sentence.
Adverb phrase: My brothe r exercises in the morning .
t I Modifying the verb exercise

Verb
Adve rb c la u s e : as heavy, we went out.
Modifying the whole sentence �---�
--��--==,..-<-'-=-. -�

32 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

Reading

1. What is paraphrasing?
Paraphrasing i s a skill that i s very important i n doing the TOEIC test. The fol lowing example
can help you understand what a "paraphrased sentence" is.

The plane is going to take off at 4 : 00. ---- The ti me the plane departs is 4 : 00.
Paraphrasing

The two sentences above express the same meaning.

Paraphrasing is the technique used to express the same idea, using different structures and
vocabu lary.

2. Why do I have to know paraphrasing?

Paraphrasing is a necessary skill t o help you find out correct answers i n Part 7 o f the TOEIC
test. Actually, Part 7 mostly consists of questions with given answer choices, among them is the
one correct answer which is paraphrased from the information in a readi ng passage.

Venus, Inc. is one of the major cosmetics com panies of the country.

Q. What does Venus, Inc. produce?

A. Women 's clothes
B. Diet food
C. Beauty products
D. Sports equipment

- The sentence states that Venus, I nc. is a cosmetics company; therefore , the company's products
must be cosmetics. Cosm etics in the sentence is paraphrased as bea uty products ; then the
correct answer is (C) Beauty products .

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 3

3. What are specific types of paraphrasing?
Same meaning - different expressions
This type of paraphrasing uses different expressions to express the same meaning.

I have to postpone the meeting scheduled for Tuesday.

= I want to reschedule the meeting .

.... Postpone the meeti ng is paraphrased as resched u le the meetin g , meaning rearrange the
meeting time.

Generalization
This type of paraphrasing generalizes a concept by using another expression to refer to it.

The reg istration fee includes a hotel room for two nig hts.
= Accommodations are incl uded in the reg istration fee .

.... A hotel room is general ized as accom modations which refers to a hotel roo m .

Summarizing
This type of paraphrasing summarizes a clause or a sentence to give a simpler sentence.

I ordered men's shirts and s u n g lasses, but o n ly men's s h i rts were del ivered .
= S u n glasses were not incl uded in the shi pment.

.... Here, the original sentence is paraphrased to give a simpler one, Sunglasses were not included
in the shipment.

Inference
This type of paraphrasing provides an inference of a new fact based on one or more than one
clause or sentence.

The fact that their tea m won the game was a s u rprise to many Bricktown reside nts.
= The Bricktown residents did not expect their team to win the game .

.... From the given sentence, it can be inferred that The Bricktown residents did not expect their
team to win the game.

34 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 0
Day 1 Wee k 1

Grammar
[ Basic G ra m mar] Subject and Verb
0 1 Subject
02 Verb

Vocabulary
Prepositional Phrases

Reading
Overview / G ist Questions

www.nhantriviet.com 35
 [ Basic Grammar] Subject and Verb

� Fun wtth Basic Grammar

What is a subject? What is a verb?

The octopus dances.

Subject Verb

In The octopus dances, the octopus is the subject performing the action dance. Thi s is •
ca lled the subject of the sentence. Dance follows the octo pus to show the octopus's action.
The pa rt of the sentence that performs the action or state of the subject is called the verb of

Are s u bjects a nd verbs very necessary i n a n E nglish sentence?

Yes, they are. I n English, subjects and verbs are the two most basic elements i n a sentence.
In other words, a complete sentence must have at least one subject and one main verb.

Employees/ work. (O)

Subject Verb

People / com petent. (X)

Subject Adjective

r C ff , u --=-0 =-<=c o �o=--= o =--= � o =--= o =--= o=--= o =--= o =--= • =--= 1

Wh ich of the following i s a sentence?

( A ) The a irplane a rrived .
ij
�
( B ) Mr. Kim manager.
ij
�
o (C) Build available. •
� q A sentence must have a subject and a verb.
Answer: (A) i
§=o ==--== o- � o -==--= o ==--:::::=- 0 �0-=---=o .=--==-.o-=--==" =--=:i,o =--==::- o ==---=== o ====--=== o ==--==:: o �

3 6 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Da y 1 Week 1

Where Is a su bject?
A subject generally comes at the beg inning of a sentence .

Errors / occu rred .

r
Subject

U P- o =--=o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--== o=--= o =--=
1

r
Which of the following is the subject?
f The CEO resigned.

I�
(A) (B) o

The subject comes at the beginning of the sentence. Answer: ( A ) �

� =-= o =-= o =-= o � o � o � o � o =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= o � o =-= o � �

Where is a verb?
A verb generally follows its subject.

The pla n / s u cceeded.

Verb

r U P- • =--= • � • - o =--= o =--= 0 - 0 =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--=

i
1
� Which of the following is the verb?

o
Expenses iricreased .
(A) ( B) f
o

� � The verb follows its su bject. Answer: (B) �

� =-== O =-= o =-= o =-= o �o =-= o =-= o =-= o � o =-= o �o =-= o � o =-c= �

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 37

(I Possi ble su bjects
Subjects can be nouns, pronouns, gerunds (V-ing) , to-infinitives , or noun clauses .

Noun: The proposal/sounds excellent.

S u bject

Prono u n : They / were my co-workers.

Subject

Geru n d : Having enough rest/ is importa nt.

Subject

To- infinitive : To get the awa rd / was an honor.

Subject

N oun clause: That he will come/ is certa i n .

Subject

(I> Incorrect i nsta nces in the su bject position

Verbs and adjectives cannot come in the subject position.

The (�, � /should include a letter of reference.

Verb (X) Noun (0)

The (different, � i n cost / i nfluenced the decision.

Adjective (X) Noun (0)

38 - Hackers TOEI C Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.
mDD
0 1 (Register, Registration) begins at 7 a.m.

02 The (cost, costly) of housing rose dramatically last year.

03 (Write, To write) a novel is a goal of many creative writers.

04 (Eating, Eat) well leads to good health.

05 Our (strategic, strategy) is to launch the product in Europe.

06 The (satisfaction, satisfactory) of our clients is our highest concern.

----- Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.

07 The __ of accidents should take 09 __ should submit their evaluations of

priority in the workplace. this new hairdryer before leaving.
(A) prevent (C) prevention (A) Participants (C) Participate
(8) prevented ( D) preventive (8) Participated (D) Participatory

08 The __ in the research budget caused 1 0 Because of his poor performance, the __
a delay in the design process. dismissed the company's financial manager.
(A) reductive (C) reduce (A) direct (C) director
(8) reduced (D) red uction (8) directive (D) directed

Answers: p. 381

02 rise [raiz] 08 budget [bid3it]

dramatically [dramretikali] delay [dilei]
03 creative [krieitiv] 09 submit [sabmit]
05 launch [b:ntf] evaluation [ivreljueifan]
06 concern [kansa :rn] 1 o performa nce [pam:rmans]
07 priority [prai5:rati] dism iss [dismis]
fi na ncial [fainrenJal]

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 39

02 Verb

I l i ke apples, s o I eati n g them every morn i n g .

•• In this sentence, like fu nctions as a verb, but eating is not. In English, a correct
statement must have a subject a nd a fi nite verb (the verb that is conj ugated and
corresponds to its subject).
The correct sentence is:
I l i ke apples, so I eat them every morn ing .

(I Possi ble verbs

(Auxiliary verbs +) Verbs can be put in the verb position .

Verb: They/ c reate / n ew designs.

Subject Verb

Auxi liary ve rb + ve rb: Ja n e /wi l l ex plain /the process.

Subject Verb

I ncorrect instances in the verb position

To-infi nitives, gerunds (V-i ng) , nouns, and adjectives cannot come in the verb position.

To-i nfi n itive: The workers / (to eommute, �) /to the factory / by tra i n .
To-infinitive (X) Verb (0)

Geru n d : She/ (eompleting,�) / the course.

Gerund (X) Verb (0)

Noun: We / (agreement , �) /to t h e terms o f t h e contract.

Noun (X) Verb (0)

Adjective : The two compa n ies/ (eooperatiYe, � / o n the project.

Adjective (X) Verb (0)

40 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nh antriviet.com

 ,
_
...�_:.Z.:1l-�����JI.' "' __ •._ � � f •.� •, �, �,_:
Day 1 Week 1
.-.:--,. .�·, ,L!I l •,•:..C ,
...,
mmn
Choose one correct option in the pa rentheses.

0 1 These positions (require, requirement) extensive experience.

02 The company (to organize, should organize) a training program for staff.

03 Mr. Lee (pu rchased, purchasing) new office furniture.

04 Dialogue (helpful, can help) people to resolve problems.

_..,.. ___ Choose the correct o ption for each of the fol l owing . sentences.

0 5 The CEO __ a new management system 06 The members of the H R department __

in the board meeting. every applicant's file.
(A) will suggest (C) suggesting (A) to review (C) reviewed
(B) suggestion (D) to suggest (B) reviewing (D) reviewer

07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowi ng memorandu m .

08 From: Carole Elliot
To: Randy Holly
Our company __ the International Culture Exchange Exposition next month . It will be
07 (A) attendant (C) to attend
(B) attendi ng (D) will attend

held from June 1 5 to 1 8 at the New World Convention Center in Boston, Massachusetts.
We will have a booth to display our products under the theme " Food " . More __ is
08 (A) informative (C) informs
(B) information (D) inform

available on the website at www.CE-Exposition.com.

Answers: 381

0 1 position [pazifan] 05 ma nagement [mrenid3mant] 07 exchange [ikstfeind3]

extensive [ikstensiv] board meeting 08 exposition [ekspazifan]
04 dialogue [daiafo:g] 06 H R department ( = H u m a n booth [bu:8] display [displei]
resolve [rizalv] Resou rces department ) theme [8i:m]
applicant [replikant] ava i lable [aveilabl]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 41

 This is an interesting introduction to prepositional
phrases in English. This short tal k is given by a na­
tive teacher, and you wi ll have a chance to see how
prepositional phrases are skillfully included: "Ok class,
this small exercise is going to be given for the sake
of helping you learn about prepositional phrases . I n
a l l l i keli hood , you use these short phrases every day.
W i t h o u t a d o u bt , native speakers use these phrases
by heart . I n other words , they don't really think about
which prepositional phrases they use. These prepos­
itional phrases are used i n c o m b i n a t i o n with other
common phrases . This type of building language up
out of phrases is often referred to as 'chu nking ' . As
you continue to speak a language, more and more
phrases are on t h e t i p of your tongue. Of course,
there are a number of lists that are provided with t h e
i n tent i o n of making learning these ph rases easier.
However, i n t h eory, you should be able to learn these
prepositional phrases by m e a n s of using Eng lish on
a daily basis. I do hope that after doing this exercise,
you wil l be able to use Engli sh prepositional phrases
correctly and effectively. "

4 2 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

01 Candidates must submit their application (in, on , by) writing.

02 I hope you're doing this j ust for the sake (of, in, about) the money.

03 All staff must carry their ID cards (by, at, with) all times.

04 Mr. Adams will be in (behalf, case, charge) of data analysis.

05 Despite the bad weather, the flight arrived 06 The candidate did not get the job __ a
on __ . result of his inexperience.
(A) appointment (C) condition (A) by (C) for
(B) sched ule {D) request (B) as (D) on

07 Q uestions 7 a n d 8 refer t o the fol lowing advertisement.

08 The Shine Beach Hotel is the place to stay if you plan to vacation i n the sunny Baha­
mas ! Continental breakfast will be included in the room charge. Tours around the city
are available upon __. If you wish to know more about the hotel , please contact us.
07 (A) respect (C) request
(B) removal ( D) requirement

We will send you brochures describing our hotel facilities __ .

08 (A) details (C) d etailing
( B ) in deta i l (D) detailed

Answers: p. 381

01 candidate [krendideit) 05 despite [dispait) brochure [broufur)

submit [sabmit) 06 i nexperience ['mikspi arians) describe [diskraib)
application [replikeifan) �7 vacation [veikeifan) fac i lity [fasilati)
03 staff [stref] 08 conti nental brea kfast
carry [kreri] i nclude [inklti:d]
04 a n alysis [anailasis] charge [tfo:rd3l

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 43

 Overview/ Gist Questions
• - -- st, = ,_ � �

� m u u � * � * u m � u � *
:; In Part 7, overview/g ist questions are frequently tested. These are the questions that require -:❖
.. readers to find out the main idea, the topic, or the purpose of a reading passage.
::: :·: :·: ::: :': :·: ::: :;: ::: ::: :·: :::: :·: ·::

Questions about the main idea or purpose of a reading passage usually contain WH-words such
as What, Why together with topic, discuss, a bout, purpose, written , etc. Below are some typical
questions for the main idea/ purpose.

Topic: What is the main topic of this notice?

What d oes this article discuss?
What is this letter a bout?

Pu rpose: What is the purpose of the advertisement?

Why was th is memorandum written?

Step 1: Read the question to identify whether it is a n overview question

Questions which include topic, discuss, purpose, etc. are overview questions.

Step 2: Locate the main idea / purpose at the beginning of a reading passage
Find out the topic sentence showing the main idea or purpose of a reading passage. The
topic sentence usually appears at the beginning of a reading passage and contains infor­
mation to be developed later.

Step 3: Find out the correct a nswer

The correct answer is often the paraphrased topic sentence.

44 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 The question below refers to the following memo. Step 2: Locate
the topic
sentence
Dear Mr. Hirosi,

We might probably reschedule the meeting this Thursday about com­

pany all i ance. I was unexpectedly requested to attend ar:iother project
conference that I have been conducting with my colleagues . Would you
mind if our meeting would be held on Monday, because I would like to
spare time for the reports before the meeting? I really apologize for the
delay. I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Question :
What i s the('purpose)ot this memo? Step 1 : Read the q uestion to identify whether
"--<Purpose it is an overview question
(A) To assign tasks related to the meeting
(B) To change the meeting time ------- Step 3: Find out the correct answer, which
paraphrases the topic sentence

Analyzing: Step 1 : Read the question. From the word purpose, it can be inferred that the ques­
tion is about the main idea / purpose of the memo.

Step 2: The main idea / purpose is often discussed at the beginning; the topic sen­
tence is therefore stated at the beginning of the memo. The memo starts with
We might probably reschedule the meeting this Thursday about company
alliance ; later, it explains the reason in more detail.

Step 3: The topic sentence is We might probably reschedule the meeting this Thurs­
day about company alliance . So, choice (B) To change the meeting time is
the correct answer. Reschedule the meeti ng is paraphrased as change the
meeti ng time.

www .nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 45

 • - - .• &
I • : :,,_

. . ;-_�.,_ ,._ '·

.. . ' . '
. :· ' -�

-�...,�-c�� -''·' :,-�1..�1'- . ... - . r- ,_:_ •

P ractice para p h rasing the fol lowi ng sentences by choosing the

correct optio n .

0 1 The meeting was held a s scheduled.

= The meet i ng as arranged .
(A) took place (B) took action

02 The hote l ' s safety devices are inspected once a year.

safety checks are performed at the hote l .
(A) Add itional (B) Annual

03 People entering the contest can win a new car .

= The for the contest i s a new car.
(A) winner (B) prize

04 The pu rpose of this message is to notify you that we received the del ivery .
= The point o f this note is to recei pt of the shi pment.
(A) acknowledge (B) attempt

01 a rrange [0reind3l 03 contest [k6ntest]

take place win (win]
take action p rize [praiz]
02 device [diva.is] 04 purpose [pa: rpas]
i nspect [inspekt] notify [n6utafai]
perform [parf5 : rm] receipt [risi:t]
additional [adifanl ] shi pment 1./ipmant]
a n n ual [renjual] acknowledge [0kn6lid3]
attem pt [atempt]

46 - Hackers TOEIC Sta rt Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

05 It is illegal to transport more than four people in the taxi.
(A) The taxi is not big enough for more than fou r people.
(8) The maximum capacity for the taxi is four people.

06 While the roads are under repair, access to certain districts will be restricted.
(A) Once the roadwork has been completed , access will be given to some vehicles.
(8) Some areas will be tem porarily closed to vehicles until the repa irs have been completed .

07 Please bring this entire page to the bank when you apply for a loan.
(A) You must present th is whole page of information to req uest a loan a pplication.
(8) To apply for a loan, please submit a paper with your persona l information.

08 This seminar is designed to teach students interviewing skills.

(A) The semina r is focused on public spea king.
(8) The seminar is intended to i mprove the communication abilities of students .

05 i l legal [ili:gal) 07 apply [aplai)

transport [tramsp5:rt) loan Ooun]
maximum [mreksamam) present [prizent]
ca pacity [kapresati) appl ication (replikeifan]
06 under repa i r submit [sabmit]
access [rekses) 08 focus [f6ukas]
district [dfstrikt) public spea king
restrict [ristrikt) i ntend (intend)
complete [kamplf:t) com m u n ication [kamju:nakeifan]
tem pora rily [temparerali)

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readina - 47

 Question g refers to the fol lowi ng letter.

The Lansdowne Comm u n ity Center would l i ke to tha n k you for you r generous gift of
$1 ,000. As you req uested, you r donation will be used to create an after-school sports
program for teenagers. Together with citizens like you, we have been provi d i ng the neigh­
borhood with excel lent recreational programs for the past 25 years. Your sponsors h i p
enables us t o offer many services and helps ensure a bright futu re for o u r city.

09 Why was this letter written?

(A) To request donations for community programs
(B) To express gratitude to a donor for financial support
(C) To encourage sponsors to continue donating

Question 10 refers to the fol lowing advertisement.

The Conrad Regency H otel is seeking a fu l l-ti me chef to sta rt N ovember 1 . We wou ld l i ke
h i m or her to join the kitchen tea m at o u r new location in Hong Kong. App l icants m ust
h ave graduated from a licensed culinary i nstitute and have a strong background in Chi­
nese cuisine. A m i n i m u m of five years of experience i n the field is preferred. Applica nts
will also n eed to prepare several sample dishes for the final i nterview. Sa lary and benefits
are negotia ble.

1 0 What is the purpose of this advertisement?

(A) To advertise the opening of a new branch
(B) To recruit cooks from China
(C) To announce a job opening

09 generous [d3enaras] 1 O seek [si:k] benefit [benafit]

donation [douneifan] applicant [replikant] negoti a ble [nig6ujiabl]
neigh borhood [neibarhud] l icensed Oaisanst] open i n g [6upallll)]
sponsors h i p [sp6nsarflp] cu linary [kjti:laneri] recru it [rikrti:t]
enable [ineibl] institute [institju :t]
ensu re [infuar] m i n i mu m [minamam]
ex press [ikspres] field [fi:ld]
g ratitude [grretatju:d] preferred [prifa:rd]

48 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 .. l
"' � Question 11 refers to the followi ng memorandum.
Actual Questions

To: All staff

From: Brian Bean, Manager of the Human Resources Department
Subject: Regulations for leave of absence

I am pleased that we have fifty new employees this month. In light of this, it seems like a
good time to review the leave policy. Annual leave can be used for vacation or personal
reasons. Employees should request leave from their supervisor in advance. Employees
with fewer than three years of service receive seven days of ann ual leave. Staff with three
to fifteen years receive ten days. Employees who have served fifteen or more years get
thirteen days of annual leave.

If you need further information regarding this policy, please call me at extension 1 21 .
'- ·.· .

1 1 What is the memorandum mainly about?

(A) The hiring process
(B) The vacation policy
(C) The benefits package
(D) The new employees

Answers: p. 381

1 1 Human Resou rces department policy [p6lasi] rega rding [rig6 :rdiIJ]
regulation [regjuleifan] annual [mnjual] extension [ikstenJan]
leave Oi:v] supervisor [su:parvaizar] mainly [meinli]
leave of a bsence in advance h i ri n g [haiariIJJ
in l ight of service [sa:rvis] process [proses]
review [rivju:] serve [sa:rv] benefits package

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 49

50 www.nha ntriviet.com
 Day 2 Wee k 1

Grammar
[ Basic Gra m mar] Object, Com plement, and Mod ifier
0 1 Object
02 Com p lement
03 Mod ifier

Vocabulary
Verb Ph rases ( 1 )

Reading
I nformation Questions

www.nhantriviet.com 51
 [Basic Grammar]
Ob · ect, Complement, and Modifier

� Fun with Basic Grammar

What is a n object? What i s a complement? What is a modifier?

I l i ke teachers. We met our teacher on S u nday.

Object Modifier

She has become a teacher.

Complement

I n the sentence I like teachers, teachers is the In the sentence We met our teacher on
people that I like. The part of the sentence that Sunday, on Sunday mod ifies the whole
com pletes the verb is called an object. sentence We met our teacher. Without on
Sunday, the sentence We met our teacher
In the sentence She has become a teacher,
is sti l l meani ngfu l . The part of the sentence
the ph rase a teacher g ives i nformation a bout
that is not very important and mod ifies the
the su bject she. The pa rt of the sentence
whole sentence is called a modifier.
that cla rifies the su bject or object is called a
complement.

Where is an object?
An object follows its verb.
I / ru n / a company.
O bject

� (/
r! --= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 ==--= 0 =--= O ==--= O =--== O· � O =--=.. O =--= �

e of the fol lowi ng is the object?

Which
The manager/ announced/the result.
(A) ( B) (C )
�
�
0

�
� The object the result comes after the verb annou nced .
§:..==--=:- o -=--=:- o- .-=---== o=--=: o�
Answer: ( C )
-==---=•�•-==--== o -:=--=::..- o :::=-c:::. o ==--=:c o � o � ��
I
52 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com
 �·: .~ -o;;2 · w�ek 1 ·
.
II , , - 1

'
� ��- ... ,--...:. �..;,,. _ _ . - ... ___,

Where is a com plement?

There are two kinds of complement; each of them has a different position in a sentence. A
subject complement modifying the subject comes after the main verb, whereas an object comple­
ment modifying the object follows the object.

S he / �/ a secretary.
Verb Subject complement

The news / made/workers / happy.

Object Object complement

re \t (/ .....:- =--= o =--= -=--:- =--= 0 =--=- 0 -=--= O =--= O =--= 0 � 0 =--= O =--=:c 1
r
� Which of the fol l owing is the complement?

� His father � a pilot.

0 (A) (B) (C) 0
� q The subject complement comes after the verb is.
Answer: (C) �
� =-= � o =-= =-= o =-= o � � � • � � � o =-= o=-= � o �J

Where is a modifier?

Modifiers can stand at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence. A sentence
may have more than one modifier.
[These days] , / Mr. Smith / is / busy.
Modifier

We/ attended / th e workshop/ [last week] .

Modifier

[Of all the speakers], h e / is /the best/ (that I have seen] .

Modifier Modifier

re � � � � o =-= 0 � 6 � 0 � 0=-= o � o ==-= G ��

� Which of the following is the modifier?

ij
I
�
She met her co-worker at the seminar.
(A) (B) (C)
0
�

ij q Except for the subject she, the verb met and the object her co-worker, the rest of the sentence is the V
� modifier. Answer (C) �
§:.o
-=--c:::::: � -=---=- o � o =>-<= O � o =--== o � o =--= O ==--== o ==--== o ==-c= ,c, ==---==- --==---= '

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 53

 I usually do morning exercises because it is importa nt to be healthy .

. . ,�,t»
b
I n this sentence, morning exercises can function as a n object, whereas healthy
can not. I n the English language, not a l l pa rts of speech ca n come i n the object
position .

{I) Possible objects

A noun, pronoun, gerund (V- ing) , to-infin itive , and noun clause can function as the object of a
verb.

Noun: T h e company/ opened/ a bra nc h .

Object

Pronou n : Mr. Hopkins/ does n ot know/ her.

Object

Geru n d : I /fi n i shed / preparing m y presentatio n .

Object

To- i nfin itive: The manager/wa nts /to see the resu lts.
Object

N oun clause: H e / asked /that we u pdate o u r computers.

Object

{I) I ncorrect insta nces i n the object position

A verb and an adjective cannot be an object.

She /fou nd / a (te€ate, �) /for a new office.

Verb (X) Noun (0)

Mr. Clarkso n / praised / her (able,�) / as a n artist.

Adjective (X) Noun (0)

54 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Choose one correct o ption i n the parentheses.
IDlD
0 1 He reported the (problem , problematic) to the administrator.

02 We signed an (agree, agreement) with a foreign company.

03 Many young consumers prefer (to shop, shop) online.

04 The labor union demanded the (resign, resignation) of the president.

0 5 Mr. Kato considered (launching , launch) a campaign to promote a new PDA.

06 Flyaway Service g uarantees (del iver, delivery) i n three days.

07 Our team can design the according 09 The proper __ of equ i pment wil l prevent
to customers' requirements . injuries .
(A) produced (C) productive (A) util ization (C) utilize
(8) product (D) productively (8) util izing (D) utilized

08 A broadband connection otters the __ 1 0 Mr. Hornby did not notice any __
of immediate access to the I nternet. between the two brands of camera.
(A) advantagi ng (C) advantageous (A) difference (C) different
(8) advantageously ( D) advantage (8) differ ( D)differs

Answers: p. 381

01 report [rip5:rt] 06 guara ntee [greranti:] 09 proper [propar]

a d m i n i strator [administreitar) 07 according to equipment [ikwipmant]
02 foreign [f>:ran) requirement [rikwaiarmant) prevent [privent]
03 consumer [kansti:mar) 08 broa d band [br5:dbrend] i nj u ry [ind39ri)
04 labor u n ion connection [kanekf9n] 1 0 notice [n6utis]
demand [dimrend) i mmediate [imi:diat) brand [brrend)
05 consider [kansidar) access [rekses)
promote [pram6ut)

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 5 5

02 C omplement
�- 1-�•- ..lo _........_ _.. • • •

(f) Possi ble complements

A nou n , geru nd (V- ing) , to- i nfin itive , and noun clause can function as a complement. An adjec­
tive can also be a complement .

Noun: Kevi n / is / a n accou nta nt.

Subject complement

The board / appoi nted / M r. Wa l s h / executive.

Object complement

Geru n d : Her i nterest/was/ c utti ng prod uction costs .

Subject complement

To- i nfin itive : O u r g oa l / is/to expa nd o u r busi ness .

Subject complement

Noun clause: The problem / is /that I do n ot have time.

Subject complement

Adjective: The software / is / reliab le.

Subject complement

The g u est/fo u n d / our hote l / co mforta ble.

Object complement

ti) Incorrect insta nces in the complement position

A verb and an adverb cannot function as a complement.

The next ste p / was / a n (e>Eamine,�) / of the road condition .

Verb (X) Noun (0)

The rea l estate ma rket/ is / (eompetifr1ely,�) .

Adverb (X) Adjective (OJ

56 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the pa renthese s.
IDl!I
0 1 The new buildings are (spacious, spaciously) with high ceilings.

02 New LCD screens made the enterprise (popular, popularly) .

03 Airplane tickets are not (transferable, transfer) to other individuals.

04 We consider Ms. Elson a qualified (apply, applicant) .

05 It is (advise, advisable) to obtain a second opinion if you plan to invest.

06 Jack is a (manager, manage) in the computer business.

------ Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.

07 It was a great __ that you were not 09 Steven Williams was a market __ when
hired for the position. he worked for KM N , Inc.
(A) disappoint (C) disa ppoints (A) analyze (C) ana lyst
(B) disappointedly (D) disappointment (B) analyzes (D) analyzing

08 Researchers found the recycling system 1 0 State governments and local citizens are
__ in reducing garbage. __ in developing and financing educa­
(A) effect (C) effective tional programs.
(B) effects ( D) effectively (A) cooperative (C) cooperated
(B) cooperate (D) cooperatively

Answers : p. 381

01 ceiling [si:li.IJ] 05 obtain [abtein] 1 0 government [g,(varnmant]

02 enterprise [entarpraiz] opinion [apinjan] citizen [sitazan]
03 individual [lndavid3ual) invest [invest] finance [fainrens]
04 consider [kansidar] 07 position [pazifan]
qualified [kw6lafaid] 08 researcher [risa:rtfar]
recycling [ri:saiklirJ]
reduce [ridju:s]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 57

03 Mod ifier

Positions of modifiers
Mod ifiers can stand at the beginning, i n the middle, or at the end of a sentence.

At th e beg i n n i n g : [On S u ndays) , / 1 / g o / h i k i n g .

Modifier

I n the m i ddle: The m a n / [standing there) / is / my friend.

Modifier

At the end: We / visite d / a facto ry / [that makes clothes) .

Modifier

(I> How to identify the modifier

At fi rst, point out essential elements of a sentence , namely subject, verb, object / complement;
then the rest i s / are modifier(s) .
+ 0!1>! •: t ��l+H�ic:1�:�0!t-1--H�+H-O:C' H•+O-lcf:1:l❖·Hll>!,>!,o,/,;-l-❖·l-oici♦!-+Olc H-OW
• ••
I
J Identify ve rb: People should wear helmets while rid i n g bicycles.
Verb
l± Identify+ subject: People should wear helmets while riding bicycles.
l
_
lf. + Subject Verb i_f.

iJ
! Identify o bject / complement : People should wear helmets while rid i n g bicycles.
f + Su bject Verb Object

I The rest is modifier: People should wear helmets [wh ile riding bicycl es] .
Subject Verb
. !tO�H�t��t-HOiicto;,t-.!•·!�O•H·�-l-❖1-o<c:rit❖·lO!<,loi•·H�·•t•·l�O.,!-❖·l
Object Modifier
••

58 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Day 2 Week 1
Ill!'
> ' •

Put brackets ( [ ] ) a round. t h e modifier(s) i n t h e following sentences.

01 Despite the bad weather, the event is continuing.

02 Tenants cannot renovate their homes without the approval of the owner.

03 Because of a technical problem, we postponed the performance.

04 It was Mr. Downes who was involved in stealing funds.

05 Customers seeking refunds should present a receipt.

06 Economic experts met to analyze the impact of higher interest rates.

----- Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

07
08
PRESS CON FERENCE ON BARKLEY-MILLER MERGER

The Barkley Software Company will hold a press conference to announce its merger with
Miller Associates. Barkley Software has developed an innovative ___ to restructure
07 (A) strategic (C) strategize
(B) strategy (D) strategically

the two companies. It will be ___ because it will increase product output and
08 (A) beneficial (C) ben efited
(B) beneficia l ly (D) benefit

employee creativity.

Answers: p. 38 1

02 tenant [tenant] 05 seek [si:k] 07 press conference

renovate [renaveit] refu nd [ri:wid] 08 merger [ma:rd3ar]
approva l [apru :val] present [prizent] i nnovative [fnaveitiv]
03 postpone [pous tp6un] receipt [risi:t] restructure [rl:strAktJar]
performa nce [par5:rmans] 06 expert [ekspa:rt] output [autput]
04 be i nvolved i n analyze [renalaiz]
steal [sti:l] i m pact [imprekt]
fu nd [wid] i nterest rate

www n h ;mtriviPt.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readina -

 �- . LANGUAGE FOCUS
Although she a d m its to some­
ti mes watching her favorite real­ • ad mit to .
It. :

ity shows before atte n d i n g to her

'"' I relucta ntly admitted to being
nervous a bout the test.
homework, Mary o bjects to pro­
• attend to
crastination . She i nsists o n com­ ?He likes work th�t requ f r�s him to
pleting her assignments before · attend to a lot or deta i l. _

the assigned due dates. She c a res a b o u t her edu­ • object to

,,,I
cation and has c o n fessed to wanting good g rades. : ·Local residents objected (o the

Mary also believes in working hard because she

proposed developme?rit.

relies on grade-based scholarsh i ps for financial aid. • insist o n / u pon

She often argues about quiet time with her roommate

'· She. i nsists upon fresh fruit every
:morning . .
because her roommate listens to music loudly whi le
• care about
Mary is studying. But , Mary secretly g loats ove r her _No one se.e med to care about he·r
own success when her roommate worries a b o u t up­ feelings.

coming tests. • confess to

N ic k confessed to being a 'secret
opera fa n . ) 'J

• believe i n

I
She used t o say she didn't believe i n

I
: marriage, ')

• re ly on . ' ·
· This is an industry that �etles heavily
· on gov�rnment contracts.

• argue about I
, They are still a rguing about the
details of the contract.

i ·,
(,· • listen to
rlisten ca refu lly � the.instructions in '
the tesi roo m .

:: • g loat over
1
· He was there to gloat over ,their
'.: defeat.

· • wo rry about
, . .·. ' . I.
· : 1 1 companies a re following the rules, - ;
1 ;
they've got nothing to worry about. :-;'.�
��...:-,�: . /�,,.{l.:.•ll.ili� ; '�i·i "'-L'·.; ,· �:-� l��!L ,. _.._-� ..�A

60 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

01 Corporations should respond (to, on, at) clients' needs.

02 The staff should believe (in, on, to) the policy changes.
03 The marketing team is attending (for, to, about) advertising products.
04 Mr. Lee objected (over, at, to) the proposal.

----- Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

05 Mr. Stevens worried __ attending 06 Some companies insist __ staff

the annual conference alone. undergoing regular medical checks.
(A) to (C) upon (A) on (C) in
(B) a bout ( D) at (B) over (D) at

07
08
Let me take this opportunity to personally thank y9u for choosing our bank to attend
__ your account. I know a great amount of care goes into choosing a banker,
(C) at
(B) a bout (D) on
and your decision reaffirms my belief in our ways of banking.
We believe our depositors enjoy the personal contact they receive at each one of our

Be assured that the personal banking concept enjoys our greatest commitment. We
employ the latest technology in computers. However, we will never abandon our per­
sonal commitment to you, the customer, our greatest asset.
I hope you will believe __ our trust services, and feel free to use any of the many
08 (A) on (C) into
(B) in (D) a bout
services we have designed to make your banking experience as enjoyable and com­
prehensible as possible.

Answers: p. 381

0 1 corporation [ko:rpareifan] 05 a n n u a l conference a bandon [abrendan]

client [klaiant] 06 med ica l check comprehensible [komprihensabl]
need [ni:d] 07 reaffirm [ri:afa :rm]
02 policy [p6lasi] 08 comm itment [kamitmant]
03 advertise [redvartaiz]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 6 1

 I nformation Questions
-

¢ 8 � � 8 � 0 � � 8 8 8 8 8
•:•:- In Part 7, information questions beginning with What, Where, Who, When, Why, Which, -:-:-
•:,- and How ma i n ly focus on specific i nformation i n a reading passage. -::
8 � � 8 0 8 0 8 8 ¢ 8 0 � 8

Information questions begi nning with What, Where , Who, When, Why, Which, and How
ask about specific details in a reading passage. Here are some typical information questions.

What: What is scheduled for April?

Where: Where was the conference first held?
Who : Who will be the new marketing director?
Whe n : When will the training course take place?
Why: Why is Ms. Jones offered a discount?
Which: Which building was recently renovated?
How: H ow can tickets for the show be obtained?

Step 1 : Find out key word(s) i n the q u estion

Read the question and identify the key word(s) including the question word. For instance,
in the question What is scheduled for April?, April is the key word and What is the ques­
tion word.

Step 2: Locate key word(s) a n d h i nts for the an swer i n a read i ng passage
Look for the information in a reading passage that has been paraphrased or that exactly
states the key word(s) of the question . Hints for the correct answer can be found around
that part.

Step 3: Identify the correct a nswer that pa ra phrases or exactly states the hint
Choose the correct answer that paraphrases or exactly states the hint in the reading
passage.

62 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 The question below refers to the following memo.

To : All employees

As the company has severely been damaged by the spread of com­

puter viruses and hackers' attacking the server, the com pany has de­
cided to upgrade the protection system. All employees are requested to
install an anti-virus program which is readily available on the company's
website. Additionally, you are encouraged to change your computer
� every Monday. With an attempt to protect the data on your Step 2: Locate key
PC, we are looking forward to your cooperation. word(s)
and hi nts

Question: How often should a �be changed? - step 1: Find out key word(s) i n the
q uestion
� Key word
(A) Once a week (8) Twice a month - step 3: Choose the correct answer
that paraph rases or exactly
states the h i nt in the read­
ing passage

Analyzi ng: Step 1 : Read the question and identify the key word password together with the
question word H ow ofte n .

Step 2: I n the passage, the key word passwo rd is located i n line 6. Looki ng around
the key word, we can see the sentence you are encouraged to change your
computer password every Monday; thus, every M o n day is the hint that
helps you choose the correct answer.

Step 3: The answer choice (A) Once a week is the paraphrase of every M o nday;
then, (A) is the correct answer.

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 63

'tm,Mii,i,■@j'/ild Practice para p h rasing the fol l owing sentences by choosing the
correct option.

0 1 The manager has asked m e t o set u p the workshop.

= The manager wanted me to ___ the event.
(A) settle (8) o rga nize

02 The del ivery charges to the customer should be kept to a min imum.
= Delivery should be as _____ as possi ble for our customers .
(A) inexpensive (8) conven ient

03 The Fusion Cate's disti nct dishes have made the restaurant famous in town .
= The _____ menu at the restaurant is why it is so popular.
(A) main (8) unique

04 FIC Shipping des igned a new system to trace where all of its packages are.
= FIC Shipping developed a way to keep track of the ____ of its packages.
(A) l ocation (8) destination

01 set up fa mous [feimas]

settle [setl] popular [p6pjular]
organize [5:rganaiz] m a i n [mein]
02 delivery [dilivari] u n ique uu:ni:k]
charge [tfa:rd3] 04 trace [treis]
m i n i m u m [minamam] package [pi:ekid3]
convenient [kanvi:niant] keep track of
03 distinct [distirJkt] l ocation [loukeifan]
dish [diD destination [destaneifan]

64 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

0 5 Conference fees are due along with the registration.
(A) The regi stration fee must be paid before the sta rt of the conference .
( B ) Payment must b e made a t the time o f registration.

06 The concert is open to the public, and people will receive seats in the order they arrive.
(A) The seats of the concert will be assigned on a first-come, first-served basis.
(B) Advance reservations are required to arrange a seat for the concert.

07 At least one year of related experience is required for the position.

(A) Prior experience in a relevant field is necessary.
(B) Applicants who have a related educationa l background are preferred .

08 KitchenArt appliances have become popular because of their easy-to-grip handles.

(A) Customers find KitchenArt products convenient to hold.
(B) It i s easy to keep our customers because they l i ke our a ppliances.

05 fee [fi:] advance [advrens]

due [dju:] reservation [rezarveiJan]
along w ith a rra nge [areind3]
reg istration [red3istreifan] 07 related [rileitid]
at the time of prior [praiar]
06 public [piblik] relevant [relavant]
order [5:rdar] 08 appliance [aplaians]
assign [asain] easy-to-grip
on a fi rst-come, fi rst-served basis convenient [kanvi:niant]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 65

 � ·r �,� :· -
.. ! <. :

j ' • • •

..������'_!t..:.a...t•:..,r.•►il�4< u . _ • 1 _: ,. • • , l

Question g refers to the fol l owing annou nce ment.

Due to the growing n u m ber of participants i n the Independent Businesswomen's Confe r­

ence, the venue has been changed . In order to accommodate the l a rge gro u p of attend­
ees, we h ave moved the meeti ng from the Moon light H otel to the banquet room at the
Sunshine Coast Hotel. The price for this event remains the same, and includes a meal a n d
e nterta i nment following our guest speaker's ta lk. P lease n ote t h a t t h e event wil l stil l sta rt
at 9:30 a . m .

09 What h a s been modified about t h e event?

(A) The ticket price
(B) The time
(C) The location

Question 10 refers to the fol l owing notice.

Customers wi l l be given a refund if the prod uct is retu rned with the p rice tag sti l l attached
and the origi nal sales receipt with i n fourteen days of p u rchase. The refund will be made
in cash regardless of the in itial method of payment. Customers may be asked to provide
a n explanation as to why they were d issatisfied with their pu rchase. We may a lso req uest
· that customers fi l l out a short survey.

1 O How will refunds be made?

(A) I n cash
(B) In the initial payment method
(C) In store cred it

09 participant [pa:rtisapant) guest speaker method [me0ad]

venue [venju:] modify [m<'idafai] explanation [eksplaneifan)
accommodate [ak<'i madeit) 1 O refund [ri:fAnd) as to
attendee [atendi:) attach [atretD fi l l out
remain [rimein) regardless of survey [sa:rvei]
i nclude [inklti :d] i n itial [inifal]

66 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Questions 11-1 2 refer to the fol lowing letter.

1 1 How long is the special offer val id? 1 2 What goods does the company sell?
(A) Only on July 2 (A) Clothing
(B) A month (B) Vehicle
(C) Six weeks (C) Fu rn iture
(D) A year (D) Home applia nces

Answers: p. 381

1 1 val ued [vrelj u:d] place a n order listed [listid]

12 patronage [peitranid3l available [aveilabl] offer [5:far]
anniversary [renava:rsari] enclosed [inkl6uzd] valid [vrelid]
rewa rd [riw5:rd] contain [kantein] appliance [aplaians]
loyal customer energy-efficient

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 67

68 www.nha ntriviet.com
 Day 3 -Wee k 1

Grammar
[ Pa rt of Speec h ] Nouns
01 Positions o f Nouns
02 Countable Nouns and Uncounta b l e N o u ns
03 N u meric Expressions before Nouns

Vocabulary
Verb Phrases (2)

Reading
NOT / TRUE Questions

www.n hantriviet.com 69
 [ Part of Speech ] Nouns

� Fun with Basic Grammar

Types o f nouns

Noun Noun Noun

A noun is a word that refers to a person, a

thing, an animal, a place, a quality, or an
activity.

Forms of nouns

Words ending in such suffixes as - i o n , -sion , -tio n , -ness, -ance, -ence, - m e nt, -ity are
usually nouns.

production
willing�
differ�
ag ree�
secur�

r(: � fl -= 11=-= 0 =-= � =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0- =-= 0 =-= 0'j

Pick out the nouns in the fol lowi ng words .

�
( A ) Develop ment ( C ) Activity ( E ) I m portance 0
ij ( B ) Depressed ( D ) Suggest (F) Useless
ij
� � Nouns are mainly words with suffixes l i ke -ance, -ment, -ity.
Answer: ( A ) , ( C ) , ( E ) �
=-= =-= =-= O=-= =-= =-= =-= O =-= =-=O=-=O =-= =-= � =-= O =-= �

70 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www. n h a ntriviet.com

 Cou nta ble nouns a n d u ncou ntable nouns
Countable n o u n s refer t o people or th ings that can b e counted (for example, desk, h o u s e ,
tea c h e r) , whereas uncou ntable nouns refer t o people or things that cannot be cou nted (for
example, a i r , l ove) .

People or things in general desk, cup, teacher, fam i ly

Names of people or places that are unique Ko rea, New York, Tom
Shapeless things water, air, coffee, gold
Abstract concepts beauty, peace, love, hope

They/ a re / desig n e rs . Ms. Parker /comes fro m / Canada.

r ,C
Countable noun

\(. (/ --= � =--= � o -=--=

Which of the following is the uncountable noun?

Uncountable noun

=--= o � o =--= o � 0 =--= 0 -=--= 0 �

�
(A) Di rector (B) Water (C) Computer 0

� � Water is an u ncountable noun because water cannot be counted . Answer: (B) �

� =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= ==-= =-= =-= =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-c:= O =-= O =-: O =-= � =-= �

How to d istingu ish between singu l a r a n d p l u ra l cou nta ble nouns

When tal king about just o n e person, ani mal , place or th i n g , w e u s e singu lar countable nouns.
When talking about two or more people, animals, places or th ings, we have to make countable
nouns plural . Plural nouns usually end in -s . For example:

Singu lar: document Plural : documents

Special cases of plu ral nouns:

Nouns ending i n -ch , -s, -sh , -x Add -es bus - buses, dish - dishes
Nouns ending in a consonant Change -y to -i and city - citi es, factory - factories
+ -y add -es
Nouns ending in -f, -fe Change -f or -fe to -v half - halves, wife - wives
and add -es
I rregular nouns Change the spelling man - men, foot - feet

rt. \I. CJ --= �o� � o � -o =--== o � o =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 -=--= 0 � �

� Which of the following in the parentheses is the correct form of plural noun?
�
0 Most people prefer to live in big (citys /cities) .
� � With nouns ending in a consonant + -y, we change -y to -i, then add -es. Answer: cities �

www . n h a ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 7 1

01 P ositions of Nouns
• •I • .. �- •• I •

My favorite dessert is ice c rea m . It is because sweete n ma kes me feel better. . .

Desse rt is a noun; therefore, it ca n be the su bject of the sentence. Sweeten is
not a nou n, so it ca n not come i n the subject position.

(I Positions of nouns
Nouns can be subjects , objects, or complements of sentences.

S u bject : The locati o n / is/ ideal /for the office.

O bject: We / ha d / a d iscussion / about the n ews.

Com plement: Mr. Ma n n i ng / is / a journal ist.

Nouns basically follow articles, possess ives , or adjectives.

After an a rt i cle : Mr. Cooper / is / the h ost/ of today's semi nar.

Article

After a possessive : She/accepted / my advice.

Possessive

After an adjective : Our fi rm / u nderwent/ remarkable c h a nges.

Adjective

(I Pa rts of speech that ca nnot come in the positions of nouns

Verbs a n d adjectives can not come i n where nouns should be.

We/ g ot/a positive (respond,� /from c usto mers.

Verb (X) Noun (OJ
¢ A noun should follow the adjective positive and fu nctions as an object of the verb got. A verb cannot be put
in this position.

The (informati•,re,� / a bout this progra m / is/ helpfu l .

Adjective (X) Noun (0)
¢ An adjective cannot function as a subject and follow the article the. I nstead, a noun is needed. I n the ex­
ample, i nformation is the correct option .

72 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

umn
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 Our company strengthened (security, secure) by hiring more guards.

02 The (grow, growth) of the IT market was larger than expected.

03 Oil companies earned (profits, profitable) during the recent quarter.

04 It is an (advantage, advantageous) to have experience in a related field.

0 5 The supervisor will examine her (apply, application) .

06 The movie drew widespread (criticism, criticize) .

----- Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.

07 This is a __ of recent comments from 09 The book was released after it got final
our produ �t users. __ from the author.
(A) summarize (C) summarizes (A) approved (C) approve
(B) summary (D) summarized (B) approving (D) approval

08 Interviewees normally have a fear of --· 1 0 Once the __ of the parking lot is
(A) rejection (C) rejected completed, visitors will have no problem
(B) rejecting (D) to reject parking their cars.
(A) construction (C) constructive
(B) construct (D) constructing

Answers : p. 381

01 strengthen [strel)k0an] 04 related [rileitid] 09 release [rili:s]

hire [haiar] field [fi:ld] author [5:0ar]
02 IT ( = Information Technology) 05 examine [igza\min] 1 O parking lot
expect [ikspekt] 06 widespread [waidspred] complete [kampli:t]
03 ea rn [a:m] 07 comment [k6ment]
recent [ri :snt] 08 fea r [fiar]
quarter [kwo: rtar]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 73

02 C ountable Nouns and Uncountable Nouns
d ..-1.�r.,-.:_��/h.:��-'".l.. �---- •- L --.. '".t. 'll�J.. -l, _.....,_ ,,._ .,.,,,__,J .., _.__ -�- ----....�...��t....-�..U.-_ _ �- _ _ _ _

·· There are boys in the classroom . /There are sugars i n the coffee.

Boy is a cou ntable noun and can be used in the pl u ral form, whereas sugar is an u ncou nt-
able nou n and ca n not be used in the plural form. ..
In Engl ish, -s/ -es is added to a cou nta ble noun to form the plural form . An u n counta ble
noun does not have the plural form.

(f) Counta ble and uncounta ble nouns

Whe n used in a singu lar form , a countable n o u n is preceded by the art icle a / a n a n d - s / -es
can be added to it to form a plural nou n .

a /an + cou ntable nou n : Patrick/ bought/ (eamera,�) / recently.

Countable noun + -s /-es: (Doeument,�) / covered /the desk.

An uncou ntable noun is not preceded by the article a / a n and does not have the pl u ral form .

� + uncountable noun: We / need /to order / (a stationery�) .

Unco untable noun + � The compa n y / i nstalled / new (maehineries,�) .

Identifyi ng cou nta ble a n d u ncou ntable nouns

Some countable nouns may look l i ke uncountable nouns and vice versa.

Cou ntable Nouns U ncounta b l e Nouns

agreement representative access i nformation

d iscou nt result advice luggage
month standard baggage news
price statement equipment staff
refund workplace furniture stationery

B u l k p u rchases / a re eligible/for � d iscou nt.

Article Countable noun

The technicia n / repairs / broken eq uipment.

Uncountable noun

7 4 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Choose one correct o ption i n the parentheses.

0 1 Diana obtained (access , accesses) to classified files.

02 The supplier has many different models of (furnitures, furniture) .

03 Mr. Anderson has received some (advice, advices) from his co-workers.

04 Jennifer will stay in Hong Kong for (a month, month) to hire more engineers.

05 He complained to the airline officials about his lost (luggages, luggage) .

06 The partners failed to reach (an agreement, agreement) .

_....,___ Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

07 This article will discuss the __ of the new 09 If you have questions regarding your pur-
commercial law. chase, please provide our staff with the
(A) impl icates (C) impl icating relevant ___
(B) implicated (D) implications (A) informed (C) inform
(B) information (D) i nformations
08 The director has asked us to send monthly
__ to Ms. Shriver in the finance 1 0 __ of labor union met with management
department. to discuss the contract for the next year.
(A) statements (C) states (A) Represent (C) Representative
(B) statement (D) state (B) Representing (D) Representatives

Answers: p. 381

0 1 obtain [abtein] 06 partner [p6 :rtnar] 09 rega rding [rig6:rdiIJ]

classified [k.liesafaid] 07 article [6:rtikl] purchase [pa:rtfas]
02 supplier [saploiar] d i scuss [diskAs] relevant [relavant]
03 receive [risf:v] commercial [kama:rfal] 1 0 labor u n ion
co-worker [k6uwa:rkar] law D:i:] management [mrenid3mant]
04 engineer [end3iniar] 08 director [direktar]
05 complain [kamplein] fina nce [fainams]

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03 Numeric Ex p ressions before Nouns
:; �U � ♦..... •--""~'.!_- "
• • •• L ... � �- ..� L • & '+" , .. - 4., - .._____ -

If you read many books, you can gain much knowledge.

= ,....,..,
-� I n English, d ifferent n u meric expressions ca n come before cou nta ble a nd
��
� u ncou ntable nou ns.

(I} N u meric expressions before nouns

Below are some numeric expressions that can come before countable an d uncou ntable nouns.

N u meric expressions before N u meric expressions before

cou ntable nouns only u ncountable nouns only

each a few one of the much

every few both a little
another fewer a number of l ittle
many severa l a variety of less

There / were / (fRtlffi,� peo p l e / at the festiva l .

Countable noun

This copier/ causes/ (fewef,� tro uble/than the old one.

U ncountable noun

Cf) N u meric expressions before singu l a r and p l u ra l cou ntable nouns

Different numeric expressions can come before singu lar a n d plural cou ntable nouns.

N u m eric expressions before Numeric expressions before

singu l a r countable nouns pl u ral countable nouns

each many/a lot of one of the m ost

every a few both some
another few a number of all
several a variety of other

Factory workers / c hecked / each (+tems,�) .

Plural (X) Singular (0)

This m u s e u m / has / many (�.�) .

Singular (X) Plural (0)

76 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n ha ntriviet.com

 ._.
liJ!
'
Day � Week 1
: / . . .
l . .. ., _.,. , ...L.-,.-���.i.i!::,ui.,ulbtrt.:.ilil.:.!i........�-- .L�.•� .• _>,--�- �- - -�·- �_;_ , •., .

Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

mmD

0 1 The committee interviewed one of the (candidate, candidates) this morning.

0 2 (Several, Every) calculators were found to be defective.

03 (Another, Some) staff members will attend the seminar tomorrow.

04 The policy change caused (much, many) debate.

__.....,,___ Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.
05 Recent studies have found that there are 06 __ franchises comply with strict rules
a number of __ why customers prefer on structure and operations.
placing orders online. (A) Another (C) Most
(A) reasons (C) reasoning (8) Much (D) Little
(8) reason (D) reasoned

07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowing memorandu m .

08 From: Tom Klein, Training Manager
To : All employees

I would like to remind you about the trai ning program you are scheduled to take. You will
be asked to assess the trainer's __ at the end of the program and submit a report to
07 (A) performance (C) performed
(8) perform (D) performable

the department. Also, __ employees who have good attendance records will receive
08 (A) another (C) every
(8) all (D) each

Answers: p. 381

0 1 com mittee [kamiti) 06 comply with submit [sabmit]

02 defective [difektiv) strict [strik.t) attendance [atendans]
04 debate [dibeit) operation [opareifan) certificate [sartifikat)
05 prefer [prifa:r) 07 rem i nd [rim6ind] complete [kampli:t]
place an order 08 assess [ases)

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 Verb Phrases (2)

Six Ways to Enjoy Shopping

1 . Give u p the habits that may prevent you from enjoy­

ing shopping.

2. Ease your hunger while going shopping. You can try

various kinds of food at a supermarket or a shop-
ping center c o n s i st i n g of different sections.

3 . Go to the shops that p rovi d e customers with the

best seNices. The stores that offer free samples
can bring both shoppers and window-shoppers
great joy .

4. Take a d va ntage of the Internet to e q u i p yourself

with such information as the latest designs, the
most fashionable colors, etc.

5. Do not always listen to all advertisements because

they may a p p e a l to buyers.

6. C o n c e ntrate o n broadcasts at shopping centers.

You are i nformed of which shop/ store is offering
discounts or how many purchases you should
make in order to receive gifts.

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 Day 3 Week 1 ' '
lL
, · -· ..
1
_ ._ _ _ _ L � ..-•..-�....:a.....,,......._.__,_�{ _,L ,L _. � - £ - - ,._� _ __........:::...._·_ _ _, !_'A..�.11.:..!....l:.:J.1- l...,.':..o•·-- --�-.....,:, :_\ -"- -- ...

Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

01 The hotel consists (of, by, with) eighty-seven rooms.

02 The show's direct approach will appeal (to, of, on) children.

03 Please (provide, inform, equip) us of any changes in your circumstances.

04 The hotel (equips, compares, provides) g uests with a complimentary breakfast.

----- Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.

05 Car emissions __ for 40 percent of air 06 Mr. Keynes retired last year in order to
pollution. concentrate __ writing a book.
(A) accou nt (C) defeat (A) on (C) at
(B) take (D) care (B) for (D) in

-
07
08
Alliance Technology has announced today that it will cut prices on its new cell phones.
Although Alliance Technology equipped its cell phones __ features such as digital
07 (A) by (C) to
(8) on (D) with

cameras and M P3 players, the company was able to reduce production costs for its
products thanks to a new manufacturing process. By taking __ of this process, retail
08 (A) advantage (C) improvement
(B) benefit (D) usage

prices were significantly decreased.

Answers: p. 381

02 approach [apr6utj] 06 retire [ritaiar) thanks to

03 circumstance [sa:kamstrens) in o rder to manufactu ring process
04 complimentary [kamplamentari) 07 announce [anauns) retail price
05 emission [imifan) 08 feature [fi:tfar) significantly [signffikantli)
pollution [pahi :fan) reduce [ridju :s) decrease [dikri:s]
prod uction cost

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 NOT / TRUE Questions

. In Pa rt 7, NOT questions are those that require you to choose a n answer that is not stated,
.. not mentioned, or not true according to a reading passage. ..

TRU E questions ask you to choose an answer that is true, mentioned, or stated i n a reading
.. passage.

NOT /TRUE questions usually contain the words NOT / mentioned /stated /true /say / i ncluded.
Here are some typical N OT /TRUE questions.

NOT: What is N OT mentioned as a requirement for this job?

What is N OT incl uded in the tour package?

TR U E : What is stated about the Cox City Herald?

What is true about O' KIMs Restaurant?
What does the letter say about M r . Raymond?

Step 1 : Find out key word(s) in the question

Read the question . In case of NOT questions , words or phrases following NOT mentioned
(as) are the key words . I n case of TRU E questions , the key word(s) often follow(s) stated
or about.
For example , in the question What is NO T mentioned as a requirement for this job?,
requirement can be considered as the key word because it directly follows N OT men­
tio n ed as.

Step 2: Check each of the given a nswer choices based o n a read i ng passage
In a reading passage , find out a sentence that contains the key word(s) or paraphrased
key word(s) of the question . Then compare the information around that sentence with each
given answer choice . In case of NOT questions, leave out options that are true , mentioned,
or stated in a reading passage ; however, in case of TRUE questions , leave out options that
are not mentioned in a reading passage.

Step 3: Pick out the correct a nswe r that is similar to or n ot si m ila r to a read i ng passage
After comparing with the reading passage , choose the option that is relevant in mean ing to
the reading passage in case of TRU E questions ; otherwise, choose the irrelevant option in
case of NOT questions.

80 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

 Day 3 Week 1 �
,f[I

. ·- . . .. - '

The question below refers to the following advertisement.

Welcome to FiveStar Hotel. With a system of 500 comfortable and

fully-equipped first-class rooms, together with excellent service and
well-trained staff in our hotel, you can enjoy your stay with beauti­
ful scenery, unforgettable experience and the best comfort life can
offer. In addition, with our high-ranking restaurant and experienced Step 2: Com pare each
chefs, we will bring you the most delicious dishes from all corners given answer
of the world. Besides, a deluxe spa and fitness center will give you choice with
information
complete refreshment. Furthermore, we provide facilities, which are
in the read ing
suitable for all kinds of conferences, from the small meeting rooms to passage
the large assembly rooms for international conferences. We are now
offering a bonus mileage program in order to bring special benefits
to foreign customers and free shuttle buses at the ai rport every hour.

Question : What is N OT m e ntio n ed as a (lacilitv) in the F iveStar H otel?- Step 1 : Find out key
Key word � word(s) in the
question
(A) A restaurant (C) Free shuttle buses
(B) An internationa l meeting room (D) An indoor golf course - step 3: Choose the correct
answer that is not
mentioned in the
reading passage

Analyzing: Step 1 : Read the question and decide that this is a NOT question based on the word
N OT. The key word is facility following N OT mentioned as.
Step 2: Compare the information around the sentence containing the key word facil­
ity or paraphrased key word with each of the given answer choices. As (A) A
restaurant, (B) An international meeting room , and (C) Free shuttle buses
can be found in the reading passage, eliminate those answer choices.

Step 3: (D) An indoor golf course is NOT mentioned in the reading passage, so
(D) is the correct answer.

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 8 1

 � j - ...

l'..-:M��!!..L.•�,..... -•�� - .. .-., I • • • I

'i;.,IBJl,1,■AA®'i Practice pa ra p h rasing the fol l owing sentences by choos i ng the

correct option.

01 The machinery at our plant is too old for us to remain competitive.

= We have eq uipment com pared to other com panies .
(A) outdated (B) former

02 Yearly pay raises will be determined after the employee evaluations.

= Employees will be __ before receiving salary increases.
(A) interviewed (B) assessed

03 The hotel announced that it wi l l reopen its newly improved restaurant next month.
= The hotel will reopen its facil ity in the coming month.
(A) i nnovative (B) renovated

04 According to last month's report, the sales department reached its monthly sales target .
= The sales goal was last month.
(A) met (B) connected

01 remain [rimein] 02 raise [reiz] i n novative [inaveitiv]

com petitive [kampetativ] determ ine [dita:rmin] renovate [renaveit]
equipment [ikwipmant] eva luation [ivreljueifan] 04 according to
compare [kampear] assess [ases] ta rget [to : rgit]
outdated [autdeitid] 03 an nounce [anauns] meet [mi:t]
former [£5:rmar] facil ity [fasflati] connect [kanekt]

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05 Chi ldren under ten must be accompanied by a parent.
(A) Seven-yea r-old chi ld ren wil l not be cha rged adm ission .
(B) Seven-year-old children will be adm itted only if they are with an adult.

06 Only candidates who have been selected to be interviewed for the position will be contacted.
(A) Not a l l of the job applicants will be i nterviewed .
(B) Cand idates need to confirm the date and time of the interview.

07 The management has not found a suitable person to take over Mr. Watson's position.
(A) The replacement for Mr. Watson has not been a ppointed yet.
(B) The a p pointment of M r. Watson has not been confi rmed yet.

08 Room service delivered my breakfast late five times during my six-day stay.
(A) I did not receive most of my morn ing meals on ti me.
(B) I received the wrong order five times d u ri ng my stay.

05 be accompan ied by position [paziJan] appoint [ap5int]

charge [tJo:rd3l confirm [kanfa:rm] appointment [ap5intmant]
admission [admiJan] 07 suita ble [su:tabl] 08 on time
admit [admit] take over
06 candidate [ka'mdideit] replacement [ripleismant]
select [silekt]

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readina - 83

 Question g refers to the fol l owing i nformation.

In order to req uest a Royal Bank credit card, please fax the completed appl ication form
along with the fol lowing i n fo rmation: p roof of identity (such as a copy of you r d r iver's li­
cense, bi rth certificate, o r social sec u rity ca rd) and a recent bank statement. Confirmatio n
of you r a p p lication will be m a d e b y e-mai l withi n two business d ays afte r a l l the req u i red
, documents h ave been received .

09 What i s NOT required to apply for a credit card?

(A) A piece of identification
(B) A current financial statement
(C) Proof of employment

Question 10 refers to the fol l owing notice.

The Weldon U n iversity Libra ry is open to a l l mem bers of the u n iversity a n d is accessible
with a n active u n iversity identification card. Members of the local com m u nity may a lso
use the u niversity li brary system. For an a n n ua l fee of $49, residents a re al lowed to bor­
row l i bra ry materials when they present their photo I Ds. A charge of $ 1 per day wi l l be
' i mposed on late retu rns to a l l users.

1 0 What is stated about the l ibrary's policy?

(A) Use of the library is restricted to members of certa i n departments.
(B) People not connected to the university must pay for a membership.
(C) The l i brary is open on a l l public holidays.

09 complete [kampli:t] bank statement a l low [alau]

appl ication form confirmation [konfarmeifan] material [matiarial]
along with fi n a ncial [fainrenJal] impose [imp6uz]
proof [pru:f] employment [impl5imant] restrict [ristrikt]
identity [aidentati] 1 o accessi ble [aksesabl] con nect [kanekt]
license Oaisans] active [rektiv]
certificate [sartifikat] fee [fi:]

84 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com

 Questions 1 1 -1 2 refe r to the fo l l owing i nfo rmatio n .

r ,'.,

How to Choose a Web Host

What are some of the things you should look for when choosing a free web host? As a
renowned web-hosting provider , we would l ike to help you to find a web host suitable for
your needs.

First, if someone tries to access your site but fi nds that it is slow, he will simply go down
the list to find another site. Slow access is very frustrating for visitors. Try out the host you
are considering over a period of time to check its speed.

Second, most free web hosts put advertising on your website. Some hosts requi re you
to place a banner on your pages, and others display a window that pops up every ti me
your site opens. Some hosts add an advertising page, which takes up space on your site.
Whichever method is used, check to see if you are comfortable with the method . Please
send an e-mail to us at [email protected] if you need any further i nformation about
free web hostin g .

1 1 According t o the i nformation, what should 1 2 What is NOT mentioned as a way of web
be first considered when choosing a free advertising?
web host? (A) A banner
(A) The a mount of web space (B) A pop-up window
(B) The advertisi ng method (C) An advertisement page
(C) The access speed (D) An e-ma i l
(D) The security

Answers: p. 381

1 1 look for consider [kansidar] take u p

12 renowned [rinaund] period [piariad] method [me9ad]
suitable [su:tabl] require [rikwaia1·] further [fa:roarJ
access [rekses] place A on B a mount [amaunt)
sim ply [simpli) display [displei) security [sikju arati]
frustrating [fr.11.streitiIJ) pop up
try out add [red]

www.n h antriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readino - 85

86 www .nhantriviet.com
 Day 4 Wee k 1
Grammar
[ Pa rt of Speec h ] Pronou ns
01 Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, and Reflexive Pronouns
02 Demonstrative Pronouns
03 I ndefi n ite Pronouns
04 Ag reement between Pronouns and Nouns

Vocabulary
Noun Phrases

Reading
Inference Questions

www.nhantriviet.com 87
 [ Part of Speech] Pronou ns

� Fun with Basic Grammar

Types of pronouns
I like my uncle because he is knowledgea ble.
Pronoun (he = my uncle)

He is used to avoid the repetition of

my u ncle. Words used to replace
nouns or na mes i n order to avoid
� repetition a re called pronouns.

Personal pronouns
Personal pronouns refer to "grammatical persons " showing a specific person or thing by usi ng
words such as h e , h i m , s h e , her, y o u , etc. Personal pronouns vary in form depending on their
function in a sentence. Personal pronouns used as subjects are subjective pronouns ; personal
pronouns used as objects are objective pronouns.

we us
you you
you you
he him
she her
it it

r
they them

U P--= o =--= o =--= O =--= O=--=O=--=o=--= O =--= O =--= <t � o =--= 0 �°1

Identify the personal pronoun (s) in the following sentence .

�
! You should contact him for you r question.
� (A) (B) (C)
!
�

� c:::> Pe �sonal pronouns used as subjects are subjective pronou ns; personal pronouns used as objects are �
ft objective pronouns. Answer: ( A), (C) ft
�� o �o =-= o � o � o =-=o � o=-==o � o � o �o� o � o � �

88 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 ,1 . . Day 4 Week 1
�
,.,. , ·7 - \ . .•

�f�....!..___i_� ·- :_ -� .-J � - .._ • •

Possessive pronouns
Possess ive pronouns are used t o su bstitute a group o f words that are indicati ng a possession
relatio n .

Subjective pronoun Possessive pronou n

2■
m i ne This / i s / y o u r disk/and /that/ i s / m i n e .
you yours Possessive pronoun
he his
Theirs /w i l l be d e l ivere d / tomorrow.
she hers
Possessive pronoun
we ours
you yours
they theirs

r e � u - • � o � o � o � o � o �o � o � o � o � o �

Which of the following words fits the sentence?

1
0
� You can borrow my book as long as you remember that it's not
0
.
!
l ( A ) your ( 8) yours �
0
e? A possessive pronou n must stand in the place of your book. Answer: ( B )j
=--= 0, -=--= 0 ==--= -0 =--= 0 -=--= 0 =---= =--:=- 0 -==--== 0, =--=- 0 � ♦ -==--c= 0 =---=- =--==- -=--==::

Reflexive pronouns
W e use the reflexive pronouns t o indicate that t h e person who real izes t h e action o f t h e verb i s
t h e same person who receives the action.

I / cut/ m y hair/ myself.

you Reflexive pronoun
he
she herself We / defe n d e d / o u rselve s / b ri l l ia ntly.
it itself
Reflexive pronoun
we ourselves
you yourselves

r
they themselves

e � u - • � • � • � o � o �o � o �o � o - o � o � ,
Which of the following words fits the sentence?

ij John talks to when he is nervous.

0 O
ij

l
h ( A ) himself
0
(8) him
e? In this sentence himself refers to John.
==--=.. o =--= o -=-=--=- o -==--= o � =---==- o � o =--== o -==--= o ==--== o =--=- o =--c::::::: o �
Answer: ( A )
-=----=
j
0
h

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 89

 Demonstrative pronouns
A demonstrative pronoun refers t o or identifies a noun o r a pronoun. This / T hese refers t o (a)
thing(s) or person(s) that is / are near the speaker, whereas that / those refers to farther thing (s)
or person(s) . Besides, th i s /th ese and that/those are also used for referring to (a) thing(s) or
person(s) that has/ have already been mentioned.

this/these
that/those

This / i s / my desk. Those / are/ expen sive .

Demonstrative pronoun Demonstrative pronoun

r e \t CJ � Ct � � =--=
Which of the fol lowing words fits the sentence?
=--= O =--= O =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 � o =--=• � ,

V are my best friends.

V
0

l�
i (A) Th is ( B ) These

This refers to singular nou ns; these refers to plural nouns.

� o� � o -=---= o ==--=-- <t -=---=- o � o =--=- A � O =--=- O. ===--==- G ==--== o �
l
Answer: (B)J
�

I n defi n ite pronouns

Indefinite pronouns are those that are used when the speaker does not refer t o a particular
person or thing, for example somebody, someth i n g .

all each
both some

Both / a re / nice. H e / c hecked / each of the reports .

Indefinite pronoun Indefinite pronoun

� t. \t (I � o � =--= o =--= O =--= O =--= -==--== o � • =--=� =>-= o � o =-= °1

� Wh ich of the following in the parentheses is the correct choice?
�
o (Each / All) of the students are doing the fi nal exam. o
� � All is a plura l pronoun; that is the correct subject of the verb a re.
Answer: All �
� � o � � ==-== � =-= o =-= o � o � o =-= o =-= o �o � o � o =-= o =>-= d

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C1 1
Personal Pronou ns, Possessive Pronouns,
1
and Reflexive Pronouns

I l i ke you .
� I i s used as a subjective pronoun and you i s used a s an objective pronoun. Depending
on the functions i n a sentence (subjective/objective, possessive, reflexive}, pronouns
have a ppropriate forms.

(I) Positions of personal pronouns

A subjective pronoun comes in the position o f a subject , a n d a n objective pronoun comes in
the position of an object .

Subjective pron o u n : She/ opened / a new bank account.

Subject position

Objective pronou n : The host/showed / me/the living room .

Object position

(I> Possessive p ronouns

Possessive pronouns are used to replace possessive adjective + noun. Possessive pronouns
can function as subjects , objects, or complements.

My room / has/ one window. Hers / has/two.

Subject (= Her room)

The boss / disl i ked / her idea . He/ liked / mine.

Object (= my idea)

Th is food is -- theirs.
ours, not --
Complement (= our food) Complement (= their food)

(I) Reflexive pronouns

A reflexive pronoun is used as the object of a verb or of a preposition when t.h e subject and
object of the sentence refer to the same person.
A reflexive pronoun can immediately follow a noun / pronoun or come at the end of a clause in
order to emphasize the meaning of the previous noun, pronoun, or clause.

The expression by + refl exive p ro n o u n means a lone .

S u bject = O bject: Bob / i ntroduced / h i m self/to a new e m ployee.

Subject Object (= Bob)

Em phasis: We / o u rselves / m u st ta ke p recautions / ag a i n st fi re.

Subject Emphasizing the subject we

By + reflex ive p ronou n : I / spent/ the whole weekend / by myself.

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 9 1

mmn
Choose one co rrect optio n i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 (They, Their) are planning to go on vacation next Friday.

02 Mr. Ford was late for (him, his) physical examination.

03 We would like to read the book's reviews before we write (our, ours) .

04 Al ice assisted (us, our) in developing public speaking ski lls.

05 The employees dealt with the problem by (them, themselves) .

0 6 Nurses must check on (them, their) patients frequently.

----- Choose the correct optio n for ea ch of the fo l lowing sentences.

0 7 Companies should examine the environ­ 09 __ may order any necessary office
mental effects of __ activities. supplies from the catalog.
(A) they (C) themselves (A) You (C) Yours
(8) thei r (D) them (8) Your (D) Yourself

08 Writers have produced extraordinary work 1 0 At the meeting , the manager announced
in conditions more oppressive than --· that she would prepare the presentation by
(A) I (C) me
(8) my (D) mine (A) her (Cl she
(8) hers (D) herself

Answers : p. 381

01 plan to 06 patient [peiJant] oppressive [apresiv]

02 physical examination frequently [fri:kwantli] 09 order [5:rdar]
03 review [rivju:] 07 examine [igzremin] · necessa ry [nesaseri]
04 assist [asist] environmental [invai�ranmentl) office suppl ies
05 employee [impl5ii:] effect [ifekt) 1 o prepare [pripear]
deal with 08 extraordinary [ekstraodineri] presentation [pri:zenteiJan)

92 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

02 D emonstrative Pronouns
--�..
, - • - • - • ---· ' - ----='•• - - �

.a•. Today, the weather i n San Fra n cisco is better than the weather i n New York.

,J�.I,·'!ii!· In this exa m ple, the weather is used twice, and this ma kes the sentence sou nd
awkward . Prefera bly, a demonstrative pronoun should be used to avoid unneces­
�.
sa ry repetition.

(I) Demonstrative pronouns that/those

The demonstrative pronouns that and those are used to avoid the repetition of nouns in com­
parison structures. Use that if a noun is singular; otherwise , use those.

That:
--c -
Our price / is lower/than that of other shops.
'-------�►(= price)

Those : This week's reviews / a re better /than those of last week.

'-------- (= reviews)

Notes:
When this/these and that/those come before nouns, they function as demonstrative adjectives.
This and that are put before singular nouns . These and those are put before plural nouns.

This + sing u la r nou n : This CD player/is/ u nder warranty.

Singular noun

That + sing ular n o u n : That bridge /shows/ signs of wear.

Singular noun

These + p l ura l nou n : These clothes/are made of/ silk.

Plural noun

Those + p l ura l n o u n : Those watches / a re / well-desig ned items.

Plural noun

www.nh a ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 93

 Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.
m!D

0 1 (That, Those) analysts predicted slower economic growth.

02 There are twenty new articles on (this, these) list.

03 Dick's portfolio is better than (that, those) of Lisa's.

04 (Those, That) editor got an award last year.

05 These results are inconsistent with (that, those) of previous studies.

06 (These, This) revisions are important to the completion of the proposal .

Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.

07 HT's sports bags differ from __ of Star 09 Our line of designer clothing is more expen­
Track in price and quality. sive than __ of our competitors .
(A) those (C) this (A) this (C) that
(B) these (D) them (B) those (D) their

08 Our company implemented a program of 1 0 __ salesman sold her an additional

structural reforms, but __ plan was water purifier for two hundred dollars.
unsuccessful. (A) Those (C) These
(A) those (C) these (B) That (D) They
(B) they (D) this

Answers: p. 381

01 analyst [renalist] 06 revision [rivi3an] 09 competitor [kampetatar]

02 a rticle [ 6 :rtikl] completion [kamplf:fanJ 1 0 addition a l [adiJanl]
03 portfolio [po:rtf6 ulibu] 07 d iffer from water p u rifier
04 ed itor [edatar] 08 i m plement [implamant]
05 i nconsistent [Jnkansfstant] structural [striktJaral]
previous [pri:vias] reform [ri:f5:rm]

94 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

03 I ndefi n ite Pronou ns
I ._. - ••• - •
• • • .,J

� 0 8 � � � � 8 � � � 8 8 �

:, Some of you here have a l ready met o u r boss. •:.

::• Some is used to refer to an i ndefi nite n u m ber or a mou nt. -::
* * � * * * * * * * * * � *

{l) some /any

Both some and any are used to refer to an indefin ite n u mber or amou nt. Some and a ny can
be combined with -thing or -one/-body to refer to an indefinite object or person. Some is mai n ly
used in affi rmatives ; a ny is used in negatives and questions.

Affi rmative : The pri nter/ has / someth i ng wro n g .

Negat ive : I / have n ot read / a ny of these books.

@ the other/ another/ others/ the others

The other means the remaining out of the two mentio n ed .

one ( + singular noun) ----;---NJ •----:---the other ( + sing u l a r noun)

•

Joh n / bought/two s h i rts. / O n e / i s / black; /the other/ is / wh ite.

Another means one more among those mentioned . Others means some more among those
mentioned .
one ( + singular noun)

another ( + singular noun) others ( = other + plural noun)

The orga n izatio n / has / many supporters . / On e / i s / i n L A, / a nother/ is/ i n New York, / a n d /
others / are / i n Ch icago.

The othe rs means all the remai n i n g of the g rou p mentioned .

r
one ( + singular noun)

� the othe,s I - the othe, + p l " '' ' aoua)

another ( + singular noun)

Mr. S m ith / met/five clients. / O n e / is/ Japanese, / a n other / is / French, / a n d /the oth ers /are /
C h i n ese.

www.n h a ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 95

 Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

01 Some proposals got support from the board, but (the other, the others) did not.

02 There are three CVs of the applicants. One is here. Where are (the other, the others)?

03 Most English legal terms are difficult to translate into Vietnamese, but (any,
some) of them are
easy to translate into English.

04 One worker prefers morning meetings, while (other, another) favors afternoon sessions.

05 One report was excellent, but (the others, another) were unsatisfactory.

06 This is not the only answer to the question . There are (another, others) .

----- Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

07 The interviewer learned that Mr. Sherman 09 The IT department supports outsourcing,
had __ of the materials in advertising but __ oppose the idea.
and PR. (A) one (C) others
(A) either (C) any (B) another (D) the others
( B) some (D) another
1 0 The bankrupt Build Co. did not have __
08 As a result of building renovations, our of the management skills.
offices have been moved from one floor (A) another (C) any
to __ . (B) some (D) few
(A) one (C) another
(B) other (D) one another

Answers: 381

0 1 support [sapo:rt] 04 favor (feivar) 09 department [dip6:rtmantl

boa rd [b:i:rd] session [sefan] outsourci ng [auts5:rsi!J)
02 applicant [replikant] 05 u nsatisfactory [AI1sretisfrektari] oppose [ap6uz]
03 legal term 07 PR ( = Public Relations) 1 0 ban krupt [bre l)krApt]
translate {trrensleit] 08 as a result of management (mrenid3mant]
renovation (renaveifan)

96 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading ,rvww.nhantriviet.com

04 Agreeme nt between Pronouns and Nouns
� _ L=....�.IL a..Ji'�-�"IL..��.... -� ,ri..,�..
l...li,_)��__:. •• .,1,,.. • - :-_ L - .....,...___ • - • ..._I_. .u
: • ___
_'rly__ •....,. - ,; �- .l. •• -.. ' .,'

My younger brother is i nterested i n fi lms. He often goes to the c i nema.

My younger brother is a singula r noun, so the pronoun he is u sed to avoid the
repetition of my you nger brother.
A pronoun should ag ree with its preced ing noun i n terms of n u m ber and gender. ..

� Agreement between pronouns and nouns i n terms of n u m ber

If a noun is i n t h e singular form , its pronoun should b e i n t h e singu lar form ; if a n o u n is i n the
plural form , its pronoun should be i n the pl ural form .

Singu l a r Pronouns Pl u ra l Pronouns

he/ h i m / h is, she/ her/ hers, it/ its / it they /them /theirs
h imself, herself, itself themselves
th is, that these, those

The company/ held /a party. / (+hev,@)/celebrated/the 20th a n n iversary.

Singular noun Plural (X) Singular (0)

The e m ployees / pa rtici pated i n /the ti me m a n agement seminar. / (Soo,�) / wa nted / to

Plura l noun Singular (X) Plural (0)
use their ti m e / more efficiently at work.

Mark /fi n ished / h is repo rt /, but / (#ley, @)/did not s u b m it / it / yet.

Singular noun Plural (X) Singular (0)

Agreement between pronouns and nouns i n terms of gender

If a n o u n h a s t h e mascu l i ne gender, its pronoun should b e mascu line (he, h i m , his, h i mself) ; i f
a nou n i s feminine, i t s pronoun should b e feminine (she, h e r , h ers, herself) . Besides, if a n o u n is
neither male nor female, its pronoun should be it or itself.

M r. Hart /was i nvited /to the reception. / (@, She l / a rrive d / o n ti me.
Masculine Mascul ine (0) Fem inine (X)

Susa n / received /an award /from her boss. / (He,@) / gave/a speech of tha n ks.
Feminine Masculine (X) Feminine (0)

The corporation / p roved / itself/to be the best. / (He,@) / m et/the clients' demands.
Neutral Masculine (X) Neutral (0)

www.n h a ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 97

 Choose one corre ct o ption i n the pare nthe ses.
,. _

0 1 Ms. Peck is the department head. (She, He) is annou

ncing the new office procedures to the
team.

02 Many subscribers have renewed their magazine subscriptions. (He, They) have read this
magazine for years.
03 The writer received the comments, and (she, it) will reply to them.

04 Mr. Vega and Mr. Rios will speak to the client. c,Ne, They) want to meet his demands.

05 Mr. White worked so much overtime that 06 Company representatives spend the whole
__ asked management for a salary day answering phones and e-mails. __
increase. are always busy at work.
(A) it (C) she (A) It (C) We
(B) he (D) they (B) She (D) They

-
08
07
The selection committee recently interviewed a number of candidates for the senior ac­
countant position. Of those, we feel that Joseph Scott is the best. His accomplishments
at his former company stand out from __ of the other candidates. Joseph Scott is
07 (A) those (C) that
(B) this (D) these

not only skilled in financial analysis, but is also an excellent writer. This will be a great
asset for us. We understand that you want to have a chat with __ before we make a
08 (A) your (C) her
(B) him (D) ourselves
�
�cision. �lease let us know when it would be convenient for you to meet Mr. Scott.

Answers: p. 381

· 01 announce [anauns] 05 overtime [6uvartaim] accomplishment [ak6mplifmant]

procedure [prasi:d3ar] salary increase stand out
02 subscriber [sabskraibar] 07 selection committee analysis [amelasis]
renew [rir\ju:] 08 candidate [kiendideit] asset [reset]
03 reply [riplai] accountant [akauntant]
98 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com
, Noun Phrases
_ '--- t • -•.' _ l•,1 _ _ _ , , - _ -'--• _ • • • •�

CALL App li cations

� . LANGUAGE FOCUS
CALL i s short for Computer
• the use of computers
Assisted Language Learning ,
The use of computers is u niversal.
and it is related to the use of Computers are used in scientific and
c o m p uters for la nguage daily life applications.
tea c h i n g a n d lea r n i n g .
• la nguage teach ing and learn i ng
This book is about Language Teaching
Computer Assisted Lan­ and Lea rning which can be the basis
g uage Learning (CALL) is also the name of a n i nter­ for a career i n language teachi ng.
c o n t i n e n t a l j o u r n a l which leads the field in its ded­
• a n intercontinenta l journa l
ication to all matters associated with the use of com­ Computer Assisted Language Learn­
puters in language learning , teaching and testing . ing (CALLI is also the name of an
intercontinental journal.
In the following pages , a g e n e ra l pictu re of the
• a gene ral picture
changes that CALL brings with it will be presented.
A general pictu re of the changes will
First of all , the advantages and disadvantages inher­ be presented in this jou rnal.
ent in the use of CALL will be pointed out; later, t h e
• the tec h n ical re q u i rements
t e c h n i c a l req u i re m e n t s for the use o f CALL will be
The technical requirements for the
presented; thi rdly, a n a na lysi s of t h e i m plementa­ use of CALL will also be presented.
tion of CALL for the practice and improvement of the
• a n analysis of the
four language skills will be developed. And fin ally, dif­
im plementation
ferent resources available on the Internet for English An analysis of the implementation of
teaching and learning as a second language will be CALL for the practice and improve­
ment of the fou r language skills wi ll
enumerated. In the last section, some lines will be
be d eveloped.
devoted to the analysis of the e ffe ctiveness of c o m ­
p u t e r confere n c i n g in the field o f ESL. • the analysi s of the effectiveness
of com puter conferenci ng
The analysis of the effectiveness of
compu ter conferencing will be men­
tioned i n the coming seminar.

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 mma Choose one correct optio n in the pa renth eses.
01 A well-organized work environment will increase staff (intere
st, productivity, compl iance).
02 The baggage (weight, security, allowance) on international flights
is 20 kilograms.
03 Advances in computer (techno logy, concern, relation) are giving compan
ies a lot of
advantages.

04 The results of recent customer (concerns, allowances, surveys) show a high level of satisfac­
tion with our services.

05 Due to time -- , the executives were 06 Employees' __ records are included in

not able to interview all the applicants. the performance evaluation.
{A) obstacles (C) allowances (A) attendance {C) interest
(B) records (D) constraints (B) maximum ( D) retirement

O] � and 8 refer to the fol lowing e-mai l .

08
From: Margie Weston, Marketing Manager
To: Sarah Hal l , Human Resources Manager

Dear Ms. Hall,

It is my understanding that Ms. Lee has applied for the __ of Marketing Manager
07 (A) position (C) question
(B) request (D) reason
with your company. Ms. Lee has been working for our company's marketing __
08 (A) campaign (C) department
(B) management (D) sales
for two years and has shown a keen interest in sales. I have complete confidence in
Ms. Lee's ability to attract potential customers to Global Network.
�

01 well-organized 06 i nclude [inkhi:d] a b i l ity [abilati]

02 i nternational fmtarnreJa.-il) perfo rma nce eva luation attract [atrrekt)
03 tech nology [tekn6lad3i] 07 apply [aplai) potential [patenJal]
05 due to 08 keen [ki:n]
executive [igzekjutiv] complete [kampli:t)
i nterview [intarvju : ]
1 00 - Hackers T0EIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com
 . . - '.

I nferenb� '5Questi6n s
,_� ,.i.... ,,.,.... �.,. 1 '!.' •• J • ,
-��A'.5.• ._;.,.<ii-'���•��,..L.,,!.,.•.,.._1

* � � � - � � * � � m * � *
.:• In Part 7, inference questions about a reading passage ask you to draw a conclusion about -::
something which is not directly mentioned in the reading passage.
:·: ::: :·: :·: :·: ::: :·: :·: ::: ::: :·: ::: :· : ::·

Inference questions usually include words like suggest, most l i kely, i mply, proba bly. Here are
some typical inference questions.

Maki ng an inference from What does the article suggest?

the whole readi ng passage: For whom is this notice most likely i ntended?

Making a n inference from What is suggested about the Monte residents?

a specific detail: What does the e-mail imply about Tom my?
How will Eva probably respond to the memo?

Step 1 : Identify key word(s) in the question

Questions such as What does the article suggest? do not contain any key word(s) ; there­
fore, you need to make an inference from the whole reading passage.
In case an inference question requires you to draw a conclusion about (a) specific detail(s),
(a) key word(s) usually follow(s) the words suggested about, i mply a bout. For example,
in What is suggested about the Monte residents?, the key words of the question are the
M onte residents .

Step 2: Find h i nts for the answer choices

Hints to help choose the answer to an inference question related to the whole reading
passage can be found in the whole reading passage. With an inference question related
to a specific detail, locate part of the reading passage that contains the key word(s), then
find hints for the answer.

Step 3: Find the correct answer based on h i nts

Choose the correct answer based on the hints found in Step 2 . Inference should be based
on the details stated in the reading passage.

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 0 1

 The question below refers to the following advertisement.

Quick Papa Transportation Company is recruiting part-time staff

working from 9:00 a.m. to 6 : 00 p.m. every other Saturday. Since
work relates to data input for transportation documents, good Step 2: Find hints for the
computer skills are required. You will be paid 1 2 dollars per hour. answer choices
We are looking for applicants who can work for more than three
months. Bonuses will be given for extra hours. If you are interested
in the job, please contact us at 479-2 1 80.

Question : What is im plied about requirements for the job? ---- Step 1 : Identify key word(s)
in the q u estion

(A) Using computers at work (B) Transporting computers - step 3: Choose the
correct answer
based on h i nts

Analyzing: Step 1 : Read the question and identify this is an inference question based on the
word i m plied. The key word is req u irements .
Step 2: Find hints for the answer choices in the reading passage containing the key
word requirements. As stated in the reading passage, good computer skills
is the job requirement.

Step 3: Make an inference based on hints for the correct answer good com puter
skills. According to the reading passage, it can be inferred that (A) Using
computers at work is a requirement. Therefore, the correct answer is (A) .

1 02 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Practice para p h rasing the fol lowi ng sentences by choosing the
correct option .

0 1 The contract must be signed by both the tenant and the landlord.
= The building owner and the renter both need to sign the rental
(A) agreement (B) a l lowance

02 Candidates for sum mer internship must submit their applications by June 30.
= The application ___ for summer internship is June 30.
(A) deadline (B) acceptance

03 Sale prices are valid from this Friday until next Friday.
= The special discount offer is __ for one week.
(A) alternative (B) effective

04 Room service for a complimentary beverage is available until 1 0 p.m. at Bluesky Inn .
= The hotel provides beverages until 1 O p.m.
(A) fresh (B) free

0 1 contract [k6ntrrekt] 02 ca ndidate [krendideit] 03 valid [vrelid]

tenant [tenant] submit [sabmit] alternative [o:lta :rnativ]
landlord Orendl:i:rd] application [replikeiJan] effective [ifektivl
renter [rentar] dead line [dedlain] 04 com plimentary [komplamentari]
rental [rent!] acceptance [akseptans] available [aveilabl]
agreement [agri:mantJ
al lowance [alauans]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 03

 05 Workers must wear clothes that are suitable for the laboratory.
(A) Appropriate attire must be worn i n the laboratory.
(B) People a re asked to wea r comfortable clothes i n the laboratory.

06 Successful applicants should speak a minimum of three languages.

(A) Candidates who speak th ree languages will succeed in the compa ny.
(B) Candidates with fluency in a va riety of languages will be hired.

07 Emporio's furniture is handcrafted and can be tailored to suit any office.

(A) Em porio specializes in customized fu rn ish i ngs.
(B) Emporio's specialty is designi ng and decorating offices .

08 Jan Pal's latest film is better than his previous works from a technical perspective.
(A) Jan Pal's newest movie is more technically accom plished .
(B) Jan Pal 's most recent release uses more com plex tech nology.

05 su itable [su :tabl] 07 handcrafted [hrendk:rreftid] release [rili:s)

laboratory Orebrat:i:ri] ta i l o r [teilar] complex [k6mpleks]
appropriate [apr6upriat] suit [su:t]
attire [ataiar] customize [k.Astama:iz]
06 successful [saksesfal] OB latest Oeitist]
succeed [saksi:d] previous [pri:vias]
fluency [flu :ansi] perspective [parspektiv)
a variety of accomplished [ak6mplift)

1 04 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com

 Question g refers to the fol lowi ng i nformation .
IDID

The re is a n i nety-day wa rranty o n a l l of our telephones. If there is a defect with a ny of

our products, you can receive a free replacement as long as you h ave the origin a l recei pt.
However, machines d a maged by i m proper use, such as i ncorrect insta l lation or water
damage, a re not covered by this guara ntee. To req uest a replacement, you m u st fi rst
e-mail us at the add ress listed below. Once we have received the e-ma i l a n d the d efective
prod uct, we wi l l send you a rep lacement at no charge.

09 For whom is this information most likely intended?

(A) Employees of the manufactu rer
(B) Telephone techn icians
(C) Purchasers of phones

Question 10 refers to the fol lowing memora n d u m .

I truly a ppreciate you r ta king my p lace a t t h e conference i n Las Vegas. I have partici pated
in the conference in the past a n d fou nd the contacts I made to be professiona l ly reward­
i ng. All the travel a rrangements are prepared for you, i ncluding accommodations. You r
flight, car renta l, a n d hotel have a l l been paid for i n advance. If you have any extra busi-
• n ess expenses, please keep the recei pts. You wi l l be rei m b u rsed.

1 o What does the memo i mply about the conference?

(A) It is a good place to form business relationships.
(B) It wi l l be held for the fi rst ti me.
(C) It requ i res paying a registration fee .

0 9 wa rra nty [w5:ranti) guarantee [greranti:] rewa rding [riw5:rdiIJ)

defect [difekt) defective [difektiv) accommodations [akomadeifanz]
replacement [ripleismant) at no charge in advance
damage [dremid3) intend [intend] expense [ikspens]
improper [impr6par] man ufacturer [mrenj ufrektferar] reimburse [ri:imba : rs]
installation [instaleifan] 1 o appreciate [apri:jieit] imply [implail
cover [kA var] participate. [po:rtisapeit] registration [red3istreifan]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 05

 Twenty-year Outstanding Service Award

The Missouri Literature Education Association (MLEA) is now accepting nominations for
its Twenty-year Outstanding Service Award. Each year, this award is granted to educators
who have devoted twenty years of their lives to teachi ng. Nominees must have a minimum
of twenty years of experience teaching literature to qualify for the award. They should also
be a current member of MLEA.

Members may nominate instructors who meet the requirements . In order to be considered,
the awards chairperson must receive your completed Outstanding Service Award form by
August 1 . The awards chairperson will announce the winner on October 1 . The awards will
be presented to award recipients at the annual MLEA winter conference on December 1 5.

1 1 For whom is the notice most likely intended? 1 2 What is implied in the notice?
(A) Literature students in Missou ri (A) The association was fou nded twenty
(B) The awards chairperson years ago.
(C) Members of the association (B) The chairperson is selected by teachers.
(D) The Missouri education board (C) The association runs on membership
fees.
(D) The award has been presented in
earlier years.

Answers: p. 381

1 1 outstanding [autsta'indii.J] devote [div6ut] consider [kansidar]

1-2 award [aw5:rd] nominee [nomani:] present [prizent]
association [asousieiJan) minimum [minamam] recipient [risipiant]
accept [aksept] qualify [kwalafai] found [faund]
nomination [nomaneifan] current [ka:rant] run [rAD.]
g rant [gramt] instructor [instdktar]
educator [ed3ukeitar] requirement (rikwaiarmant]

1 06 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 0
Day 5 Wee k 1
Grammar
[ Part of Speech] Adj ectives and Adverbs
01 Adjectives
02 Adverbs
03 Confu s i n g Adjectives a n d Adverbs

Vocabulary
Col l ocations

Reading
Synonym Questions

www.nhantriviet.com 1 07
 [Part of Speech] Adjectives
and Adverbs

� Fun with Basic Grammar

What is a n adjective? What is an adverb?

t
The car is luxurious. A luxurious car The panther runs vJry q u i<!'k ly.
Adje�
t •b�
Adjective
I
The word luxurious in the In the exa mple above, the
examples above is used to word quickly is used to �:.:..,<;=--i' .,,
describe the noun car. describe the verb run. The
word very modifies the word quickly.
The part of speech that describes or explains
the shapes, qualities or states of a noun is The part of speech that adds more details
• called an adjective. to an adjective, a verb, an adverb, or a whole
sentence is called an adverb.

In English, adjectives can come before and modify nouns, for example A luxurious car; or
follow linking verbs to clarify the shapes, qualities or states of the subject of a sentence, for
example The car is luxurious.

t
r
A nice car The car/ is/nice.
Adjeftivet Adjeftive

e it t "' c, -= o =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= 0=-= ,o =-= o =-= o =-=
Which of the following words fits the sentences? 1

ij
l
o It is a ___ investment.
The factory is ___.
(A) profit (B) profitable �
0
ij q An adjective can come before and modify a noun. It can also follow a linking verb to clarify the state of ij
� the subject of a sentence. Answer: (B) �
lo =-= �o =-= o = - = o=-= o =--=O =--= O =-= o =-<=0 =-= ♦ -=-= 0 =-= 0 =-= o=-= d

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 Day 5 Week 1
l ._ , L, ,• •, � •

Forms of a djectives

Words ending in -able, -ive , -ous, -ic, -y are usually adjectives.

-able changeable
-ive protective
·OUS advantage�
-ic realist.1£
·Y wea lthy

r(. E � (I -«= O =-= O =-= O =--= O =--= O =-= 0 =-= 0 =--==-«> =--= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-=

Which of the following is the adjective?

1

0 ( A) Dangerous ( B) Danger 9

� ¢ Words ending in -ous are usually adjectives. Answer: ( A ) �

� =-= 0 =--= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =--= 0 =-= 0 =- = 0 =--= =-= 0 =-= �

Forms of adverbs

Most adverbs are formed by add ing the suffix -ly to their adjectives.

easy easijy
quick quickjy

�C c � u � o =-= o =-= o =--= o =-=o =-= o =-= o =-= o =- = o =-= o =-:c o =-=
1
� Which of the following is the adverb?
o (A) Accurate ( B ) Accu rately o
� ¢ Words ending in -ly are generally adverbs.
Answer: ( B ) �
� =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =--= �

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01 A dject ives. · ·
•- . , _•• --• ...�•� �.wi'.J�M,"'..._:...�,._l� .:l:°1.,1---ll.t,..��
- · -·
��f,.:, !_(:,a•�• ,..__i....._�_,_,J.,i;_.,LJ,I,.:':°.� --�!:�J..--1._��
1
...:,_{, .:..
1
;,
-:
:

(I) Positions of adjectives

An adjective can come before a noun or come in the position of a complement.

Before n o u n : We/ received /helpfu l advice/from h i m .

Noun

Com pleme nt: The receptionist/is/very kind .

+ =i-
Complement

Pa rts of speech that ca n not come in the pos itions of a djectives

Verbs and adverbs cannot come in the positions of adjectives.

St cy/ is / (popularly, T) / in our division.

+
Adverb (X) Adjective (0)

Mr. Robinson/ gave/ an (tAfefm, mformativ lectu re.

Verb (X) Adjective (0) Noun

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:
l_i:. '.._ �..l..:_.__! .
'

..1.LL: j..__.�:�c.._���.....J.!.u,;__..L �� ---__:_ ,,____,, �

Day 5 Week 1
•-_.,��\.....a',_r_,� ~�•� �--'-�
..,
mmn
Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

0 1 Consumers offer (construct, constructive) advice on our new product li nes.

02 (Success, Successful) candidates require excellent communication skills.

03 The service at the automobile repair center is (quick, quickly) .

04 The applicants were provided with (specific, specify) guidelines on what to submit.

05 The Pinesvil le Resort is the (ideal , ideally) place to spend a holiday .

06 Susan is not (surely, sure) if she will accept the position .

Choose t h e correct option for each o f t h e fol l owing sentences.

07 Ms. Bell is an especially __ employee 0 9 All the visitors to the power plant must
at Ewing, Inc. wear __ clothing provided when
(A) va lue (C) va lua bly entering the laboratory.
( B) va lues (D) valuable (A) protect (C) protective
(B) protection (D) p rotecting
08 Depositors should bring the __ identifi ­
cation t o complete a transaction. 1 0 The new R&D head was highly __ of
(A) necessity (C) necessitate our procedures for col lecting data .
(B) necessari ly (D) necessary (A) critical (C) criticize
(B) critically (D) criticizes

Answers : p. 382

01 consumer [kansu :mar) 08 depositor [dip6zitar)

advice [advais) identification [aidentafikeifan)
02 req uire [rikwaiar) tra nsaction [trrenzrekfan]
communication [kamju :nakeifan] 09 plant [plrent]
03 repair center laboratory Orebrat:i:ri)
04 gu ideline [gaidlain] 1 0 R&D ( = Resea rch and Development)
06 accept [aksept] highly [haili]
position [pazifan) procedure [prasf:d3ar)
07 especially [ispefali]

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02 Adverbs

It ra ins heavily.

In this sentence, the word heavi ly mod ifies the verb ra in . The words that modify
verbs a re usual ly adverbs.

Cl} Positions of adverbs

An adverb can come before an adjective, an adverb, or a verb. When modifying a verb, an
adverb can come before or after the verb. Besides, an adverb can come at the beginning of a
sentence to modify a whole sentence.

Before adjective : It/ is/a hig hly innovative design.

Adjective
Before adverb : Ch ris / behaved/ extremely badly.

Adverb
Before verb : He/ accurately/entered / all the data .
I f
Verb
After verb : Time /went/ quickly.

Verb
A t the beg i n n i ng o f
a sentence : Reg rettably, / we / do not have/the item .

Sentence

ti) Parts of speech that ca nnot come in the positions of adverbs

Adjectives, nouns and verbs cannot come in the positions of adverbs.

surprised / at the news.

Adjective (X) Adverb (0) Adjective

(Oooasion, ccasionall , / we/fail/to perform /some tasks.

Noun (X) Adverb (0} Sentence

Brian/ ca ed/ (repeat,€e te�)/ until he got a reply,

i �
Verb Verb (X) Adverb (0)

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 '
IITII
Day 5 Week 1
� --· ,

mmn
Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

0 1 Ms. Byrd (usually, usual) makes coffee when she arrives at the office.

02 The president (final, finally) decided to close down the old branch.

03 The parcel was sent (mistake, mistakenly) to the wrong address.

04 The unemployment rate has been decreasing (relative, relatively) slowly.

05 Please make sure that the invitation is addressed (correctly, correct) before mailing it.

06 The executive director travels (regularly, regular) for business.

Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.

07 Mr. Gifford said the network system will be 09 Consumer opinion is becoming an __
__ operationa l by January. essential factor in project planning .
(A) completion (C) completing (A) i ncrease (C) increasing
(B) complete (D) completely (B) i ncreases (D) i ncreas ingly

08 All supervisors in the company agreed that 1 O We __ inform our subscribers that
Mr. Yoshio works __ . Kolins Press will stop publishing this
(A) conscientiously month.
(B) conscientious (A) regrettable
(C) conscientiousness (B) regretfully
(D) conscience (C) regret
(D) regrets

Answers: p. 382

01 arrive [araiv] 05 invitation [lnvateifan] 09 opinion [apinjan]

02 close down address [ad.res] essential [isenfal]
branch [brrentj] 06 executive d irector factor [frektar]
03 parcel [p6 :rsal] 07 operational [apareifanal] 1 0 subscriber [sabskraibar]
04 unemployment [lnimpl5imant] 08 supervisor [su:parvaizar] publish [pAblif]

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03 Conf using Adje ctives a nd Adve rbs
---- ..il.-.......1,.�� \...!�ii.M:..\':��� ----E>.L--.,
�• •�_j-�� •.L.1,:-.... ....:.�.· ,..........:...i:.�_
..,- - �- --' �-- -

{I) confusing adjectives

Beware of and identify adjectives that are quite d ifferent in mean i n g .

argumentative arguable profitable - proficient

considerable - considerate prospective - prospero u s
d isti n g uished - distingu ishable reliable - reliant
economic economical responsible - responsive
favorite favorable successful - successive

He/ has/a (considerate,�) amou nt of money.

¢ Considerate means thinking carefully, whereas considerable mea ns large in size or amount.

Judy/ has /a (sueeessive, �} ca reer/ i n jou rna l is m .

¢ Successive mea ns happening one after another in a series, whereas successful means achieving the
result that you want.

(I} Confusing adverbs

Beware of and identify adverbs that are qu ite d ifferent i n mean i n g .

close - closely late - lately

hard - hardly most - mostly
high - highly near - nearly

The tea m / worked / (�,� / to fi n ish the project.

¢ Hardly mea ns almost not, whereas hard means using a lot of effort.

The restau ra nts/ stay open / (�,� -

¢ Lately means recently or not long ago, whereas late means not early.

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� Choose one correct option in the pa rentheses.
IDB
0 1 The election was (close, closely) observed by the media.

02 The travel agency offers (reliant, reliable) service.

03 (Near, Nearly) 70% of companies say that their business operations are profitable.

04 The pilot is (responsible, responsive) for the safety of the passengers.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

05 The attached file is a list of __ profes­ 06 Another branch could have been estab­
sors who will speak at the seminar. lished under more __ conditions.
(A) d istinguish (C) distinguishably (A) favorable (C) favorably
(B) d istinguished ( D) distinguishable (B) favorite (D) favor

,,-,.,,.._:,v-,,,,,-,,;""';,,_..,_-.r,-:.....,""""'�""<',V'"u,,<>"'C',"V,'-G"'\r.��,,,..,.��,....""""

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowing advertisement.

If you are not sure of how to manage your savings, contact Investment Associates. In­
vestment Associates is a small group of __ advisors that assist people in making
07 (A) financially (C) financing
(B) financial (D) finances

the right decisions about their money. We can give you information on what investment
strategies can most help you. The best time to begin setting investment goals is while
you are in your twenties. It is __ recommended that you sit down with one of our
08 (A) high (C) highly
(B) height (D) higher

advisors to determine which plans are suitable for your age group.

Answers: p . 382

01 ele ction [ilekfan) 05 attached [atretft) investment [investmant)

observe [abza :rv] 06 bra nch [brrentj] advisor [advaizar]
02 travel agency establ ish [istreblij] assist [asist]
03 operation [opareifan] condition [kandifan] strategy [strretad3i)
profita ble [profitabl] 07 manage [mrenid3] determ ine [dita:rmin]
04 passenger [presand3ar) 08 savings [seivUJz] suitable [su:tabl]

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 Collocations

Any Advice for a Job App licant?

After graduating from university, I applied to an

extre m e ly s u ccessf u l company which g e n e rates
fu n d s for the staff's welfare. I was c a u t i o u sly o p t i ­
m i st i c about the chance to work for this company;
however, there were so many highly q u a lified and
p ro s pective e m ploye e s .

As I was so excited to be accepted that I con­

stantly told the interviewer that I would be ready to
wo rk extended hou rs , pay no attention to ea rly re­
tirement , and devote myself to the company. How­
ever, I immediately recognized, in his despising eyes,
that I had n othing but an obese body.

What should I do to succeed in a job i nt e rvi ew?

Therefore, what I mean

is . . . if I were offered the
job, I would do anything . . .
for example . . .

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 · Day 5 Week 1 ''
_,_ J .!a_----9..... ••.!.-� :... .-_1;.1 •....... • .. �1-. ·" . :__ ·· - - . ......... - -

.. .
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses .

0 1 Companies sell stocks to (combine, renovate, generate) funds.

02 (Probable, Prospective, Protective) employees need to possess basic typing skills .

03 Both candidates were considered (innocently, highly, agreeably) qualified for the position.

04 Employees will sometimes be expected to work (previous , positive, extended) hours .

tfftml•AAtt.fitl
� Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

0 5 The CEO is __ optimistic that revenues 06 The chairman made a public announcement
will be higher than expected this fiscal year. that he was taking __ retirement.
(A) carelessly (C) cautiously (A) previous (C) successful
(B) conveniently (D) directly (B) early ( D) ready

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowi ng memorandum.
From: Sam Parker, Regional Manager
To: Sales staff

First, I would like to thank all the members of the sales team for their hard work. The
sales figures show that your efforts have been __ successful. I was concerned that
07 (A) extremely (C) eventually
(B) exactly (D) extensively
recent layoffs might not increase productivity in the __ future, but the remaining staff
08 (A) possible (C) foreseeable
(8) advisable (D) suitable
worked m uch harder. If you continue to do as well as last quarter, management will
compensate you for your dedication and hard work. So keep up the great work !

Answers: p. 382

0 1 stock [stok) 05 revenue (revanju :) layoff Oei:>fl

02 possess [pazes) fiscal year productivity [proudAk.tivati)
03 consider [kansidar] 06 announcement [anaunsmant) compensate [k6mpanseit]
position [paziJan) 07 figure [figjar) dedication [dedakeiJan]
08 recent [ri:snt)

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 Syno nym Ques tions
. . '

::: ::: :.: ::: :,. :.: :1: !;. ::. :;. :;: :.: ::: ·::

-:·• I n Pa rt 7, synonym q uestions ask you to choose the a nswer wh ich is synonymous with or -:·
similar in meaning to the one used i n a read i n g passage.
- � 8 ru 8 * 8 n 8 n * n n •·

Here is a typical synonym question The word ... is closest i n mea n i n g to.

Exam p le: The word "d rew" in paragraph 1 , line 4 is closest i n m ea n i n g to

Step 1 : Read the q uestion, then i dentify the word and its location in a rea d i ng passag e
Read the question , then identify the word and locate it in a passage. For example , with the
question The word "drew" in paragraph 1, line 4 is closest in meaning to , we can locate
the word "drew" in line 4 of paragraph 1 in the read ing p assage.

Ste p 2: Identify the mea n i n g of the word i n context

Read the sentence containing the word carefu lly in order to understand its mean ing in
context.

Step 3: Choose the synonym

Choose the answer that is closest in mean ing to the word in the q uestio n . Sy nonyms that
do not fit the context are often used as distractors ; therefore, the answer should be both
simi lar in mean ing to the i ntended word and appropriate in the context .

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 The question below refers to the fol lowing letter.

Dear Ms. Ralph,

I wou ld l ike to congratulate on the grand open ing of your company

last September. On November 3, under the sponsor of Trad ing As­
sociation, the 23 rd annual session of the Trading Association will
be held at the Crown Hotel. As this is the biggest annual event
of business community, many business leaders wi l l attend , for ex­
ample, last year there were more than 3 , 000 people from all over
the country present at the meeting . If you are interested in this an­
nual session, please register as soon as possible in order to im­
prove your status and make chances to lengthen your�in Step 2: Identify the
the business world . Detai led i nformation about the annual session mea n i ng of the
is available on the Trading Association website. word in context

Question : The word 'footsteps' i n line 9 is closest in meaning to - step 1 : Identify the word
Key word and its location
(A) methods (B) range of activities --------- Step 3: Choose the
synonym

Ana lyzi ng: Step 1 : Identify the question type based on the phrase The word . . . c losest in
mea n i n g to , and the key word footsteps. The target word footsteps can be
found in l ine 9 of the reading passage.

Step 2: Read the sentence that contains the word and try to figure out the meaning .
The phrase . . . make cha nces to lengthen your footsteps i n the business
wo rld means make chances to be known and expand the company 's
range of activities . Therefore, footsteps refers to ra n g e of activities.

Step 3: Choose the correct answer (8) .

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 ·. . , • , · • · Practice pa ra p h rasing the fol l owing sentences by choosing the
correct option.

0 1 The study was interrupted because of a lack of money.

= The research was put on hold due to a shortage of _____
(A) wealth (B) funds

02 Regular maintenance can prolong the life of your equipment.

= Inspecting equipment regularly can make it ____ longer.
(A) last (B) exist

03 The shopping mall will provide discounted chi ldren's wear this weekend.
= The store will sel l children's wear at __ prices this weekend.
(A) reduced (B) cheap

04 We are excited about working with NeuTech to develop a word processi ng program.
= We look forward to with NeuTech on our joint software project.
(A) comprom ising (B) colla borating

01 interrupt [lntadpt] 02 maintenance [meintanans] 03 provide [pravaid]

lack [lrek] prolong [pral:>:I)] wea r [wear]
put on hold inspect [inspekt] 04 look forward to
shortage lf5:rtid3l last [}rest] joint [d3oint]
wealth [we10] exist [igzist] compromise [k6mpramaiz]
fu nd [fAnd] collaborate [kala\bareit]

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05 A real estate agent must prepare the contract in dupl icate.
(A) Two copies of the contract a re needed when dealing with rea l estate.
(B) The sign atu re of a rea l estate agent is needed when closing a contract.

06 I ncreasing health care costs i m pose a heavy burden on patients.

(A) Most patients a re covered by med ical i nsurance.
(B) Patients a re put u nder pressu re by rising med ical expenses.

0 7 Tom McGuire helped open new locations for our company in the Asian market.
(A) Mr. McG u i re has contri buted to the expansion of our operations in Asia .
( B ) To meet the market's demands, M r. McGu ire extended the ope ration hours.

08 The hotel i s popular with tou rists because it is close to the shopping d i strict.
(A) Guests l i ke the hotel's conven ient access to shopping a reas.
(B) Shopping is easy because of the hote l 's location in a shopping m a l l .

0 5 rea l estate agent 06 i mpose [imp6uz] operation [apareifan)

prepare [pripear) b u rden [ba:rdn] demand [dimrend)
in d u plicate cover [k,i var] extend [ikstend)
dea l [di:]] insura nce [inJti arans) 08 d istrict [distrikt)
signature [signatfar] under pressu re conven ient [kanvf:niant]
close a contract 07 contribute [kantnoju:t] access [rekses]
expa nsion [iksprenfan]

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 Question 9 refers to the fol lowing memora n d u m .

This m e m o is t o i nform everyon e that m y office h a s been changed t o R o o m 22 1 , formerly

Ms. Brown's office. Ms. Brown has been approved for extended vacation l eave and will be
away for six m onths. I am taki ng over her responsibil ities and office. My tel ephone num­
ber has a lso been cha nged, but for the ti me bei ng, calls made to my old n u m ber will be
red i rected to me by the department secretary. In the futu re, please cal l me at extension
506.

09 I n the memo, the word " l eave" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) departure
(B) absence
(C) removal

Question 1 0 refers to the fol lowing letter.

I a m writing to tha n k Traveler's Companion for its a mazing service and the s u perior qual­
ity of its products. Recently, I ordered several of you r city guides to help m e plan a trip to
Europe. After the prompt del ivery, I fou n d that your gu ide books were even more useful
and attractive than I had expected. They n ot only cover a l l the fa mous tourist spots but
also i ntrodu ce some less popular places that are worth visiting.

1 O The word " cover" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) protect
(B) hide
(C) include

09 inform [inf>:rm] for the time being prompt [prompt]

formerly [f5:rmarli] extension [ikstenfan] cover [k,(var]
approve [apni :v] depa rture [dip6: rtJar] tourist spot
extended [ikstendid] a bsence [rebsans] worth + V-ing
vacation leave removal [rimu :val] protect [pratekt]
take over 1 O superior [su:pfariar] hide [haid]
responsib i l ity [risponsabilati] qual ity [kw6lati]

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1 1 The word "exercise" in paragraph 1 , line 2 1 2 What are employees expected to do if the
is closest in meaning to equipment breaks down?
(A) trai n (A) Call the technical seNice center
(B) use (B) Decontami nate themselves
(C) adapt (C) Have an engi neer look at it
(D) demand (D) Report it to the supeNisor

Answers. p. 382

1 1 precaution [prilci:Jan] caution [k5:Jan] supervisor [su:parvaizar]

12 i nfectious [infekfas] prevent A from + V-ing attempt [atempt)
handle [hrendl] contaminate [kantremaneit] decontami nation
be subject to malfu nction [mrelli.IJkfan) [di:kantremaneifan}
risk [risk] spill [spil) p rocedu re [prasf:d3ar)
exercise [eksarsaiz] incident [i'.nsadant] adapt [adrept]

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1 24 www.n hantriviet.com
 0
Day 1 Wee k 2

Grammar
[ Pa rt of Speech] Prepositions
01 Positions o f Prepositions
02 Prepositions of Time
03 Prepositions of Place
04 Prepositions of D i rection

Vocabulary
Verbs ( 1 )

Reading
Letters a nd E-ma i l s

www.nhantriviet.com 1 25
 [Part of Speech] Prepositions

Y Fun with Basic Grammar

What is a preposition? Types of prepositions

• i n the box

I n the a bove exa mples, the positions of the

object to the box a re d ifferent depending on
the words on and i n .

• The p a rt o f speech that is used before a noun

or a p ronoun to show time, place, d i rection,
etc. is ca lled a prepositio n .

Types of prepositions
Prepositions can be classified as prepositions of time (e . g . at, for) , prepositions of place (e . g . i n ,
between) , prepositions of direction (e . g . to, across) . I n addition, there are prepositions of means,
prepositions of purpose, prepositions of reason , etc.

The performance / starts / � 7 o'clock.

Time

I / read / a book / � the l i brary.

Place

r £ \( CJ --= O =--= O =--= O � o =--= O �

Which preposition in the parentheses is the correct choice?

� o =--=� ==--= 0 =--== 0 ==--= 0 -=><=. °1

�
0 Melissa met h i m (in, for) London. Cl

� � The preposition of place in is the correct choice since London is a place.

d
Answer: in �
� =--== o -==---=== :::::::-c= ,=--==:; =--=== o =---=== o � o ==---= -==--=- =-c::::: o� o � o � �

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 Day 1 Week 2

. ...��-� >• - ..-1_.• . • ,. ·-

Forms of prepositions
There are one-word prepositions (e.g. under, for) and more-than-one-word prepositions (e.g.
due to, i n fro nt of) .

One-word Prepositions More-than-one-word Prepositions

on due to
under instead of
for i n front of
since in add ition to

Judy/was late/for work/for two days.

Preposition

The shop/ was closed / d u e to fi n a ncial difficu lties.

1
Preposition

(_ ( \( (/ --= G =--= ,O � O=-c: O=--= =--= O =--= O =--= O =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 =--=

� Find out the prepositions in the following words.

11 ( A ) Under ( B ) I n stead of (C) Very ( D) I n front of ( E ) An °
� ¢ Prepositions a re the words that show time, place, or direction. Answer: (A), ( B), (D) �
� � o =-== � o =-= • � � � o � o � o =-= � � o � o =-= o � o � �

What i s a preposition a l p h rase?

A prepositional phrase is made up of prepositio n + n o u n / pro n o u n , for example i n wi nte r,

to her. A prepositional phrase can function as a complement in a sentence and can be put at the
beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence.

[For consideration], /we / have e nclosed /our brochure.

Prepositional phrase'-------'

The ma n / [i n the conference room] / is Mr. Adams.

Prepositional phrase

The celebration /fi n ished / [at m i d n ight] .

t
r C [
I Prepositional phrase
� � � o =--= o =--= o =-c: o � o =--= o =--= � =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--=
Which of the fol lowi ng is the prepositional phrase?
1

( A ) U nti l ( B ) N otice (C) U ntil further n otice 0

� ¢ Prepositional phrase = Preposition + noun/ pronoun Answer: (C) �

� � o =-== � o � G � o � o � =-= o =-= o =-== o =-= o � o =-c= o � �

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 2 7

0l Positio ns of Prepos itions
' - � .t

n
11
■ • •

II
The school closes d u ring the s u m mer vacatio n .
I n this sentence, the preposition during comes before the su mmer vacation to
show the time limit. I n Engl ish, prepositions come i n certai n positions in a sentence.

(I) Positions of prepositions

Prepositions come before nouns or pronouns.

Before nouns: I / bought/the coffee maker/ i n January.

Noun

Before prono u n s : We/ recommended/the best art schoo l / to h i m .

Pronoun

(I) Parts of speech that ca n not fol low prepositions

Adjectives a n d verbs cannot follow prepositions .

The c ity ha l l / i s / u nder (constructi•1e, �) .

Adjective (X) Noun (0)

I n (�, �),/the di rector / expressed / concern .

Verb (X) Noun (0)

1 28 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nh a ntriviet.com

 . .
Choose one correct o ption i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 The editor is under (press, pressure) to meet the deadline.

02 All accountants must acquire the licenses in accordance with (regulations, regulates) .

03 At his (suggestion, suggestive) , we entered into the partnership with GH , Inc.

04 The traffic accident resulted from her (careless, carelessness).

05 Ms. Anderson went to New York last month for (pleasant, pleasure) .

06 The automatic teller machine in the lobby was out of (ordered, order) .

Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

07 The employees who recently joined the 09 Many parts of Africa are currently under
staff were referred to you for __ ,
(A) guide (C) guidance (A) development (C) develop
(B) guided {D) guidable (B) developed (D) develops

08 The proposals are currently under __ . 1 0 Without __, all Gainsborough Corpor­
{A) consider (C) considera ble ation workers must attend the summer
(B) considerably (D) consideration training seminar.
(A) except (C) excepts
(B) exception (D) exceptional

Answers: p. 382

01 ed itor [edatar] 04 result [riu.lt]

meet the dead l i n e 06 automatic teller machine (ATM )
0 2 accountant [akauntant] 07 refer [rifa:r]
acq u i re [akwaiar] 08 proposa l [prap6uzl]
l i cense Oaisans] 09 cu rrently [ka:rantli]
in accordance with 10 corporation [kJ:rpareifan)
03 enter into attend [atend]
partnership [p6 :rtnarjlp)

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 2 9

02 P repositions of Time
.
-' ' . . . .

* ::: ::: ::: :;: :;: :j: ... •;• * :;: :;: :,: :;:
·:: I went to the sea during t h i s summer vacatio n . ..
.. -Pi. I had a sandwich at 1 2 o'clock .
I met my friends on Su nday .
--.y� ,;.;

.. Prepositions of time are used to show time and occur i n different contexts.
*
..
:;: * : :: ::: ::: :;: ::: ::: :: : ;!: ::: ::: :::

(l at, on, in
At is used to indicate the exact time." O n is used before dates, days of a week, and special days .
I n is used before years , months, seasons, etc .

at 1 0 o'clock at the beginning of the month

Before the exact time
at the end of the year at noon / night/ midnig ht
Before dates, days of a week, and on September 1 8 o n Wednesday
special d ays on Tuesday morning on New Year's Day
Before years , months , seasons , i n 20 1 0 in March i n summer
the morning / afternoon / evening in the morning i n the afternoon in the evening

� for, during
For and d u ri n g mean within a period. For i s used before a period of time to i n d i cate how
somet h i ng goes on, for example, for eight months. D u ri n g is used before a noun to ind icate a
period of time i n which something happens, for exam ple, during the holiday or during the summer
vacation .

for + ( n u m ber) time l i m i t : She/wo rked / i n ma rketi n g /for three years.

Time limit

during + a specific t i m e limit: I /traveled/ abroa d / d u r i n g my vacatio n .

Specific time limit

until, by
U nti l and by mean up to . . . U ntil is used to show a progressive situation that is going to end at
a particular time; by indicates the dead l i ne or the closing time for a period.

The ba n k / i s / open / u nt i l 5 p . m .
Q The sentence ind icates that the bank is now open a n d wi ll b e closed a t 5 p . m . , s o until i s used t o let the
reader know that 5 p . m . is the closing time.

You / have to come bac k / by 1 0 p . m .

Q By is used before 1 O p . m . to show that this is the time you have t o come back, not later.

1 30 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com

✓ " -•
. ..
. ... . ·.,
" '

, :
.

_. .
,& "" tte.iu.'� 1 k.t�1'� Ji� biti;.dv ;(1;..J� tl:'.tL" J..di t -. t��--
. . . , Day 1:, Week 2-
;� . _ '
'"
.-1 '1a�'.:l:t ;s ,'¼.. :,;,k�w':.,>4,;;;'°":;.,l,;, �:,.,,,...,,_.::'¼,., � ,.•�,,;,, k.- A:},;t;.,.., i"' ""'·� . s.
�, "

-t
mtl1!!I
Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

0 1 The construction of the monument is scheduled to start (on, in) February 5 .

02 The coupons for a free drink are valid (during, for) a month.

03 Employees must sign up for the workshop (by, until) tomorrow.

04 We will have an orientation for newcomers (at, in) noon.

0 5 The website will officially be launched (until, on) New Year's Day.

06 The National Museum will be closed for renovation (in, on) summer.

� Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.
l!li®llfm#UM41

07 The meeting about new marketing strat­ 09 All requests for vacation time must be pres­
egies will be held __ 1 1 a.m. ented in writing __ June 1 5 .
(A) to (C) at (A) at (C) in
(B) on ( D) for (B) on (D) for

08 All workers must submit their records to the 1 0 __ her stay in Paris, Ms. Lemet super­
supervisor __ the end of the month. vised the new branch office.
(A) for (C) in (A) For (C) About
(B) by (D) to (B) U pon (D) During

Answers: p. 382

01 construction [kanstrAkfan] 05 officially [afifali] 09 request [rikwest]

monument [m6njumant] launch [b:ntj] in writi ng
02 valid [vrelid] 06 renovation [renaveifan] 1 0 su pervise [sti:parvaiz]
03 sign up 07 strategy [strretad3i] branch [brrentj]
04 orientation [:i:rianteifan]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 3 1

03 Prepositions of Place

A fly was flying a round in the room and then perched on the wall.
Here, the prepositions i n and on a re used to show places: the room and the
wall respectively. Different prepositions of place indicate d ifferent locations.

(j at, on, in
The prepositions a t , o n , i n all indicate locations. However, at indicates a specific place , o n
shows a position in relation to or supported by a surface, and in indicates a point within/ inside a
space.

•
on
w
I / met / Bob / at a bus stop.
Specific place

S h e / put/the groceries / o n the table.

Surface

There / are/ many parks/ in the city.

Space

(I between, among
Both betwe e n and a m o n g mean in th e middle. While between is used to indicate the pos­
ition in the middle of two things, a m o n g is used out of three or more things .

••• • •• •
between •••
among

There / is/a house / between the two trees.

In the middle of two things

There / is/a house / a mong the trees.

In the middle of three or more things

1 32 - Hackers TOEIC Start Re11ding www.nhantriviet.com

 Choose one correct option· i n the parenth eses.
IDB
0 1 People are not allowed to sit (on, at) the grass.

02 Two vehicles are waiting (at, in) the traffic light.

03 The official ceremony will be held (on, in) City Hall.

04 Russia is the largest country (in, on) the world.

05 The new department store is located (at, in) the corner of Potrero Avenue and Main Street.

06 He walked (among, between) the two buildings and came upon a large square.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.

07 There is optimism __ investors regard­ 09 The company's barbecue party will take
ing the state of the economy. place __ Hubbard Park.
(A) between (C) among (A) in (C) of
(B) after (D) around (B) on (D) as

08 The restaurant offers discounted meals 1 0 The post office is conveniently located
__ Mother's Day. __ the office and the subway entrance.
(A) at (C) in (A) among (C) into
(B) on (D) by (B) with (D) between

Answers: p. 382

01 allow [alau) 07 optimism [6ptamlzm) 1 0 conveniently located

03 ceremony [seramouni] investor [investar) entrance [entrans)
05 locate [16ukeit) rega rd i ng [rig6:rdi.IJ)
06 come upon state [steit)
square [skwear] 09 take place

www.nhantriviet.com
04 Prep ositi ons of Dire ction
. .. -. -

.. The dog went out of the house, along the lotus pond and then back i nto the
house.
I n Engl ish, d ifferent d i rections need d ifferent prepositions of direction .

(I) to, toward

The prepositions of direction to and towa rd mean in the direction of.

J o h n / wrote / a letter/to his w ife. toward

We /walked /toward downtown .

. . ...
to

� across, through, along

Across means crossing ; through means from one end or side to the other; and a l o n g means
by the side of, alongside .
across

I / swa m / across the lake.

The car/went/th rou g h a tu nnel.
M i ke/walked / a l o ng the beach .

� into, out of
I nto means moving to the inside ; on the contrary, o ut of means moving to the outside .

Kathy / ra n / i nto her h o use.

: ;, : :,,
He/ju m ped/ out of his bed.
. · l'.J
i nto · ·. . · · · out
. of

1 34 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Day 1 Week 2
"
'' '.th H.i.��*,,.• :,,h I '" ' • ,.f',,f,{:,d, ...� • l -

mmn
Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

0 1 Numerous parks can be found (along, into) the roads of Ohio.

02 Ms. Jordan took some documents (into, out of) her bag.

03 H is secretary came running (out of, across) the street.

04 Water runs (against, th�ough) this pipe.

Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.

05 Mr. Huntington will offer advice __ our 06 Visitors who want to enjoy beautiful
managers on how to increase sales. scenery may drive __ the coast.
(A) to (C) on (A) into (C) a long
(B) with (D) upon (B) under (D) among

07 Questions 7 a n d 8 refer t o t h e fol lowing memorandum.

08
This is to inform you that a number of changes in the Ohio branch of Akron have been
made in the past week. The branch relocated to a new building __ April 1 8.
07 (A) for (C) in
(B} at (D) on

Ms. Miller will give you the address and directions as well as the new telephone numbers
for the branch. Their financial department is also under new __. Tom Holt, who headed
08 (A) manage (C) management
(B) manageable (D) managed

the department for twenty years, retired on April 20. The new head is Sarah Douglas.

Answers: p. 382

01 numerous [nju :maras] advice [advais] A as well as B

02 document [d6kjumant] i ncrease [inkri:s] fi nancial department
03 secreta ry [sekrateri] 06 scenery [si:nari) head [hed]
04 ru n [rAO) 07 a n u m ber of retire [ritaiar)
05 offer [Mar] 08 relocate [ri:16ukeit)

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 3 5

 Verbs (1)

Menial Work

Months ago, a department manager h i red an ex­

perienced employee to develo p new accounting soft­
ware which should meet the new requirement of the
parent company. He was a p p o i nted as division head.
I thought that the manager would assign the new
division head to rev i ew the company's accounting
system and then submit a detailed report presenting
some solutions.

In actual fact, the department manager first asked

the division head to use worksheets in an Excel file
to e nter e-mail addresses of important customers.
Then , he asked him to p u rchase office supplies, re­
place defective machines, or do some kind of main­
tenance to prolo n g the life of office equipment. Later,
he continually ordered the new head to type some
documents.

The division head eventually voiced his objection

to the department manager, " I ' m responsible for
software development, but for the past few months,
what I have done is just type some documents . If this
situation lasts, I will q u i t . "

The department manager, feeling regretful because

he just asked the new head to do such boring tasks,
said, "Oh my God, I 'm so sorry. You should have start­
ed programming last week, but I forgot all about it. "

1 36 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Day 1 Week 2 ' '
• • • •• • � -- �..-- IP,:., ... ·- -�

Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

01 The report has been (advised, reviewed, reached) by the supervisor.

02 The team (developed, entered, revised) the company's new manufacturing process.

03 Management (operates, predicts, appoints) senior managers to oversee departments.

04 The corporation had to (repl>'., construct, hire) more workers to meet increased demands.

.,_.....,_._ Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences . ■
0 5 To withdraw money from the account, the 06 An increasing number of people use the
user must __ h is password. Internet to __ tickets for movies.
(A) place (C) create (A) support (C) achieve
(B) offer (D) enter (B) pu rchase (D) replace

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowi ng e-mail .

From: Customer Service Manager, National Printers

To : Mr. Jones

We have received the printer that you sent to our office last Friday. Our technical staff
has checked the device and found that the problems were not due to any manufactur­
ing error. However, since you purchased the printer just three days ago, we have de­
cided to __ it with a new one. Please clean the printer regularly in order to __ the
07 (A) remove (C) replace 08 (A) endure (C) admit
(B) repair (D) reproduce (B) enlarge (D) prolong

Answers: p. 382

01 supervisor [su :parvaizar] 05 withdraw [wi3dci:] purchase [pa:rtfas]

02 manufacturing process account [akaunt] regularly [regjularli]
03 oversee [buvarsi:] 07 receive [risi:v] equi pment [ikwfpmantJ
04 corporation [16:rpareifan] 08 device [divais]
meet a demand due to

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 37

 .
Lette rs and E-ma ils
. .

In Part 7, most reading passages are i n the form of letters such as letters of complai nt, order ..
confi rmation letters, letters to renew a n expired magazine subscription, i nvitations to special
.. events, thank-you letters, etc. E-mai ls usually mention internal affairs of a company.

a.,J.i4,j,i•fi!b®ilfi1lZitm
Questions related to letters or e-mai ls are often about the purpose of a letter or an e-mail , (an)
attachment(s) or a request to the recipient.
Questions about the purpose of a letter or an e-mail
Typi cal questions: What is the purpose of the letter?
Why was the e-mail written ?

Reading strategy: The purpose o f a letter o r a n e-mai l i s usually stated a t the beginning o f a
reading passage, particularly after such expressions as I am writing to. . . , This
e-mail is to . . . The topic can also be found in the heading S u bject: . • . or R e : . . .

Questions about (an) attachment(s)

Typical questions: What is enclosed with this letter?
What did Mr. Wright send with his e-ma il?
Reading strategy: Information about (an) attachment (s) in a letter or an e-mail is usually men­
tioned at the end of a reading passage. Look around the words enclose, send
with , attach to find hints for the answer.

Questions about a request

Typi cal questions: What does Mr. Rya n ask Ms. Jane to do?
What are employees asked to do?
Reading strategy: Requests are usually presented near the end of letters or e-mails. Questions
about a request are often information questions. Identify the key word(s) in
the question and search for hi nts for the answer near the end of a reading
passage, particularly, the request is often impl ied in the sentence containing I
would appreciate your ~ing or I would be very grateful if you could. . .

f Common expressions used in letters or e-mai ls , =-= o =--= o =-= o =-= o =-= 0 =-= <> =-=
• Expressions showing the topic of e-mails: Subject: , Re:
,

V • Expressions showing the purpose of letters or e-mails: ! am writing to, I want you to know, This e-mail ij
IS to
n �
0 • Expressions showing attachments : enclose, send with , attach o
ij • Expressions showing requests : I would appreciate your ~ing, I wou ld be gratefu l if you could, Please V
� :=--=: o =--=- --=--= o -==--==- o ==--c:::.. o -==--c=. o =--=... =>-oe:::.: O ==--== -=--==- o � o ===--::: o � � �

1 38 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.co m

 The questions below refer to the following letter.

Recipient ---r-i
Pu rpose of __ I am writing to i nform you that the products I ordered from your company
..........,
the letter on September 1 0 were wrongly delivered.
I ordered 1 2 tea sets; however, when I unwrapped the package, I found
Detai led c ontent
two sets were missing and there was no warranty inside.

■
- Enclosed with this letter are the invoice and the catalogue with the miss­
Atta c h ment - +-1
ing sets flagged.
I wou ld be grateful if you could send me the two m issing sets together
Request -----+--1
with the warranty.

Questions: 1 . What is the(ourpose)ot this letter?

� Purpose
(A) To ask for an exchange (B) To inform a wrong delivery

2. What is�with this letter?

� Key word
(A) An i nvoice (B) The faulty product
3. What does M r. Jefferson(request)?
� Key word
(A) Free del ivery (B) A wa rranty

Analyzing:
1 . From the word purpose, you can easily see that the question is about the purpose of the letter. The
purpose is often stated at the beginning of a letter. According to the first sentence in the letter, I
am writing to inform you that the products I ordered from your company on September 10 were
wrongly delivered, choice (B) To inform a wrong delivery is the correct answer.
2. From the key word enclosed , you can understand that the question is about an attachment. The
key word enclosed can be found near the end of the letter; then hints for the correct answer can be
found there. Based on the sentence Enclosed with this letter are the invoice and the catalogue ,
choice (A) An invoice is the correct answer.
3. The key word request indicates that the question asks about the request mentioned in the letter . The
key word req uest is paraphrased as I would be grateful ifyou could send me at the end of the letter
where hints for the correct answer can be found. Choice (B) A warranty is the correct answer.
 Practice pa ra p h rasing the fol l owing sentences by choosi ng the
correct option .

0 1 W e assure you that your order will arrive within seven days.
= Delivery is to take place within a specific time .
(A) likely (8) guaranteed

02 I send a copy of your flight itinerary with my letter.

_ please find the information on your travel plans.
(A) Enclosed (8) Revised

03 I have attached the technical specifications for the AC20 to this e-mail.
= A list of the product's is included with the e-mail.
(A) costs (8) details

04 Thank you for finding the data that I had asked you about.
= I appreciate your taking the time to _ the requested information.
(A) locate (8) fill out

01 assu re [aJuar] 02 itinerary [aitinareri] include [inklu:d]

order [o:rdar] enclose [inkl6uz] cost [k:i:st]
take place revise [rivaiz] detai l [di:teil]
specific [spisifik] 03 attach [atretj] 04 appreciate [apri:jieit]
guara ntee [greranti:] technical [teknika)] locate [16ukeit]
specification [spesafikeifan] fi l l out

1 40 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

05 Schedule your appointment a week before you want to have your car checked.
(A) Appointments for car mai ntenance should be made a week in advance.
(B) You should check your car service appointment one week ahead of time.

06 Please give me information about the conference facilities at your hotel .

(A) I would l i ke some deta ils a bout the meeting rooms at your hotel.
(B) I want to have a meeting a bout the services available at your hotel .

07 I mproperly disposing of motor oil can contaminate drinking water.

(A) M otor oil must be disposed of in specific a reas.
(B) Disposing motor oil inappropriately can pol lute drinking water.

08 Mr. Sigh is in charge of organizing the reception for the overseas investors .
(A) Mr. Sigh takes responsibility for planning a welcome party.
(B) M r. Sigh is the receptionist for the overseas branch.

05 schedule [sked3u:l] 07 improperly [impr6parli] 08 be in charge of

appointment [ap:iintmant] dispose [disp6uz] overseas [ouvarsi:z]
mai ntenance [meintanans] contaminate [kantremaneit] i nvestor [investar)
in adva nce inappropriately [lnapr6upriatli] take responsibility
ahead of poll ute [pahi:t] for + V-ing
06 faci l ity [fasilati]
deta i l [di:teil]

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 4 1

 Question 9 refe rs to the following letter.
EiD

Dear Ms. Jackson,

Our law firm has recently decided to move to a more spacious office due to a n i ncrease
i n the n u m ber of employees in the last yea r. Add itional fu rn iture, office supplies, a n d
equ i pment a re needed for our new location. As we were very satisfied with t h e q ua l ity o f
goods a n d services y o u have provided in t h e past, w e look forward t o working with you
to furnish our new office. I would appreciate you r givi ng us a cost estimate for the items
• mentioned i n the enclosed document.

09 What is enclosed in the letter?

(A) A product catalog (B) A list (C) A quote

Question 1 0 refers to the fol lowi ng e-ma i l .

FROM : Ch ristopher Knight, Personnel M anager

TO: All staff

This e-mai l is to notify staff that a l l data contained i n the personnel information files is
confidentia l . It should only be shown to authorized executives. Reviewing or sharing a ny
information you find with a third party is strictly forbidden and cou ld result i n termi n­
atio n of employment. If you a re given access to a fi le by mistake, please report it to me
i m mediately.

1 O What must one do if one receives a confidential file accidentally?

(A) Contact the technician
(B) Send it to the su pervisor
(C) I nform Mr. Kn ight

09 additional [adifanl] quote [kwout] termination [ta: rmaneifan]

location [loukeifan] 1 0 person nel [pa: rsanel] em ployment [impl:iimant]
be satisfied with confidential [konfadenfal] access [rekses]
quality [kw6lati] authorized [5:0araizd] by mistake
furnish [fa:rnij] executive [igzekjutiv] accidenta lly [reksadentali]
esti mate [estimat] third party
enclose [inkl6uz] forbidden [farbidn]

1 42 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Paul Jones
Viking Wireless
31 1 Lexington Ave.
New York, NY 1 001 7

Dear Mr. Jones,

For the past several months, my cell phone bill has been much higher than usual. So, I
contacted the customer service department to find out why. It turns out that there are many
phone calls that I did not make on bill. However, the customer service insists that these
cal ls were made from my cell phone.

But many of the calls were made when I was out of the country. Enclosed is a copy of my
plane ticket to prove that I was not in the country. I have also attached a copy of my recent
bills and highlighted the calls that I did not make.

Please reimburse me for the incorrect charges and send a statement that reflects the
changes. Thank you for your attention to this matter.

Regards,
Susan Hay
'- ·.·

1 1 What is the purpose of this letter? 1 2 What does Ms. Hay request the company do?
(A) To ask about a phone service plan (A) Refund the extra charges
(B) To praise the customer service (B) Change her service plan
(C) To exchange a defective phone (C) Contact the travel agency
(D) To complain about a billing issue (D) U pdate her su bscription

Answers: p. 382

1 1 bill [bill h i g hlight [haila.it] attention [atenJan]

1 2 turn out reimburse [rl:imba:rs] praise [preiz)
i nsist [insist] i ncorrect [inkarekt] exchange [ikstJeind3]
prove [pru:v] charge [tJo: rd3] defective [difektiv]
attach [atretjl statement [steitmant] complain [kamplein)
reflect [riflekt] refu nd [rifind]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 43

1 44 www.nhantriviet.com
 0
Day 2 Wee k 2

Grammar
[ Part of Speech] Conj u nctions
01 Coord i n ating Conj unctions and Correlative Conj u nctions
02 Su bord i nati ng Conj u nctions

Vocabulary
Verbs (2)

Reading
Advertisements

www.nhantriviet.com 1 45
 [Part of Speech] Conj unctions

� Fun with Basic Grammar

� What i s a conj u nction? Types of conjunctions

This watermelon is sweet and cool. Conjunctions

I n this exa mple, sweet and cool

a re joined by the word and. The
part of speech that is used to
join words, phrases, or clauses
is called a conj unction.

Coordinating conj u nctions and correlative conjunctions

Coordi nating conju nctions show the interdependent relationships between words, phrases, or
clauses. However, correlative conjunctions must go in fixed pairs .

and
Coord i nating Conj u nctions but
or

both A and B
Correlative Conj u n ctions
either A or B

You / can leave / or stay.

Coordinating conjunction

She/ speaks / both Spanish and Korean .

Correlative conjunction
-c:::::::... �

C £ l U � • =-= =-== 0 =-= =-= 0 =-= � 0 � 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-=0 ==-:o �

� Join the two halves below to make complete sentences.

0
�

I
1 . He submitted a resume ( A ) or English.
� 2. Mr. H arris is either American (B) and a cover letter.
i� The coordi nati ng conjunction and combi nes a resume i n sentence 1 with a cover letter in B, while the
correlative conjunction either A or B combines American i n sentence 2 and English in A.
ij ij
n Answer: 1 . ( B ) ; 2. ( A ) n
�=-=•�•=-=• =-=•=-=•�•=-=•�• �•=-=-•� =-=•�• =-=�
1 46 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com
 :. Day 2 Week 2

•...J.1:,,. ..:..1.J,. ,u�-'-- ....._ ,_.___• •- •· -

Subord i nat i ng conj u nct ions

A su bord inating conju nction begins a dependent clause in a sentence that consists of a main
clause and a dependent clause. The dependent clause cannot stand on its own and does not
express a complete thought. It depends on and modifies the main clause i n terms of mean i n g .

Although oil prices have rise n , / many people / continue /to d rive.
Subordinating Dependent clause Main clause

rt: r
conjunction

=--= =--=. =--= =--= ., =--=

1
\l ti --= 0 =--= =-= 0 '=-c= 0 =--= 0 =-= O=--= 0 0

., Wh ich of the fol lowing is the subordinating conjunction? o

� The hotel offered a d iscou nt rate when we stayed there.
�
o (A) (B) (C) o

� ¢ The conjunction which begins the dependent clause is the su bordinating conjunction. Answer: (B) �
� =-= o � � =-= � =-= � =-= O =-= o � • � o =-= O =-= � ==-= O =-= o =-= O =-= �

Types of subordinat i n g conj u n ctions

Subord i nati n g conjunctions can b e grouped into noun clause conj unctions, adverb clause
conjunctions, and adjective clause conjunctions.

N o u n Clause Conj unctions that, if, whether

Adverb Cla use Conjunctions because, although, when, if
Adjective Clause Conju nctions who, which, that

Kate /was late /for the i nterview / beca use there was a traffic j a m .
Adverb clause conjunction

� � ==-== o =-= o =-= o =-== o =-= � � o =-=o =-= � =-== o � o =-= �

�(. £ . \t (J
Match the correct subordinating conjunction with its type .

i
�
1 . Whether (A) Adverb clause conjunction
2. Although (B) Noun cla use conjunction
�
¢ Whether is a noun clause conju nction, whereas a lthough is a n adverb clause conjunction.
� Answer: 1 . (B); 2 . ( A ) �
� ==-c= o � � � � � o � o � o ==-= o =-= o =-= 4 =-= 0 � o =-== o ==-= �

www.n h a ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 47

 Coo rdin atin g Conjunction s and
0l Gq_r r� ��.t i ��.., .£9 DJ� n �t j9_n �. . " ... · ... . . �• a • • _ • • • • _ •
_ •

Coord i nat i ng conj u nct ions

Each of the coord i nating conjunction s below has its own meaning.

I and or but so yet

I / c l ea ned /the roo m / (0t1t, @) / prepared /the mea l .

q The coordinating conjunction a n d is used t o a d d something - cleaned the room and prepared th e meal. The
conju nction but expresses opposition.

I / opposed / h is view/ (se,@) / accepted / it.

q The sentence means Although I opposed his view, I accepted it; therefore, but ( on the contrary) is accu rate,
not so (for this reason /consequently) .

(I Correlative conj u nctions

T h e fol l owing correlative conj unctions must come i n fixed pairs.

both A and B either A or B

neither A n o r B n ot o n ly A but also B

H e / studied / both physics (0f, @) mathematics.

q The correlative conjunction both must come in pair with and.

We / wi l l watc h / (�, � a play or a movie.

q The correlative conjunction or must come i n pai r with either.

They/went / n e ither camping (0f, @) fis h i n g .

q The correlative conjunction neither must come in pair with nor.

Jason / bo u g ht / (eRly, � pants but a l so s h i rts .

q The correlative conjunction b u t also must come in pai r with n o t only.

1 48 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com

 . ·� ,..__. :..t.;w'� �.,:;i.,�,� �· .,, ._._ _ - ,, - - · ...... .. 1
Day 2 Week 2
- -
�,
Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

01 You may mail (so, or) fax your. resume to Mr. Blunt.

02 The bui lding has (both, either) an outdoor parking lot and an underground garage.

03 He made a request for help (but, and) did not receive any response.

04 The logo must be not only distinctive (and, but) also professional-looking.

05 Participants were told to arrive by noon, (yet, so) most of them were late.

06 The consultant advised neither expanding the factory (or, nor) hiring more workers.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

07 Ms. Douglas will help customers create an 09 The website is most accessible before
investment __ savings plan. 8 a.m. __ after 5 p.m.
(A) so (C) yet (A) or (C) so
(B) and (D) but (B) nor (D) yet

08 Applicants are required to present __ a 1 O Neither chatting online _ checking

reference letter and a photocopy of their personal e-mail is permitted during working
social security card. hours.
(A) all (C) either (A) o r (C) nor
(B) both (D) neither (B) and (D) only

Answers: p. 382

02 outdoor [autd:i:r] 07 create [krieit]

garage [gar6 j] investment [investmant]
03 receive [risi:v] 08 applicant [replikant]
response [risp6ns] present [prizent]
04 distinctive [distil)ktiv] reference letter
06 consu ltant [kanst1.ltant] social security card
expand [iksprend] 09 accessible [aksesabl]
hire (haiar] 1 0 permit [parmit]

www.n ha ntriviet.co m Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 49

02 S ubordina ting Conj unct ions
:__.:__,;;;!.,_ �����...&.-") -• -
� l ,l. •...
...t.. ,_ � j • - - � -- •

I don't like playing basketba ll because I am too short.

••n In this sentence, the dependent clause because I am too short gives the expla nation
_to the fact that I don't like playing basketball whi ch is the main clause. Subord i nat­
i n g conjunctions ca n be used in noun clauses, adjective clauses, or adverb clauses .

(I} Noun cla use conjunction s

A noun clause conjunction begins a clause that functions as a nou n . A noun clause can be the
subject, object, or complement in a sentence. Noun clause conjunctions are that and if/whether.
[That she won the award] / was / a big surprise.
Subject

Mr. Lee/ has n ot known / [whether he will be transferred) .

Object

@ Adverb clause conj u nctions

An adverb clause conjunction begins a clause that functions as an adverb . An adverb clause
modifies a main clause. Adverb clause conjunctions are because, althou g h , etc .

He/ postponed /the event / [ because rain was predicted ] .

Adverb clause

[Although Tim is i nexperienced],/ he/ d i d / his best.

Adverb clause

Adjective cla use conju nctions

An adjective clause conjunction begins a clause that functions as an adjective. An adjective
clause modifies a noun. Adjective clause conjunctions are who , which , and that.

We/ h i red / an em ployee/ [who has work experience] .

Noun .____, A djective clause

We / released / a new book/ [which is about gard e n i n g] .

Noun ._____, Adjective clause

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 Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

0 1 We postponed the construction (because, which) there was not enough funding.

02 {If, Although) the government tried to control fuel costs, they increased significantly.

03 The team conducted a suNey (which, whether) assessed the market potential for diet food.

04 (Whether, Because) Ms. Fletcher will give the presentation is not certain.

_..., ___ Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

0 5 __ promotional experience is helpful, it 06 Profits rose not __ because of an

is not a requirement. increase in sales, but also a reduction in
(A) And (C) Which expenses.
(B) Who (D) Although (A) alone (C) over
(B) only (D) less

07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the followi ng letter.

08
I was j ust going over the records of the maintenance workers hired last year. They are
eligible for various tax benefits __ they have held the jobs over six months. Please
07 (A) whether (C) because
(B) but (D) or

inform Lisa. One other thing I would like to mention is that Mike Evans of purchasing
said he would submit the equipment specifications yesterday, __ I do not see them
08 (A) so (C) for
(B) yet (D) both

anywhere. Let him know that I am waiting for them.

Answers: p. 382

0 1 postpone [pous tp6un] assess lases] 07 go over

fun d i ng [ffodiIJ) potential [patenJal) 0-8 m a i ntenance [meint.:mans]
02 control [kantr6ul) 05 promotional [pram6uJnal] eligible [elid3abl]
significantly [signifikantli] 06 profit [profit) tax benefit
03 conduct [kancUkt] reduction [ridilfan] submit [sabmit]
su rvey [sa:rvei] expense [ikspens] specification [spesafikeifan]

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start ReadinQ - 1 5 1

 Verbs.(2) '. _ '
I •
,..__lr-.-���\i_.:,•-�,;\� ,1,....'••,t.,.,W,N{w,, -�_,le.a.:::..:•__. �• • \' . _ J ,,..• I ,' •\ < •- �• f -. ,; '--�-,J .v �. • I f, ; !.

Thomas Edison ( 1 847- 1 9 3 1 )

Thomas Edison was born on 1 1 February 1 84 7. �- . LANGUAGE FOCUS

He was one of the outstanding geniuses of tech­ • obta i n
nology, and he obta ined patents for more than Long delays in obtaining pass­
one thousand inventions including the electric light ports and visas often occur.
bulb, the record player and an early type of film
• create
projector. He also created the world's first indus-

•
Last week, 170 new jobs have
trial research laboratory. been created .
He was born in Milan, Ohio, and he was always an inquisitive
• rem a i n
boy. By the time he was 1 0, he had set up a small chemical
T h e economy remains stable.
laboratory in his house after his mother had shown him a sci­
ence book. He soon became fascinated with electrical currents • commission
and it rema i ned the main interest of his l ife. We have commissioned a full
survey of the property.
In 1 869, he borrowed a small amount of money and became
a freelance inventor. In the same summer, there was a crisis in • i m p rove
the New York financial district called Wall Street when the new Our main objective is to improve
the economy.
telegraphic gold-price indicator broke down . Edison was called
in to repair It and he did it so wel l that he was g iven a job as
• apply for
supervisor with the Western Union Telegraph Company. They You have to apply to the passport
later c o m m i ssioned him to improve the Wall Street stock office for a visa.
ticker that was just coming into use. He did so and produced
• surround
the Edison Universal Stock Printer, which immediately brought
He found hi mself su rrounded by
him a fortune of $40,000. With this money, he set up as a manu­ an admiring crowd .
facturer in order to produce electrical machines.

In 1 876, he built a new laboratory so that

he could spend all his time inventing. He
planned to turn out minor inventions every
ten days and a 'big trick' every six months.
Before long , he had 40 different inventions
going at the same time and was applyi n g
f o r a s many a s 400 patents a year. The following year, Edison
moved to New Jersey i n order to build the Edison Laboratory
(now a national monument), which was ten times bigger than
his first laboratory. In time it was su rrounded by factories em­
ploying 5,000 people and producing many new products. Edison
died on 1 8 October 1 931 having had a remarkably productive life.

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 . Day 2 Week 2 ' '
:
4'" . . .
-� • l..., .:.,_ •___!:\. __.p.,..,1,...'...,._.,. ....1', ,_ , • •• ' • : • •• • 1.. '�• • ..,. _ • • r •

mmn
Choose one correct option in the pa rentheses.

0 1 Valid tickets must be (examined, entered, presented) to watch a concert.

02 Synthetic materials usual ly (last, appoint, exceed) longer than natural ones.

03 The employers (expect, hire, last) workers to be productive.

04 The hotel has a meeting area that can (accommodate, include, expect) eighty people .
•
___,,_ Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

05 Receipts, invoices, and bank statements

should be kept in order to __ expenses.
(A) verify
(B) d iscount
(C) com plicate
(D) expi re
06 All business managers are expected to
__ at least one of the regularly sched-
uled semi nars .
(A) conti nue (C) decide
■
(B) attend (D) regard

-
08
07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following letter.

Dear Mr. Martin,

Thank you for applying to Ceco Systems. Ceco Systems __ its workers a professional
07 (A) controls (C) invests
(8) leads (D) offers
and comfortable environment. We bel ieve that well-treated employees provide our cus­
tomers with better service. This has been the key to our success in the industry. Our
comprehensive benefits package __ paid vacation, a bonus program, and medical
08 (A) includes (C) surrounds
(8) donates (D) enrolls
insurance coverage. If you have any other questions, please do not hesitate to write to
jobopen [email protected].

Answers: p. 382

01 va lid [vrelid] expense [ikspens] industry [indestri]

02 synthetic [sin8etik] 06 at least comprehensive [ka mprihensiv]
material [metiariel] 07 apply [eplai] benefits package
05 recei pt [risi:t] 08 environment [invaiarenment] insu ra nce [inJti arensJ
invoice [inv:iis] provide A with B coverage [k.ivarid3l
bank statement key [ki:] hesitate [hezeteit]

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readino - 1 53

 Advertisements
. .

In Part 7, some reading passages a re about advertisements for jobs and products. Job ad­
vertisements often involve recruiti ng ma nagers /secretaries / manager assistants, etc. Product
advertisements focus on household appl iances, membership, houses for rent, restaurants,
hotels, etc.

a.fM4ild••:ffimfiiDr.l
Questions concerning advertisements are mostly about the purpose of advertising , the position/
product advertised, the object of the advertisements, advertisers, etc. In job advertisements, there
are usually questions about requirements and application procedures; whereas in product advertise­
ments, questions often focus on features and good points of a product /service.
Questions about the purpose of advertising and the position / product advertised
Typical questions: What is the p u rpose of th is advertisement?
What positio n is being advertised?
What is being advertised?
Reading strategy: The purpose of the advertisement or the position / product advertised is often
stated at the beginning of a reading passage . Therefore , hints for the correct
answer are located at the beginning of the reading passage .

Questions about requirements and application procedures i n job advertisements

Typical questions: What is NOT a requirement for the position?
How can people a pply for the position?

Reading strategy: Qualifications and requirements are often mentioned in the middle of a reading
passage, whereas application procedures are presented at the end. Questions
for these are usually information or NOT /TRUE questions. You need to identify
the key word(s) in the question , then locate hints in the middle or at the end of
the reading passage for the correct answer.

Questions about features and good points of a product/ service in product advertisements
Typical questions: What is NOT stated as a feature of the service?
What is the advantage of the product?
Reading strategy: Features and good poi nts of a product / service are often stated in the middle of
a readi ng passage . Questions for these are usually information or NOT /TRUE
questions. You need to identify the key word(s) in the question, then locate hints

r
in the middle of the readi ng passage for the correct answer.

Common expressions used for requi rements = 0 =-= 0 =-= =-=• �o=-=0-=-=•=-= 1
requ i rement q u a l ification a successfu l ca ndidate
ij bachelor's degree proficiency i n ( = fluency i n ) experience i n a related fi e l d ij
� knowledge of b i l ingual in French and English com puter l iterate social skills �
§:o =-= � o =-= o � o =-c=·o =-= o =-= o =-=o=--= o =--= o =-= o =--= o=--= o �d
1 54 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com
 The questions below refer to the followi ng advertisement.

Worldwide Distribution Company, the leading business providing distribu­

tion of high-quality products, is looking for genuine tal ents to boost the com­
pany's development worldwide.
Distributor Sales Manager
Responsibilities : developing sales plans ; directing sales operations; con­
Responsibilities
tacting foreign compan ies
college degree or higher; abil ity to use accounting soft­
Requirements ware and excellent compiling skil ls; language competence
- business English and Japanese
Application : down load the application form at the company website
How to a pply --.... and e-mail it to recruit@worldwide. com . No application
form wil l be accepted after October 24.

Questions: 1 . What(POsition)is being advertised?

'-----< Key word
(A) Sales manager (B) Del ivery man

2. What is NOT a requirement or the position?

Key word
(A) Qual ifications (B) Driver's l icense (C) Computer ski lls (D) Foreign language

3. How ca n people a pply for the position?

Key word
(A) By phone (B) By e-ma i l

Analyzing:
1 . Identify the key word positi o n i n the question. Hints for the answer can b e found at the beginning of
the advertisement through the section Vaca n cy. Choice (A) Sales manager is the correct answer.
2. Read the question and identify this is a NOT question based on the word NOT Identify the key word
req uirement in the question. Hints for the answer can be found in the middle of the reading passage.
Choice (A) Qualifications is a restatement of college degree or higher; choice (C) Computer skills is
a restatement of ability to use accounting software and excellent compiling skills ; choice (D) For­
eign language is expressed by language competence - business English and Japanese . Choice
(8) Driver's license is not mentioned in the reading passage ; therefore, it is the correct answer.
3. Identify the key word apply for and the question word How. This question asks about the method
or the procedure to apply for the position advertised . Hints for the answer can be found at the end
of the advertisement, download the application form at the company website and e-mail it to
[email protected] ; then , choice (8) By e-mail is the correct answer.

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 5 5

 Practice pa ra ph rasing the fol l owing sentences by choosing the
correct optio n .

0 1 The Internet i s a n inexpensive means o f advertising.

= A website is a way to promote your business.
(A) creative (B) low-cost

02 All of our monitors are guaranteed to last more than ten years.
= Our displays are well made and extremely
(A) d u rable (B) releva nt

03 To make up for the drop in profits, the company fired 30 workers last quarter.
= The company _ employees last quarter.
(A) hi red (B) dismissed

04 We are seeking those who have acquired broad experience in the service industry.
= Those who have experience in the hospitality industry will be welcomed.
(A) expensive (B) extensive

01 inexpensive [inikspensiv] 03 make up 04 seek [si:k]

means [mi:nz] d rop [drop] acquire [akwaiar]
promote [pram6ut] profit [profit] broad [br:i:d]
02 guarantee [greranti:] fire [faiar] hospitality industry
last nrest] quarter [kw5:rtar] extensive [ikstensiv]
d isplay [displei] dismiss [dismis]
durable [djuarabl]
relevant [relavant]

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0 5 We offer the most competitive prices in the automobile industry.
(A) We provide high-q uality and low-p rice auto transport service.
(B) Compared to most car compan ies, our prices are quite low.

06 The product will be sold across the country on October 1 5 .

(A) The p roduct will be availa ble nationally in the middle of October.
(B) By the second week of October, the product will be sold out.

07 Researchers will primarily work in the office, but some fieldwork will be required.
(A) Researchers have to work outside of the office at ti mes.
(B) Researchers a re requi red to do fieldwork after completi ng thei r office work.

08 S-Mart stores will now be open 24 hours a day in order to better serve their customers.
(A) To improve service, S-Mart wi l l be open around the cloc k.
(B) Poor service has led S-Mart to extend its hours.

05 competitive [kampetativ] 07 primarily [praimerali] 08 in order to

quality [kw6lati] fieldwork [fi:ldwa:rk] im prove [impru:v]
tra nsport [tramspJ:rt] require [rikwaiar] around the clock
compare [kampear] at times lead [li:d]
06 across the country complete [kampli:t] extend [ikstend]
available [aveilabl]
nationally [nrefanali]
be sold out

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 57

 Question 9 refers to the fol l owing adve rtisement .
IDD

Smith Fa lls Apa rtments have two spacious bed rooms, a s u n ny l iving room, bath rooms
with both a tub and shower, and a ful ly-equ i pped kitchen. Our a men ities i n c l u d e a swi m­
m i ng pool, a fitness center, and a laundromat. There is plenty of parki ng nea rby. The
maintenance costs of the complex are i ncluded i n the rent. In order to become a tenant,
a $2,000 secu rity deposit and a recom mendation from a p revi ous l a n dlord a re req u i red.

09 What is bei ng advertised?

(A) A parking area
(B) An apartment com plex
(C) A busi ness space

Question 10 refers to the fol lowing advertisement.

Alfredo's, western Canada's favorite Ita l i an restau ra nt chain, is looking for regional man­
agers to help with its expansion into two new provin ces. All regional managers wi l l be
based at our corporate headq uarters in Calgary, but wi l l be asked to travel extensive­
ly throughout the country. Qual ified applica nts m ust be proficient in both Engl ish a n d
French and u nderstand t h e market d ifferences a mong t h e va rious regions o f Canada. A
m i n i m u m of three years of experience i n the hospita lity i n d u stry is preferred.

1 O What is stated as a requirement for the job?

(A) A sense of hospital ity
(B) Proof of residence in Calgary
(C) Fluency i n two languages

09 equ i p [ikwip] landlord [Mndl:>:rd] proficient [prafifant]

amenity [amenati] 1 O regional [ri:d3anl] hospita l ity industry
mai ntenance [meintanans] expansion [iksprenJan] preferred [prifa:rd]
rent [rent] base [beis] proof [pru:fl
tenant [tenant] headquarters [hedkw:i:rtarz] residence [rezadans]
security deposit extensively [ikstensivli] fl uency [fhi :ansi]
recommendation [rekamendeiJan] qua lified [kwalafaid]

1 58 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

1 1 What is one of the stated job responsi bil ities? 1 2 What is N OT a requirement for this job?
(A) G iving instructions to the technical staff (A) Proficiency i n a foreign language
(B) Su pervising the operational d ivision (B) A un iversity degree
(C) Mainta i n i ng the factory's faci l ities (C) Related experience
(D) Providing technical i nformation to clients (D) Excellent interpersonal ski lls

Answers: p. 382

1 1 search [sa:rtj] issue [ifu:) i nstruction [instrAkfan)

1-2 advice [advais) apply for supervise [su:parvaiz]
rega rd i n g [rig6 :rdiIJ] bachelor's degree m a i nta i n [meintein]
manufactu red goods field [fi:ld] proficiency [prafifansi]
operational [apareifanl] prefer [prifa:r] related [rileitid]
d ivision [divi3an] reward i n g [riw5:rdiIJ] interpersonal [lntarpa:rsnal]
solution [sahi:fan] state [steit]
be expected to + V responsibility lrispansabilati]

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Sta rt Reading - 1 59

1 60 www.nhantriviet.com
 0
Day 3 Wee k 2

Grammar
[ Pa rt of Speech ] Verbs
01 Verb Forms
02 I ntra nsitive Verbs and Transitive Verbs

Vocabulary
Verbs ( 3 )

Reading
Notices / Annou ncements

www.nhantriviet.com 1 61
 [Part of Speech ] Verbs

Y Fun with Basic Grammar

Verb forms Five forms of a verb

eat - ate - eate n - eati n g

The verb eat ca n ta ke severa l verb forms,

such as eat - ate - eaten - eati n g .

A v e r b can have five forms. Types of verbs

Intransitive
Verbs

Five forms of a reg u l a r verb

Any verb can have five form s : the base form , the t h i rd person singular, the past form , the past
participle, and the present participle. Example:

Base Form bare infinitive attend

Th i rd Person Singu l a r bare infinitive + - ( e) s attends
Past Form bare infinitive + -ed attended
Past Participle bare infinit ive + -ed attended
Present Partici ple bare infin itive + -ing attending

• The verb be: be - is (but I am a nd You/plural subject a re) - was/were - been - being.
• The suffix -eel is added to reg u la r verbs to form the past form a nd the past partici ple; i rreg u l a r verbs
have thei r own forms of the past a nd past pa rtici ple.

� Write the correct forms of the fol l owing verb.

inspect
� (A) Past participle ( B) Third person sing u lar (C) Present participle

V
� � Past participle is formed by adding -eel, thi rd person singula r by adding - ( e}s, and present participle by
adding -ing to the bare infinitive.
� Answer: (A) inspected; (B) inspects; (C) inspecting
§,. ==--=::- o -=--=- 0 ==--=- 0 ==--==- o ==--c::::::. O ==--:=: ,o,-=--c:=:: 0 � o ==--=- o ==-c=. -0 � :.:.::::=---=- =---== -=--= �

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 I ntra nsitive verbs a n d transitive ve rbs
Look at this example: / jumped.

The sentence is complete and meaningful. Verbs that do not need (an) object (s) and the mean­
ing is complete (e.g. j u m p) are known as intransitive verbs.

On the other hand, / love is not a complete sentence. It needs an object to complete the mean­
ing. Verbs which must be followed by (an) object (s) (e.g. love) are called transitive verbs.

Mr. Morgan / arrived .

Intransitive verb

The company/ manufactures/ cellular phones .

Transitive verb Object

r � E � O � o =-= o =-= O =-= =-= O =-= o =-= o =-= � =-= o=-: 0 =-= o =-=
What kind of verb is the underli ned word?
1

V Naco, Inc. established a foreign b ranch.

0 0
V
n
l�
�
0
( A ) I ntransitive verb ( B ) Tra nsitive verb

The verb established is followed by the object a foreign bra nch .

==--== o -=--= o =--=- =--=- -=--== • -==----=== .==--=:::::- o �
Answer: ( B ) �
::-c:=: o � o ==--=- o-� o =-c::=::
0

-=-c:::: O"'.J

www.n h a ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 63

01 Verb Forms

(i Base fo rm
The base form of a verb (or bare infinitive) is used after some subjects (e.g. I , you , we, they)
excluding the third person singular subjects to express a meaning in the present. This form of
verb can also come after most auxiliary verbs.

Third person singular (X) Bare infinitive (0)

Jan e / should (�.�) /the report.

Present Bare infinitive (0)

!/ (speaking,�) / E nglish /well.

participle (X)

(I) Th ird person si ngu l a r

A verb that follows a third person singular subject (e. g. h e , s h e , it) and expresses a meaning in
the present must be in the third person singular form.

Bare infinitive (X) Third person singular (0)

He / (�.�) /a g rowth / i n sales.

(I) Past form

When a verb expresses a meaning in the past, it has the past form whatever subjects come
before it (except the verb be: I / singular subject - was, you / pl u ral subject - were) .

Third person singular (X) Past form (0)

Tod d / (reeeives,� / a prize / last week.

� Past participle a n d present participle

When a verb follows the verb b e , it has the past participle or present participle form. When
following the auxiliary verb have, a verb must be in the past participle form.

Bare infinitive (X) Present participle (0)

She/� (reaa, � / a book.

Bare infinitive (X) Past participle (0)

The broken printer/was (fuf,9).

Bare infinitive (X) Past participle (0)

We/ have (btly, @) / a new car.

1 64 - Hackers TOEIC Sta rt Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 . .
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

01 We should (paid, pay) this bill by next week.

02 We have (provide, provided) financial services since 2000.

03 The senior accountant is (ask, asking) for a higher salary.

04 It was (announced, announce) today that the CEO has resigned.

05 No one can (predict, prediction) the stock market.

06 Our company will (attend, attendant) the 201 4 International Symposium.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

07 The employee cafeteria __ excellent 09 New equipment was __ to improve the

meals at reasonable prices. quality of our products.
(A) serve (C) serving (A) use (C) used
(8) serves ( D) server (8) uses (D) to use

08 To gain access to the company site, you 1 O Several newspapers have __ the deci­
must __ the password that was sent to sion to build a factory abroad in order to
you by e-mail. reduce costs.
(A) entering (C) enters (A) criticize (C) critica l
(8) entered (D) enter (B) criticized (D) criticizing

Answers: p. 382

02 financial [fainrenJall 07 cafeteria [krefatfaria] 1 0 decision [disf3an]

03 accountant [akauntant] reasonable [ri:zanabl] abroad [abro:d]
04 resign [rizain] 08 access [rekses] i n order to
05 stock market 09 i m prove [impni:v] red uce [ridju:s]
06 sympos i u m [simp6uziam] q u a l ity [kw6lati] cost [k:i:st]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 65

 "

Q2 . · )nt'r;��\tive Verbs and Transitive Verbs

d' �- ;•--� �!!1'(�-r-1., r-r ' f

_ i r ..
- ·_. , •
1

-�\��,,._ ,,.._;#.,.1 � \.. -�•� I , , , , , . • .l,1 _

(I} I ntra nsitive verb + preposition + object

An intrans itive verb must have a preposition before taking an object. Below are some common
i ntransitive verbs followed by prepositions .

account for depend on partic i pate in

agree to / with /on d iffer from react to
care for listen to speak to
dea l with object to talk a bout

J a n e / (participated, � / a piano contest.

c:> The intransitive verb participate cannot immediately be followed by an object. It needs the preposition in
coming before its object.

His proposa l / (aiffefs,� /the previous one.

c:> Differ is an intransitive verb, so it needs to be followed by the preposition from.

(I Tra nsitive verb + � + o bject

A transitive verb must i mmediately be fol lowed by its object . Below are some common tran si ­
t ive verbs which are wrongly used by learners .

access - access to (X) discuss - discuss about (X)

accompany - accompany with (X) emphasize - emphasize on (X)
approach - approach to (X) expla i n - explai n about (X)
approve - approve fo r (X) i nterview - i nterview with (X)
check - check of (X) oppose - oppose to (X)
contact - co ntact with (X) reach - reach at (X)

Our tea m / (discussed about, � /the n ew advertiseme nt.

c:> The transitive verb discuss does not need any prepositions after it.

Bri a n / (e><plained about, � / h is p l a n / to the m a n ager.

c:> The transitive verb explain does not need any prepositions after it.

1 66 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com

 Choose one correct option in the pa rentheses.
IDB
0 1 This website gives information on how to (care, care for) pets.

02 The client (objected, opposed) to the changes in the new contract.

03 Staff members (speak, approach) their supervisors when they have questions.

04 Larry Burke will (accompany, accompany with) Mr. Rogers to the negotiations.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

0 5 The company wants the warehouse personnel 06 At the meeting, we will __ with the
to __ for the missing inventory. improper use of company telephones.
(A) interview (C) account (A) emphasize (C) contact
(B) approve (D) explain (B) check (D) deal

-
07
08
Q uestions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowing memorandum.

I am quite surprised that only 20 percent of the staff have signed up for the Leadership
Training Seminar. I expected more interest. Our keynote speaker, Harry S m ith, will __
07 (A) discuss (C) talk
(8) oppose (D) check

about creative thinking. The title of his presentation is " H ow to Think Differently in the
Workplace" . The session will be a great start to the seminar. Also, the CEO has __
08 (A) made (C) makes
(8) make (D) to make

the Leadership Training Seminar a compulsory course. Therefore, please register for the
training course right now!

Answers: p. 382

01 pet [pet] personnel [pa:rsanel] creative [krieitiv]

02 client [klaiant] inventory [invant:>:ri] com pulsory [kamp,Osari]
contract [kontrrekt] 06 im proper [impropar] reg ister [red3istar]
03 supervisor [su :parvaizar] 07 sign up
04 negotiation [nigoujieifan) OB expect [ikspekt]
05 warehouse [wearhaus] keynote [ki:nout]

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 67

 Verbs (3)

Effective or Not?

Our department manager has n o t i f i e d that from

next month onwards , any employees who get a TOEIC
score of 600 or higher can obta i n a free parking permit.

After graduation from high school , I have hardly

read an English book, although I once rep rese nted
my class at an English speaking contest and won the
first prize. I have, then, made a plan that my three col­
leagues and I will study together. Our aim is to earn a
possible high score. To be able to achieve our goal,
we have set our own rule: "Late arrival will be p u n ished . "

Every day, our department manager keeps rem i n d ­

i n g u s that the parking fee which i s worth several hun­
dred dollars a month will not be paid if we succeed.

We determine that, with hard work and a few hours

of sleep per day, we may achieve a targeted TOEIC
score of more than 650.

We daily spend long hours studying long lists of

TOEIC vocabulary, but we w o n d e r why we can eas­
ily forget them the next day. Are we learning English
effectively?

obtain ... noti

rese ... nt ...

1 68 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Day 3 Week 2 ''
: .
l ;J
.. :
�,,- � j_;��i,j'�:.�p; t,t ., ,,,q ? \ n.; -Y' ~ - ' • � � , ,., :;,J,, ,.,,w
" '�&� * � �' ,.,,,..,, '� '"'

Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

01 Laptop computers (represent , develop, benefit) a significant advance in technology.

02 Necessary measures were taken in order to (review, avoid, renew) financial deficits.

03 The company (believes, hopes, anticipates) a forty percent increase in production.

04 Employees should (obtain , prolong, remind) permission to take a leave.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

■
0 5 The committee will __ to develop strat- 06 The Art Museum __ visitors from taking
egies to promote investments. photographs or talking in a loud voice.
(A) accom pany (C) anticipate (A) prohib its (C) requires
(B) convene (D) acqui re (B) decides (D) avoids

07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following i nformation.

08
Guidel ines for Credit Card Subscribers !

We want to __ all our customers that Credit Card Division requires all subscribers to
07 (A) interest (C) remind
(B) teach (D) present

report changes in address and telephone number immediately. Your contact informa­
tion will only be used to send newsletters and credit card statements. You can __ us
08 (A) attend (C) obtain
(B) notify (D) speak

of your new information in person or by phone during work hours.

Answers: p. 382

01 significa nt [signifikant] 05 comm ittee [kamiti] require [rikwaiar]

adva nce [advrens] strategy [strretad3i] contact i nformation
02 necessary [nesaseri] promote [pram6ut] newsletter [nju:zletar]
measure [me3ar] investment [investmant] statement [steitmant]
deficit [defasit] 07 guideline [goidlain] in person
04 permission [parmiJan] 08 subscriber [sabskraibar] work hours

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 69

 Notices/ Announcements
' ' C

.. In Part 7, reading passages may involve office announcements and public announcements.
.. Typical office announcements are a bout new regulations, a staff training event, equipment . .
maintenance, etc. Public announcements mention some instructions, computer operations,
.. transportation broadcasts, etc.

a,4,j4flmiiffihMJDl'j
Questions related to notices or announcements are usually about the purpose or recipients of
notices or announcements, the possible locations of notices or announcements, the information
related to specific dates, or the requests for those concerned.
Questions about the purpose or recipients of notices or announcements
Typical questions: What is the purpose of the notice?
Who is the notice i ntended for?
Reading strategy: The purpose or intended reader of a notice or an announcement is mainly stated at
the beginning of a reading passage.
Hints for the answer related to the topic or purpose can be found at the beginning
of a reading passage.
Hints that help choose the answer for the question related to the intended reader of
the notice or announcement can be inferred from the whole reading passage. Pay
particular attention to the beginning of the reading passage.

Questions about the information or event related to specific dates in notices or announcements
Typical questions: What will happen on April 19?
What is the subject of the event on September 2?
Reading strategy: Information or an event related to specific dates is often stated in the middle of a
reading passage. Since this is usually an information question, the specific date in
the question is the key word . Hints for the answer can be found in the middle of the
reading passage.
Questions about the requests in notices or announcements
Typical questions: What are recipients of this notice asked to do?
When should Ms. Pablo be contacted?
Reading strategy: Requests in a notice or an announcement often appear at the end of a reading
passage. These are mainly information questions and NOT /TRUE questions . Iden­
tify the key word(s) in the question and then find hints for the answer at the end of
the reading passage.

/ Common expressions used i n n otices or an nouncements -= o=-=o=-=o=-=o=-=o =---= �

� • Purpose of notices or a n nouncements : We are pleased to announce -. �
� • Expression related to specific dates or places : The event will take place at -. �
• • Expression related to requests : If you have any questions, please contact -. .1i'
'Sco .==-c::=- O-===--:=: o :==-=-=. ===--==-o�o =--== -o =---=--o =--==== o =>--== O � o-=--=- o -==---= o � o=--==o41

1 70 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nh antrivi et.com

�
n
The questions below refer to the following announcement.

Residential Area Meeting

The Springfield City government is going to hold a meeting on build ing a gar­
Purpose ---+-1
bage disposal in the local area.
The meeting is going to take place in the hall of the Springfield G rammar
School at 7:00 p.m. Friday, January 8. Some government officials will attend
Specific date, the meeting to explai n this issue in more detail. Residents will have time to
time a nd place discuss possible strengths and weaknesses related to the construction of
the garbage disposal . The meeting agenda together with its results will be
publ icized on the city webs ite on January 1 0.
If you have any questions, please contact the Environment Department ,
Request --.........-l
Springfield City Hall, at 81 0-2833 .

Questions: 1 .� i s the a n no u ncement i nten d ed for?

'----(. Intended reader of the announcement
(A) Local residents (B) City hall staff

2. What will happen on�

� Key word
(A) The construction of the garbage disposal begins.
(B) The meeting results are a n nou nced .

3. What should a person do

Key word
(A) Go to the city hall (B) Make a phone cal l

Analyzing:
1 . The question is about the intended reader of the announcement. The information that helps choose
the answer is inferred from the whole reading passage. As stated at the beginning of the reading pas­
sage, The Springfield City government is going ... local area , and the word Residents in the second
paragraph, it can be inferred that this notice is aimed at the local people in Springfield City. Therefore ,
choice (A) Local residents is the correct answer.
2. This question is about an event related to a specific date mentioned in the announcement. So , Janu­
a ry 10 is the key word that helps locate the information for the answer. As stated in the announce­
ment, The meeting agenda together with its results will be publicized on the city website on January
10, choice (B) The meeting results are announced is the correct answer.
3. The question asks about a certain request - if he has any q u estio n s . The hints related to requests
are mentioned at the end of the reading passage. The announcement says , ff you have any questions,
please contact the Environment Department, Springfield City Hall, at 810-2833; therefore, choice (B)
Make a phone call is the correct answer.

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 7 1

 ·. ., • • · . · Practice para p h rasing the fol l owing sentences by choosing the
correct o ptio n .

0 1 A s requested, the swimming pool will remain open for three extra hours.
= The request to _____ the pool hours of operation has been approved.
(A) extend (B) extract

02 Pre-registration is required to secure a place in the lecture course.

= You need to sign up ___ to ensure a seat in the lecture.
(A) in a hurry (B) in advance

03 If you have a question, please ask a salesperson.

= All should be directed to one of the sales representatives.
(A) inq u i ries (B) concerns

04 Led by Mr. Collins, the seminar on safety procedures at the factory will be held this Friday.
= Mr. Collins will the seminar on the proper use of machinery.
(A) conduct (B) train

01 request [rikwest] s i g n up 04 safety procedu re

rema i n [rimein] ensure [infuar] proper [pr6par]
approve [apni :v] in a hurry conduct [kandAkt]
extend [ikstend] in advance tra i n [trein]
extract [ikstrrekt] 03 direct [direkt]
02 pre-registration [pri:red3istreifan] i n q u i ry [inkwaiari)
secu re [sik:juar] concern [kansa: rn]

1 72 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

0 5 A ban on thi s movie is in effect from February 1 4 u ntil fu rther notice.
(A) It is illegal to watch the movie until Feb ruary 14.
(8) A ban of indefi nite d u ration has been placed on this film.

06 A schedule of the week's events is available to conference attendees on the website.

(A) A conference program can be found on the website.
(8) Attendees may sign up for events on the conference website.

0 7 Due to a server update , there will be an interruption to the online services .

(A) Due to a server error, the online system requi res updating.
(8) A service disruption is expected whi le o u r system is being updated .

08 A $50 non-refu ndable deposit is required to make a reservation at our hotel.

(A) Customers wi l l not get thei r deposit back if they cancel their reservations.
(8) Customers must pay a pena lty of $50 when they cancel their reservations.

05 ban [bam] 06 available [aveilabl] OB non-refundable [nonrif'Andabl]

in effect attendee [atendi:] deposit [dipo zit]
until fu rther notice sign up reservation [rezarveifan]
i l legal [ili:gal] 07 i nterruption Dntaripfan] penalty [penalti]
indefinite [indefanit] disruption [disripfan]
duration [djureifan]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start ReadinQ - 1 73

mma
Qu estion g refe rs to the fo l l owing a n no u n cement.

The 23 rd An n u a l Battl eford Science Fa i r wi l l ta ke place at Riedel U n iversity fro m M ay 1 to

7. The fa i r d raws ove r 3,000 stude nts, pare nts, a n d i n d u stry leaders from Riede l County
each yea r and is i n need of volu nteers. Vol u nteers wi l l orga n ize the awards ceremo ny. In
addition, we need a tea m to ta ke responsi b i l ity for sel l i ng snacks a n d refreshme nts. If you
are i nterested i n vo l u nteeri ng, contact Bob M a rshall, Battl eford Sci ence Fa ir coord inator,
for fu rther i nfo rmation.

09 What is the pu rpose of this an nouncement?

(A) To recruit vol u nteers for the science fa i r
( B ) To provide i nformation on a n awards ceremony
(C) To d raw students to the sc ience fa i r

Question 1 0 refe rs to the fo l l owing a n n o u ncement.

Tickets fo r the performance can be excha nged no later than 48 h o u rs before the time
stated on the tickets. All evening performances wi l l begi n at 8 p . m ., a n d weekend mat­
i n ees sta rt at 2:30 p . m . Au d i ence mem bers are asked to a rrive early, a s l atecomers wi l l
n o t b e a l l owed t o enter t h e concert h a l l . Please be awa re that there is l i m ited pa rking
near the Art Center. Street parki ng is a lso ava i lable for a sma l l fee .

1 0 What is mentioned i n the an nouncement?

(A) Tickets can be purchased online.
(B) There are no afternoon performa nces on weekends.
(C) They may have d ifficu lty fi nding a place to park.

09 take place refreshments [rifreJmants] state [steit)

draw [dro:] coordinator [kou:i:rdaneitar] matinee [mretanei)
volunteer [volantiar] recru it [rilmi:t] aware [awear]
award [aw:i:rd] 1 o exchange [ikstfeind3l lim ited [limitid]
take responsibil ity for no later than

1 7 4 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n ha ntriviet.com

.,.........,_,._ Questio n s 1 1 -1 2 refe r to the fo l lowi ng notice .

1 1 What is N OT a stated feature of the 1 2 What should employees do it they are

company's on-site classes? i nterested i n attending a class?
(A) They wi l l awa rd un iversity cred its. (A) Ca l l the HR Department
(B) They wi l l save staff time by m i n i mizi ng (B) Ask for their supe rvisors' approva l
travel time. (C) Contact the un iversity
(C) They wi l l be avai lable at no charge . (D) Obtain a document
(D) They a re run by a u niversity.

Answers: p. 382

1 1 on -site [5:nsait] cred it [kreditl H R Department

1-2 beneficial [benafifal] completion [kampli:fan] featu re [fi:tfar]
reduce [ridju :s] accounting [akauntiiJ] minimize [minamaiz]
unnecessary [lnnesaseri] administration [adminastreifan] ru n [rAll]
commuting [kamju :tiiJ] take a class approval [apru :val]
enrollment fee reg istration [red3istreifan] obta i n [abtein]

www.nh a ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 7 5

1 76 www.nhantriviet.com
 Day 4 Wee k 2

Grammar
[Verb] Subject-Verb Ag reement
0 1 Subject-Verb Ag reement - S i n g u l a r Subject a n d S i ng u l a r Verb
02 Subject-Verb Ag reement - P l u ra l Subject a n d P l u ra l -Verb
03 S u bject-Verb Agreement - Spec i a l Cases

Vocabulary
Verbs (4)

Reading
Articles / Reviews

www.nh antriviet.com 1 77
 · [Verb] Subject-Verb Agreement

� Fun with Basic Grammar

What i s the subject-verb ag reement?

A mon key si ngs.

Singular subject Singular verb
l� I)
Mon keys sing.
Plural subject Plural verb

When a subject is in the singular 'form, its verb must be in the singular form. When a subject
is in the plural form, its verb must a lso be in the plural form. The ma i n verb in a sentence must
ag ree with its subject.

Si ngu lar su bject a n d p l u ra l s u bject

A singular subject refers to one person or thing and is preceded by the article a / a n , whereas a
plural subject refers to two or more people or things and is followed by the suffix -(e) s .

Singular Subject one person or thing a hotel, an expert

Plura l Subject two or more people or things hotels, experts

A hotel/ is / near the ai rport.

Singular subject

Experts / give/ advice / on i n vesti n g strateg ies.

Plural subject

r e IE E'.. l o --= o=--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--= o =--=

Which of the fol lowing is the singular subject? 1

0 0
( B ) Articles ( ) Computers ( D ) � job
� ( A ) A report � �
o ¢ A singu lar su bject refers to one person or thing and 1s preceded by the article a/an. o

l Answer: (A), CD) J

==--== O --==--= O :==---=:: o-==---=o � o=--= o =--= -o==--= • =--=O==--== o�o� o � o-==--==

1 78 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Day 4 : week 2
. .• •.�.•�..,_,._ i ,.. . . . .. . . .

Si ngu l a r verb a n d p l u ra l verb

A verb must be in the singular form when it is used with a singular subject and is formed by
adding the suffix -(e)s to its base form. A verb must be in the plural form when used with a plural
subject, and it takes the bare infinitive form . The difference between singular and plural verb
forms just occurs in the present simple tense. In the past simple tense, the two verb forms remain
the same (except the verb be) .

Singu l a r Verb th i rd person singular sells, plans

Pl u ral Verb bare infinitive sell, plan

The product /sells/well.

Singular verb

Workers / plan /to stri ke.

r 1
Plural verb

¢, t ( \f. CJ --= 0 =-= 0 =-= O =-= O =-= O =-= O =-= O =-= 0 =-= §=-= 0 =-= 0 =-=
Put the verb in the parentheses in the correct form.
o The results (show) a great improvement. 0

� � The plural verb has the bare infinitive form.

�= -= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-=0 =-= 0 =-= 0=-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-c: O =-= J
Answer: show �

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 79

 Subject-Verb Agreement - Singu lar Su bject
0l and Singu_l ar: V�rb
:;: * ::: ::: ::: ::: ::: :.: :,: :1: :.: :.: ::: :.:

.:• A girl (pick, picks) berries. -::-

.�..
..... Si nce the subject girl is i n the si ngula r form, its verb must be in the singular
•· -::-
-:-:- form (picks) so that the sentence has the su bject-verb ag reement.
� 0 � � � � 8 0 � � 0 � � �

(I Singu lar counta ble nouns

When the subject o f a sentence is a singular countable noun, its verb must b e i n the singular form.

The company / i ntends/to open a local branch .

Singular Singular verb
countable noun

Uncountable nouns
When the subject o f a sentence is a n uncountable noun, its verb must b e i n the singular form .
Th is furn iture/arrives /fully asse mbled .
Uncountable Singular verb
noun

(I) Other expressions used as nouns

Gerunds, to- infinitives, or noun clauses can function as the subjects of sentences and always
go with singular verbs.

Watc h i n g soccer/ makes / me / excited .

Gerund Singular verb

That John will leave/ � / shocking .

N oun clause Singular verb

(I) each / every + singular noun

When the subject i s each / every + singular nou n , its verb must b e i n the si ngular form.
Each house / has/two bed rooms.
Each + S ingular verb
singular noun

Every citizen / pays / i ncome taxes.

Every + Singular verb
singular noun

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 Da y 4 Week 2
12,
'

. .
Choose one correct o ption i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 Holding the conference in our hotel (are, is) advantageous to your company.

02 The requested document (has, have) not yet arrived.

03 Access to this file (are, is) limited to authorized personnel .

04 Each report (contains, contain) information on key economic indicators.

05 That Mr. Smith was absent from work (were, was) surprising.

06 The editor (want, wants) to change the layout of the newspaper.

------ Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owi ng sentences.

07 The firm __ profit increases with the 09 This chemical __ only approved for use
new marketing strategy. in animal foods.
(A) a nticipate (C) are anticipated (A) was (C) has
(B) anticipates (D) anticipating (B) were (D) have

08 Obtaining a good job __ difficult due 1 O Every area manager __ required to visit
to the economic situation. all the offices under his management once
(Al have remained (C) remain a week.
(B) are remaining (D) remains (A) is (Cl were
(B) are (D) have

Answers: p. 383

01 advantageous [redvanteid3as] 05 absent [rebsant) 08 obta i n [abtein]

02 request [rikwest] 06 layout [leiaut) economic situation
03 access [rekses) 07 firm [fa: rm] 09 chem ica l [kemikal]
limited [limitid] profit [profit) approve [apni :v)
authorized [5:0araizd) strategy [strretad3i] 1 0 management [mrenid ;µn ant)
04 indicator [indikeitar)

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readina - 1 81

02 Su. bJ�,Ct�Veib AgYeement - Plural Su bject
_ :� _an d�B l u ra l Ve r g��. :- --- ~· -··-L ., _ . . _ ... -· • - •-

� P l u ra l cou ntable nouns

When the subject of a sentence is a plural cou ntable noun , its verb must be in the plural form.

The students / expect/the weather will be fi ne.

Plural Plural verb
countable noun

(I Two subjects
When two subjects are joi ned by the conj unction a nd , their verb must be in the pl ural form.

Jack and I / a re ta king / an accounti ng class.

Two subjects Plural verb

(l) severa l / many / a few + plura l noun

When the su bject o f a sentence is preceded by seve ra l / ma ny / a few, its verb must b e in the
plural form.
Severa l books / a re / o n the desk.
Several + Plural verb
plural noun

Many workers / co m m ute /to work / by bus,

Many + plural n o u n Plural verb

A few mach i n es / need / ma i ntenance,

A few + plural noun Plural verb

1 82 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

 Choose one correct o ption i n the parentheses.

01 The applicants (have, has) plenty of experience in foreign trade.

02 Many offices (instruct, instructs) employees about what to do in case of fire.

03 The survey forms (was, were) not filled out completely.

04 The headquarters and the branch office (plan , plans) to reorganize some divisions.

05 A few reports (provides, provide) accurate data on the current market.

06 Our facilities (are, is) available for family and company events every weekend.

--�- Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.

07 The company and the striking workers 09 The government __ taking significant
__ to a settlement. measures to promote the export of domes­
(A) has agreed (C) have agreed tic goods.
(B) agrees (D) agreei ng (A) been (C) have
(B) is (D) has
08 The cellphone charges for local calls
__ discounted for the first month. 1 0 Several candidates __ at least two
(A) has (C) is foreign languages fluently.
(B) was (D) are (A) speak (C) has spoken
(B) speaks (D) was spoken

Answers: p. 383

01 a p pl icant [repli.kant] reorganize [ri:5:rganaiz] 08 charge [tfo :rd3l

plenty of d ivision [divi3an] 09 measure [me3ar]
foreign [f5:ran] 05 accurate [rekjurat] domestic [damestik]
02 in case of 06 facility [fasilati] 1 o fluently [fl u :antli]
03 fi l l out ava i lable [aveilabl]
04 headquarters [hedkw:i: rtarz] 07 striking [straikii]]
branch [brrent.1] settlement [setlmant]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 83

0�3 Subject-Verb Agreement - Specia l Cases

The people i n t h e boat (has, have) a padd le.

The subject of this sentence is people (plu ral), not boat (singular); therefore, the
pl u ral verb have is the correct choice. When a nou n is followed by a prepositiona l
phrase, it is i m portant to look at this noun to decide whether it is the singular or
plu ral subject.

(I) Modifiers between s u bject and verb

Modifiers coming between the subject and its verb do not affect the subject-verb agreement.

The letter/ [from my friends) / (make, � / me / happy.

Singular noun Modifier Plural Singular
verb (X) verb (OJ

The paintings / [at the museum) / (attraets,� /tourists.

Plural noun Modifier Singular Plural
verb (X) verb (OJ

(I> most / all / some / half / the rest + of + the + noun

I f a noun i s singular o r u ncountable, its verb must be i n the singular form . I f a noun i s plural , its
verb must be in the plural form .

m ost/ all/ some / Si ngular/ Uncountable noun ____ Singular verb

+ of + the + �
half/the rest Plural noun ____ Plural verb

Most of the sem inar/ (were, @} /for new em ployees.

Singular noun Plural Singular
verb (X) verb (0)

Some of the firms / (disagrnes, � / with the pol icy.

Plural noun Singular Plural
verb (X) verb (0)

The rest of the papers / (ts,@ / i n the d rawer.

Plural noun Singular Plural
verb (X) verb (0)

1 84 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

01 All of the old magazines (is, are) available at a discounted price.

02 Some of the executives (refuse, refuses) to reduce expenditures on advertising.

03 The competition between low-cost airlines (has, have) increased.

04 Senior employees in the wo�kplace (know, knows) less about computers.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

05 The rest of the guests for the Best Employ­ 06 Some of the pens in the shipment __
ee Award __ to arrive after 7:00 p.m. faulty parts and cannot be used.
(A) expects (C) a re expected (A) has (C) was
(B) expecting (D) is expected (B) is (D) have

07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowing letter.

08
Dear Mr. Woods,
Half of the employees in the system maintenance department __ recently. We think
07 (A) have quit (C) quitting
(B) was quit (D) quits

that dissatisfaction with their jobs __ the cause. Therefore, we would like to involve
08 (A) are (C) were
(B) is (D) have

employees in decision-making by having monthly meetings with management. Also,

they will be granted stock options beginning next month. We believe these steps can

Answers: p. 383

01 ava i lable [aveilabl] 06 faulty [fa:lti] stock option

02 executive [igzekjutiv] 07 maintenance [meintanans] retai n [ritein]
expenditure [ikspenclitfar] 08 dissatisfaction [dlssootisfrekfan]
03 com petition [kompatifan] decision-making
low-cost [16uk:i:st] grant [groont]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 85

 t. '
• I

Verbs (4) . . .. ' . . '.

'

,� <c:.i'- ,1 11 • � -• ��•• 1 I =- J ,1..Jc 's-'..-_ , ., , _,J ;,,.::.,_,;" ;u_~ )!.. :S:� �� .:m,,J�:,t.....J:,�,r�;-�clLf,L• .!, ��,:k, .......... J., �

N utrition

Humans, unlike many other ani­

mals, are omnivores. We req u i re both
vegetable matter and meat to be
fully healthy (although some humans
manage to su rvive reasonably healthily whilst con­
suming no animal products at all, finding their pro­
tein mainly in nuts and seeds. To ca rry o u t its many
complicated functions, the human body requires
different chemicals and substances. All of the nutri­
tion we take in can be put in one of seven categories.
These are carbohydrates, proteins, fibre, minerals,
vitamins, fats, and water.

Carbohydrates p rovi d e the body with energy.

Proteins a llow the body to repair itself and grow.

Fibre a i d s the digestive system .

Minerals and vitamins are required for many rea­

sons. Deficiencies in any vitamin or m ineral can lead
to illnesses. Vitamins are essential for normal g rowth
and development.

Fats are often unnecessary, and many are bad for

you. The body does not need to take in most fats, but
the fatty acids omega-3 and omega-6 are necessary.

Water accou nts fo r around 70% in the body. If water

is not consumed, the body will dehydrate. The body
loses water in excretion , sweating and breathing.

It is a dv i s e d that you should have a balanced

diet, taking in food from each of the food groups, in
proportion.

1 86 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

01 Higher fuel prices will (affect, announce, contact) the automobile industry.

02 It is dangerous to invest in stocks that can (develop, decrease, delete) in value.

03 We (prolonged, differed, changed) the name of our product two years ago.

04 Studies (indicate, evaluate, review) that people learn more through group activities.

05 The program provides qualified employees 06 An interview is conducted to __ a can­

with the opportunity to __ their skills didate's suitability as a potential employee.
and knowledge. (A) object (C) challenge
(A) convene (C) distract (B) evaluate (D) a l l eviate
(B) lift (D) broaden

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowing letter.

Dear valued Wood & Noble customers,

Wood & Noble is pleased to __ a year-end event to be held at all Wood & Noble
07 (A) express (C) announce
(B) note (D) answer

outlets. We are offering a 60 percent discount starting next Monday. Our collection of
home decorations includes dinner tables, wooden lamps, and other decorative items.
Please do not hesitate to __ us for more information.
08 (A) advise (C) contact

Answers: p. 383

01 fuel [fjual] opportunity [opartju:nati] decoration [dekareifan]

02 invest [invest] 06 conduct [kandAkt) include [inklu:d]
stock [stok] suita b i l ity [su :tabilati) decorative [dekarativ]
va lue [va\lju:] potentia I [patenfal] hesitate [hezateit]
04 study [stAdi] 07 valued [va\lju:d]
05 provide A with B 08 year-end Llfarend]
qualified [kw6 lafaid) collection [kalekfan]

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 87

 Articles/ Reviews

In Part 7, read i ng passages may be in the form of newspa per a rticles or reviews. These main-
. . ly discuss national i ndustries, corporate trends, nature conservation, energy saving, etc. Be- ..
sides, i nformation related to daily life such as news a bout movies or performances, restaura nt
.. ratings is also the topics of a rticles or reviews.

a¢,i4titi•itfitfr/P10!\&jitii
Questions concerning articles or reviews usually ask about the topic or main idea of an article
or a review, specific details, or true/ false information.

Questions about the topic or mai n idea of an article or a review

Typical questions: What is the main idea / topic of the a rticle?
What is the article mai n ly about?
Reading strategy: The topic or main idea is mai nly stated at the beg inning of a reading passage.
As this is a topic/main idea question, hints for the correct answer can be found at
the beginning of a read ing passage.

Questions about the specific details in an article or a review

Typical questions: Accord ing to the article, what will happen i n ten yea rs?
What is N OT mentioned as an adva ntage of recruiti ng on l i ne?
Reading strategy: Find the key word (s) in the question, then locate relevant information in a reading
passage.
As this is an information or a NOT /TRUE question , it is important to, first , identify the
key word(s) in the question , and then locate relevant information in a reading passage.

Questions about the true/ false information in an article or a review

Typical questions: What is mentioned in the article?
What is NOT stated in the article?
Reading strategy: Identify the key words in the given answer choices, then locate relevant information
in a reading passage.
As this is a NOT /TRUE question , you need to compare each of the answer choices
with information in a reading passage. In case of NOT question, choose the answer

f
choice which is d ifferent from the detai ls presented in a read ing passage; however,
in case of TRU E question , choose the choice that matches the reading passage.
Common words used in economic artic les / reviews=- 0 =-= 0 =-=�=-= 0 =-= � =-== 0 =-=1
analyst bankru ptcy capita l . com petitive
interest rate fi nancial crisis fiscal year flourish
o headquarters legal M & A ( merger and acquisition) recession o
� monopoly net profit productivity pred ict
shareholder stock market subsidiary company �
,._
� -=--== o � o =>-=:: o � o '==--:=: ==-c= -=--c:::. =--==- o -=--:::::::. -=--==• -=---=o � o � o ==--= �A

1 88 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com

 The questions below refer to the following article.

When winter is approaching, the American middle class gets concerned about their
Topic ---+-1 gas bills. Last week, the Energy Management Bureau claimed that gas bills are go­
ing to increase dramatically this winter
This increase results from the increase in crude oil prices worldwide, difficulties in
natural gas supply, and the meteorological forecast of this year's lower tempera­
ture (in comparison with that of last year) . The worries about crude oil production
Detailed in the Gulf of Mexico, the United States, who is having a difficult time as a result
content
of a recent storm, not seeming to recover soon , are spreading out, which in turn
raises the oil prices more and more. Experts advise that people should tightly
close all windows or narrow chinks 1n the doors of their houses to minimize heat
escape, which can help save about 20% of their gas bills.

Questions: 1 . What is the a rticle�

�pie
(A) Increase in gas bills (B) Increase in d a ily expenses
2. What do�people to do?
� Key word
(A) Open windows during this time (B) Keep heat inside the house
3. Which of the following is� in the a rticle?
�ey word
(A) Temperature is likely to fall. (C) C rude oil production in the Gulf
(B) The world oil prices increase. of Mexico is interrupted .
(D) Crude oil supply meets difficulties.

Analyzing:
1 . The topic or main idea of the article is stated at the beginning of the article. Hints for the correct answer
can be found in Last week, the Energy Management Bureau claimed that gas bills are going to in­
crease dramatically this winter. Therefore, choice (A) Increase in gas bills is the correct answer.
2. This question focuses on specific information with such key words as experts, advise . Locate the key
words experts, advise in the reading passage and find hints for the correct answer. The article states,
Experts advise that people should tightly close all windows or narrow chinks in the doors of their
houses to minimize heat escape, which can help save about 20% of their gas bills . Therefore , choice
(B) Keep heat inside the house is the correct answer.
3. This question requires your understanding of the whole reading passage. You need to check each of
the answer choices with the relevant information in the passage. Choice (A) is mentioned in the reading
passage under the meteorological forecast of this year's lower temperature . Choice (B) is mentioned
under the increase in crude oil prices worldwide . Choice (D) is mentioned in difficulties in natural gas
supply. It is stated in the article that crude oil production in the Gulf of Mexico not seeming to recover
soon , but not Crude oil production in the Gulf of Mexico is interrupted; thus, choice (C) is the correct
answer.

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 1 89

 Practice para p h rasing the fol l owing sentences by choosing the
correct option .

0 1 The hotel has recently renovated one hundred guest suites.

= Many guest suites at the hotel have recently been _____
(A) l eased (8) remodeled

0 2 The number of people living in Harborfront has grown lately.

= Harborfront has had a recent rise in __ ___
(A) population (8) popula rity

03 Cold weather leads to higher heating costs.

= Heating costs ____ as the tem peratu re outsi de decreases .
(A) d ivide (8) rise

04 The dangers of cigarettes are emphasized in the posters.

= The posted signs ____ people of the risk of smoking.
(A) wa rn (B) endanger

01 recently [ri:sntli] population [popjuleifan] risk [risk]

renovate [renaveit] popularity [popjulrerati] warn [wo: rn]
suite [swi :t] 03 lead Oi:d] endanger [indeind3ar]
lease Di:s] temperature [temparatfar]
remodel [rl:m6dl] decrease [dikri:s]
02 lately Oeitlil 04 emphasize [emfasaiz]
rise [raiz] post [poust]

1 90 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

05 Caltrex is best known for its healthy relationship with its staff .
(A) Caltrex is famous for mainta i n i ng good employee relations.
(8) Caltrex is very satisfied with its famous employees.

06 The Pearl Group is headquartered in Tokyo.

(A) The fi rst branch office of the Pearl Group is esta bl ished i n Tokyo .
(8) The m a i n office of the Pearl Group is situated i n Tokyo.

07 Economists attributed the economic recovery to the state's l owering of interest rates.
(A) I n response to the stronger economy, the government deci ded to change i nterest rates.
(8) The economy i m proved because the government reduced interest rates .

08 Costa Co . acquired F N B to strengthen its position in the educational software m arket.

(A) FN 8 was purchased by Costa Co. to rei nforce its status in the i ndustry.
(8) Costa Co . bought FN 8 in order to ma ke it the la rgest ma nufacturer in the industry.

05 be known for 07 attribute A to B 08 acq u i re [akwaiar)

maintai n [meintein) recovery [rikA vari) strengthen [streIJk0an)
be satisfied with lower [16uar) rei nforce [rl :inf:S:rs)
06 headq uarter [hedkwo :rtar] interest rate status [steitas]
bra nch [bramtj] in response to manufactu rer [mrenjufrektfarar]
esta blish [ista\blij]
situated [sitfueitid)

www.nhantrivi et.com Hackers TOEIC Start Read ing - 1 9 1

 Question g refers to the fol l owing a rticle.

M ost people i nte rested i n starting a hotel face tough chall enges. The hospital ity ind ustry is
dominated by esta blished international brand n a m es with enormous o perating budgets,
which a re d ifficult to com pete with as an independ ent compa ny. Hote l i n d u stry leader
J a mes Wel l i ngton advises ho pefu l hote l i e rs that their d reams can come true if they ta rget
th e i r n ic h e ma rket a nd co n ce ntrate on d isti ngu ish i ng themselves fro m their competitors.

09 What i s stated as a difficu lty when starting a new hotel?

(A) Ma nagi ng the i r large operating budgets
(8) Competi ng with wel l - known riva ls
(C) Esta bl ish i ng it as an i nternational brand

Question 1 0 refers to the fol lowi ng review.

Vis itors to Lo renzo's Resta u rant i n Palm Spri ngs a re never disappointed. From the decor
to the menu, every deta i l has bee n ca refu l ly considered. The exten s ive menu i n c l u des
Italia n and French dishes, as we l l as the u n ique creations of the owne r, Chef Paolo. The
restau rant specia l izes i n pasta, but featu res so m e stea ks as wel l . Lunch is offered at 1 5
percent off the regu lar p rice. Take a dva ntage of th is offer and try the deli cate risotto or
potato grati n fo r l u n ch.

1 O What is NOT mentioned about the restaurant?

(A) The chef owns it.
(8) Customers can enjoy lunch at reduced prices.
(C) It prepares the day's speci als every day.

09 face [feis] i ndependent [indipendant] feature [fi:tfar]

hospital ity industry niche market take advantage of
dominate [domaneit] concentrate on delicate [delikat]
esta blished [isueblift] disti nguish A from B prepare [pripear]
operating budget 1 O consider [kansidar]
compete [kampi:t) specia lize [spefalaiz)

1 92 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

0 5 I wanted to thank you for meeting with me and letting me express my thoughts.
(A) I appreciate your givi ng me the time to share my ideas with you.
(B) I would like to express my gratitude for your ideas suggested at the meeti ng.

06 It is suggested that the fi lters be changed at least every four months.

(A) The fou r filters need to be replaced .
(B) The filters need to be replaced regularly .

07 If you happen to lose your card , notify our representative at the toll-free number listed.
(A) The compa ny issues a replacement card at no cost.
(B) When a card is lost, customers should call our office at no charge .

08 We are invited to a welcome party for recently hired employees.

(A) The event is to honor new staff mem bers.
(B) The event is to reward a group of employees.

05 express [ikspres] 07 notify [n6utafai] 08 invite [invait]

appreciate [apri:jieit] representative [reprizentativ] welcome party
share (fear] toll-free number recently [ri:sntli]
gratitude [graitatju:d] listed [listid] h i re [haiar]
06 replace [ripleis] issue [ffu:] honor [onar]
regularly [regjularli) at no cost rewa rd [riw5:rd]
at no charge

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 209

 Present Perfect, Past Perfect,
03 and Future Perfect

(I) P resent perfect tense ( have / has + p.p.)

The present perfect tense describes an action or a state that started in the past and continues
up to the present time. There are some common time expressions used in the present perfect tense.

since + a year in the past over the last / past + a period of time for + a period of time

I / have worked /for the com pany / since 2005.

Present perfect

(I Past perfect tense (had + p.p.)

The past perfect tense describes an action that happened before another action in the past.

Before I reached the venue, / the conference/ had started .

Past perfect

(I) Futu re perfect tense (will have + p.p.)

The future perfect tense describes an action that started in the past or present time and will be
completed at a specific time in the future. There are some common time expressions used in the
future perfect tense.

by next + a time expression by the end of + a time expression next + a time expression

I / will have fin ished /the pa per / by the end of the month .
Future perfect

202 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

------ Questions 1 1 -1 2 refer to the fol l owing memora n d u m .

From: Joe Hawkins , Building Mai ntenance Department

To: All Staff
Subject: Buildi ng Renovation

The Severance Building, which contains our employee gym , will be renovated.

The work wi ll be performed in two phases. Phase I will begi n on the first of July and be
completed in October. It will include the demolition of the old front wall of the building and
the erection of a glass wall. Phase II will take place from November through January of
next year. The work involves remodeling the fitness center, employee lounge, and cafeteria.

Duri ng the renovation period , the staff is asked to use the Sun Fitness Center, located at
Maple Street. The full cost of memberships, including locker rental , will be covered by the
company. We are sorry for any inconven ience this may cause.

1 1 Why was the memorandum written? 1 2 Which area is NOT included in Phase I I ?
(A) To notify em ployees of a change in (A) The gym
health benefits (B) The staff room
(B) To request fu nds for the renovation (C) The building wall
project (D) The cafeteria
(C) To invite people to register for the
company gym
(D) To inform staff of a plan to remodel

Answers: p. 383

1 1 mai ntena nce [meintanans] erection [irekJan] cover lk,ivar)

12 renovation [renaveiJan] take place i nconvenience [lnkanvi:nians)
conta i n [kantein] involve [invalv] cause [ko:z]
renovate [renaveit] remodel [ri:madl] notify [n6utafai]
perform [parf:'>:rm] lounge [laund3] benefit [benaflt]
phase [feiz] period [piariad] fu nd [fAnd]
include [inklu:d] locate [16ukeit] register [red3istar]
demolition [demalfJan] rental [rent!]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 2 1 1

 Present Perfect, Past Perfect,
03 and Future Perfect

(I) P resent perfect tense ( have / has + p.p.)

The present perfect tense describes an action or a state that started in the past and continues
up to the present time. There are some common time expressions used in the present perfect tense.

since + a year in the past over the last / past + a period of time for + a period of time

I / have worked /for the com pany / since 2005.

Present perfect

(I Past perfect tense (had + p.p.)

The past perfect tense describes an action that happened before another action in the past.

Before I reached the venue, / the conference/ had started .

Past perfect

(I) Futu re perfect tense (will have + p.p.)

The future perfect tense describes an action that started in the past or present time and will be
completed at a specific time in the future. There are some common time expressions used in the
future perfect tense.

by next + a time expression by the end of + a time expression next + a time expression

I / will have fi n ished /the pa per / by the end of the month .

Future perfect

202 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 0
Day 1 · Wee k 3

Grammar
[Verb] Active Voi ce and Passive Voice
01 Active Vo ice and Passive Voice
02 Common Col locations

Vocabulary
Nouns ( 1 )

Reading
I nformation

www.n ha ntriviet.com 21 3
 How to cha nge the active voice to the passive voice

The object in the active sentence becomes the subject i n the passive sentence , and the su b­
ject in the active sentence has the form of by + agent in t he passive senten ce . O n ly transitive
verbs can be used i n t he passive voice .

Active voice : He fixed the com puter.

Subject Verb Object
@ @ G)

Passive voice: The com puter was fixed by hi m .

Subject be + p.p. by + agent
G) The object the computer becomes the subject.
® The verb fixed becomes was fixed according to the number of the subject and the
tense of the sentence.
@ The subject now has the form of by him (by + agent) .

ifOC f ( \( ll
Choose the correct option to fi l l the blank below.
0 Active voice:

1
She implemented the new policy.
Passive voice: The new policy was implemented by
(A) her (B) she

1 q The subject in the active sentence m ust be changed into by + agent i n the passive sentence.
Vn
n Answer: ( A )
� =-= o =-= o � o =-= O =-= � � o =-= o =-= o =-: o � o =-= o � =-= o =-= �

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 2 1 5

 IJJI
'
Day 5 Week 2
, .
, .;, ..,1_ ...,.,:.... • - _ .. I

Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

lm!l!I

0 1 Ms. Tracy (is preparing, was preparing) the annual report now.

02 Our CEO (will be attending, was attending) an important workshop at this time yesterday.

03 This time tomorrow, Chris (is attending, will be attending) an important conference.

04 She (worked, was work)ng) on her report when the fire took place.

05 Mr. McCain (is returning, was returning) to Korea now.

06 We (were making, will be making) arrangements for the Trade Conference tomorrow.

07 Ms. Thomas __ in the employee 09 Wel lton supermarket __ its customers a

development session at 3 o'clock 20 percent discount until M onday.
yesterday. (A) offered (C) wi l l be offering
(A) participates (C) is partici pati ng (B) is offe ring (D) was offering
(B) to partici pate (D) was partici pating
1 0 The memo informed us that the company
08 The manufacturer __ changes to its __ the renovation of the office next month.
bill ing p rocedures now. (A) is ca rrying out
(A) implements (C) i m plementi ng (B) has been ca rrying out
(B) implemented (D) is i m p lementing (C) wi l l be carryi ng out ·
(D) is being carrying out

Answers: p. 383

01 annual report 08 manufacturer [mrenjufrektJarar]

06 a rrangement [areind3mant) bil ling procedure
07 session [seJan) 1 0 inform [inf5:rm)
renovation [renaveiJan)

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 201

· :
• ,l � • /! -l• • -•
Day 5 Week 2
I
..,
mmn
Choose one correct option i n the ·pa rentheses.

0 1 Mr. H eath (has appointed, will have appointed) Richard Barth as a financial officer by next
May.

02 Before the results came in, she (had al ready gone , will have already gone) .

03 The price of gas (increases, has increased) considerably since 2000.

04 The revenue of the company (falls, has fallen) significantly for two years.

05 The cost of l iving in the country __ 06 Mr. Jantick __ in the military for six
by 17 percent over the last 15 years. months by the end of the year.
(A) will rise (C) rising (A) been served (C) will serve
(B) has risen (D) rise (B) has served (D) will h ave served

07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the followin g advertisement.

We are looking for a corporate trainer. Applicants should hold a master's degree in
08
business or communications studies. Also, five years of experience is required. The
Business Training Program __ the most popular of all the programs we have offered
07 (A) will be (C) had been
(B) was (D) has been

over the past two years. The qualified candidate __ training programs related to
08 (A) conducts (C) will conduct
(B) conducted (D) has conducted

marketing strategies and management starting next month. If you have any questions,
please contact Mr. Barry at 555-7800 .

Answers: p. 383

01 fi nancial [fainrenJal) 06 military [militeri) master's degree

02 result [rizAlt) 07 look for marketi ng strategy
03 considerably [kansidarabli) 08 corporate [k5:rparat) management [mrenid3mantJ
04 revenue [revanju :) appl icant [replikant)
significantly [signifikantli] hold [hould]

www n h a ntriviet.com
 ' '

Veros:(5) .
Visiting Siem Reap
�;,.A,.,,,,,:l�:;;;;.���:.:_,)4 ,JJ.:C,,.> t'l,A; lz� i�.t)ih,f �1 "' � i--i�� ')'.ili:Lihi:>tlaS,.,,m.01 ,\;1,, 1.; "'���"..lt�l����L .��.:...�_.. .,,.,,, _ -�

Siem Reap is a small town near

the world-famous tem ple of
Angkor Wat. The town is charm­
ing and worth explo ri n g , with
some fine examples of Khmer
and French colonial arch itecture set among the more
modern developments . Nowadays, visitors are flock i n g
in, using i t a s a base for visits t o the nearby temples .

A Ca rved C ity
From the 9th to the 1 4th centuries , when Europe was
still str u g g l i n g out of the Dark Ages , the Cambodian
Empire of Angkor c overed most of present-day Cambo­
dia, Laos , Vietnam, and Thai land . The heart of this empire
during the 1 2th century was the ancient capital of Angkor
Thom, near present-day Siem Reap, the site of the world's
largest temple complexes, which were redi scovered in
1 861 . Th i s spectacular city was built over 30 years under
the reign of King Suryavarman I I (1 1 1 3- 1 1 50) . The area
covers about 400 square kilometres and is full of the
finest examples of Khmer art and arch itecture. Tourists
are always amazed at the scale of the place.

In Angkor Wat, you will find more than 1 00 stone monu­

ments and temple build ings , each of which conta i ns
countless statues, scul ptures, and reliefs that have wea­
thered extremely little over the last 800 years. To see the
whole thing can take several days . The most important
temples to visit in the area are Angkor Wat, especially at
sunrise or sunset; Angkor Thom , the remains of the capital ;
Ta Prahm , a palace overgrown by jungle; and Bayon .

Gett i n g a Visa
Visas are req u i red to enter Cambodia. You can obta i n
one o n arrival at Siem Reap I nternational Airport for $20,
and one passport photo is required per person. You will
also need another passport photo for the Angkor Tern-
pie Entrance Pass. Please e n s u re you take comfortable
walking shoes, light clothing, and plenty of water to drink
as it is very hot there. The most commonly accepted cur­
rency in Cambodia i s the US dollar.

204 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

 Day 5 Week 2 ' ,
l !:,1 �-�_._.___.L�\�'_.;_""J �i�--v-' •.'- •- - .1'-J... '.',,, _. '- ,. • , j

Choose one correct option in the parentheses.

01 Toxic chemicals should always be (practiced, handled, prevented) with care.

02 Effective advertisements (broaden, attract, convene) many new customers.

03 If you wish to attend the seminar, do not (expand, consider, hesitate) to contact me.

04 Computer programs are (labored, utilized, proceeded) in the shipment of orders.

05 A deposit of $50 is required to __ seats 06 The annual meeting __ as planned last

for the upcoming season . month without any interruption .
(A) respond (C) connect (A) reviewed (C) proceeded
(B) appoi nt (D) reserve (B) obtained (D) marched

-
07
08
From: Julia Banks, CrackEnglish Publishing
To: Cathy Jones, Customer Service

Dear Ms. Jones,

Due to defects in the audio tapes we ordered from your company, we have received nu­
merous complaints from our customers. As we think that this problem cou ld have been
__ if you had not sent us faulty merchandise, we believe that your company should
07 (A) protected (C) reported
(B) solved (D) prevented
seriously __ how we can be compensated for the losses. We would l ike to hear from
08 (A) counsel (C) consider
(B) impact (D) notify

Answers: p. 383

01 toxic [t6ksik] 06 a n n u a l [renjual] mercha nd ise [ma:rtJandaiz]

chemical [kemikal] i nterru ption [lntadpJan] seriously [siariasli]
02 effective [ifektiv] 07 defect [di:fekt] com pensate [k6mpanseit]
04 shipment lfipmant] 08 numerous [nju :maras]
05 deposit [dip6zit] complaint [kampleint]
upcoming [,1.pkAmiIJ] fa u lty [f:J:lti]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 205

 Memorandums
.. Memora ndums appeared in the later 1 9th century since there was an i ncreasing need for internal
communication across distances and between levels of management of businesses. I nitially, the term
"memorandum" was used, but by the 1 920s, when the internal documents were already widely spread,
it was shortened to memo. In the modern time, e-mails have, to some extent, replaced memos.

In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of memos which are pieces of correspondence sent
between employers and employees within a company or between companies to inform of a changed
venue, a new decision, a request, a staff transfer, etc. They are more private a nd more formal than
e-mails but less formal than letters. Memos may have their own specific format there are mostly a head­
ing and a body. No salutations, complimentary closings, and formal signatu res are included in memos.

a,Miid•iffii!iiP\llmm
Questions concern ing a memo are usually about the topic or purpose of the memo, (a) specific
detai l (s) , or memo-related further i nformation.

Questions about the topic or purpose of a memo

Typical q uestions: What is the memorand u m about?
What is the pu rpose of this memo?

Reading strategy: The topic or purpose of a memo is often stated in the first part of a reading passage.
As this is a question about the topic or purpose , hints for the correct answer should
be located at the beg i n n ing of a read ing passage. I n particular, the purpose or topic
i s often mentioned in the head i n g written as Subject: ... or Re : . . .

Questions about (a) specific detai l (s) i n a memo

Typical questions: Which department does Mr. Lee work at?
What does the company plan to do?
Reading strategy: Specific details are often mentioned in the middle of a memo.
As this is an information question , identify the key word (s) in the question , then find
hints for the answer around the key word (s) i n the middle of a readi ng passage.

Questions about memo-related further information

Typical questions: Who should be contacted for more i nformation?
What should people who have a ny questions do?
Reading strategy: Memo-related further information is often written at the end of a read ing passage.
As this is an information question, identify the key word (s) in the q uestion , then

r
locate the key word (s) around the end of a reading passage and find hints for the
correct answer.

Common memo topics i n the TOEIC test =-= o=-= � =-= O =-= et ==-= -O =-= o =-= -==-= Oo§
To a nnounce a resig nation To inform the staff of mai ntenance activities
0 To annou nce staff changes To request the cooperation for a clea ning operation 0�
� To congratulate an employee on a To remind employees of a company policy �
� promotion ft
� ==-c=:- =>-= O :=--=:- o � o ==--c=- o =--==-o -==--==- o � o �o==--= o � o -==-c=.: o � -==---= JJ
20 6 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com
 The q uestions below refer to the followi ng memo .

Reci pi e nt ------< To : All staff in Marketing Department

Sender From : Kate Brown , Marketing Department
Heading ----t'-1 Re: Farewel l Party Invitation
You are invited to a farewel l party to Mr. Jackson on Friday, October 3 1
Topic -----+--1
because he is goin g to retire.
Mr. Jackson has been an enth usiastic, dedicated and faithful employee
Specific details --.....--1 since he j oined the company 1 5 years ago . He has been sett i ng the best
example for his employees .

--�
If you come up with any interesting ideas or any q uestions , please e- mai l
Memo-related to msbrown @ market.com or call the extension number 1 1 7 at any ti me.
further i nformation No matter how busy you are , we are looki ng forward to your participation
to l ight up your position.

Questions: 1 . What is the memo (aboot)?

'---<-. To p ic
( A) Rewa rds for excel lent staff ( B ) An employee farewel l p a rty
�
2 . How l o n g h as bee n worki n g for the company?
'----<-. Key word
( A) 10 years (B) 15 years

3. What should employees do if they have a n y �?

� Key word
(A) Make a phone call (B ) See Kate Brown

Analyzing:
1 . This question is about the topic of the memo. The topic of the memo is stated at the first part of the read­
ing passage. Hints for the answer can be found in You are invited to a farewell party to Mr. Jackson
on Friday, October 3 1 because he is going to retire . The correct answer is choice ( B) An employee
farewell party.

2. This question is about a specific detai l in the memo with the key word Mr. Jackson , including the q ues­
tion word How l o ng . Locate the word Mr. Jackson in the middle of the reading passage, then find hints
for the correct answer around it. It is stated in Mr. Jackson . . . since he joined the company 15 years
ago . Therefore, the correct answer is choice ( B) 15 years .
3. This is a question about memo-related further information. Identi fy the key word suggestions in the
question, then locate the key word at the end of the reading passage , and find hints for the correct
answer around it. Suggestions is paraphrased as i nteresting ideas. The reading says , If you come
up with any interesting ideas or any questions, please e-mail to msbrown@market. com or call the
extension number 1 1 7 at any time . Choice (A) Make a phone call i s the correct answer.

www.n h a ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 207

 Pra ctice pa ra p h rasing the following sentences by choosing the
correct option .

0 1 We are looking to simplify our ordering procedures.

= We are trying to make our ordering procedures
(A) safer (B) easier

02 It would make me very happy to take on the project you proposed.

= I will definitely ____ the assignment that was suggested by you.
(A) accept (B) except

03 I am writing to debate the claims you recently made in your article.

= I _ ___ with some of the statements made in your article.
(A) dissatisfy (B) disagree

04 The least amount of time needed to complete the project is seven days.
= In order to complete the project, we will require a of one week.
(A) minimum (B) lowest

01 be looking to + V accept [aksept] 04 least [li:st]

simplify [su:nplafai] except [iksept] a mount [amaunt]
procedure [prasi:d3ar] 03 debate [dibeit] complete [kampli:t]
02 take on claim [kleim)
propose [prap6uz] article [6 :rtikl]
definitely [defanitlil statement [steitmant]
assignment [asainmant] disagree [disagri:]

208 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

05 I wanted to thank you for meeting with me and letting me express my thoughts.
(A) I appreciate you r giving me the time to share my ideas with you .
(B) I wou ld l i ke to express my gratitude for you r ideas suggested at the meeting.

06 It is suggested that the fi lters be changed at least every four months.

(A) The fou r fi lters need to be replaced .
(B) The fi lters need to be replaced regu larly.

07 If you happen to lose your card, notify our representative at the toll-free number listed .
(A) The company issues a replacement card at no cost.
(B) When a ca rd is lost, customers shou ld ca l l our office at no charge.

08 We are invited to a welcome party for recently hired employees.

(A) The event is to honor new staff mem bers.
(B) The event is to reward a grou p of employees.

05 express [ikspres] 07 notify [n6utafai] 08 invite [invait]

appreciate [apri:Jieit] representative [reprizentativ] welcome party
share [fear] toll-free number recently [ri:sntli]
g ratitude [grretatju:d] listed [listid] hire [haiar]
06 replace [ripleis] issue [ifu:] honor [6nar]
reg ularly [regjularli] at no cost rewa rd [riw5:rd]
at no charge

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 209

 Question g refers to the fol lowi ng memora n d u m .

To a l l staff mem bers:

The company has decided to cha nge our spending policy. Office operating costs m u st be
kept to a m i n i m u m. Th is is because the recent economic downtu rn has led to much l ower
profits this year. Al l depa rtments a re encouraged to find ways to reduce spend i ng. At the
next staff m eeti ng, we wou l d l i ke a representative from each department to present cost­
cutting suggestions.

09 What is the purpose of this memorandum?

(A) To notify employees of a staff meeti ng
(B) To i nform employees of a new company policy
(C) To report the annual profits of the company

Question 1 0 refers to the fol l owing memora n d u m .

To: T h e staff o f Weston Clarkson, Inc.

I a m pleased to a nnou nce the promotion of Ed mund Park from the regional sales manager
to the vice-president of marketing. M r. Park has been with our company for the past 25
years. He started as a student i ntern and worked his way up in the company. I n his role as a
sales manager, M r. Park has proved his tal ents by i m p roving sales by 27 percent. We a re ex­
cited to see what h i s leadership and ideas wil l bring to our overseas m arketi ng department.

1 O What is NOT stated about Edmund Park?

(A) He joi ned the company as a student.
(B) He was successful as a sales manager.
(C) He has been worki ng i n foreign countries.

09 spendi n g [spendi.IJ] cost-cutting prove [pru:v]

policy [p6 lasi] annual [renjual] ta lent [trelant]
operating costs 10 promotion [pram6ufan] i m p rove [impni :v]
keep to a m i n i m u m reg ional [ri :d3anl] overseas [6uvarsl :z]
downturn [daunta: rn] vice- president joi n the company
profit [profit] work one's way fo rei g n [5:ran]
encou rage [inka:rid3] role [roul]

2 1 0 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

212 www.nhantriviet.com
 Question 9 refers to the fol lowing memora n d u m .
fDlD

To a l l staff members:

The company has decided to cha nge our spending policy. Office operating costs m ust be
kept to a m i n i m u m . Th is is because the recent economic downtu rn has led to much l ower
p rofits this yea r. Al l departme nts a re encou raged to find ways to red u ce spendi ng. At the
next staff meeti ng, we wo u l d l i ke a re prese ntative fro m each department to present cost­
cutting suggestions.

09 What is the pu rpose of this memorandum?

(A) To notify employees of a staff meeti ng
(B) To inform employees of a new com pany policy
(C) To report the annual profits of the company

Question 1 0 refers to the fol l owing memora n d u m .

To : The staff o f Westo n Cla rkson, Inc.

I am pleased to a n nou nce the promotion of Ed mund Park fro m the regional sales m a n ager
to the vice-president of ma rketing. M r. Pa rk has been with our company for the past 25
years. H e started as a student i ntern and wo rked his way u p in the compa ny. In his ro le as a
sales ma nager, Mr. Park has p roved his ta lents by i m p rovi ng sa les by 27 percent. We a re ex­
cited to see what h i s lead ersh i p and ideas wi l l bring to our overseas ma rketing depa rtment.

1 0 What is NOT stated about Edmund Park?

(A) H e joi ned the com pany as a student.
(B) He was successfu l as a sales manager.
(C) He has been worki ng in foreign countries.

09 spending [spendiiJ] cost-cutting prove [pru:v]

pol icy [polasi] annual [renjual] talent [trelant]
operati ng costs 1 O promotion [pram6 uJan] improve [impni :v]
keep to a minimum reg ional [ri:d3anl] overseas [6uvarsi:z]
downtu rn [daunta:m] vice-president join the company
profit [pr6fit] work one's way foreign [f5:ran]
encourage [inka:rid3] role [roul]

2 1 0 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n ha ntriviet.com

 ...¢"
,f
_..,,...___
�
_ Questions 11-1 2 refer to the fol lowi ng memora n d u m .
Ac ual Queshom

From: Joe Hawkins, Building Maintenance Department

To: All Staff
Subject: Building Renovation

The Severance Building, which contains our employee gym, will be renovated.

The work will be performed in two phases. Phase I will begin on the first of July and be
completed in October. It will include the demolition of the old front wal l of the building and
the erection of a glass wall . Phase II will take place from November through January of
next year. The work involves remodeling the fitness center, employee lounge, and cafeteria.

During the renovation period, the staff is asked to use the Sun Fitness Center, located at
Maple Street. The full cost of memberships, including locker rental , will be covered by the
company. We are sorry for any inconvenience this may cause.

1 1 Why was the memorandum written? 1 2 Which area is NOT included in Phase II?
(A) To notify employees of a change in (A) The gym
health benefits (B) The staff room
(B) To request funds for the renovation (C) The building wal l
project ( D ) The cafeteria
(C) To invite people to register for the
company gym
(D) To inform staff of a plan to remodel

Answers: p. 383

1 1 maintenance [meintanans] erection [irekfan] cover [k,ivar]

12 renovation [renaveiJan] take place inconvenience [lnkanvi:nians]
contain [kantein] involve [involv] cause [k:i:z]
renovate [renaveit] remodel [ri:mocll] notify [n6utafai]
perform [pam:rmJ lounge [laund3l benefit [benafit]
phase [feiz] period [piariad] fund [£uid]
include [inkhi:d] locate [16ukeit] register [red3istar]
demolition [demaliJan] rental [rent]]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 2 1 1

212 www.nhantriviet.com
 0
Day 1 · Wee k 3

Grammar
[Verb] Active Voi ce a nd Passive Voice
01 Active Vo ice and Passive Voi ce
02 Common Col locations

Vocabulary
Nouns (1 )

Reading
I nformation

www.nha ntriviet.com 21 3
 [Verb] Active Voice and Passive Voice

� Fun with Basic Grammar

.. What are the active voice a n d passive voice?

James brea ks the balloon. (Active voice) The balloon is broken. (Passive voice)

The active voice is the form of a verb when the subject in a sentence performs
the action of the verb as i n James breaks the balloon . However, i n The bal­
loon is broken, the form of the verb is in the passive voice beca use the su b­
ject does not perform the actio n of the verb.

How to form the passive voice

The passive voice i s formed by a form of the verb be + p.p. ( past pa rticiple) . The verb be has
different forms depending on the num ber of the s ubject and the tense in a sentence.

Present sim ple passive am / i s / are + p . p . is fou nded

Past sim ple passive was /were + p . p . was founded
Future si mple passive wil l be + p . p . wi l l be fou nded
Present progressive passive am / is / are + being + p . p . is being developed
Past progressive passive was /were + being + p . p . was being developed
Present perfect passive have / has + been + p . p . has been del ivered
Past perfect passive had + been + p . p . had been delivered
Future perfect passive wil l have been + p . p. will have been del ivered

T h e organ izati o n / was fou n d ed / i n 2004.

r
be + p.p.

It ( c \(, t, --= o =-= o=-=o=--= • =-= o =--= o =-=o =-= o =-=o =-= o ==--= o- =-= °'§

1
Choose the correct option to fil l the blank below.
�
o The factory by a hurricane. 0

( B ) was destroyed
i ( A ) was destroy
� This sentence must be used in the passive voice because a hu rricane damaged the factory. In other words,
V The factory was destroyed by a hurricane . The correct form of the passive verb must be be + p.p.
1
� Answer: (B) �
� � • =-= � =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= o �o =--= o =-= • =-= o � o � d

2 1 4 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com

 [Verb] Active Voice and Passive Voice

� Fun with Basic Grammar

What a re the active voice a n d passive voice?

James brea ks the ba lloon. (Active voice) The balloon is broke n . (Passive voice)

The active voice is the form of a verb when the subject in a sentence performs
the action of the verb as i n James breaks the balloon . However, i n The bal­
loon is broken , the form of the verb is i n the passive voice because the sub-
� ject does not perform the action of the verb.
. ..

How to form the passive voice

The passive voice i s formed by a form of the verb be + p.p. ( past participle). The verb be has
d ifferent forms depending on the number of the subject and the tense in a sentence.

Present simple passive a m / i s / are + p.p. is fou nded

Past simple passive was / were + p.p. was founded
Future simple passive will be + p. p. wil l be founded
Present progressive passive am / is / are + being + p.p. is being developed
Past progressive passive was /were + being + p.p. was being developed
Present perfect passive have/ has + been + p.p. has been delivered
Past perfect passive h ad + been + p.p. had been delivered
Futu re perfect passive will have been + p.p. wil l have been delivered

The organ izati o n / was fou nd ed / i n 2004.

be + p.p.

E \l ti

!
=-= =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= � =-= 0 =-= � =-= � =-= 0 =-= �

� Choose the correct option to fi ll the blank below.

�
0

1
The factory by a hurricane.
( A ) was destroy ( B ) was destroyed

� This sentence must be used in the passive voice because a hu rricane damaged the factory. In other words,
The factory was destroyed by a hurricane. The correct form of the passive verb must be be + p.p.
V
� Answer· ( B )
� =-== o � o =-= o � o � o � o =-= o � o =-= o =-= o ==-= o =:>e= o =-=: o � �

2 1 4 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 How to change the active voice to the passive voice
The object in the active sentence becomes the subject in the passive sentence, and the sub­
ject in the active sentence has the form of by + agent in the passive sentence. Only transitive
verbs can be used in the passive voice.

Active voi ce : He fixed the computer.

Subject Verb Object
@ CV Ci)

Passive vo i ce: The computer was fixed

Subject be + p.p. by + agent
Ci) The object the computer becomes the subject.
@ The verb fixed becomes was fixed according to the number of the subject and the
tense of the sentence.
@ The subject now has the form of by him (by + agent) .

�c t \t ti
Choose the correct option to fill the blank below.
0 Active voice: She implemented the new policy.
Passive voice: The new policy was implemented by
(A) her (B) she
1
Q The subject in the active sentence must be changed into by + agent in the passive sentence.
Answer: ( A )
� � o =-= o � o � o =-= o � o =-c= o � o =-= o � o � o =-= o � =-=- �

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 2 1 5

01 Active Voice. and Passive
. .
.
Voic·e
•• , -J ,:. � .. � - - � -� , _ . , _°:J ..... i- • - ,'•, ·· � J.:k, �� ..• •
'

The statue (bu ilt, was b u i lt) 1 0 yea rs ago.

The option was bu i lt expresses the passive mea n i ng, which makes the sentence
.............. correct. It is necessa ry to d istingu ish the active voice from the passive voice i n
English
ClMMMAA

{I) Differences between the active and passive voice

If a verb is followed by an object , the verb is in the active voice ; however, when there is no
object followi ng a verb, it is in the passive voice.

Active voice: H e / (was checlced,�) /the g uest list.

Passive voice (X) Active voice (0) Object

M r. James/ (is insisted,� /that he is i n nocent.

Passive voice (X) Active voice (0) Object

Passive voice : The investigation / (conducted,� / by Ms. M u rphy.

Active voice (X) Passive voice (0)

The res u m e / (should submit,� /with i n a week.

Active voice (X) Passive voice (0)

2 1 6 - Hackers TOEIC Start Read ing www.nha ntriviet.com

 ' .
Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

0 1 Our appliances will (be serviced, service) for free.

02 We (convey, are conveyed) gratitude to loyal customers.

03 The CEO (was paid, paid) a bonus to the employees at the end of the quarter.

04 Scientists (argue, are argued) that greenhouse gas emissions are a major cause of global
warmi ng.

05 Management (required, were required) to develop a good relationship with the new partners.

06 The process of filling prescriptions should (change , be changed) to prevent mistakes.

07 The current tenants must __ the offices 09 The company's future sales may __ by
by the end of June. the growth of its competitors.
(A) vacant (C) vacate (A) affecting (C) be affecting
(B) vacancy (D) be vacated (B) be affected (D) affect

08 The airline industry __ by a government 1 0 The finance manager __ that the

body before 1 979. company spent too much money on office
(A) regulates (C) was regulated equipment.
(B) regu lation (D) was regu lating (C) to conclude
(D) conclusion
(A) is concluded
( B) concluded

Answers: p. 383

01 a p plia nce [aplaians] 05 ma nagement [mrenid3mant] 09 competitor [kampetatar]

for free partner [p6 :rtnar] 1 0 spend A on B
02 gratitude [grretatju:d] 06 process [proses] equipment [ikwipmant]
loyal customer prescription [priskripfan]
03 quarter [kw5:rtar) prevent [privent]
04 g reen house gas 07 current [ka:rant)
emission [imifan] tenant [tenant]
g lobal warm i n g 08 body [b6di)

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 I am su rprised at the acrobats' talents.

.. . ::- I n this sentence, am su rprised is followed by the preposition at. In E nglish,

there a re several com mon collocations formed by a form of the verb be a nd a
.,.

past partici ple. The past participle, in fact, fu nctions as an adjective and is fol­
lowed by a certa i n preposition .

(I) Prepositions i n co m m o n co l l ocations

Preposition in

be engaged in be interested in be involved in

J o h n / is engaged i n / cancer research.

H e / wa s involved i n /the incident.

Preposition to

be dedicated to be exposed to be related to

The secret/was exposed to /the med i a .

Work enviro n m e nt/ is related to / productivity.

Preposition at

be su rprised at be shocked at be frig htened at

We/were surprised at/ his behavior.

The writer /was shocked at/the criticism .

Preposition with

be (dis)satisfied with be pleased with be equipped with

We / a re pleased with /the recent sales i ncrease.

Each room / is equi pped wit h / basic fu rniture.

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 - · · · I. ·
Day 1 · �ee·k 3
_; -• · •---- �..... �..:st,\ , • , .·....._..=. .. ,�• .:.J-... � -- • . . -· ,,,. i .. . .. ' � -_. .-- · ... .._4 J: �1".___'."� �-l;.__,__�
_..\ ..

Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

IDD
01 The Direct-Help Organization is dedicated (to , at) helping people.

02 The firm is engaged (in, for) buying and selling real estate.

03 New car models are equipped (by, with) anti-theft locks and air bags.

04 The development team was (pleased, pleasing) with the performance of the new diesel engine.

05 People living near manufacturing plants 06 The report said that many health problems
are exposed ___ various pollutants. are __ to a lack of exercise.
(A) to (C) for (A) relate (C) related
(B) by (D) at (B) relating (D) relation

-
07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the followi ng article.
08
The Internet is now available on some of the largest planes of 8obkin Airl ines. The
service __ passengers to connect to the Internet and utilize various web services,
07 (A) is allowed (C) allowing
(8) to allow (D) allows

including e-mail. Sean Monk, the president of 8obkin, said in a press conference that
passengers, especially those on business, __ with its new service. He said it marks
08 (A) are satisfied (C) satisfied
(8) are satisfying (D) satisfying

a first in the travel industry.

Answers: p. 383

0 1 organization [:i :rganizeifan] 05 manufacturing plant connect [kanekt]

02 fi rm [fa:rm] va rious [vearias] utilize [ju:talaiz]
real estate poll utant [pahi:tnt] including [ink.lu:dil)]
03 anti-theft [renti8eft] 06 lack [lrek] press conference
lock [lok] 07 available [aveilabl] mark [mo:rk]
04 performance [pam:rmans] 08 passenger [presand3ar] industry [indastri]

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 Nouns (1)
� � _,.. ,., ('� .1-:r ........:_ � . - 1.. \ , 1 , �.:! • I • I , • \. , ,, "'-�
J11 • �
•

A Special Christmas Present

� . LANGUAGE F □ CUS
David wants to buy a Christmas
• present
Yuki was wra p p i n g a prese nt for h e r
present for a very special person,
his mother. David's father gives him - mother.
$5.00 a week pocket money and
• pocket money
He did a part-time job to earn a little
David puts $2.00 a week into his
ba nk account. After three months, David takes $20.00 pocket money.
out of his bank account and goes to the shopping mall.
• bank account
They' re encourag ing u n ive rsity stu­
He looks and looks for a perfect g ift .
dents to open bank accou nts.
Suddenly, he sees a beautiful brooch in the shape of
his favourite pet. He says to himself, " My mother loves • shopping mall
jewelry, and the brooch costs only $1 7.00 . " He buys She goes to the shopping mall every
weekend to buy new clothes .
the brooch and takes it home. He wraps the present
in Christmas paper and places it under the tree. He is • gift
The video camera was a retire ment
gift from h i s colleagues.
very excited, and he is looking forward to Christmas
morning to see the j oy on his mother's face.
• jewelry
Unexpectedly, when his mother I don't wea r very much jewelry.
opens the present, she screams with
• jo y
There were tears of joy in h e r eyes.
frig ht because she sees a spider.

• fright
· I got such a fright when Joe burst
through the door.

220 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Vocabulary
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

01 There is no (inconvenience, collection, exception) to this rule.

02 M s . Lewis received positive (feedback, complaint, objection) after the conference.

03 Clients make a frequent (discount, thought, complaint) that the products arrive late.

04 The company only allows (representatives, subjects, opponents) to attend its meetings.

05 High Airlines is offering conference attend­ 06 Hotel employees do their best to create a
ees a 40 percent __ on economy class friendly __ .
tickets. (A) atmosphere (C) apology
(A) d i scount (C) retail (B) temperature (D) responsibility
(B) feedback (D) improvement

07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowing letter.

08
Dear Mr. Jones,
We are sorry to inform you that the large teddy bears at AIIToys.com will be temporar­
ily unavailable. The manufacturer that makes these toys has moved its _
07 (A) qualities (C) facilities
(B) responsibilities (D) categories
items are not in production at this time. We apologize for any __ this may cause you.
08 (A) income (C) exception

l
(B) inconvenience (D) incentive
We will let you know when they are available.
���""-""'
� ����.,

Answers: p. 383

0 1 rule [ru:l) 04 al low A to + V 07 tem pora ri ly [temparerali]

02 receive [risi:v] 05 attendee [atendi:] 08 manufactu rer [mrenjufrektfarar]
positive [p6 zativ] economy class prod uction [pradAkfan]
conference [konfarans] 06 do one's best apologize [ap6 l ad3aiz]
03 frequent [fri:kwant] create [krieit] ca use [k:i:z]

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 I nformation

::- I n Part 7 , reading passages may be i n the form of a piece of information that can be found in ,❖
daily life activities. It is, in fact, an announcement a bout a company's service, a hotel and its
-:-:- facilities, membership, an event, a local performance, etc.

a... 1411,,,1;1!&/ltlfimitml
Questions about a piece of information often refer to the topic or purpose of the information, the
intended reader of the information, and (a) specific detail(s) in the information.
Questions about the topic or purpose of the information
Typical questions: What is the information about?
What is the purpose of the information?
Reading strategy: The topic or purpose of the information is often stated in the first part of a read­
ing passage.
As this is a question about the topic or purpose, find hints for the correct answer
at the beginning of a reading passage.

Questions about the intended reader of the information

Typical questions: For whom is this information intended?
Who is the recipient of the information?
Reading strategy: The intended reader of the information is mainly mentioned in the first part of a
reading passage.
As this is an inference question that requires the understanding of the whole
passage , look for the key word(s) in the whole reading passage before making
an inference. Remember to pay more attention to the first part of the reading
passage.

Questions about (a) specific detail(s) in the information

Typical questions: Where will the free event be held?
What is NOT included in the membership?
Reading strategy: Specific details are often mentioned in the middle of a reading passage.
As this is an information or a NOT /TRUE question, find the key word(s) in the

r
question first, then locate the key word(s) in the middle of a reading passage
and find hints for the correct answer.

Common expressions i n the information =-= =-= 0 =--= � =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= =-=
1
• Hotel guide: accom modation, make a reservation ( = reserve, book) , cancel lation, confirmation
<i • Facilities instructions: Cards can be obtai ned from -, A card must be presented when -, A car 0
� will be towed at the owner's expense ij
� • Membership guide: the date of issue, valid, expire, reg istration �
� ==-= o � o =-== o =-= o � o � o � o � o � o =-= o =-= • � o � o ==-= �
2 2 2 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com
 The q uestions below refer to the following i nformation .

To welcome Christmas season, the Oakwood Regional Cultural Center

Topic -----.......---i has prepared a special performance. Tickets with special discount will be
sold from 23 to 25 December. We are looking forward to having a well­
attended performance with all enthusiastic local residents.

Wed nesday, 23 December: Can 't Tell What Love Is - a musical with many
different omnibuses
Venue: Daisy Hall , 7:00 p.m. , entrance fee: $50
Thursday, 24 December: Jazz N ight - a j azz performance of Christmas
Deta iled content _-+.---1
songs
Venue: Rose Stage, 5 :00 p . m . , free entrance
Friday, 25 December: Merry X-mas - a Merry Ch ristmas concert
Venue: Li ly Concert Hall , 6 : 00 p . m . , entrance
fee : $35

Question s : 1 . What is the i nformatio n �

To p ic
(A ) A m usic performance ( B) A d rama performa nce

'---<.
2. For � is this i nformatio n i ntended?
Obj ect
(A) Oa kwood Center staff ( B) Oakwood residents

3. When is the show (free)?

� Key word
(A) December 23 ( B ) December 24

Analyzing:
1 . This is a question about the topic of the information. Hints for the correct answer are located in the first
part of the reading passage. It is indicated in the reading passage that the special performance includes
musica l , jazz, concert. Therefore, choice (A) A music performance is the correct answer.
2. This is a question about the intended reader of the information . Because this is an inference question ,
hints for the correct answer can be found throughout the reading passage and especially at the beginn ing
of the reading passage. From what the reading passage says , We are looking forward to having a well­
attended performance with all enthusiastic local residents, it can be inferred that this music performance
is aimed at the local residents. Therefore, the correct answer for this question is choice (B) Oakwood residents .
3. This question asks about a specific detail in the information. I dentify the key word free in the reading
passage and locate h i nts for the correct answer around it. Free is paraphrased as free entrance. As the
date to enj oy the performance without being charged is Th u rsday, 24 December, the correct answer is
choice (B) December 24.

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 Practice pa ra p h rasing the fol lowing sentences by choosing the
correct option.

0 1 The warehouse can be leased for a maximum of one year.

= One year is the longest period of time that someone can __ the storehouse.
(A) buy (B) rent

02 Detailed safety instructions are provided with all of our electronic appliances.
= Each electronic appliance comes with a list of ____
(A) d i rections (B) cares

03 People can learn about employment opportunities from City Hall's Career Office.
= Information about job __ can be found at City Hall.
(A) descriptions (B) openings

04 People who own lots of shares have the right to vote for the Board of Directors.
= The Board of Directors is elected by the __ shareholders.
(A) major (B) critical

0 1 warehouse [wearhaus) 03 em ployment [impl5imant] shareholder (fearhouldar)

lease [li:s) opportun ity [opartju:nati) major [meid 3ar)
maximum [mreksamam] 04 share [fear] critical [krftikal]
storehouse [st5:rhausJ right [rait]
02 safety instruction vote [vout)
appliance [aplaians) the Boa rd of Di rectors
d i rection [direkJan] elect [ilekt)

224 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www .nhantriviet.com

 . · : ' ii
,,

Day 1 Week 3 �
{
.l
:a., _..,, ... , _. .. . .....:1......'�J12.1:��·
-.. _j"")r,,,)....: • .
·- :. _,;.�1 , ,., •

05 I M Soft wi l l launch a new game on M ay 4 .

(A) T h e new ga me wi l l b e released o n May 4 .
(B) I M Soft wi l l esta blish a n e w office o n M a y 4 .

06 T h e costs for t h e t r i p need t o b e paid a t least o n e week prior t o departure.

(A) Travelers should confi rm thei r reservation seven days before departu re .
( B) Payment is d u e seven days before trave l .

07 T h e center is offeri ng a class t o h e l p people im prove their ability t o communicate .

(A) People who communicate wel l are asked to join the center's course .
(B) Pa rtici pa nts i n the center's cou rse will enha nce their com munication skills.

08 One way to reach a customer service representative is to press one d u ring your cal l .
(A) Cal lers who push one wi l l be connected to the customer service department.
(B) By leaving the i r numbers, cal lers can be reached by a customer service depa rtment.

05 lau nch OJ:ntf] 07 improve [impni:v] 08 representative [reprizentativ]

release [rili:s] ability [abilati] connect [kanekt]
establish [istreblij] participant [po:rtfsapant] customer service department
06 prior to enhance [inhrens]
confirm [kanfa:rm] ski l l [skill
due [dju:]

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readino - 2 2 5

 Question g refers to the fol lowing information .
lllilD

The San Antonio Ed ucation Center is proud to a n nounce that it wil l hold ea rly-ch i l dhood
d evelopment classes for the com m u nity. The progra m is designed to prepare you ng chil­
dren to enter kindergarten with the n ecessary language skills. The classes are pa rtially
subsidized by the City Council, which will red uce the economic b u rden o n low-income
fa m i lies. People who a re i nterested i n signi ng their chi ldren up for a class should get a
registration form at the center's m a i n office.

09 For whom is this i nformation intended?

(A) The members of an education facility
(B) The parents of children in a kindergarten
(C) The residents of San Antonio

Question 1 0 refers to the fol l owi ng i nformation .

Bayside Aq uari u m
Th is pass allows t h e holder t o u se t h e Bayside Aqu a r i u m pa rki ng area fo r one d ay. This
pass should be displayed on the vehicle's dash board while i n the parking l ot. Any veh icle
not d isplaying a pass wi l l be towed at the owne r's expense. P lease note that the parking
area c loses 45 m i nutes after the museum closes, a nd a l l veh icles must be removed by
that time. Also, a l l passes m ust be given to the parking attendant u p o n leaving.

1 0 What wi ll happen to visitors without a pass?

(A) They wi ll have to pay for parking.
(B) Thei r cars wi l l be removed .
(C) They wil l not be admitted to the aquari u m .

0 9 a n nou nce [anauns] registration [red3istreifan] tow [tou]

com m u n ity [kamju:nati] facility [fasilati] at one's expense
necessary [nesaseri] resident [rezadant] remove [rimu:v]
partially [p6 : rfali] 1 o a l low [alau] u pon + V-ing
subsidize [sibsadaiz] holder [h6uldar] admit [admit]
burden [ba:rdn] display [displei]
low-income dash boa rd [drefb:i :rd]

226 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

_...,._____ Questions 1 1 -12 refer to the fol lowing i nformation.
Concord fax machine

Thank you for purchasing a Concord fax machine. Designed for use in a home-office or
small-business environment, this laser fax machine delivers superior output at an affordable
price. The Concord fax has 51 2 kilobytes of memory and it can store up to thirty pages in
memory. Also, the Concord fax makes it possible to use a single phone line for both the
telephone feature and faxing at the same time. Transmission speed is about three seconds
per page.

To fax, make sure you i nsert documents face down. The Concord fax accepts a variety of
paper sizes. Adjust the paper guides to fit the width of your document. Enter the fax num­
ber. Then press "FAX Start" on the right corner of the keyboard. The display shows you the
status of the file. To make copies, enter the number of copies you want (up to 99) using
the dial pad and press "Copy" .

1 1 Where is this information most likely 1 2 The word "delivers" in paragraph 1 , line 2 is
found? closest in meaning to
(A) A fax machine advertisement (A) transports
(8) An electronics catalog (8) deteriorates
(C) A product handbook (C) provides
(D) A consumer review (D) announces

Answers: p. 383

1 1 purchase [pa:rtfas] feature [fi:tfar] width [wid9]

1 2 environment [invaiaranmant] transmission [trrensmifan] status [steitas]
deliver [dilivar] per [par] consumer [kansu:mar]
su perior [su:piariar] i nsert [insa:rt] review [rivju:]
output [autput] face down transport [trrensp:i: rt ]
afforda ble [afu:rdabl] accept [reksept] d eteriorate [ditiariareit]
store [sb:r] adjust [ad3Ast] announce [anauns]
up to fit [fit]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 2 27

228 www.n hantriviet.co m
 Day 2 Wee k 3

Grammar
[Verb] Cond itionals
01 Past Conditional
02 Past Perfect Cond itiona l
03 Futu re Con d itional

Vocabulary
Nouns (2)

Reading
I nvitations

www.nhantriviet.com 229
 [Verb] Conditionals

� Fun with Basic Grammar

What is the cond itional? Types of conditionals

If I were ta l ler, I would become
a basketball p layer. ilJ
The a bove sentence shows the fact that this per­
Conditionals

son is not ta l l enoug h, but he would become a Past perfect

basketba ll player on the condition of being taller. conditional

The imagination or cond ition that is contrary to

the rea lity or fact is ca l led the cond itional .

The past conditional

The sentence If he were single, I would ask him for a date shows the care about or the regret
of the speaker at the present situation. The conditional used to describe a condition contrary to a
present situation is called the past conditional .

lf/ he/were/single, / 1 / wo uld ask/ him /for a date.

It means that in reality he is not single; therefore, I can not ask him for a date.

r
-+

t [ C \t CJ -= o =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= o � o =-= o =-= o =-= • =-= o =-- = °1
Which of the following fits the mean ing of the sentence below?
�
o If the weather were good, they would go o n a picn ic. o
� ( A ) The weather is good.

ij
( B ) The weather is bad.

� ¢ Because the past conditional shows a condition that is contrary to a present situation, choice (B)
weather is bad is the correct answer.
ij
The l
� Answer: ( B ) �
� =-= o � o � o =-= o =-=• =-= o =-= o =-= o =-=o � o =-= o =-= o =-= o =-= �

230 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nh a ntriviet.com

 The past perfect cond itio n a l

The sentence If I had left a phone number, he would have called m e expresses t h e reg ret of
the speaker about something in the past time. The conditional used to describe a condition con­
trary to a past situation i s called the past perfect conditional.

If/ I / had left / a phone n u m ber, / he /would have cal led / m e .

r
... It means that in the past I did not leave him my phone number and he did not call me.

e f \(, , tJ --= o � ==--= � o=--= o =--=

Which of the fol lowing fits the meaning of the sentence below?
=--= =--== o -=-= o ==--= o �o =--= 1
�
If Jane had known the financial risks, she would not have sig ned the dea l .
� (A) Jane knew the financial risks . (B) Jane d i d not know the fi nancial risks.
�
v
1 Q The past perfect conditional expresses a cond ition which is contrary to a past situation; therefore, choice 0
� (B) Jane did not know the financial risks is the correct answer. Answer: (B) �

Th e futu re cond itio n a l

The sentence If I should b e born again, I will marry you is a condition about a n i m possi ble fu­
ture situation . The conditional used to show an im poss i b l e future s ituation or a strong doubt about
the futu re or the present is called the future conditional .

If/ I / s h o u l d be born /aga i n, / 1 /will marry/ yo u .

... I t means that there i s certainly n o opportunity t o be born again in the future. However, i f this happens, I
wa nt to marry you .

\(, O � o =-=- 0 =--= o =-= o � o � =-= � o � o � o =-= 0 =-=

1
Which of the following fits the mean ing of the sentence below?

l
�
If the budget should i ncrease, we will buy more office fu rniture.
(A) The budget does not i ncrease . ( B ) The budget wi l l defin itely increase.
�
V Q As the futu re conditional shows a strong dou bt about a present or future situation, the correct answer is
� (A) The budget does not increase . Answer: ( A ) �
� =-: � o =-= � o � o � o � o =-=: o � o � o � o � o =-== o =-= �

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 23 1

01
. -

Past C ondhio:r,i�I
...,, �--<. -•• � ..t; � _ • f:u .. i..t.J ....: _;,1 �:J�. �...._... _ '- - � .! ,·,j. ,.,. , �.__ _.._ •..i.:"r. ,,,t;_ . ::,.� .:__ _.,.- . ' ·- J

If she worked properly, she might enjoy her l ife more.

The sentence shows that she works too much and she does not enjoy life. The
past cond itional is used to express a condition contra ry to a present situation.

(I} Past cond itional

The past conditional is used to describe a condition contrary to a present situation and express
the regret or worry about this situation .

If + subject + verb (sim ple past tense - be + were) -, subject + would /could / m ig ht + bare
infinitive - .

If I were rich, / 1 / could hel p/the poor.

¢ In reality, I am not rich enoug h to hel p the poor.

If I had a members h i p card, / 1 / would get / a discou nt.

¢ In reality, I do not have a membership card, so I cannot get a d iscount.

{I> O mission of if in past conditional

I t is important to remember that when if is omitted in the past conditional, were - the past form
of be - is put at the beginning of the sentence.

Past conditional !! ! were in your place, I would sell the house.

+
Subject Verb

Omission of if
+
Verb + subject Were ! in you r place, I would sell the house.
Verb Subject

Were Jane not lazy, / she / (§et,�) / a job.

¢ This is the past conditional. If is omitted and were - the past form of be - is put at the beginning of the
sentence. The option could get is the correct choice.

232 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantrivi et.com

 , Lo•..;, , r � •
Day 2 Week 3
. t l
..,
mmn
Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

01 If we had more vehicles, we (could reduce, reduced) delivery times.

02 If our employees had more experience, their work (would be, have been) more professional.

03 (Were, Are) the facilities repaired, we could meet management's demands.

04 If a bigger budget were available, we (continued, would continue) developing the software.

05 (Were, Had) I not busy, I would accept your invitation.

06 If Jeff were less busy, he (may complete, might complete) the project successfully.

07 If you didn't interrupt me, I __ the 09 If we had been aware of the new engine
project on time. specifications, we __ customers be­
(A) finish (C) have finished fore shipping the parts.
(8) could finish (D) finishes (A) had alerted (C) were alerted
(8) alerted (D) would have alerted
08 If the staff members knew that there were
relevant records, they __ the research 1 0 Were the budget approved, we __ a
more efficiently. fax machine for the staff room.
(A) conduct (A) would purchase
(8) conducted (8) will purchase
(C) could conduct (C) purchasing
(D) could have conducted (D) purchase

Answers: p. 383

01 vehicle [vi:ikl] 05 accept [aksept] 09 aware [awear]

delivery [dilivari] 06 successfu l ly [saksesfali] specification [spesifikeifan]
02 professional [prafefanl] 07 i nterrupt [intadpt] 1 o approve [apru:v]
03 facility [fasilati] project [pr6d3ikt] staff room
repai r [ripear] 08 relevant [relavant]
demand [dimrend] record [rekard]
04 budget [bid3it] efficiently [ififantli]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 233

(I Past perfect cond itional
T h e past perfect conditional is used t o describe a condition contrary t o a past situation and
express the reg ret about this situation .

If + subject + had + p.p. -, subject + would/could/mig ht + have + p.p. - .

I f w e h a d fo l lowed h is advice, /we / wo u l d not have fa i l ed .

� The past perfect conditional describes the regret that we did not follow his advice, so we failed.

If I had arrived earlier, / 1 /could have resc ued/ her.

� The past perfect conditional describes the regret that I did not come earlier to rescue her.

(I) Om ission of if in past perfect conditional

It i s i mportant to remember that when if is omitted in the past perfect conditiona l , had is put at
the beginning of the sentence .

Past perfect !! she had notified us ea rlier, we would have reg istered for the c lass.
conditional
+
Subject Verb

O m ission of if
+
Verb + subject Had she n otified us earlier, we would have reg istered for the class.
Verb Subject

Had we lowered our bid, /we/ (eould win, �) /the contract.

� This is the past perfect cond itional. If is omitted and had is put at the begin ning of the sentence. The option
could have won is the correct choice.

234 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www .n h a ntrivi et.com

 Choose one correct option in the pa rentheses.
IDD
0 1 If she had earned a degree in law, she (would get, would have gotten) the position.

02 (Had, Could) it not been for her support, we would not have finished the report.

03 Mr. Holt would not have received a warning letter if he (has paid, had paid) the bill .

0 4 If the weather had been fine, the company (would go, would have gone) o n the scheduled
outing.

05 Had demand been higher, the factory (would have increased, can increase) production.

06 If Chris had been more dedicated, he (would have become, would become) a team leader.

---- Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

07 If the rental fees had been cheap in the city 09 If the interest rates for loans __ , our en-
center, the company would not __ to terprise would have considered expanding
the suburbs. its facilities.
(A) moved (C) has moved (A) fal l (C) had fal len
(8) be moved (D) have moved ( 8 ) fell (D) be fallen

08 If the candidate had been more experi­ 1 o If the train had traveled a little faster, it __
enced, Ms. Davis __ hiring him. the station on time.
(A) would have considered (A) reaches
(8) consider (8) reached
(C) considered (C) would reach
(D) woul d consider (D) wou ld have reached

Answers: p. 383

0 1 earn a degree 05 demand [dimrend] 08 candidate [krendidatJ

position [ pazifan] production [prad.AkJan] hire [haiar]
02 support [sap5:rt] 06 dedicated [dedikeitid] 09 interest rate
03 warning letter 07 renta l [rent!] loan [Imm)
bill [bill suburb [s,{ba:rb) enterprise [entarpraiz)
04 outing [autiIJ] expand [iksprend]

www nhantriviPt.com Hackers TOEIC Start ReadinQ - 2 3 5

03 Futu re Cond itional
I
• ' �J • I ' ,C - '," - '

::: ::: :;: ::: ::: :;: ;;: ::: * * :;: :;: :;: ;;:

�tr
..
·-..�1
If I should win the first prize, I wi l l travel a round the world. ..
The futu re conditional descri bes a situation which is u nl i kely to happen in the
.. futu re. ..
::: ::: :;: :;: :;: * ::: ::: ::: :;: :;: ::: ::; :;:

{I) Futu re cond itional

T h e futu re conditional i s used t o describe a forecast or worry about a present or future situ­
ation , or to make a condition about a present or future situation which i s u n l i kely to happen.

If + subject + should + bare infi nitive -, subject + wil l / ca n / may/should + bare infinitive - .

I f John s h o u l d ca l l you, / 1 /will ta ke / a message/for you .

q The futu re conditional forecasts a futu re situation.

If I should fa i l the exam, / my mother/wi l l be disappointed .

q The future conditional describes a futu re situation that is unlikely to happen .

{I> Om ission of if i n fut u re cond itional

It is i m portant to remember that when if is omitted in the future conditional , should i s put at the
beginning of the sentence .

Futu re !! time should a l low, I wi l l see you tomorrow.

conditional Subject Verb
+
O mi ssion of if

Verb + s u bject Shou ld time a l low, I wi l l see you tomorrow.

Verb Subject

Should she come bac k to me,/ 1 / (propose,�) /to her.

q This is the futu re conditiona l . If is omitted and should is put at the beginning of the sentence. The option
will propose is the correct choice.

236 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

t
mmn
Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

0 1 If the situation should get worse, the boss (restructures, will restructure) the company.

02 If the funds should allow it, we (may buy, bought) one more copy machine.

03 (Could, Should) the shipment be delayed, we will deliver your order at no cost.

04 If Jane should continue subscribing to our magazine, we (offer, can offer) a 1 5 percent
discount.

05 If the value of stocks should decrease, 06 If it should rain tomorrow, the organizing
many new companies __ bankrupt. committee __ the outdoor activities.
(A) go (C) went (A) postpone (C) will postpone
(B) goes (D) will go (B) postpones (D) would have postponed

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following memorandum.

The company's Preventive Medical Program has been largely unsuccessful. Only 30
percent of employees have taken advantage of this service. If the staff used the pro­
gram, it __ a benefit not only to them, but also to the company. We understand that
07 (A) would be (C) been
(B) be (0) have been

the early morning appointments are inconvenient for some employees. Had time not
been a constraint, we __ a better schedule. Nevertheless, please encourage our
08 (A) create (C) had been created
(B) would create (0) would have created

staff to have their physical exams.

Answers: p. 383

0 1 situation [sitfueifan] stock [stak] not only A but also B

03 shi pment [ffpmant] ban kru pt [breIJkrApt] a ppointment [ap5intmant]
at no cost 06 organizing com mittee constraint [kanstreint]
04 su bscri be [sabskraib] 0 7 largely [16 :rd3li] nevertheless [nevaroales]
_
05 val u e [vrelju:] 08 ta ke advantage of

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 Nouns (2)

Language Games

� LANGUAGE F □ CUS
Far away on a mountain,

•
• effort
�
nome a name a there is a school situated in a
Mr. Lu is making an effort to expand
small village. In spite of much
color drink
his customer base.
effo rt from the school staff,
• proportion
the proportion of children who
name a what is the
food we.other l i ke

�\&
Ms. Ray spends a large proportion of
� could use English fluently was her income on education.
still limited. The principal who
name a name a

• co ncern
game feeling

had great c o n c e r n over the English language teach­ The manager's main � is the
ing stated that he would offer i n ce n t ives to any teach­ quality of the p roduct.

ers who could find out a m e t h o d to improve children's

• incentive
English ability. Companies offer i ncent ives to attract­
. employees.
Some time later, there was an enthusiastic teacher
feeling that he had an o b ligation to solve this prob­ • method

lem. He thought that he could enhance children's

A presentation is a method of p rovid -
ing information.
English command by encouraging their p a rt i c i pa t i o n
in simple games using pictures. This way of teaching • obligatio n

was applied for two months. Then it was time to report

Factories have an obligation to p rotect
the environment.
the result to the principal.
• participation
The game was conducted by dividing the children The success of the meeting depends
into pairs in which one pupil would show the other a o n the attendees· active participation . .

card with a kind of fruit on and the other had to name • result
the fruit correctly. Then they changed the roles, show­ The resu lts of the tests will be kept
ing the cards and naming the names of fruits on them. . confidential. .

The principal attended the class, observed the

game attentively and happily stated: " Bravo! Lan­
guage games have produced desired effects. "

238 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 Respondents will receive the (results, chances, proportions) of the survey before July.

02 The company spent a large (proportion, size, incentive) of its budget on research .

0 3 Credit cards and checks are the preferred (methods, efforts, concerns) of payment.

04 Cities offer (obligations, incentives, complaints) to companies that hire disabled workers.

05 The regional office is always available and 06 Consumers have no __ to pay for
will promptly respond to any __ that goods that they did not order.
may arise. (A) obligation (C) promise
(A) agreement (C) importance (B) effort (D) exception
(B) incentives (D) concerns

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the followi ng memorandum .

From: Warren Becker, PR Department

To: All staff
Managers have agreed to set aside 5 percent of the company's funds for competency­
based training. The training department has redesigned its program in an _ to
07 (A) objection (C} effort
(B) opinion (D) influence

improve employee performance. This will be a good opportunity for staff members to
u pgrade their capabilities. Since we believe a truly successful training ultimately de­
pends on the __ of all employees, we will require everyone to attend the training
08 (A) partici pation (C) obligation
(B) proportion (D) conclusion

Answers: p. 383

0 1 respondent [risp6ndant) 05 reg ional office redesign [ri:dizain)

02 budget [b,{d3it) p romptly [pr6mptli) ca pability [keipabilati]
03 check [tfek) arise [araiz) u lti mately [Altimitli]
payment [peimant) 06 goods [gudz) depend on
04 disabled [diseibld) 07 set aside req u i re [rikwaiar)
08 com petency [k6mpatansi)

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 239

 I nvitations
I

.. In Part 7, reading passages may be i n the form of invitations to a particular event such as
a welcome party to a newly appointed employee, a farewell party to a retiring employee, a
.. luncheon, an annual meeting, an opening ceremony, etc.

a,Mt1ei·•ffittffl'iD11
Questions following the invitation are usually about the kind of event, potential participants,
specific details in the event, suggestions for potential participants, etc.

Questions about the kind of event or potential participants in an invitation

Typical questions: What event is this invitation for?
Who is this invitation for?
Reading strategy: The kind of event and potential participants are usually stated in the first part of
a reading passage.
As this is an inference question , hints for the correct answer can be found at the
beginning of a reading passage.

Questions about specific details in an event

Typical questions: Where will the event take place?
What does the invitation NOT offer to g uests?
Reading strategy: Specific details in an invitation are mainly mentioned in the middle of a reading
passage.
As this is an information or a NOT /TRUE question, first identify the key word(s) in
the question, then find hints for the correct answer in the middle of a reading
passage.

Questions about suggestions for potential participants

Typical questions: To whom should replies be sent?
What should people bring with them to the event?
Reading strategy: Suggestions for potential participants are often stated at the end of a reading
passage.

r
As this is an information question, identify the key word(s) in the question , then

1
find hints for the correct answer at the end of a reading passage.

Common expressions in i nvitations --= o =-= � =-= o-=-= o =--= o =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-=
You are cord ia lly i n vited to - on the occasion of - in honor of -
t request the p leasure of your compa ny at - Respond to -
,
0 RSVP ( Repondez s'i l vous plait) = Please reply n
� =-= =-= o � a =-= o � � =-= o � o ==-= o � o � o � o � o � o =-= �

240 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 The questions below refer to the following invitation.

You are invited to the party to celebrate the 50th anniversary

of Lyot Communication Company.

6:00 p.m. Monday, March 1 9

Sapphire Main Hall, Golden Hotel
Buffet dinner

RSVP from now to February 28

Requirements for
Reply to Mark Taylor (02) 3391 -7296
invitees

Questions: 1 .� is this invitation for?

� Kind of event
(A) The branch manager's inauguration (B) The com pany's anniversary

Key word
(A) In the company's main conference (B) In a hotel
3. When is the eadline to inform attendance?
Key word
(A) February 28 (B) March 19

Analyzing:
1 . The question asks about the kind of event. Hints for the correct answer are found at the beginning of
the reading passage. As stated in the reading passage, You are invited to the party to celebrate
the 50 th anniversary of Lyot Communication Company, it can be inferred that this is an invita­
tion to a company anniversary. Therefore, choice (B) The company's anniversary is the correct
answer.
2. This is a question about a specific detail in the event. Find relevant information to the key words
in the middle of the reading passage. According to the reading passage, Sapphire Main Hall,
Golden Hotel is where the event takes place. Choice (B) In a hotel is the correct answer.

3. This question is about the suggestion participants need to do to join the event. The hints that help
choose the answer are from RS VP from now to February 28. Choice (A) February 28 is the cor­
rect answer.

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 241

imdfaiiti••ffl\i!ti Practice para p h rasing the fol lowi ng sentences by choosing the
correct option. 1

0 1 The secretary reminded Mr. Blank of the banquet.

= The secretary brought the event to Mr. Blank's
(A) mind (B) attention

02 We let our workers vary the time when they begin or end work.
= We allow our employees to work __ hours.
(A) flexible ( B) extended

03 Ms. Gould has been promoted to Human Resources Manager.

= The new of the Personnel Department is Ms. Gould.
(A) top (B) head

04 The musicians to play at the event have not been determined.

= The performers for the event have not been
(A) decided (B) contacted

o 1 sec reta ry [sekrateri) 02 va ry [veari] 03 promote [pram6ut]

remind [rimaind] allow [alau] H u m a n Resou rces
banquet [bre IJkwit] flexible [fleksabl] Personnel Department
bri ng A to one's attention extended [ikstendid] 04 determine [dita:rmin]
mind [maind] contact [kantrekt]

242 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

05 The decision to expand overseas was agreed upon by the board.
(A) The board voted on the proposa l while meeting abroad .
(B) The proposed expansion pl ans were passed by the board .

06 Ms. Harrison is a real estate agent in the Hartford community.

(A) Ms. Harrison hel ps people find pl aces to live in Hartford .
(B) Ms. Harrison has purchased a number of houses in Hartford.

07 If the replacement parts are not available, I would like a full refund on my purchase.
(A) I would like my money back should you not have the necessary parts .
(B) As the pi eces I purchased do not satisfy me, I am req uesting a refund .

08 Mr. Chen was hired to replace Ms. Lee, the former director of the Overseas Division.
(A) Mr. Chen will succeed the previous director of the Overseas Division.
(B) M s. Lee hired Mr. Chen to be the new director of the department.

05 expand [iksprend] 07 replacement [ripleismant) Overseas Division

agree [agri:] refu nd [ri:£\lld] succeed [saksi:d)
vote [vout] necessary [nesaseri] previous [pri:vias)
proposal [prap6uzal] 08 h i re [haiar]
06 rea l estate agent replace [ripleis]
purchase [pa:rtfas] former [fo:rmar]
a n u m ber of

www.nhantriviet.co m Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 243

 Question g refers to the fol l owing invitation .

On t h e occasion o f the 75th a n n iversary o f t h e Department o f Literature, the Dea n o f St.

Sebastian U niversity's Faculty of H u manities requests the pleasure of you r company at a
reception for alumni and current students. The event will be held on campus in the Grand
Hall of the Margaret West Bu i l d i ng on J u n e 4, from 6:30 p.m. to 1 0:00 p.m. Formal attire
is requested, and light refreshments wil l be served . P l ease bri ng th is invitation to the
reception.

09 Where will the event take place?

(A) At a hotel
(B) At the faculty room
(C) At the Grand Hall

Question 1 0 refers to the fol lowi ng i nvitation .

You a re i nvited to the grand opening celebration of Honest Angie's Furn iture o n February
1 . Bring this invitation for a special preview of our wid e variety of home and office fu rni­
tu re, from traditional handcrafted cabi nets to conte mpora ry comp uter d esks. The event
will be held from 6:30 p . m . to 9:00 p.m. for i nvited guests o n ly. As a special gift to our
val u ed customers, Honest Angie's is extending a 20 percent d i scount o n a ny pu rchases
made at the party. Please RSVP in adva nce.

1 0 What does the invitation offer to customers?

(A) A special price
(B) Free del ivery
(C) A handmade basket

09 l iterature [litaratfar] 1 0 grand opening extend [ikstend]

dean [di:n] preview [pri:vju :] RSVP ( Repondez s'il vous plaTt =
faculty [fa'\kalti] variety [varaiati] Please reply)
reception [rise pfan] traditional [tradifanl] i n advance
a l u m n i [alAmnai] handcrafted [ha'\ndkrreftid]
formal attire contemporary [kantempareri]
refreshments [rifrefmants] va l ued [va'\lju:d]

244 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Questions 11-1 2 refer to the fol l owing i nvitation.

1 1 What event is t h i s i nvitation for? 1 2 Where will the event take place?

(A) A grand ope n i n g (A) In a company

(B) An awa rds banquet (B) In a hotel
(C) A teacher's meeti ng (C) I n a resta u rant
(D) A gathering of lawyers (D) I n a com m u n ity cente r

Answers: p. 383

1 1 attorney [ata:rni) festive [festiv) award [aw5:rd)

12 a ssociation [asousieifan] celebrate [selabreit) g atheri n g [greoariIJ]
request [rikwest] vibrant [vaibrant] lawyer D5 :jar)
pleasure [ple3ar) com m u n ity [kamju:nati) ta ke place
company [kAmpani] ballroom [b5:lru :m] com m u nity center
a n n u a l [renjual] cost [k:>:st]
banq uet [breIJkwit) reply to

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 245

246 www.n h antriviet.com
 0
Day 3 Week 3

Grammar
[Verba l Phrase] To- i nfi n itives
01 Positions of To-i nfi n itives
02 Fu nctions of To- i nfi n itives
03 Verbs Fol lowed by a To-infin itive

Vocabulary
Nouns (3)

Reading
Invoices

www.n hantriviet.com 247

 [Verbal Phrase] To-infinitives

Y Fun with Basic Grammar

What is a to-infin itive? Functions of to- infinitives

What I like to drink is milk.

Function as a noun Functions of
to- infinitives
I have m ilk to d rink.
Function as a n adjective

� I go to the kitchen to d rink milk.

Function as an adverb

In English, to added to a bare i nfinitive has

d ifferent functions in sentences (noun, ad­
jective, and adverb). Th is verb form is ca l led

Form of to-infinitives

A to- infinitive is formed by adding to to a bare infinitive (to + bare infinitive) .

I/ want/to discuss /the production schedule.

To + bare infinitive

r� E � � � o =-= o � o =-= o =-= o �o � o =-= o =-= 0 � 0 -=---=c o =-=

Put the following verb into the to-infinitive.
1
0
Mr. Jordan stayed in Tokyo (attend) the convention.

� � The form of the to-infinitive is to + bare infi nitive.

ij
Answer: to attend �
� o ==-= o � o =-= o =-= o � o =-= � o =-= o � o �o � o � o ��

248 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com

 ·_-·· Da y 3 !week 3
. .- <..,, L l -. --- -- . . .

Does a to-infi n itive h ave properties of a ve rb?

Although a to-infinitive cannot be the main verb of a sentence, it still has verbal properties.
Therefore, the to-infinitive is known as one of verbal phrases (besides gerunds and participles) .
For example, a to-infinitive can be followed by a complement or an object like to promote trade ,
or it can be modified by an adverb like to work abroad .
Vietnam and Japa n / sig ned /an agreement/to promote/trade.
To·infinitive Object

r
Many employees/ hope /to work/abroad .
To-infinitive Adverb

t t � o � o=-= o � o=-= o =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0=-= 0 =-= �� -

7

r
Which of the following is the to-infinitive?

·�
Some customers called us to complain the poor service.
(A ) (B)

V q Even though a to-i nfinitive can be followed by a n object, it cannot function as the m a i n verb of a sentence. V
0 D

� Answer: ( B ) n
� =-= o =-==o =-= o =-= O =-= o �o� o � o �o=-=�� o =-= o � o � J

What i s the sema ntic su bject of a to-infin itive?

In the sentence The problem is difficult for us to solve , the subject is the pro bl em ; however,
the agent who does the action solve is us. The agent performing the action mentioned in the
to-infinitive, but not the subject of a sentence, as in the above example, is called the semantic
subject of the to-infinitive. The semantic subject comes before the to-infinitive in the form of for
+ object.

The proble m / is/ difficult/for us/to solve.

Semantic subject

r \(. (/ -= o � O =-= O =-=

IV
Choose the correct option to fill the blank.
C
It is critical t o u nderstand staffs d ifficulties.
(A) for h i m (B) for his

q The blank is i n the position of the semantic subject of to understand; therefore, it should have the form
V
n of for + object. Answer: ( A ) �
� � o � o � o � o =-= o =-= o ==-= o=-=o=-== o =-== o =-= o =-== o =-= o :-= �

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 249

 .

0l
I ...,. .

Positions Ofi]��fnfin itives '

.
-il �-:i
. ' . . ,.c_:,:,.J . :.)', ..:,;;• : '., ,'
.�......:� ..........,� ....-_ .111,. �{:�...1.���-•_p i�t,'."
. .. l.. �� •' , - �·� !-, • ,;., I ... _!. •
-

(D Positions of to-i nfi n itives

A to- infinitive can be put in the position of a subject, an object, a complement, or a modifier of
a sentence.

S u bject position: To become an arch itect / i s / m y g oal.

Subject

O bject positio n : I/want/to become an architect.

Object

Complement positio n : My d ream / is /to become an arch itect.

Complement

Mod ifier position: I / have studied /to beco me an arch itect.

Modifier

(I> Parts of s peech that ca n not come in the positions of a to-i nfi n itive
Bare infinitives cannot come in the positions of a to-infinitive.
H e / decide d / (aeeefH, � /the position.
Bare infinitive (X) To-infinitive (0)
¢ Bare infinitives can not come in the position of an object, which is the position of a to-i nfinitive.

Nouns cannot come in the positions of a to-infinitive functioning as an adjective.

Th is / i s / a com plicated topic / (e><planation, �) .

Noun (X) To-infinitive (0)
¢ Nouns cannot come in the position of a modifier modifying a nother noun, which is the position of a
to-infinitive.

250 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

omn
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 We hope (gain, to gain) a greater market share.

02 Our goal is (to attract, attraction) more customers.

03 Simon's mistake was (to forget, forget) the date of the conference.

04 I am writing (inquire , to inquire) whether my order was shipped.

05 She is beginning (prepare , to prepare) the company's anniversary celebration.

06 We will need (to enhance , enhancement) the security of our website .

07 The board members unanimously agreed 09 Some residents wish __ their phone
__ Mr. Weber's suggestion. numbers after they move.
(A) accept (C) accepted (A) to keep (C) kept
(B) to accept ( D) acceptance (B) keep (D) keeper

08 One way of boosting profits is __ the 1 0 The accounting department may request
cost of production. receipts __ your expenses.
(A) reduced (C) to reduce (A) verifying (C) be verified
(B) reduce (D) reduction (B) verify ( D) to verify

Answers: p. 384

01 ma rket share 05 anniversary [renava:rsari] 08 boost [bu:st]

02 goal [goul] celebration [selabreifan] production [pradAkfan]
customer [ltistamar] 06 security [sikju arati] 09 resident [rezadant]
03 mistake [misteik] 07 board [bo:rd] 1 o accounting department
conference [k:6nfarans] unani mously (ju:nrenamasli] receipt [risf:t]
04 whether [weoar] suggestion [sagd3estfan] expense [ikspens]
ship [Jip]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 2 5 1

02 Functions of To-infi n itives
-� - - .. •'

To climb u p the mounta i n is thei r hobby.

Almost everybody gets u p early to c l i m b up the mounta i n .
To-infinitives can have d ifferent functions in a sentence. In the first sentence, i t is
a subject, and in the second one, it is a mod ifier.

(I) To-i nfin itive as a nou n

As a noun, a to- infinitive can come in the position of a subject, an object, or a complement of a
sentence. In this case, it describes an action.

S u bject: To arrive on time / is/very i m porta nt.

Subject

O bject: Jennifer/ refused /to change her opinion.

Object

Com plement: Her goal/ is /to hand in reports this week.

Complement

{I To-i nfi n itive as an adjective

A to-infinitive can follow and modify a noun, which functions as an adjective. In this case, this
to-infinitive means going to do someth ing or having to do someth i n g in the futu re.

Noun complement: Ms. Akashi / ha s / a n urgent meeting /to atte nd.

(I> To-i nfin itive a s a n adverb

A to-infinitive can stand at the beginning of a sentence or after a verb in order to mod ify the
whole sentence or the main verb, which functions as an adverb . In this case, this to-infinitive
means for the pu rpose of . . .

Modifying the whole sentence: To buy supplies, / we / need / ap prova l / from the d i rector.

Mod ifying the verb : Susan/ exercises/to maintain good health .

2 5 2 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com

umn
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 Many people prefer (invest, to invest) in the IT industry.

02 (To update, Update) our website is my main responsibility.

03 Our policy is (donation, to donate) money to charities every year.

04 He has a presentation (to make, make) on sales strategies.

05 (To protect, Protection) your skin, you should use U ltraCare sunblock.

06 She called (to reschedule, reschedule) her appointment with Mr. Lee.

07 __ the facilities before the upcoming 09 The meeting's purpose is _ improve-

event, the firm required several staff mem­ ments in employee benefits.
bers to work overtime. (A) discuss (C) discussion
(A) To inspect (C) Inspection (B) wi ll discuss (D) to d iscuss
(B) Inspected (D) Inspect
1 0 Mr. McCarran checked the advertisements
08 Every company has an obligation __ in several newspapers for a used
its workers with a safe and healthy work digital camera.
atmosphere. (A) of looking (C) look
(A) provide (C) provision (B) to look (D) looks
(B) provides (D) to provide

Answers: p. 384

01 prefer [prifa : r] 05 skin [skin] 09 pu rpose [pa :rpas]

in<;lustry [indastri] sunblock [sfoblak] i m provement [impni :vmant]
02 main [mein] 06 appoi ntment [ap5intmant] 1 o advertisement [redvartaizmant]
responsibil ity [risponsabilati] 07 faci l ity [fasilati] used [ju:zd]
03 pol icy [p6lasi] upcoming [.tpkAmil) ]
cha rity [tfrerati) firm [fa:rm)
04 presentation [pri:zenteifan] work overti me
sa les [seilz] 08 obl igation [oblageifan]
strategy [strretad3i] atmosphere [retmasfiar]

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03 .
Verbs Fol lowed by a To-i nfi n itive
.. �

:;: :;: :;: ::: =·= ::: :;: :;: ::: :.: ::: :;: :;: :;:

"
•
l-

�
I decided (to study, studyi ng) E n g l ish every day.

The verb decide needs a to-i nfi nitive as its obj ect. There a re m a ny other verbs
..

which need a to- i nfinitive as an object.

*
..
:::
"

::: :: : ::: :;: :;: :;: :;: ,;. ::: :;: :;: :;:

{I Verb + to-i nfi n itive

Below are some verbs fol lowed by a to- i nfinitive .

agree hope prom ise

choose learn refuse
decide offer want
fail plan wish

The supplier/ offered /to send samples.

The congressmen / a g reed /to a i d small enterprises .
Some people/ refuse/to pay thei r i n come taxes.

(I} Verb + object + to-i nfin itive

Below are some verbs wh ich take a to- i nfinitive as an object complement.

ask i nvite remind

encourage perm it /allow wa nt
force persuade warn

The g u a rd / a l lowed / me /to come i nto the b u i l d i n g .

Object

The manager I encouraged I us/to th i n k creatively.

Object

H e / wa nts / Susie/to correct the errors in his report.

Object

254 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n ha ntriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

01 The presenter forced attendees (to set, setting) yearly goals.

02 Bigtown, Inc. permits employees (moving, to move) to other branches.

03 The corporation wishes (relocating, to relocate) outside New York.

04 The manager promised (to lower, lowering) the sales quotas for new dealers.

,!s--""""·
Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.
..,

05 We would like to remind customers __ 06 The team failed __ the project, so they
this device cautiously. did not receive bonuses.
(A) handling (C) handle (A) complete (C) completes
(B) handled (D) to handle (B) to complete (D) completed

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following notice.

Date: August 1 0
Subject: Employee Awards N ight

We have scheduled the ceremony __ awards to the company's employees of the

07 (A) present (C) to present
(B) presents (0) presented

year for August 1 8. There will be a rehearsal on August 1 6, so please ask Jane Williams
and Ryan Monk to report to the second-floor conference hall at 5 : 00 p.m. My secretary
plans __ out the invitations to the employees and their families soon.
08 (A) to mail (C) is mailing
(B) mailed (0) mail

Answers: p. 384

0 1 presenter [prizentar] 04 sales quota employee of the year

attendee [atendi:] dealer [di:lar] rehearsa l [riha :rs a l ]
yearly Giarli] 05 device [diva.is] report [rip:'>:rt]
02 branch [bramtJ] cautiously [k:'>:fasli] secretary [sekrateri]
03 corporation [ld :rpareifan] 07 ceremony [s�ramouni] i nvitation [invateiJan]
outside [autsaid) 08 award [aw:'>:rd]

www .nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 2 5 5

 Nouns (3)
_ ·_ ..___.,., �":...a,.-).._•y,. �l.!:.-, o>J....,,,... •• . ;. ..u , .. - - __,�-:"!. • - 1 ... , J ·.., .•- • • " • - • --· .- ..t..,. --� ,. , ,

The Agri c u ltura l Revolution

�· . LANGUAGE FOCUS
The agricultural revolution in
• revo lution
the nineteenth century involved
A revolution in information technology
two things: the i nv e n t i o n of la­ has taken place.
bour-saving m a c h i n e ry and • inven tion
the develo p m e n t of scientific a g r i c u lt u re . Labour­ I nventions like the electric lig ht bu lb

saving machinery naturally appeared first where

changed the way people lived .
• machin e ry
la b o u r was scarce . " I n Europe , " said Thomas Jeffer­ You should not drive or o perate
son, "the o bject ive is to make the most of their land, machinery after ta king the med icine.

labour being abundant; here it is to make the most of • development

our labour, land being abundant" . It was in America,
We encou rage ou r staff in thei r
development of new skills.
therefore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century
• agriculture
agricultural machinery first came. M ost of the popu lation is employed
in �g ricu ltu re a nd fishing,
• la bour
At the opening of the century,
The demand for skilled labour i n t he
with the except i o n of a crude building industry is high.
plow, farmers could have car­ • obj ective
ried practically all of the existing agricultural i m ple­ The main objective of the department

ments on their backs; by 1 860 , most of the machin­

is to identify market opportu n ities,
• adva n ce
ery in use today had been designed in an early form. I n spite of all its advances, medical sci­
The most important of the early inventions was the ence still knows little about the brain.

iron plow. As early as 1 790, Charles Newbold of New • exception

Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron
There are some �ptions lo every
g ra m matical ru le.
plow and spent his entire fort u n e in introducing his
• i m plement
invention. The farmers, however, would have none of Agricultu ral implements inclu de
it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made
plows, threshers, axes. cu tters,

the weeds grow. N evertheless, many people devoted

cu lt ivators, seed d rills, etc.
• fortu n e
their atte n tio n to the plow until in 1 869 , James Oliver Hen ry Ford made h i s fortune with the
of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled­ Model T.

steel plow. • attention

It's lime now to turn our attention to
the committee·s recommendations.

256 - Hackers TOEIC Start Read ing www.n hantriviet.com

. Day 3 W�ek 3 ' '
.1 , �, • .,_,,, • ... 4.,:�::r. !.,A-.._ _'.:___ • �L
... • • , ' • I --

Choose one correct o ption i n the parentheses.

0 1 The company needs a consultant with (inqui ry, expertise, defects) in real estate.

02 The CEO should ensure the (stabi lity, issue, request) of the company.

03 Stock price is an (indicator, invitation, expertise) of expected future profits.

04 The medication reduces the (duration, profits, purpose) of symptoms associated with the flu.

141®1•Giftl,ti
� Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

0 5 Mr. Robert recently received an __ to 06 __ for additional copies should be

participate in the annual conference. addressed to the Service Center.
(A) expression (C) ind icator (A) Requests (C) Reti rements
(B) invitation (D) honor (B) Developments (D) Facilities

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to th e fol lowing letter.

We ordered car accessories from your company and were very impressed with the
speedy delivery. However, some of the accessories were damaged. Because of the
__ , we were not able to meet an important deadl ine, and the actual __ from the
07 (A) alterations (C) charges 08 (A) incentive (C) price
(B) shortages (D) defects (B) profit (D) concern

sale of these cars was much less than we estimated. Since the problem was caused by
your company, we feel that our losses should be compensated.

Answers: p. 384

01 consultant [kansiltant] symptom [sfmptam] 07 accessory [aksesari]

real estate associated with 08 da maged [dremid3d]
02 ensure [infuar] 05 partici pate [pa:rtfsapeit] meet a dead line
03 stock price annual conference estimate [estameit]
expected future profit 06 additional [adifanl] loss [hs]
04 med ication [medikeifan] add ress [adres] com pensate [k6mpanseit]
reduce [ridju:s]

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Read ing - 257

 • "1 I
'
l
• � 1 ',

. ·111voic·es
\��� ·�.._�J...;.1 ;.�� ..,> ... ' • .. ' .

� � 0 � 8 � � � 0 8 � � 0 �

:.; I n Pa rt 7, reading passages may be i n the form of i nvoices which show major deta i ls related -::
to payment for commodities or services that a supplier has done for customers .
:i: :·: ::: :·: :·: ::: ::: :·: ::: :·: :": :·: ::: :::

a.i4fi,i••:©tm1flllm
Questions related to i nvoices usually ask about the recipient , the amount of money i n an i n­
voice, the dates as well as other specific details in an i nvoice .
Questions about the recipient of an invoice
Typical questions: Who is the i ntended recipient of this i nvoice?
Who is the invo ice i ntended for?

Reading strategy: The recipient of an invoice is often stated in the fi rst part of a read ing passage.
Usually, the name of the company and the sender may be found at the top of an
invoice. The section B i l l to provides information about the recipient of the invoice
or the one who pays the invoice. The section Ship to ind icates the desti nation
where delivery is sent .
Questions about the amount of money shown i n an i nvoice
Typical questions: How much has the customer already paid?
What is i n cluded in the total price?
Reading strategy: Information about the amount of money d isplayed in an invoice is often shown in
the m iddle of a read ing passage.
Questions about money are often information questions. Identify the key word(s)
in the question . Then locate hints for the correct answer in the middle of a reading
passage.
Questions about the dates and other specific details in an i nvoice
Typical questions: When was the o rder sent?
What CAN NOT be known from the invoice?
Reading strategy: The dates and other specific detai ls in an invoice can be fp und throughout a
read ing passage.
As this is an information or a NOT /TRUE question, identify the key word (s) in the
question first. Then locate hi nts for the correct answer in a reading passage.

Q;' Common expressions in i nvoices --=-= � � =-= o � o � o =-== � • =-= 1

] i nvoice bill to balance due deliver charge
item payment method outstanding balance total a mount due V
price payment date late payme nt make payable to n
qua ntity
order number
ship to
billing date
due
due date
overdue charge
deposit
shipping and hand ling
I
U
==--= -==--==- 0 -==--==-- 0 ==--= 0 ==---= 0 =--:::. 0 ==--=- o--1

258 - Hackers TOEIC Start Readino www.nhantriviet.com

 The q uestions below refer to the fol lowi ng invoice.

Heading -------1r-t I nvoice

Name of the com pany Joy Interior
Address --------+--1 5 1 2 Ralph Avenue, Orchard Park, NY
Information of Bill to : Clair Park, ESL Institute Manager Invoice Date: October 1 1
----f!-1
the recipient 1 00 1 Essex Way, New York , NY Phone: 051 221

Item Name Quantity Unit Price Total

SCH-09 Table set for 2 30 $80 $2,400
Deta i led i nformation MXT- 1 5 Conference
1 $1 ,200 $1 ,200
table for 1 2
LC-1 09 Cabinet 3 $350 $ 1 ,050
Total : $4,650
Deposit: $850
Total amount due: $3 ,800
Req u i rements --------- • All invoices should be paid within 1 4 days from the date the delivery note is issued.

Questions: 1 . Who is th�of this i nvoice?

� Key word
(A) Joy I nterior (8) ESL Institute
2.�as the customer�a�?
� Key word
(A ) $850 ( 8) $4,650

3. What �from the i nvoice?

�Key word
(A) I nvoice date ( 8) Payment method

Analyzing:
1. This question is about the invoice recipient. Find the relevant information to the key word at the beginning of
the reading passage. Through the section Bill to: Clair Park, ESL Institute Manager, it can be inferred that
the invoice is sent to the ESL I n stitute. Therefore, choice (8) ESL Institute is the correct answer.
2. This is clearly a money-related question. Find the relevant information to the key words in the middle of the
reading passage. The key word al ready paid is paraphrased in the reading passage as deposit. Choice
(A) $850 is the correct answer.
3. This question is about the specific details in the invoice. As this is a NOT /TRUE question , find and compare
the information related to the given options in the reading passage. Choice (A) is mentioned in the reading
passage by Invoice Date: October 1 1 . Choice (8) Payment method is not mentioned. Then (8) is the cor­
rect answer.

www.n h antrivi et.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 2 5 9

 P ractice para p h rasing the fol lowing sentences by choosing the
co rrect optio n .

0 1 Please make checks payable to Union Atlantic.

= Checks should be to Union Atlantic.
(A) reviewed (8) addressed

02 Now that we have the extra fu nds, the project seems feasible.
= As we have received financing, it is to start the project.
(A) possible (8) effective

03 Take the amount of money we have into consideration when purchasing new computers.
= When ordering new computers, please keep our in mind.
(A) budget (8) bonus

04 If the past-due charges are not paid, we will suspend your cred it card account.
= If your bill is not paid, service will be
(A) interru pted (8) activated

01 paya b l e[peiabl] seem [si:m] 04 past-due cha rg e

review [rivju :] feasible [fi:zabl] suspend [saspend)
add ress [adres] financing [fainrensiIJ) i nterru pt [1ntarApt]
02 now that 03 take A into consideration activate [rektaveit]
extra [ekstra] keep i n mind
fu nd [wid] budget [bAd3it)

260 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nh antriviet.com

0 5 Customers who pay their bills online will receive a 5 percent discount off the total.
(A) Early payment will result in a partial fee reduction.
(B) To save money, pay your bills on the Internet.

06 Customers who have no outstanding payments will get free repair.

(A) Free repairs are given to customers who do not owe money.
(B) Customers who ma ke their payments on time can receive on-site repair service.

07 To get a free quote for our services, click here and fill in the appropriate information.
(A) Com plete the form to get an estimate at no charge.
(B) We will be glad to visit and give you a free estimate.

08 An additional $1 00 will be added to your bill for the hotel's daily breakfast plan .
(A) You must deposit $ 100 in order to receive a meal.
(B) You will be charged extra money for a meal plan.

05 partial [p6 :rfal] on time estimate [estamat]

reduction [ridAkfan] on-site repair service at no charge
06 outstanding [autstrendi.I)] 07 quote [kwout] 08 additional [ad.ffanl]
repair [ripear] fi l l in add [red]
owe [ou] appropriate [apr6uprieit] deposit [dip6zit]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 2 6 1

 Question g refers to the following invoice.

This i nvo ice is a confi rmati o n that you r order for the fo l lowi ng items has been received :
- 1 0 boxes of S u per Fi n e A4 paper ( $ 1 0 . 50/box)
- 5 boxes of Black Gel pens ($6.95/box)
- 1 box of 3oz, paper cups ($3.00/box)
The total, including 1 0% sa l es tax, is $ 1 57.02. Al l o rders of $ 1 00 a n d over a re exe m pt
fro m s h i p pi ng charges.

09 Accord ing to the invoice, why is the del ivery free?

(A) It is free on the fi rst order.
(Bl It has been paid a l ready.
(C) The order is above a certa in amount.

Question 1 0 refers to the following i nvoice.

. Sport & Cycl e

- - -
S h i pment Date: May 4

Tec h n i x Tire !I 2 · $36.95- - 11 - $ 73.90-

Cortex Seat II 1 $24.85 ll $24.85

The Reynolds.Seat that you ordered is cu rrently out of stock. We do n ot a ntici pate the a r­
riva l of our n ext s h i pment until the end of J u ne. Although we tried to contact you seve ra l
times about the matte r, we were u n a b l e to reach you . As a result, we hav.e included the
1
. Co rtex Seat in yo u r ord e r .Please n ote that th e price of the Cortex Seat is a ctu a l ly $39.99.
--
..'_y ·:::;.;..���:- ._. �4.iu...i:J(...;;�1,.,i..:�!:�. "! �J� ;i:o��'.:.t'�J- · _ ... ..:.::�..·-:�·i �.:- l..ai �-- - .:.-·-� . ·.-. .L.;
� ,.
...: :. .·, .. -._._ . ;· r_ �.�·-;;.. ·· . :, _ .

1 O What does Sport & Cycle say about the order?

(A) They offered a d i scou nt on the Cortex Seat.
(B) They wi l l send the Reynolds Seat in June.
(C) They expect a new s h i pment of Co rtex Seat soon.

0 9 confirmation [konfarmeifan] a bove [abAv] 1 O quantity [kw6ntati]

i ncluding [inkhi :diIJ] certai n [sa:rtn] out of stock
sales tax amount [amaunt] a n ticipate [rentisapeit]
exem pt [igzempt] note [nout]

262 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h antriviet.com

 Questions 11-1 2 refer to the fol lowi ng i nvoice.

EZ LCD screen 2 $1 49.00 $298. 00

Overhead projector $474.99 $474.99
Box of pens (1 2 pcs included) 5 $1 5.00 $75. 00
Subtotal
Sales Tax (8%)
Total Amount Due

1 1 Who is supposed to pay for the purchase? 1 2 What is NOT included in this invoice?
(A) Office Experts (A) The payment due date
(B) Brian Dennis (B) The total amount the recipient owes
(C) Vega Solutions Co. (C) The client's telephone number
(D) Mack Publications (D) The address to which to send checks

Answers: p. 384

1 1 bill [bil] back order owe [ou)

1-2 ship (lip] be su pposed to client [klaiant)
description [diskripfan) purchase [pa:rtfas)
overhead projector recipient [risipiant)

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 r

264 www .nhantriviet.com

 0
Day 4 Week 3

Grammar
[Verba l Phrase] Geru nds
01 Positions a n d Functions of Geru nds
02 Verbs Fol lowed by a Geru nd
03 Expressions Fol l owed by a Gerund

Vocabulary
Nouns (4)

Reading
Schedu les

www.nhantriviet.com 265
 [Verbal Phrase] Gerunds

� Fun with Basic Grammar

Functions o f gerunds

I love read ing books.

Function as a noun
Functions of gerunds

The -ing form of a verb u sed as a noun is ca lled

a geru n d .
.,

Form of geru nds

A gerund is formed by adding -ing to a bare i nfinitive (bare infin itive + -ing) .

Ms. Holly/ postponed / completing the papers .

Bare infinitive + -ing

r C E u � o =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-=0 =-= 0 =--= 0=--=0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-=

Put the following verb into the gerund .

1

! She fi nished __ (send) out the invitations.

ij
� ¢ The form of the geru nd is bare infinitive + -ing. Answer: sending �
� =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0=--= 0 =-= 0=--=0=-=0=--=0 =--= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0=--= �

266 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Differences between a noun and a gerund
A gerund can take an object, but a noun cannot. I n add itio n , a gerund cannot be preceded by
an article, while a noun can .

S he / stopped / co l lecti n g comic books.

Gerund Object

We / went to � park/ after l u n c h .

Article Noun

u p- o � o - o - o =-<= o � o =--= o - o - o� o - o =--= �

� Which of the fol l owing fits the sentence?

ij Many workers enjoy _ the leadership tra i n i ng program.
� (A)

ij
attenda nce ( B) attending

�
¢ Because there is the object the leadership training program after the blank, a geru nd is needed to
com plete the sentence. !
Answer: ( B) �
� � o =-= o =-c= o =-= o =-= o � o =-= o � o =-= •=-=o=-==o� o � � �

Does a gerund have properties of a verb?

Even though a gerund cannot function as a main verb, it does have verbal properties, which i s
simi lar to a to-infin itive . A gerund c a n take an object or a complement and can be mod ified by an
adverb.

We/ consider/ i m p rovin g hea lth care.

Gerund Object

Exerc ising reg u l a rly / is / i mporta nt.

Gerund Adverb

re (I P--= O =-<= O =--= O � o � O =-<= O =--= o � o � o =--= 0 =-<= 0 =-c=�

v ri
� Which of the following is the gerund? �
Our company attem pted red ucing the n umber of paid holidays.
n �
(A) (B)
0 c,

� ¢ A geru nd can take an object but it cannot be the main verb of a sentence. Answer: ( B J �
� =-= O =-= � =-== o =-= o =-= � o =-= o � o =-= o��� o =-= o ==-= o =-= �

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01 Positions and Functions of Gerunds

--­,...,.
· ·�
I love traveling by air.
I n this sentence, the phrase traveling by air comes in the position of the obj ect
of the verb love. A gerund ca n come in different positions in a sentence.
. �

(I) Positions and fu nctions of geru nds

A gerund can be used as a noun; therefore, it can be put in the position of a subject, an object,
a complement, or right after a preposition , which functions as a noun.

Subj ect position : Playing the g u itar/ i s / one of my hobb ies .

Subject

O bject positi o n : I / like/ getti ng up ea rly in the morning.

Object

Comple ment positio n : My main interest/is/writing poetry .

Complement

After a prepositi o n : La u ren /left/witho ut sayi ng a word .

Preposition

P a rts of speech that ca n not come in the positions of a geru n d

Bare infin itives cannot come in the positions o f a gerund.

{Demand,�) a raise in salary / is n ot acceptable.

Bare infinitive (X) Gerund (0)
� A gerund, not a bare i nfinitive, must come i n the subject position .

A gerund can follow a preposition, while a bare infinitive or a to-infinitive cannot.

The owner/cared / a bout {to improve,�) service.

Preposition To-infinitive (X) Gerund (0)
� A geru nd, not a to-infinitive, is needed after a preposition .

2 6 8 - Hackers T0EIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

01 Neil, Inc. has begun (produce, producing) memory chips.

02 Stress can prevent one from (sleeping, slept) well.

03 Our first priority is (confirm, confirming) all our hotel reservations.

04 (Read, Reading) the instructions on the package is essential .

05 W e stopped (developing, develop) alternative fuels due to financial difficulties.

06 You should look around before Uoining, to join) a health club.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

07 __ the speech several times before 09 The company's first priority is __ its
the ceremony is necessary. customers with high-quality products.
(A) Practice (C) Practiced (A) provides (C) p rovid ing
(B) Practices (D) Practicing (B) provide (D) p rovided

08 The Cohen Company started __ wall­ 1 0 Competitiveness is maintained by __

paper with flower designs last year. the skills of the employees.
(A) ma king (C) made (A) upgrading (C) to upgrade
(B) make (D) of making (B) upgrades (D) upgraded

Answers : p. 384

02 prevent [privent] 05 a lternative fuel 09 major [meid3ar]

03 first priority financial [fainrenfall concern [kansa:rn]
reservation [rezarveiJan] 06 look a round 1 0 competitiveness [kampetativnis]
04 instruction [instdkJan] 07 speech [spi:tj] maintai n [meintein]
package [prekid3] ceremony [seramouni]
essential [isenJal] necessa ry [nesaseri]
08 w a l l pa per [w5:lpeipar]

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02 Ve rbs Fo llo we d by a Ge ru nd

(I) Verb + gerund

Below are some verbs followed b y a gerund.

avoid enjoy postpone

consider fin ish recommend
deny give up suggest

The entrepreneur/ considered / buying the hotel.

Teenagers / enjoy / listening to music / online.

Verb + geru n d / to-i nfi n itive

Below are some verbs followed by either a gerund or a to-infinitive.

attempt hate love

beg i n i ntend prefer
continue like start

They / continued / prod ucing texti les.

= They / continued /to produce texti les.

www.nhantriviet.com
270 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading
t
IDB
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 I personally prefer (take, taking) public transportation to work.

02 Mr. Fox denied (receiving, to receive) a bribe for a venue bid.

03 The government attempted (to stop, stop) illegal immigration.

04 Ms. Rho asked her attorney to finish (reviewing, to review) the contract by tomorrow.

05 Avoid (to expose, exposing) the disc to intense direct light as this may ruin it.

06 The CEO enjoys (talking, to talk) with each staff member in the department.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.

07 The film is considering __ a strict 09 The marketing manager suggested __

policy regarding employee absences. the logo to enhance the image of the
(A) to introduce (C) introduced company.
(B) introduce (D) introducing (A) change (C) to change
(B) changing (D) of changing
08 We strongly recommend __ rooms
more than eight weeks in advance during 1 0 Toby Electronics requests that customers
the busy summer months. postpone __ GXT 250 laptops until the
(A) books (C) booking technical issues are resolved.
(B) to book (D) be booked (A) purchase (C) purchasing
(B) purchased (D) to purchase

Answers: p. 384

0 1 personally [pa:rsanali) 04 attorney [ata:rni) 09 enhance [inha\ns)

public tra nsportation contract [k.6ntrrekt) 1 0 postpone [pous tp6un)
02 bribe [braib) 05 i ntense [intens) resolve [riz6lv)
venue [venju:) d i rect l i g ht
bid [bid) ru i n [ni:in)
03 govern ment [givarn mant) 07 pol icy [p6lasi)
illegal [ili:gal) absence [a\bsans)
i m m i g ration [lmagreifan) 08 in advance

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03 Expressions Followed by a Gerund

{I> Col l ocations with a gerund

Below are some collocations with a . gerund .

be aware of V-ing feel like V-ing

be busy V-ing go V-ing
be capable of V-ing keep (on) V-ing
be worth V-ing on V-ing
have difficulty (in) V-ing spend + time / money + V-ing

I / feel l i k e / having pizza.

I / had d iffi c u lty / co m m u n icatin g in English.
We / spent/a l ot of ti m e / c o l lecti n g i nformati o n .

(I Preposition to + gerund
T h e preposition to is followed b y a gerund . To i s sometimes misunderstood a s to i n a to­
infinitive; the refore, be careful to use a geru n d , not a bare i nfinitive, after the preposition to.

be committed to V-ing contribute to V-ing

be devoted to V-ing look forward to V-ing
be used to V-ing object to V-ing

I / look forward / to m eeting you.

The farmers / objected /to l oweri ng trade barriers.
The e mp loyees / a re used /to h a n d l i n g c o m p l a i nts.

272 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

� Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.
lmD
0 1 Our consultants are aware of (making, to make) new trends in the international market.

02 The new Greek restaurant is worth (to try, trying) .

03 Every company division will contribute to (improve, improving) productivity.

04 The firm spends a lot of money (advertising, advertisement) new goods.

� Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.
144Pfflltm§frtl!LI
05 The government is committed to __ 06 The new computer is capable of __ large
natural resources. amounts of data.
(A) preserving (C) preserved (A) processed (C) be processing
(8) preserve (D) preservation (8) process (D) processing

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowi ng e-mai l .
From: [email protected]
To: [email protected]
Dear Mr. Fields,
This is in reply to your request for information on investment agencies. There are a few
agencies in Connecticut that have excellent reputations. However, I would like to recom­
mend __ the Catalonia Foreign Investment Agency. The Catalonia Agency was
07 (A) hire (C) hiring
(B) hires (D) to hire
involved in __ 24 foreign investment projects in the past year. One chemical
08 (A) secure (C) to secure
(B) secured (D) securing
manufacturing project represented an investment of $400 million. I have attached a
scanned version of their brochure. Catalonia's website is www.catalonia-invest.com.

Answers: p. 384

01 trend [trend] natu ral resources foreign [fo:ran]

03 d ivision [divi3an] 07 in reply to i nvolve i n
productivity [proudAktivati] 08 investment [investmant] chemical [kemikal]
04 firm [fa:rm] agency [eid3ansi] represent [reprizent]
goods [gudz] reputation [repjuteifan] attach [atretf]
05 government [g.{varnmant] recommend [rekamend] broch u re [broufur]

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A " G e nerous " Tearn Leader

An overseas business team has been under the

s u p e rvision of Mr. Simpson - team leader - for three
years. Mr. Simpson has been really suitable for the
position because he not only has a wide knowled g e
o f foreign markets but also i s good at taking notes i n
conferences t o produce full s u m m a r i e s .

Wel l , I'm going t o invite you t o lunch today.

What are you going to order? You a l l know
the dishes that cons ist of two words are

but whe n
Overall , Mr. Simpson is a nice person,
his employees
goin g to a restaurant, he does not give
es they like . As
any opp ortu nitie s to choose the dish
eat pizza or pasta. "
always, he just sug gests "Let's
have any other op ­
His employees, of course , d o not
ordered . This has ,
tion s, eat ing what Mr. Sim pson has
the m, and any new
thu s, become a p rac tice among
uld be fully aware of this
em ployee join ing his team sho
a or pasta when invited
practice by just orderin g a pizz
m leader.
to lunch by this "generous " tea

I'l l have
a pi zza , also . Me, too .

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274 - Hac kers TOE IC Start Read ing
mmn
Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

0 1 Guests will have the (complaint, effort, opportunity) to try new wines.

02 The following is a (total, point, summary) of activities scheduled for this year.

03 The hotel is gaining (participation, discount, popularity) because of its facilities.

04 Mr. Dyen will secure his (schedule, position, order) as a manager for another year.

0 5 Every customer will have the __ of 06 Chang ing the locks frequently is a highly
canceling the order at any time. recommended __ .
(A) summary (C) exception (A) plot (C) spot
(B) option (D) expertise (B) point (D) practice

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowi ng memorandu m.

I am pleased to announce that Mary M u rphy was recently promoted to manager of the
real estate development department. She will start her new position on M ay 1 5 . Most of
you know that the company's sales department has been under the __ of
07 (A) attendance (C) provision
(B) supervision (D) sight

Ms. Murphy for two years. During that period, a comprehensive __ of the property
08 (A) knowledge (C) ability
(B) opinion (D) obl igation

development industry has allowed her to increase the company's real estate sales by
1 50 percent.

Answers : p. 384

02 the fol lowing freq uently [fri:kwantli] promote [pram6ut]

03 facility [fasilati] high ly [haili] real estate development department
04 secure [sikjuar] recommend [rekamend] position [paziJan]
05 customer [ltistamar] O} pleased [pli:zd) com prehensive [komprihensiv]
cancel [krensal) 08 annou nce [anauns] property [praparti]
06 lock [lok] recently [ri:sntli] i ncrease [inkri:s]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 275

 Schedules
✓- '" .- - •

� � . -

.. In Part 7, reading passag es may be in the form of schedu les or timeta

bles such as schedu les for
.. a conference, a performance, an event, or travel itineraries. Confer ..
ence schedu les genera lly
show the presenters, the topic presented, and the venue. Travel itinerar
ies normal ly contain
.. dates, departures and arrivals, departure /arrival times, and flight number s.
:J:

&. ❖fi,\•ii®iilflildM
A conference schedule or an event schedule is often followed by questions about the
detailed
information of a conference or an event such as the subject, the venue, the planner of the confer­
ence/event, etc. A travel itinerary is often followed by questions about the travel agency or travelers,
the departure and arrival time, and the detailed traveling plan mentioned.

Questions about a conference or an event - the subject, the venue, the conference/ event planner
Typical questions: What is the main subject of the conferenc e?
Who arranged the event on March 6?
Reading strategy: The subject of a conference or an event is often stated at the beginning of a
reading passage. The conference/ event planner is often discussed either at the
beginning or at the end of a reading passage.
As this is the topic / purpose question, hints for the correct answer can be found
at the beginning of a reading passage. On the other hand, questions about the
conference / event planner or other specific information are information ques­
tions ; therefore, identify the key word(s) in the question, then locate the infor­
mation that is related to the key word(s) for the answer.

Questions about a travel itinerary - the travel agency or travelers , the departure and arrival
time, the detailed traveling plan mentioned in the travel itinerary
Typical questions: What time will the travelers depart from New York?
What is NOT included in the itinerary?
Reading strategy: Detailed information of a travel itinerary is often presented in the middle and at
the end of a reading passage.

=-=l
As this is an information or a NOT /TRUE question, first identify the key word(s)
in the question, and then find hints for the correct answer in a reading passage .
==-= 0 =-=0
� Common expressions i n conference / event schedu les or travel iti neraries
� agenda add ress conference convention
t keynote speaker
registration
speech
workshop
session partici pant
�
. .
arriva l confirm departu re desti nation o
ij itinerary non-stop flight one-way reservatio n �
_
� round tnp A
� =-= o =-= 0 ==-= 0 ==-=0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 ==-=0 =-= 0 =-=0 =-= =-=0=-=0 =-= �

2 7 6 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 The questions below refer to the following itinerary.

Heading -------!'-! Happy Tour Travel Agency

Planner: Laura: Simpson
Recipient: Barbara Cats

Date Departure Arrival Departure Time Flight N u m ber

September 4 Tokyo Osaka 2:00 p.m. Jf'.L 740

I . . .t
September 9 Osaka New York 9:30 a.m. JAL 9 1 8
September 1 3 New York Seoul 7:00 p. m. K E 1 027

Please call 222- 1 004, or visit the website www.happytour.com to

make any changes.

Questions: 1 . Who is�

� Key word
(A) An airport personnel (B) A travel agent
2. Where is the�of this trip?
� Key word
(A) Osaka (B) Seoul

Ana lyzing:

1. From the key word Lau ra Sim pson in the question, it can easily be inferred that the question
is about the travel agent or travelers. Find the information related to the key word Laura Sim p­
son in the reading passage. As stated at the beginning of the reading passage - Planner:
Laura Simpson , it can be inferred that laura Simpson is an agent of the Happy Tour Travel
Agency. Choice (8) A travel agent is the correct answer.
2. This question is about the details in the itinerary. The key word fi n a l stop in the question is
paraphrased as arriva l in the itinerary. According to the schedule, the last stop is in Seoul on
September 1 3. Choice (B) Seoul is the correct answer.

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 277

 '

I
' . '
. .�..'..L._ -__.�_........_1,,a . ,__: .___j...:, ' -- - ' ., • - •
•

P ractice para p h rasing the fo l lowing sentences by choosing the

•
I •
• I

correct option .

0 1 All the buses will depart at the exact time noted i n the timetable .
= Every vehicle will leave as scheduled.
(A) appropriately (8) promptly

02 This program is designed to protect our nation's natural resources.

= This program is an effort to _ _ the state's natural resources.
(A) preserve (8) purcha se

mers comp lained .

03 The came ra was so comp licated to use that many custo
= Many custo mers were dissatisfied because the new came
ra was too

(A) com plex (8) conte nt

h the spea kers due to a late arriv al.

04 The conf eren ce coordinator had to switc
arriv ed late.
=A of speakers was made because someone
(A) tran sformation ( 8) change

04 coordi nato r (kou 5:rd aneitar]

state [steit]
01 dep art [dip6 :rt] switc h [switf)
pres erve [priz a:rv]
exact [igzrekt] arriv al [araival]
03 com plica ted (k6mplakeitid]
timetable [taimteibl] tran sform ation [trrensfarmeiJan)
com plain (kamplein]
appropria tely [apr6 upriatli]
d issat isfied [dissretisfaid]
prom ptly [pr6m ptli]
com plex (k6mpleks]
02 desi gn [diza inl
cont ent (kante nt)
natu ral reso u rces

www.nha ntriv iet.c om

278 - Hackers TOEI C Start Read ing
05 The weather caused us to fall behind schedule and miss construction deadlines.
(A) Extra ti me was given due to the expansion of the project.
(8) The project was delayed because of the weather.

06 An excursion to the historic site is included in the conference program .

(A) A tour is provided for pa rtici pants of the conference.
(8) The conference is designed for members of historical associations.

07 The department manager will give instructions to new employees about their jobs.
(A) The new staff mem bers will be informed of their tasks by the department hea d .
( 8 ) Each department su pervisor will give a ta l k o n duties related t o the new project.

08 A ceremony was held last year to celebrate the official opening of the AEU .
(A) The AEU held a ceremony to celebrate its one-year anniversary.
(8) The found ing of the AEU in the previous yea r was ma rked by a special event.

05 fa l l behind 06 excursion [ikska :r3an] 08 celebrate [selabreit]

m iss [mis] historic site official [afifal]
construction [kanstrAkfan] include [inklu:d] a n n i versa ry [mnava:rsari]
deadline [dedlain] association [asousieifan] fou n d i n g [faundi.JJ]
expa nsion [iksprenfan] 07 task [tresk] previous [pri:vias]
delay [dilei] d uty [dju :til mark [mo:rk]
related [rileitid]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readino - 2 7 9

 IDB Que stion 9 refers to the fol lowin g sche du le.

Th e ih Annual Ro botics Tech nology Convention will be h e l d at t h e Im perial Pa lace Hotel

from February 2 to 9. The d a i ly agenda fo r the conventio n wi l l include informati o n ses­
sions with individ u a l compan i es in the morn i ngs, fo l l owed by speeches by leaders in the
robotics industry in the afternoons. On the weekend, practical workshops wi l l ta ke place
for people i n terested i n learn i ng about special topics related to robots. Please be awa re
that adva n ce registration is req u i red in order to participate in the workshops.

09 What must be done to participate in the workshops?

(A) Participants must be leaders in the industry.
(8) Participa nts must sign up ahead of time.
(C) Participants m ust attend the morn ing exh i bitions.

Question 10 refers to the fol lowing sched ule.

Date Exhi bition Location

March 3-6
March 4 - 10 Pacific Hall I nternational Automobile Exh ibition
March 4-6 Indian Hall I nternational Exh ibition of Office Supplies
March 5-6 Arctic Hall I nternational Summer Fashion Show

1 0 Where should you go if you are interested in i nternational cloth ing?

(A) Atlantic H a l l
( 8 ) Pacific H a l l
(C) Arctic H a l l

0 9 convention [kanvenfan) related [rileitid) participate [po:rtisapeit)

agenda [ad3enda] be aware attend [atend]
ind ivid ua l [indavid3ual) advance [adva'ins] exhi bition [eksabifan]
practical [prrektikal] registration [red3istreifan]

280 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n ha ntriviet.com

___,,,,...,_ Questions 11-1 2 refer to the fol l owing sched u l e .

1 1 What w i l l M r . Doyle do a t t h e event? 1 2 What will happen if u nfavorable weather

(A) Conduct an orchestra conditions ari se?
(B) Play jazz music (A) The event wi l l be held at another ti me .
(C) Give a lectu re (B) The festiva l wi l l be canceled .
(D) Perform on the d rums (C) The concert wi l l be held indoors.
(D) The festival w i l l continue as scheduled.

Answers: p . 384

1 1 sponsor [sp6nsar] contemporary [kantempareri] unfavorable [.\nfeivarabl]

12 foundation [faundeifan] relieve [rili:v] arise [araiz]
percussion [parkAJan] in the event of indoors [ind5:rz)
healing [hi:liIJ) postpone [pous tp6un]

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282 www.n hantriviet.com
 0
Day 5 Week 3

Grammar
[Verba l Phrase] Pa rtici p l es
01 Positions and Functions of Part i c i p l es
02 Partici ple Phrases
03 Present Partici ples and Past Parti c i p l es

Vocabulary
Adjectives (1 )

Reading
Surveys

www.nhantriviet.com 283
 [Verbal Phrase] Participles

� Fun with Basic Grammar

Functions of pa rticiples
The n oise wakes u p a sleeping rabbit.
Adjective
Functions of participles
� Sleeping mod ifies the noun
�
rabbit and descri bes the action �
of sleeping of the ra bbit. A djective
The word wh ich has the characteristics of a
verb and functions as an adjective mod ifyi ng
a noun is ca lled a participle.
"

Form of participles

Participles are divided into present participles and past participles, which are differently
formed. A present participle is formed by adding - i n g to a bare infinitive (bare infinitive + - i ng)
and conveys an active meaning. On the other hand, a past participle is formed by adding -ed to
the bare infinitive (bare infinitive + -ed) of a regular verb; irregular verbs have their own forms. A
past participle conveys a passive meaning.

Present partici ple bare infinitive+ -ing exciting

Past participle bare infinitve + -ed excited

It/ was/ an exciting trip.

Present participle (Active meaning)

He/ remove d / the broken glass.

Past participle (Passive meaning)

� U � o =-= o � o =-= o =-= o � o � o �o� o � • � • =--= �

�(.
� Which of the fol l owing fits the sentence?
o The firm postponed (plan, plan ned) wage increases. 0

� Q A past participle i ndicates a passive meaning . Answer: planned �

� ==--=- o- =---==- o ==--= � =--== =--= o ==--= o =--=:=-;- ,0 .=--== o � o -=---=
- o===---:=: -o ==---= O � o -=--= JJ
284 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com
 Does a pa rticiple have properties of a verb?
Even though i t cannot function as a main verb, a participle has verbal properties (a to-infinitive
and a gerund can, too) . A participle can take an object or a complement and can be modified by an
adverb.

I / know/ the woma n / taking pictures.

Participle Object

The news / annou nced yesterday/ su rprised / us.

Participle Adverb

r< \c.. " --=- -=--=- •==--=- -=--==- :=--=: 0 -=--==- 0 -==--=- 6 � 0 -=--==- 0 --=--=.: 0 ----= 0 -==--== �

� Which of the followi ng is the partici ple?

�
The man driving the red car al most hit the passer-by.
ij
O
V
0

� (A) (B) n
� q A participle can be followed by an object, but it ca nnot be the main verb in a sentence.
0

V
0

� Answer: (A) �

What is a participle phrase?

A participle phrase is formed by reducing an adjective clause or an adverb clause into a phrase
using a participle. A participle phrase functions as an adjective phrase or an adverb phrase and
stands at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a sentence.

Renovated i n 2006, / the ga llery / continues/to add / new exh ibit rooms.
Participle phrase

�< \t u -= � ... -==--=::: ,0 =--=: 0 --:::-,c: °1

� Which of the following fits the sentence?

ij She earned knowledge of the Asian market (work, working) in China .

� q A participle phrase is a red uced form of an adjective clause or an adverb cla use. It beg ins with a pa rti­
ciple and often stands at the beg inning, in the midd le, or at the end of a sentence.
o
�
Answer: working �

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 285

(I Positions and fu nctions of pa rticiples
A participle can function as an adjective ; therefore , it can come i n the position of a comple­
ment, or come before or after a nou n .

Befo re a n o u n : I / am looking for/a m issi ng bag.

I N �r

Ms. Anderso n / c lassified /the collected data .

I Nor

As a complement: The export records / of last yea r/were/ satisfy i n g .

Complement

After a n o u n : Staff/ working at the factory / wear/ masks.

No
r I

(I) Pa rts of speech that ca nnot come in the positions of a pa rticiple

Neither a verb n o r a n o u n c a n come i n t h e positions o f a participle.

(�,�) m i stakes / are u nacceptable/ here.

Verb (X) Participle (0) Noun
� A participle, not a verb, comes before and modifies the nou n .

People/ (l::ISa§e,�) t he a i rl i n e / complain / of the prices.

Noun Noun (X) Participle (0)
� A participle, not a noun, is needed to modify the noun before it.

286 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h antriviet.com

 Day 5 W�ek 3 '
; , _ �• ,_f.. • _ ! .. • � - ,_._ .. , t '"._• •� .. !�_.• .i. .- d.....,

. .
Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

0 1 The hotel (locate, located) in Miami is famous for its beautiful beach.

02 Monte Motor is the (leading, lead) company in the automobile industry.

03 We wil l receive a (decrease, decreased) bonus this year.

04 The bank provides help for depositors (try, trying) to save money.

05 Ms. Jones is looking for highly (motivate, motivated) workers.

06 He got a call (inquiring, inquiry) about flig hts to Japan.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owi ng sentences.

07 The conference offers free hotel rooms for 09 Mr. Chang __ charge of the new
visitors __ overnight in the city . products was transferred to Paris.
(A) staying (C) stay (A) to take (C) ta kes
(B) will stay ( D) have stayed (B) ta ki ng (D) has taken

08 The organization accepted full responsibil­ 1 O Each employee should carefully study the
ity for the damage __ by its members. materials __ out at the beg inning of
(A) causes (C) caused the workshop.
(B) has caused (D) cause (A) will give (C) given
(B) gave (D) give

Answers: p. 384

02 a utomobile [5:tamabi:I) 06 get a call responsibility [risponsabilati]

industry [indastri) flight [flait) da mage [dremid3]
03 receive [risi:v) 07 conference [konfarans) 09 product [prodakt)
04 depositor [dipo zitar] overn ight [ouvarnait) tra nsfer [tramsfa:r]
05 look for 08 organization . [:i:rganizeiJan] 1 o carefully [kearfali)
highly [ha.ili] accept [aksept) materi a l [matiarial)

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 287

0 2 .'._ P.ar.tici glei_l?.�n r�s-es ,
•-,,-�
.' ----� ���--�--·--�:1,.:;r:·-.7.,� -..
�j ', .• •

� - .·•<· �
. 1. I
·.��1....�i:..
-.A.....•�-•j _ ...:-� .,.: ·..:,:�
. ... ·• - ·- -· �'1...'. _ ... : ...

{'

::} . ?:_\��j;-�;�ijrien d �as w:;ti n g f:'r me, ':he at;' her s;�dwic'�-
::�;:_ · � ��U�}fa[t(ng for me, my friend ate her sandwic h .
• �- �
:g�: ·���;i: ��16.f fiond sentenc�, the phrase Whi le waiting for m e is reduced from the
: :�t �>-· :· deP.e_nden( cla'use Whi le my friend was waiting for me in the first sentence. I n
: -n . '. ' .
' _,

I· ,-�. Eb'gllsh;·,i participle phrase is used to avoid repetition and to simplify a sentence.
;_ ,._.._, ":d{ ·• ·'• ' ' ·. . ' . ' • -

"'-�� -� ��;..•�':, !' � • -� \ :!: _.'•...�...,�-;"::•· .._ I ,:.:;: ' '; .;;? ;:: • ::: :;: ;?: :r: :;: :;:

{I) Form of pa rticiple ph rases

The participle phrase is formed by (conj u n ctio n +) p a rticiple. This is actually the reduction of
an adverb clause: Conj u n ctio n + adverb cla use + s u bject + verb.

Reduction of the adverb clause and the conjunction W)(fle I ate lu nch, I watched TV.
w h i l e : (If the meaning of the sentence becomes
vague when the conjunction w h i l e is omitted , it is
better to keep the conjunction . )

Reduction o f the subject in the adverb clause : Wjfile/ate lu nch, I watched TV.
(Both the adverb clause and the main clause share � Eating

the same subject.)

+
Add the suffix - i n g to the base form of the main verb
in the adverb clause: Eating l u nch, I watched TV.

)(� turn to the left, / you/ will fi nd/the post office.

-C.... r urning

⇒ Turning to the left, / you/will fi n d / the post office.

Bec;ruse/was tired . I I / went/home/early.

-C.... seing

⇒ (Being) Tired, / 1 / went/ home/ea rly.

(.I Parts of speech that ca nnot come in the positions of a participle in a participle
phrase
A verb or a noun cannot come in the positions of a participle.
(Gft't'e, �) to the cou ntry, / 1 /found / a nice cafe .
Verb (X) Participle (0)
¢ While I drove to the country is changed i nto the participle phrase D rivi ng to the country.

(Disappointment,� at the merger, / M r. Kane / q u it.

Noun (X) Partic iple (0)

¢ Becau se M r. Kane was d i sa ppoi nted at the merger is changed i nto the participle phrase Disa ppoi nted at
the merger.

288 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

 Choose one correct option in the pa rentheses.

01 When (fill, filling) out the survey, you do not need to answer all the questions.

02 (Got, Getting) good reviews, the product sold well.

03 When (face , faced) with a problem, he always finds a solution.

04 (Damaged, Damage) by the hurricane, the building had to be renovated.

05 (Taking, Took) responsibility for the failure of the promotion, the manager stepped down.

06 Unless (direction, directed) by your doctor, do not take any other medication.

__.....,_,,_ Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.
07 After __ a joint venture business, Mr. 09 __ the president of the company, Mr.
Simon met with some interested investors. Smith has implemented many important
(A) organizi ng (C) was organized policies.
(8) organize (D) organization (A) To be (C) Being
(8) Be (D) Have been
08 __ adequately, new employees will be
able to successfully perform their duties. 1 0 After __ encouraged to submit a
(A) Train (C) Trained proposal, the Ralston Corporation decided
(8) To train (D) Tra i ner to conduct a feasibility study.
(A) been (C) were
(8) being (D) was

Answers : p. 384

01 survey [sa:rvei] 07 joint ventu re 1 0 encourage (inka:rid3]

02 review [rivju:] interested [intarastid] submit (sabmit]
03 sol ution [salu:fan] investor [investar] proposa l [prap6uzal]
04 hu rrica ne [ha:rakein] 08 adequately [redakwatli] cond uct [kandAkt]
renovate [renaveit] be able to feasibil ity study
05 responsi b i l ity [risponsabilati] perform [parfa : rm ]
failure [feiljar] d uty [dJu :til
promotion [pram6ufan] 09 president [prezidant]
step down im plement [impliment]
06 medication [medakeifan] policy [palasi]

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03 P resen t Pa rticipl es and Past Parti ciples
• • • _ Jc : • • •

..
\
i� . ,
She got satisfying g rades this semester. The g rades made her mother satisfied , -::-
Both satisfying and satisfied come from the verb satisfy. However, the mean­
ings (active or passive) va ry depend ing on the suffix -ing or -ed added to satisfy. ..

(I Differences between present participles and past participles

Keep in mind the rule for participles: a present participle indicates an active meaning, whereas
a past participle conveys a passive meaning.

The man/ (deli•,1ered,� her note/was/ M r. Smith.

Past participle (X) Present participle (0)
q In The man delivering her note, the man is the one who delivered her note. The meaning is active; there­
fore, a present participle is used .

The people/ (�, �) t o the party / a re/ my co-workers.

Present participle (X) Past participle (0)
q In The people i nvited to the party, the people are the ones who have been invited to the party. The
meaning is passive; therefore, a past participle is used .

A present participle can take a n object; o n the contrary, there i s n o object after a past participle.
When there is an object after a participle, the participle must certainly be the present participle.

The staff/ (attended,�) the conference/ seemed / bo red .

Past participle (X) Present participle (0) Object

A copy of the contract/ (attaching,�) to this letter /should be kept.

Present participle (X) Past participle (0)

290 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com

mmn
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 Ms. Holly reread (examined, examining) annual reports.

02 Board members visited the recently (bought, buying) property on Fifth Avenue.

03 The number of staff members (agreed, agreeing) to do volunteer work is growing every year.

04 The fl ight (left, leaving) Auckland for New York was delayed due to mechanical problems.

__....,,___ Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.
05 The department must reduce its costs to 06 Please complete the __ form and submit
prepare for the __ budget decrease. it to your supervisor by the end of the week.
(A) prediction (C) predicted (A) enclose (C) enclosing
(8) predicting (D) predict (8) enclosed (D) enclosure

-
07
08 Subject: Decrease you r energy consumption
The Metcalf Fuel Co . is encouraging customers to conserve electricity during the win­
ter season. We have added a Save Energy section to our website which offers tips for
cutting down on the amount of energy you use. Our questionnaire will help you check
where you consume the most energy and obtain __ information on how to save
07 (A) customized (C) customize
(B) wil l customize ( D) customizes

energy in every room of your home. If you are concerned about __ bills, please check
08 (A) increased (C) increase
(B) increasing (D) has i ncreased
the section to find information on which appliances use the most energy.

Answers: p. 384

02 board [bJ:rd] 05 red uce [ridju :s] electricity [ilektrisati]

recently [ri:sntli] prepare [pripear] section [sekfan]
property [praparti) budget decrease cut down
03 volunteer [vo lantiar] 06 complete [kampli:t] consu me [kansu :m]
04 delay [dilei) OJ consumption [kansimpJan) obtain [abtein]
due to 08 conserve [kansa:rv] appl iance [aplaians]
mechan ical [makrenikal]

www .n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 2 9 1

 American Habits

C lothing habits are a matter

of p e rso n a l preference in the
United States. M ost people are
free to wear whatever they feel
comfort a ble. Business people
in large u r b a n areas are likely to
wear suits or dresses, while clothing in rural areas is
less fo r m a l . Most Americans tend to dress casual ly
when not in formal or business situation.

When eating, most Americans hold a fork in the

hand with which they write. Americans eat away from
home often , and usually they pay for thei r own meals
when dining with friends.

When Americans greet one another, they often

exchange a f i r m handshake. They may greet strang­
ers on the street by saying Hello or Good morning.
Friends often greet each other with How are you? and
respond with Fine, thanks. Americans do not really ex­
pect any other answers to the question How are you?
because it is a way of saying hello . Except in formal
situations , people address each other by their given
names once they are acquai nted.

Although Americans are

general ly i nf o r m a l people, it
would be best to schedule an
appointment before going to
visit someone, especially in busi ness. When an appoint­
ment has been made, it is important for those involved
to be p u n ct u a l .

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 ··• f': ; · · . · · · Day 5 1eek 3 ' '
J. . \..._\�a ��.,;;j-....L.:L...:....a.La' 1,'-�,U'-L l ,.-'-, • • • �•�o.."-.'. �--� ,._..t..L.....:..:::._L.t�__-! - ._...._ •.! .I. ,.

umn
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 Our staff members had (temporary, differing, qualified) opinions on the matter.

02 Future economic prospects look less (common, unprecedented, promising) than expected.

03 Investors feel (incapable, unanimous, insecure) about the current market.

04 It is the obligation of the company to recall (untrue, defective, differing) products.

� Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing senten ces.
tt-O!ffll•@fi.fui
0 5 Retail prices increased after an __ rise 06 Mr. Gunn served as a __ replacement
in oil prices. for an employee who is on leave.
(A) abundant (C) informed (A) minor (C) lengthy
(B) accomplished (D) unprecedented (B) demanding (D) temporary

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowing memorand um .

From: Ralph F . McKinney, CEO

To: All ChemField employees

It is fairly __ for new businesses to take some time to become profitable. However, it
07 (A) insecure (C) even
(B) common (D) level
took ChemField only two months to establish a strong customer base in the food indus­
try. This resulted from our __ improvements in serving our customers' needs. To
08 (A) mature (C) continuous
(B) straight (D) promising
celebrate our rapid growth, we will be giving all employees a bonus - of 20 percent of
their current salaries on the last day of this month. We look forward to your ongoing loy­
alty and dedication to ChemField.

Answers: p. 384

02 prospect [pr6spekt] on leave ra pid [rrepid]

03 investor [investar] 07 take time g rowth [grou0]
04 obligation [oblageifan] 08 profitable [pr6fitabl] salary [srelari]
recall [rilci:1] establish [istreblif] loya lty [15ialti]
05 retail price customer base dedication [dedikeifan]
06 serve [sa:rv] result from
repl acement [ripleismant] improvement [impru :vmant)

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 Surveys

.. In Part 7, reading passages may be in the form of surveys which usual ly include information
askin g about customers' satisfaction upon using a particular product or customers' opinion
.. after using some kind of facility such as a hotel or restaurant service.

Questions about surveys often focus on the purpose or specific responses in a survey.

Questions about the purpose of a survey

Typical questions: What is the main purpose of the form?
What is the for m for?
Reading strategy: The purpose of a survey is often stated at the beginning of a reading passage.
As this is the topic/ purpose question, hints for the correct answer can be found
at the beginning of a reading passage.

Questions about the specific responses in a survey

Typical questions: What feature of the hotel did Tom rate highest?
What did the customer NOT like a bout the room ?
Reading strategy: Responses t o a survey are mainly presented in the questionnaire in the middle
of a reading passage or in the comment section.
As this is an information or a NOT / TRUE question, first determine the key
word(s) in the question, and then find hints for the correct answer in a reading
passage.

r Common expressions in surveys

questionnaire comment
=-= o =>-= =--= o =--=
excellent
=-=c- o =--= o =--= o =--= o �
above average
°1
�
average fai r below average poor 0
V satisfactory u nsatisfactory F i l l out the s u rvey. V
� Than k you so much for your time.
-==--= ==--== � u =---= o =-c=- o -=-<=O � =-c:=- o � o ==--= o ==--=-o � o ==--= O =:---c= �
i
294 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com
 The questions below refer to the following answered survey.

To improve our service qua l ity and provide better service, Polar Star I nn is
Purpose ----+--< conducting a survey into the customers ' opi nions . Please help us to do this
by filling out this questionnai re.

Please tick appropriate boxes to show your opinions as fol lows .

Very satisfactory Satisfactory ...

Questionnaire ---+--1 Friendl iness of staff ✓
Hyg iene condition of rooms ✓
Conveniences of the hotel ✓

Comments or suggestions : I usually stay at Polar Star Inn every time I go on

a business trip as this hotel always offers me modern faci lities and excel lent
Other comments
service. However, during 4 days and 3 nights staying here this time, I felt
uncomfortable because the sheet and towel were not changed in time.

Name: Adam Lee

E-mail : [email protected]

Questions: 1 . What is the main(purpose)ot this form?

� Purpose
(A) To provide better customer service (B) To find out about the customer i dea
2. What did Adam Lee<NOTlike>a bout the hotel?
� Key word
(A) The conveniences (B) The hygiene cond ition of rooms

Ana lyzing:

1 . This question is about the purpose of the survey. As stated at the beginning of the reading pas­
sage - To improve our seNice quality and provide better seNice, Polar Star Inn is conducting
a suNey into the customers ' opinions , it can be understood that this is a survey conducted in
order to provide better customer service. Therefore, the correct answer is choice (A) To provide
better customer seNice .

2. This question is about specific information in the reading passage. N OT l ike is a restatement of
poor in the survey. Choice (B) The hygiene condition of rooms is the correct answer.

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 295

 ,,
�L•·;;�.i...... ·-��'----��........... .�· � ,t_· ,_�.,.. \. . . - ,,,.. -1'.-wf�"' •·' ,.. � � �-•h·· I _,, �- • • •

', • ' • I I • •
Practice para p h rasing the fol lowing sentenc es by choosi ng the
correct o ption .

0 1 Your responses on the questionnaire are private.

= The information you give in the survey will remain ____
(A) confidential (B) unchanged

02 The car is in good shape considering it is second-hand.

= This used car is in good

..
(A) condition (B) service

03 This month's issue will be your last, unless you extend your contract.
= Your subscription will end this month if you do not ___ it.
(A) regain (B) renew

04 Due to higher prices for raw materials, we decided to substitute nylon for silk.
= Nylon _ silk because the price of silk went up.
(A} replaced (Bl advanced

01 private [praivat] 03 contract [k.6ntrrekt] 04 raw material

remain [rimein] subscri ption [sabskripJan] su bstitute A for B
confidential [konfadenJal] regain [rigein] replace [ripleis]
02 in good shape renew [rinju:] advance [advrens]
second-hand [sekandhrend]

296 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

05 As my job involves frequent business trips, I plan to stay at your hotel often.
(A) I may become a regula r customer because I travel for work often.
(B) The reason I stay at your hotel regula rly is that I a m always satisfied with its service.

06 To provide better service, we ask patrons to fill out a customer satisfaction survey.
(A) The questionnaire is designed to determ ine wh ich services a re preferred by customers.
(B) Customers a re invited to complete a survey to help us improve service.

0 7 The construction company believed that District D was a good site for industrial plants.
(A) The builder thought D istrict D was a suita ble location to construct industrial factories.
(B) The contractor began to bu ild severa l industrial plants in District D .

08 The award i s known a s the Bell Award, i n honor o f the man who founded Bell Industries.
(A) Bell named the award after founding the company.
(B) The Bell Awa rd was na med after the company's founder.

05 frequent [fri:kwant) determine [dita:rmin] 08 in honor of

regularly [regjularli] invite [invait] found [faund)
satisfied [sretisfaid] 07 suitable [su :tabl] name after
06 patron [peitran] contractor [kantrrektar)
fill out

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 Question 9 refers to the fol lowi ng su rvey.

The p u rpose of this resea rch, con d u cted by G i bbons Science Institute, is to better u nd e r­
sta n d h ow college students' person a l ities develop. The resea rch a l so seeks to fi n d out
how they form relationsh i ps with friends a n d rom a ntic partners. Parti c i pation i s vol u n ­
ta ry. You a re asked t o complete 50 q u estions o n a su rvey. You r i nformation i s confiden-
, t i a l a nd wi l l n ot be shared with othe r i n d ivid u a l s or o rga n izations.

09 What is N OT mentioned as a reason for the research?

(A) To understand how young people's personal ities form
(B) To i m prove college envi ron ment for students
(C) To learn how students bu i l d relationsh i ps

Question 1 0 refers to the fol l owing su rvey.

1 O What is the purpose of the survey?

(A) To get guests' opin ions of the faci l ity
(B) To select a proper service provider
(C) To ask for business advice

09 pu rpose [pa: rpas] volu ntary [valanteri) maintain [meintein]

conduct [kandAkt] complete [kampli:t) chi p [tjip]
personality [parsanrelati] confidential [konfadenJall advice [advais]
form [fa:rm] 1 0 goal [goul]
partici pation [po: rtisapeiJan] respected [rispektid]

298 - Hackers TOEIC Start Readi ng www.n hantriviet.com

1 1 What service is the customer dissatisfied with? 1 2 The word "appreciation" in line 1 4 is
(A) The com pany was rel uctant to reschedule closest in meaning to
insta llation. (A) enjoyment
(B) It was hard to arrange a convenient (B) tha n ks
i nstal l ation time. (C) increase.
(C) The company did not dea l with a problem (D) understand ing
i n ti me.
(D) The installation was not completed efficiently.
Answers: p. 384

1 1 ease [i:z] overall [ouvaro:l] convenient [kanvi:niant]

12 instal lation Dnstaleifan] as a token of deal with
preparedness [pripeardnis] transparent [tramspearant] in time
resolution [rezahi:fan] rel uctant [riU.ktant] efficiently [ififantli)
timeliness [taimlinis] arrange [areind3l

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300 www.nhantriviet.com
 0
Day 1 Week 4

Grammar
[ C l a use] Noun Clau ses
01 Positions of Noun C l auses
02 Noun Clause Conj u nctions

Vocabulary
Adjectives (2)

Reading
Dou ble Passages: Letters / E-mai l s

www.nhantriviet.com 301
 [Clause] Noun Clauses

Y Fun with Basic Grammar

I know that the Earth is rou n d .

Noun clause

The clause that the Earth is rou n d is pa rt of the sentence / know that the Earth is round and
is placed at the position of a n obj ect. A clause which comes i n the position of a noun as i n the
a bove example is called a nou n clause.

Form of noun cla uses

A noun clause i s formed by noun clause conj u n cti on + s u bj ect + ve rb - .

We/want/to know/ if you a re okay .
Noun clause conj unction ( if) + subj ect (you ) + verb ( are) - = Noun clause

r c , i u � o =-= o =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-=

Wh ich of the following is the noun clause?

1

ij Mr. Morrison is not sure if he will get the j ob.

0 0
ij
1
l
! (A) (B)

¢ A noun clause consists of noun clause conj unction + subj ect + verb - . Answer: ( B )J
=--== -0 =--=:: b =--=- -o -=--= 0 ==--== 0 =--= 0 ==---= 0 =>-c::::. 0 ==--=- 0- =--= 0 =--= 0 -=---= 0 =--=- 0 ==---=

302 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Day 1 ' Week 4
-. .~ I _.

Noun cla use conj u nctions

Noun clause conju nctions are d ivided i nto three groups depending on their mean i n g s .

that
whether/if
Question word s : who, when, where, what, which, why, how

It/ i s / certa i n /that h e is com petent.

Noun clause conjunction

We / wondered /why she did not come.

Noun clause conjunction

re _ U --= O =--=O ==-c= 10, ==-c= 0 =-==0 =--= 0 =--=-Cl =-== O=--= O =--= 0 =--= 0 =--=

Which of the fol lowing fits the sentence?

1
The point is (whether, who) the new advertisement wi l l attract customers.
0 0
�
�
0 q The sentence needs a noun clause conjunction which means whether . . . or not so that it sou nds correct. 9

l Answer: whether
==--=- 0 -=--= 0 =--=- <> -=---=- <t, =--c=c O ==--== O ==--==- 0 -=--==- O ==--=- o� 0 ==--== 0- =--=- 0 =---=
j
==--=

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01 Positions of Noun Clauses

.. Everybody ag rees that I am lovely.

-,_ __ ,4
That I am lovely comes i n the position of an object i n the sentence. I n Eng lish, a
11/ialJ!.
nou n clause ca n have severa l positions depending on its functions i n the sentence.

{D Positions of nou n cla uses

A nou n clause does the job of a_ noun . It can come in the position of a subject, an object , a
complement, or after a preposition .

Subject positio n : Whe n h e wi ll come back/ is / u ncertain.

Subject

O bject positio n : O u r staff/ know/that Mr. John ca res about them.

Object
Complement positi o n : The question / is /who will do it.
Complement
After a prepositi o n : I/am thi n ki n g / about what he said.
Preposition

®) Pa rts of speech that ca n not come in the positions of noun clause conjunctions
A nou n clause conjunction , which starts a noun clause , cannot be replaced by a pronoun or a
preposition .

Two factors / account for / (tt,@) sales were up i n June.

Pronoun (X) Conjunction (0)
q A pronoun cannot come in the position of this noun clause conjunction which starts the clause being the
object of the verb account for.

The hotel guests / complained/ (aeet:tt.� the rooms were cold .

Preposition (X) Conjunction (0)
q A preposition cannot come before a clause and in the position of this noun clause conjunction which starts
the noun clause.

304 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com

. .
Choose one correct option i n the parenth eses.

01 (That, It) the meeting was scheduled for Saturday is disappointing .

02 The conclusion i s (around, that) a good company creates a supportive environment for its
staff.

03 We talked about (who, them) wil l participate in the seminar.

04 (About, Why) it took over thirty workers to finish the project is unclear.

0 5 Employees need to understand (what, on) their responsibilities are.

06 The article states (that, this) the current economic situation is getting worse.

------ Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

07 __ Doctor Moresby will give a speech 09 Please remember __ the vacation

at the Remond Hotel remains undecided. policy has been changed this year.
(A) About (C) Before (A) concerning (C) about
(B) It (D) Whether (B) that (D) them

08 Ms. Zarba argued __ higher spend­ 1 O The new employees wondered __ they
ing on advertising can create a favorable would be given health care and some
consumer attitude towards the product. benefits.
(A) of (C) it (A) of (C) a bout
(B) that (D) about (B) on (D) if

Answers: p. 384

01 disappointing [dlsap5intiIJ] 06 article [6:rtikl] 1 0 wonder [wmdar)

02 conclusion [kanklu: 3an] state [steit) health care
supportive [sap5:rtiv] current [ka:rant] benefit [benafit]
environment [invaiaranmant) 08 argue [6:rgju:]
03 participate [pa:rtisapeit] spending [spendiIJ)
05 responsibility [risponsabflati] favorable [feivarabl]
attitude [a'ititju:d]

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02 Noun Clause Conju nctions

:z:

.,
:;: :;: !1� :;: :r: * ::: :;: :;: :;: :;: * :::
.. .,Z? I cannot believe (that, if) he is only 1 4. .
.
For the two words g iven, that is more appropriate because it means the thing
.. �;: ..
that . . . I f means whether . . . or not. It is very important to use a suita ble con-
.. -- ju nction so that the meaning of a noun clause ma kes sense . ..
::: :;: ::: :!: .. ::: :::: :1: ::: :;: ::: :=: :;: :'.:

{l) that
A noun clause starting with the conjunction that expresses a fact, meaning the thing/ the fact
that . . .

That h e d rew the picture / is / u n believable.

A fact (the fact that he drew the picture)
I / knew/that he was a lawyer.
A fact (the fact that he was a lawyer)

@ it /whether
A noun clause starting with the conjunction if/whethe r expresses a speaker's doubtful opinion.
I / do not know/ if she ordered it.
A doubtful opinion (whether she ordered it or not)
Whether he will ag ree / is / a nother question.
A doubtful opinion (whether he will agree or not)

(f) Question words

A noun clause can also start with a question word such as who, whe n , where, what, which ,
why, how, which mean the person , the time , the place, the thing , which one , the reason for, in
what way.

Who invented the prod uct / i s / u n known .

I / wonder/when the class sta rts .
He/told / me / how he succeeded .

306 - Hackers TOEIC Sta rt Reading www .n ha n trivi et.com

. .
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

01 (That, Where) Laura won the competition is incredible.

02 We will find out soon (whether, who) the new business is profitable.

03 Please note (that, what) the order may take several days to process.

04 We would like to know (why, when) the test results will be ready.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.

05 Clients understand __ they should 06 The organizers have not decided __

contact the service department to solve they will hold the next annual meeting.
any problems. (A) who (C) what
(A) that (C) about (B) where (D) over
(B) who (D) it

07
08 The state of New York experienced economic growth during the month of December.
Sales were the highest they have been in ten years. __ a predicted rise in fuel costs
07 (A) While (C) Because
(B) What (D) Whether
will have an impact on consumption is unclear. The tourism industry stated __ a 1 O
08 (A) on (C) about
(B) that (D) this
percent rise in the number of tourists coming to New York also contributed to increased

Answers: p. 384

01 i n credible [inkredabl] 07 state [steit] tou rism i n du stry

02 profitable [pr6fitabl] 08 pred ict [pridikt] contribute [kantnbju:t]
03 process [proses] impact [imprekt]
05 solve [solv] consu m ption [kanslmpfan]
06 a n n u a l [renjual]

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 Telecommuting

Telecommuting is some form

of computer communication be­
tween employees' homes and
offices.

For employees whose jobs involve sitting at a ter­

minal or word processor entering data or typing reports,
the location of the computer is of no consequence. If
the machine can communicate over telephone lines,
when the work is completed, employees can dial the
office computer and transmit the material to their em­
ployers. A recent survey in USA Today estimates that
there are approximately 8.7 million telecommuters.
Although the numbers are rising annually, the trend
does not appear to be very s i g n ifica n t .

Clearly, change simply takes time. In addition, there

has been active resistance on the part of many man­
agers. These executives claim that supervising the
telecommuters in a large workforce scattered across
the country would be too d e m a n d i n g , or, systems for
managing them are not yet developed , thereby com­
plicating the manager's responsibilities.

It is also true that employees who are given the op­

tion of telecommuting are often reluctant to accept
the opportunity. Most people feel that they need reg u ­
la r interaction with a group, and many are c o n ce r n ed
that they will not have the same consideration for ad­
vancement if they are not more vi s i b le in the office
setting . Some people feel that even when a space in
their homes is set aside as a work area, they never
really get away from the office.

308 - Hackers TOEIC Sta rt Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

 · ·
Day f �eek 4 ' '
.
' . ·- � -.! · " ������ ed..'�..._ ..__�,�~· -"'-� -"""-f- • � � .-
...���� -·-( • -
1

mma
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 I ndividuals should provide (annuar, qualified, accurate) contact information on packages.

02 Companies use new methods to improve (mounting, maintaining, existing) technology.

03 The food industry is currently expanding at a(n) (active, powerful, rapid) rate.

04 Workers should not feel (sincere, apprehensive, surprising) about voicing their opinions.

.,.......,...,_ Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences .
■
05 Conducting online transactions is less 06 The CEO is required to attend a(n) __
__ for the elderly due to their lack of conference to determine ways to achieve
computer skil ls. yearly goals.
(A) sophisticated (C) convenient (A) recent (C) existing
(B) protective ( D) accu rate (B) annual (D) typical

07 -
08 We are sorry to announce that as a result of system crash in our main server, some of
the music . data on our website was lost. For the moment, the data we have wi l l be __
07 (A) available (C) defective
(B) effective (0) potential

at www.tempmusic.com, Please accept our __ apologies for any inconvenience this

08 (A) original (C) completed
(B) estimated (D) sincere

Answers: p. 384

0 1 individ ual frndavid3ual] 04 voice [v:iis] 07 announce [anauns]

provide [pravaid) opinion [apinjan) 08 crash [krref]
contact information 05 conduct [kandAkt) accept [aksept]
02 method [meOad) transaction [tramzrekfan) apology [ap6lad3i ]
03 expand [iksprend) 06 determ ine [dita:nnin] inconven ience [inkanvi:nians]
rate [reit) achieve [atfi:v) unexpected [i\nikspektid]

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 309

 Dou ble Pass ages : Lette rs/ E-ma i ls
• ' ,->• ._, '----< • I

:j:

-:,• In Pa rt 7, besides sing le reading passages, double reading passages are a lso given. These a re ..
pai rs of passa ges. The first passage is usually a bout a letter or an e-mail, the other may be a
.. replied letter / e-mail / a work schedule / an advertisement, etc.
;!;

Double reading passages related to letters/ e-mails usually include information requesting con­
ference postponement and a reply to that request, an e-mail complaining about a product and a
reply to that complaint, or an e-mail reminding of attending a conference and a flight schedule.

Example:
+
f
'f 1--:�1� :-r 1-:-1 i-.:-� 0❖-� 1-H . :-I-Ctr- H- -o-!- r-:
:i Passage 1 :
Michael sent an e-mail to a real estate agency in order to find a flat near
E-mail Victoria University, Victo ria City.
l_ Passage 2: Advertisements of apartments for rent : Rose Apartment in Victoria City .

J
,:e,
Advertisement and Sky Apartment near Queens City.
:-r0>.<- +❖•l--0!0, • "'1-i� .� ;� i� 4❖·1� �••-1-❖-l·•to-:-+o:c,, '?>-1-❖·!-0{er.}
l
Question: Which apartment building is closest to Michael's concern?
Answer: Rose Apartment

Step 1 : Identify key word(s) in the question

Read the question and identify the key word(s) . Decide whether it is an information ques­
tion or an inference question.

Step 2: Find hints for the a nswer

Identify either of the passages in which the information related to the key word(s) is pres­
ent. Locate the key word(s), and then find hints to help choose the answer. Hints for the
answer can also be found in the other passage.

Step 3: Generalize h ints from the two passages and choose the correct a nswer
Integrate hints from the first and the second passage, then choose the correct answer
from given choices. Answer choices may be paraphrased from the two reading passages.

3 1 0 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 The q uestion below refers to the fol l owing letters .

Dear M r. Grant,
I am writing this letter to i nform you about the problem with my laptop. I bought
an SX3000 laptop from you r shop. It i s known for its multi-task function , which
enables me to simultaneously operate many programs . For my j ob, I have to
manipulate many programs. at the same time; however, the laptop freezes every
time I do this. Since the dead l i ne for my finished project 1s in two weeks , I hope
you can solve this problem as soon as possible. Step 2: F ind the
second h i nt
Yours sincerely ,
Doris Moore

- -
Dear M s. Moore,
) We would l i ke to apologize for the inconvenience you encountered when
using our laptop. Could you please access our website to down l oad the program
related to the problem reported? If the problem stil l exi sts after i n stal l i n g the
� program , please send your laptop to the�for repair. It takes about
4- 5 weeks to fix it. -------------------------r Step 2 : Find
� c the first h i nt
Yours s incerely,
Harry Grant
-
Question: Why i s Ms. Moore u n likely to send her laptop to the � - Step 1: Identify
Key word� the key word(s)
( A) Because the cost seem s to be very high .
( B ) Because she may m iss the dead l i n e for h e r project. ---- Step 3: Generalize
the two h i nts to help
Analyzing: choose the answer
Step 1 : Identify the key word service center in the question. With the word u nl ikely, it can be inferred that
this is an inference question .
Step 2: Find the first hint in the second reading passage where the key word service center is found. The
second reading passage states , please send your laptop to the service center for repair. It takes
about 4-5 weeks to fix it. However, this does not provide enough information to choose the correct
answer. Therefore, search for the second hint related to the first one in the first reading passage,
especially in the sentence Since the deadline for my finished project is in two weeks, I hope you
can solve this problem as soon as possible .
Step 3: Generalize the two hints. It can be inferred that the reason Ms. Moore may not bring her laptop to
the service center is that she can miss the deadline for her plan . Therefore, the correct answer to this
question is choice ( B) Because she may miss the deadline for her project.

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 1 1

imW!lhi·•Md P ractice para p h rasing the fol l owing sentences by choosing the
correct o ption .

0 1 The decision has drawn criticism from many employees .

= M any of the workers of the decision.
(A) d isapproved (8) determ i ned

02 The fee for the books is almost four weeks overdue.

= Payment is about a month
(A) late (8) away

03 The identification card will be valid for one year from the date of issue.
(A) ID cards will be issued to those who have worked for a year.
(8) The I D is effective for 12 months from the day it was given out.

04 One of the reasons for the hotel 's closure is its low occupancy rate.
(A) The number of guests was insuffici ent for the hotel to rema in in busi ness .
(8) Business guests fou nd the h otel inadeq uate for the i r needs.

01 draw [dr:J:] 02 overd ue [ouvardju :] 04 occupa ncy rate

criticism [kritasizm] 03 valid [va\lid] insufficient [\nsafiJant]
disa pprove [disapni :v] issue [ifu:] remain [rimein]
determine [dita:rmin] effective [ifektiv] inadequate [ina\dikwat]

3 1 2 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Question s refers to the fol l owing e-ma ils.
mmD

Dear Ms. Jones,

I spoke with your assistant a n d she suggested that I contact you directly. I am graduating
soon, a n d I a m looking for a n i nternshi p at a n advertisi ng co m pa ny. In particu la r, I would
love to gai n some experience with ma rketing research.

As the attached resume shows, I worked for one year as a part-ti me assistant at Parker
Advertisi ng d u ri ng col lege. Based o n my experience and socia l skills, I thi n k I am ful ly
q u a l ified for a position eva luati ng the target market. If there is a n opening, p lease let me
know.

Sincerely,
Brenda N ickel

Dear Ms. N i ckel,

Tha n k you so much for you r i nterest in EJG Advertising. At th e moment, we have n o pos­
itions ava i lable i n your field of i nterest. H owever, we do have a different i nternsh ip that
cou l d lead to a permanent position. This internship i nvolves developing copy, sloga ns,
and cam pa igns, as wel l as writing press releases. Please contact m e if this is something
that wou ld interest you .

Sincerely,
Ka ren Jones

05 What news does Ms. Jones give Ms. N ickel?

(A) The com pany is seeking part-time assistants.
(B) The company has no openings for work with marketing research .
(C) She will give her an opportun ity for a permanent position.

05 assistant [asistant] attached [ata'\tft] open i n g [6upaniJJ)

grad uate [gra'\d3ueit] resume [rezumei] field [fi:ld]
look for qualified [kw6lafaid] perma nent position
in particular eva l uate [iva'\ljueit) press release
gain [gein] ta rget market opportu nity [apartju:nati)

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 1 3

 From: Richard King, Morris Electronics
To: Linda Watson , Brooks Textiles
Subject: Waterproof jackets

Dear Ms. Watson,

I am looking for a firm to supply 500 waterproof jackets for our staff. I saw your textile exhibit
at the Atlanta Textile Convention this February and thought your award-winning items would
fit our needs. The items will be presented as gifts for our thirtieth anniversary on May 1 2 .
They need to arrive at our company by May 9 because they are scheduled to be distributed
at a company outing on M ay 1 0. The order needs to be handled promptly since we have
only one week left. Could you send your latest catalog, textile samples, and a per unit price

•
quote today? Thank you.
-0

From: Linda Watson, Brooks Textiles

To: Richard King, Morris Electronics
Subject: Textile description

Dear Mr. King,

Thank you for your interest in our company. I listed the main features of each material in
this e-mail. Normally delivery takes about two weeks, but we can meet your order request
for a nominal additional cost. I would like to bring our catalogs and samples to your office
to discuss your order further. If this would be convenient for you , please call me to set a
meeting time.

WELL-TEX
Windproof and extremely durable. Machine-washable and waterproof.

Ventas
A robust & heavyweight fabric. This is used by the Scottish Antarctic Survey Team .

FEEL-TEX
A polyester fleece that is soft, light, and warm. It dries quickly.

3 1 4 - Hackers TOEIC Start Readi ng www.nha ntriviet.com

06 What is the main purpose of Mr. King ' s 09 Why will Mr. King probably pay an extra fee?
e-mail? (A) The order amount is sma l le r than usu a l .
(A) To annou nce the compa ny's a n n iversa ry ( B ) The merchand ise wil l be del ivered by
(B) To recogn ize ded icated staff hand.
(C) To i n itiate a business deal (C) The items a re made from a n extra - l i ght
(D) To partici pate i n a n exh ibition materia l .
(D) The jac kets should b e del ivered with i n a
0 7 What wi l l happen o n M ay 1 O?
shorter time period .
(A) The new b ranch office wi l l ope n .
(B) The jackets wi l l b e picked u p from the 1 0 What is NOT stated about WELL-TEX?
supplier. (A) It lasts a long time.
(C) The staff wi l l gather for an event. (B) It is easy to c l ea n .
(D) The prize winner will be annou nced . (C) It is resistant t o wi n d .
(D) It is smooth .
08 What does M s . Watson offer to do?
(A) Send cata logs and samples by courier
(B) Explain her products i n person
(C) Provide overnight del ivery to meet the
dead line
(D) Give a discount on bulk orders

Answers: p. 384

06 texti le [tekstail] q uote [kwout) i nitiate [inifieit)

10 waterproof [w5:tarpru :f) featu re [fi:tfar) g ather [greoar]
look for nom i n a l [n6manl) courier [ku:riar)
exh ibit [igzibit) windproof [windpru :f] in person
award - w i n n i n g dura ble [dju arabl) b u l k order
fit [fit] robust [roubAst) be del ivered by hand
d i stri bute [distribju:t) fa bric [frebrik) last []rest]
handle [hrendl] recogn ize [rekagnaiz) resistant [rizistant]
prom ptly [pr6mptli] dedicated [dedikeitid)

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 1 5

316 www .nhantriviet.com
 Day 2 Wee k 4

Grammar
[ C l a use] Adverb C l a u ses
0 1 Positions of Adverb C l a u ses
02 Adverb Cl a use Conj u nctions

Vocabulary
Adjectives (3)

Reading
Double Passages: Annou ncements

www.nhantriviet.com 317
 [Clause] Adverb Clauses
=i....--------------------------------"I

Y Fun with Basic Grammar

Because M r . B rown is a fa mous a uthor, h i s n ovels have been sold we l l .

Adverb clause

The mai n clause in this sentence is his n ovels have been sold well. The clause
Beca use Mr. B rown is a fa mous author which explai ns why his novels have
been sol d wel l is a dependent clause. A clause that g ives additional i nforma­
tion to the mai n cla use i n a sentence, such as reasons, conditions, time, etc., is
called a n adverb clause.
..

Form of adverb cla uses

An adverb clause is formed by adverb cla use conj u nctio n + s u bj ect + verb ~ .
Mr. Parker/did not atten d /the meeti ng / beca use h e had a nother a ppointment.
Adverb clause conjunction (because) + subject (he) + verb (had) - = Adverb c lause

r e . � (l p� o � o � 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 =--= 0 �

Which is the adverb clause in the following sentence?

,

� They wi ll invest in stocks because the current market is so favorable.

0 0

l
�

l� (A) (B) •

An adverb clause is formed by adverb clause conjunction + subject + verb ~ . Answer: ( B ) �

=--= O ===--=- f$. =---= -o � 0 -=--==: O·-=--= O =--=- G - ==--=- O·===--=:: ,0 ==---== 0 :=--:= 0 =--==. 0 ===--=- 0 =--=- �

3 1 8 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Day 2 ' Week 4
'
6.....•• �. \.:U ......i L . •

What conj u n ctions ca n sta rt an adverb cla use?

Adverb clause conjunctions are g rouped i nto conju nctions of time, cond ition , concession , and
reason.

Types Adverb clause conj u n ctions

Time until, before, after, when, since, while, once

Condition if, unless, as long as, in case

Concession although, even though, even if, wh ile

Reason because, since

We / d ra n k / coffee / before the sem inar sta rted .

Adverb clause conjunction (time)

Although Joe did not fi nish his work, / h e /went/ home.

Adverb clause conju nction (concession)

r< u � o =--= • � • =--= •=--=• =-= • =--= •=-=• =-= • =--= • =-= •�,
o Match the two halves to make complete sentences. o
� 1 . He set up a business ( A ) if you a re i nterested.
�
2. Please cal l me ( B) when he lived in America .
U
� Q The sentences will make sense when we combine He set up a business with when he lived in America �
U
• and Please ca l l me with if you a re interested . Answer: 1 . ( B), 2. (A )J•
-==---=- -=--=- 0 --==--= -o =--=-- 0 =--= � o ==---=-- 0 =--== 0 � -o ::::::=--c::: O -===--c:::. 0 -==--== 0 ==--= 0 =--=

www.n h a ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 1 9

() l Positions of Adverb Clauses

(I Positions of adverb cla uses

An adverb clause can come before or after the main clause in a sentence. Whe n an adverb
clause comes before a main clause, a comma (,) is needed to set off the two clauses.

Before a m a i n clause: [ If you have any questions] , / please/contact / m e .

Main clause

After a main clause: He/ set/the alarm / [before he went to bed] .

Main clause

(I} Pa rts of speech that can not come i n the positions of adverb clause conj u n ctions
A preposition can not start an adverb clause ; therefore, it is important to remember that there
are some prepositions that have similar meani ngs to those of adverb clause conj unctions but
can n ot replace them in any adverb clauses.

Adverb clause conjunctions Prepositions

while during, for

a lthough, even thoug h in spite of, despite
because, since because of, due to

Ms. Lee/ called / me/ [(�, �) I was at the meeti ng] .

Preposition (X) Adverb clause conjunction (0)
q A preposition cannot sta rt an adverb clause standing after the main clause.

[ ( Gt:ie-te, � oil prices rose] , / our profits / d ropped .

Preposition (X) Adverb clause conjunction (0)
q A preposition ca nnot start an adverb clause standing before the main clause.

An adverb cannot start an adverb clause, either.

[(QRl.y, �) we work as a tea m ) , / p roductivity / g rows .
Adverb (X) Adverb clause conjunction (0)
q An adverb ca n not start an adverb clause standing before the main clause.

320 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the pare ntheses.

01 (If, Still) funding is approved, the information campaign will be extended.

02 Dennis had worked at DIC Productions (by, before) he went to study abroad.

03 (Although, Despite) the lawyer is inexperienced, he has won several important cases.

04 Please call Mr. Harris (if, with) you experience problems with your heater.

0 5 The manager studied the electronics market (while, during) her stay in Rome.

06 Sue made a reservation (because, because of) she wanted to get a good seat.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.
:::�::::
07 The company will produce a second 09 The document has to be revised __ it
edition __ the first one sells well. contains incorrect information.
(A) if (C) to (A) anyway (C) with
(8) there (D) then (8) because ( D) d ue to

08 __ you sign the document, you should 1 0 __ the new plant was built, it has
carefully review the details of the contract. employed more than 300 local people.
(A) Next (C) Before (A) Still (C) With
(8) Where (D) Finally (8) Si nce (D) Due to

Answers. p. 385

01 fun d i n g [fAnillIJ] 06 reservation [rezarveifan] 09 revise [rivaiz]

approve [apni :vj 07 edition [idifan] conta i n [kanteinJ
extend [ikstend] 08 review [rivj ti : ] i ncorrect [inkarekt]
02 a broad [abr:'>:d] deta i l [di:teil] 1 0 plant [plrent]
03 inex perienced [lnikspi arianst] contract [ka ntrrekt] em ploy [impl:'>i]
case [keis]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 2 1

0 2 :i\dVi,iidaus
l
e Conju nctions
-, ...��1 �1 �;•. .'�- --�·-�l•...
,1 � If ,1 •• -•• ,., ,. LS.a:,:.. �1 .; • , -... .. • -. , ., �•• _. , • �� .. . •"T" ,

{I> Conj unctions of time

Conjunctions of time include u nti l , befo re , after, wh e n , si nce, wh ile, once, which begin an
adverb clause showing time.

Lucas / wa ited /for her/ [(#, @) the resta u rant closed) .

Until makes the sentence more correct than if.
i:::>

(I Conj u nctions of con d ition

Conjunctions of condition include i f , u n less, a s long as, i n case, which begin an adverb clause
showing a condition.

We / will not g o / [(whlle,@) the weath e r is bad ] .

i:::> I f makes the sentence more correct than while.

(f) Conj u nctions of concession

Conjunctions of concession include a lthoug h , even thoug h , even if, while, which begin an
adverb clause showing contradiction.

1 / exercise / regula rly/ [(beeause, �) I am busy] .

i:::> Although makes the sentence more correct than because.

(I) Conj u nctions of reason

Conjunctions of reason include beca use , since, which begin an adverb clause showing a
cause or reason.

[(Aftef, �) he likes meeti ng people) , / Jim / is / i n sales.

i:::> Since makes the sentence more correct tha n after.

322 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 .· � · > . : D�y:2.-:w� e k 4 �
. .
.
'< X • l'
:

¾ -< u£ =�'..lrli,(������������-��"���1¥.:11�1': 1'A"',\1��)a. ,.J.::i,�ti;���t11;,'�..,� •4L b', �

� Choose one correct option in the pa rentheses.

IDB
0 1 We will hold the workshop (if, while) more than ten employees register.

02 Mr. Evans will not attend the seminar (after, even if) he has the time.

03 The assembly line was stopped (because, although) a machine broke down.

04 (Before, Unless) Ms. Murphy made a decision, she talked with a financial consultant.

� Choose the correct option for each of the following sentences.

ttltmllNM
05 __ the rice crop in East Asia was plen­ 06 The manager will receive a bonus __
�
tiful this year, it will not be enough to meet she obtains a contract with Roald
the overall demand. Enterprises.
(A) Because of (C) While (A) until (C) before
(B) As long as (D) However (B) even if (D) if

07
08 Dear M rs. Flanagan,
We are very sorry that the contents of your shopping cart were erased . The information
was lost __ a server crashed. To recreate your list, it might help to check the product
07 (A) until (C) although
(B) because (D) before

categories you visit most, __ you want to make a completely new list. As an incentive,
08 (A) often (C) whoever
(B) while (D) unless

Top- Products will give you ten dollars off your next order. Thank you!

Answers: p . 385

01 register [red3istar] 05 plentiful [plentifal] 07 erase [ireis]

02 attend [atend] overall [ouvar5:l] 0-8 crash [krreJ]
03 assembly line 06 obtain [abtein] recreate [ri:krieit]
break down contract [kantrrekt] catego ry [kretag:i:ri]
04 decision [disf3an] enterprise [entarpraiz] incentive [insentiv]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - .323

Smoki ng

Smoking has many s e r i o u s

effects. The most o bvi o u s effect
is the deterioration of a smoker's
health. Smoki ng increases the risk
of lung disease , increases blood pressure , i ncreases
the risk of heart attacks, and reduces the flow of oxy­
gen to the brain. Smoking creates res p i ratory prob­
lems . A smoker's cough expels phlegm , a thick mucus
in the nose and the throat that wants to escape the
body.

Prolonged use may lead to em­

physema and the need to hook
up to a machine to pump enough
oxygen into the lungs. Another
effect of this habit is that smoking breeds halitosis ;
a smoker's breath always smells foul and r e p u ls i v e .
Smoking frequently resu lts in s o c i a l isolation because
fewer people smoke or want to be in the presence
of second-hand smoke. Friends and acq uaintances
often bluntly tell thei r smoking friends that they don't
want the smell in their cars or in their homes. The
strong, offe n s ive odor of smoke clings to smokers'
clothing, hai r, and skin. The final effect of smoking is
that it depletes the pocketbook. Smoki ng is now an
expensive habit , and the price of cigarettes continues
to rise. The effects of smoking are many, which leaves
one wondering why i ntel ligent people do not find a
way to break their h a rmful add iction .
�-µ��.-���������'""'7<��

324 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the parenthes es.
IDB
0 1 The team made (considerable, confidential, rapid) efforts to collect the data.

02 Everyone congratulated Mr. Park on his (modern, late, recent) promotion.

03 Any (improper, complete, appropriate) behavior will not be tolerated in the office.

04 A (recent, pleasant, broad) atmosphere improves work performance.

05 Management expects applicants to have a 06 When the installation process is __ , the

__ knowledge of economics. "Done" tab will appear on the monitor.
(A) high (C) round (A) enti re (C) total
( B) whole (D) broad (B) accurate (D) complete

Il
����
07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowing memorandu m .
08
From: Olivia Johnson
To: All staff
This memo is to refresh everyone's memory on the importance of keeping records pri- �
vate. Please remember that all __ records must be kept in locked file cabinets when
(C) limited

i. i
07 (A) confidential
( �
(B) former (D) unprecedented
!
�
�
not in use. The company's reputation rests upon your abil ity to handle __ client
08 (A) apprehensive (C) sincere �
(B) competitive (0) sensitive �
information properly. Employees who fail to do so will be warned, and if it happens �
repeatedly, access to the files will be restricted.
'-!:'-:::!..A�"""����-"2.."-S-��<OC�!:>o...��--'
!
Answers: p . 385

01 make a n effort 04 atmosphere [mtmasfiar] reputation [repjuteiJan]

collect [kalekt] work performance rest upon
02 congratu late [kangra'\tJuleit] 06 i nsta l l ation [lnstaleifan] handle [hrendl]
promotion [pram6 ufan] process [proses] repeatedly [ripi:tidli]
03 behavior [biheivjar] appear [apiar] access [mkses]
tolerate [tolareit] 07 refresh [rifreJ] restrict [ristrikt]
08 private [praivat]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 325

 Double Passages: Announcements

.. In Pa rt 7, double passages may be related to announcements. The first read ing passage is .....
usually an announcement and the second one is an e-ma il, an invoice, etc. in which all the
.. information is related to the announcem ent.

L Double reading passages related to announcements are mainly about some information con­
cerning a conference and a letter informing a certain change in the conference, about an agenda
and an e-mail asking about it, about a lecture and a letter asking for a membership form, etc.

.
Example:
rct:>1-+:+��l+·�:�."#-l-l-+�❖--l�H��O:t>-l·❖·l�:
Passage 1 :
Announcement
, : .
An a n n o u n cement abo ut the subm ission of dissertatio n s o n tech n o log ical · ·
't

I
development to Mark, the editor-in-c hief.
Passage 2: An e- mail by Paul asking
. abo ut h is dissertation that has been subm itted
. ,
E-mail but there has been no rep ly from the editor-in-ch ief. i
l<O'l>t❖·l�¢¥.+❖-·� :�!•·l•oioi110❖·1-0lc1,,Q.pl-Z.-l-Olc1'0-�-❖+0:c,�:�l

Question: To whom did Paul send h is dissertation?

Answer: Mark

Step 1 : Identify key word(s) i n th e question

Read the question and identify the key word{s) . Decide whether it is an information ques­
tion or an inference question.

Step 2: Find h ints for the a nswe r

Identify either of the passages in which the information related to the key word(s) is pres­
ent. Locate the key word(s) , then find hints to help choose the answer. Hints for the
answer can also be found in the other passage.

Step 3: Genera l ize h i nts from the two passages and choose the correct answer
Integrate hints from the first and the second passage, then choose the correct answer
from given choices. Answer choices may be paraphrased from the two reading passages.

3 2 6 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h antriviet.com

 The q uestion below refers to the fol lowi ng announcement and e- mai l .

Support for the Harmony Band

The Harmony Band, via their concert, is helping mentally retarded children. We hope
this charity event wil l be wel l received so that the charitable activity can bring better
benefits to those chi ldren. In order to express our appreciation to your support, we are
giving out some bonuses .
Silver sponsor ($1 ,000 - $3,000): A Harmony music CD, Harmony magazines in one year
Golden sponsor ($3,000 - $5,000): A Harmony music CD , Harmony magazines in one year,
a 1 5% discount on all concert tickets
Star sponsor (more than $5,000): Simi lar to Golden sponsor, reserved seats for all
concerts --------------------------� St ep 2 : F i n d
For those who are interested , please cal l the Harmony Band office at 239-6922. the second
h i nt

Dear Harmony Band representative,

I am very pleased to support your band as I always do th is. This time, I would like to
give $7,000 . My col league,�told me that he would like to become you r Golden Step 2: F ind
sponsor. His money wi l l be sent to your office soon . the first hint

Yours sincerely,

Question : Which receive b ut� ­ ----- Step 1 : Identify

�� - -
the key word(s)
Key word
(A) Discount on concert tickets (B) Special seats ----- Step 3: Genera l ize th e
two h i nts to he l p
Analyzing: choose t h e answer
Step 1 : Read the question and identify the key words James, Thomas, and bonus. From the words which
bonus, it can be i nferred that this is an information question.
Step 2 : Find the first hint in the e-mail involving the key words James and Thomas. The first hint can be
identified in I would like to give $7, 000. My colleague, James, told me that he would like to
become your Golden sponsor. Looking back on the announcement, we can see that James is a
Golden sponsor whereas Thomas is a Star sponsor. Keep on looking for the second hint related
to the key word bonus in the announcement. The announcement says , Star sponsor (more than
$5, 000): Similar to Golden sponsor, reserved seats for all concerts and Golden sponsor ($3, 000
- $5, 000): A Harmony music CD, Harmony magazines in one year, a 15% discount on all con­
cert tickets. There is a slight difference in bonuses that these two kinds of sponsors receive.
Step 3: Combine the hints from both sources and compare the bonuses received by the two kinds of spon­
sors . It is obvious that Thomas is o_ffered reserved seats but James is not. Therefore, choice (8)
Special seats is the correct answer.
www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Read ing - 327
i.,iMii,io■@®i Practice para p h rasing the fol l owing sentences by choosing the
correct option .

0 1 Travelers are not allowed to smoke o n flights.

= Passengers are from smoking while on the plane.
(A) pro h i bited (B) suffering

02 Letters to the newspaper must include the writer's name in order to be printed.
submissions will be rejected.
(A) Unanimous (B) Anonymous

03 Only authorized personnel are permitted to enter classified areas.

(A) Only the personnel department can approve access to the restricted sections.
(B) Only a pproved staff members have access to restricted sections.

04 Equipped with state-of-the-art machines, the company d�cided to reduce its workforce.
(A) Some workers lost their jobs after equ i pment improvements were made.
(B) Eq u i pped with up-to-date mach ines, some worke rs a re ma king changes .

01 a llow [alau] 03 authorized [5:8ariiizd] 04 equipped with

prohibit [prouhibit] permit [permit] state-of-the-art [steitavi\ia:rt]
suffer [sAfar] classified [kla§safiiid] workforce [wa: rkfl>:rs]
02 submission [sabmiJan] approve [apni :v] up-to-date [Aptadeit]
reject [ridikt] access [a§kses]
unanimous uu:na§namas] restricted [ristriktid]
anonymous [an6namas]

328 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Question 5 refers to the fol lowing a n nou ncement and letter.
IElD

Web Design Ca reer Fa i r

Satu rday, M ay 1 5
9:00 a . m . - 7:00 p . m .
Nynack Convention Center, Maryvil l e

The Fifth An n ual Web Design Career Fai r is a n opportu n ity for resid ents t o fin d jobs i n the
exciti ng world of com puters. H u n d reds of companies a re looking for employees having
passion i n web design. Com pa ny representatives will provide specific d etai l s on cu rrent
openi ngs.

Dear Ms. Forrester,

I am writi ng to request you r assistance in the u pcoming Web Design Career Fa i r. It is
goi ng to be held in some major cities such as Chicago, N ew York, a n d Seattle as wel l as a
couple of smaller ones. You r excellent comm u nication skills and technica l knowledge w i l l
help us attract t o p ta lents. In add ition, it is sched u l ed t o take p l a c e i n you r ho m etown,
on M ay 1 5. So, I hope that you will be i nterested i n attend i ng. You will be responsible for
i ntrod ucing the cu rrent p rojects we a re working on and the benefits that th e company
offe rs.
Regards,
Tony Rex

05 Where is Ms. Forrester most likely from?

(A) New York
(B) Seattle
(C) Maryvi l le

05 career [kariar] cu rrent [ka:rant] attract [atrrekt]

fai r [fear] open ing [6upaniIJ] talent [trelant]
opportun ity [apartju:nati] assistance [asistans] attend [atend]
resident [rezadant] u pcoming [ipkAmiIJ] be responsible for
passion [prefan] major [meid3ar] benefit [benafl.t]
specific [spasifik] tech nical knowledge

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 329

 r . ·•

Photog raphy Contest

The National Association of Environmental Protection is going to hold a photography con­

test to promote the conservation of wildlife and the habitat criti cal to its survival. The photo­
graphs will be judged on technical excellence and originality. All photographers , profes­
sional or amateur of any age, may enter. Color and black-and-white prints up to 8x1 0 may
be submitted. Anonymous submissions will not be accepted.

The National Association of Environmental Protection will not be responsible for the return
of photographs not accompanied by a SASE (self-addressed stamped envelope) of the
appropriate size for you r print. If the print has not been reclaimed after a period of three
months, the photograph will be considered the property of the National Association of

�-
Environmental Protection.

.-,
To: The National Association of Environmental Protection
From: Kevin Clark
Re: Submitted photos

Dear Sir or Madam,

I sent my photos to enter your photo contest in April . Although I did not win the prize, the
contest was a valuable experience since it gave me a chance to learn how to take nature
shots. I sent a check to cover the costs of return shipping along with a note to ask for their
return. However, two months after the contest, I stil l have not got them back. I would like to
know what happened to my submissions. Thank you for your attention to this matter. I am
looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

le
Kevin Clark
1¢1 1 •
tr

330 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

06 What condition must be met to enter the 09 What is the purpose of the e-mail?
contest? (A) To check if a submission was received
(A) Contestants must ind icate their names. (B) To ask a bout the judging c riteria
(B) Only color photos a re considered . (C) To follow up on a request
(C) The photographers should be an (D) To object to the contest's results
amateur.
(D) The submissions need to be original 1 0 Why was the submission most likely not
copies. sent back to Mr. Clark?
(A) He did not pay the entry fee.
07 What most likely is the subject of the contest? (B) He did not include a SAS E.
(A) G reenhouses (C) He gave the wrong address.
(B) City views (D) He did not want to pick it up.
(C) Portraits
(D) Wi l d anima ls

08 What is stated about the contest's policy for

the return of submitted materials?
(A) A hand l ing fee must be paid for their
return.
(B) The photogra pher must fill out a form for
thei r return.
(C) Only 8 x 10 prints will be returned .
(D) The association will take ownershi p of
submissions that a re not recla imed .

Answers: p . 385

06 environmental [invaiaranmentl] accompany [akAmp,mi] view [vju:)

1-0 promote [pram6ut] self-addressed portrait [p5:rtrit)
conservation [kansarveifan] appropriate [apr6upriat] wild animal
wildlife [waildlaif] reclaim [rikleim) policy [p6lasi]
habitat [halbitret] consider [kansidar) handling [hrendli.IJ)
critical [kritikal] property [pr6parti) ownershi p [6unarfip]
judge [d31,d3] valuable [valljuabl] criteria [kraitiaria]
originality [arid3anrelati] cover [kAvar] fol low up on
up to contestant [kantestant] object [abd3ekt]
submit [sabmit] indicate [indikeit] pick u p
anonymous [an6namas] greenhouse [gri:nhaus)

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 3 1

332 www.nh a ntriviet.com
 0
Day 3 Wee k 4

Grammar
[Cla use] Adjective Cla uses
01 Positions of Adjective Clauses
02 Relative Pronouns

Vocabulary
Adverbs ( 1 )

Reading
Dou b le Passages: Advertisements

www.nhantriviet.com 333
 [Clause] Adjective Clauses

� Fun with Basic Grammar

• He's the friend that I like.

Adjective clause

• The group of words that I like mod ifies the noun friend . A clause that
mod ifies a noun as that I like is called an adjective clause.

Form of adjective cla uses

An adjective clause is formed by adjective clause conjunction + (subject) + verb ~. An
adjective clause is also known as a relative clause , and adjective clause conjunctions are also
called relative pronouns.

H e / is/a film d i rector/ who is famous for his use of special effects.
Relative pronoun (who) + verb (is) - = Adjective clause

Which of the fol lowing is the adjective clause?

I have a friend who is interested in marketi ng a rea.
(A) (B) 0
� This adjective clause is formed by relative pronoun + (subject) + verb - . Answer: ( B) �
=--=- 0 =--=- =--==- 0 -=---== 0 � � .11

334 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Grammar
What a re re lative pronouns?
Relative pronouns consist o f who , which, that depending on their preced ing n o u n s (people,
things, animals) and their functions in a clause (subjective , objective , or possessive) .

which which whose/of which

that that

Diana / mention ed / a former colleague/who q u it his job last yea r.

Noun (person) Relative pronoun (subjective)

r P-= 0 =--=1>=-= 0 =--=

Which relative pronoun fits the fol l owing sentence?
=-= 0 =-=-0=-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0=-=0� O =-=
,
o
� The manager is looking at the chart shows the volume of sales. �
o ( A ) which ( B) who o
� � The preceding noun chart is a thing and the pronoun needed for the blank fu nctions as the su bject of

.IL
the adjective clause. Answer: (A) r
� ::::::--c:=--O ==--= -0- -=--== -=--= 0- =--== O ==--== 0 ==--=-0 =---==--0 ==--= 0 -=--= 0 =--= 0- -=--= 0 -=--=== ==--::=- �
�

How is a n adjective cla use formed?

Two sentences that have two nouns / pronouns referri ng to the same person / th i n g / animal
can be combi ned into one by chang ing the second nou n / pronoun into a relative prono u n . The
relative pronoun functions as a conj unction l i n king the two sentences and i s used to replace the
nou n / pronou n .

I have a dog. + !! is cute.

(Dog and it refer to the same animal.)
!
I have a dog which is c ute.
(The relative pronoun which both combines two sentences and replaces the pronoun it.)

(/
r
-= Ct � O =--= =-= O =-= O =-= 0 =--= 0 =-= Ct =-= O =-= Ct =--= O =--= °1

e
Which of the two options is correct? �
�
We will do reg ular i nspections (they, which) a re a part of q uality control .
�
� The correct word in this sentence should be a relative p_ronoun . It combines two sentences and
V
fu nctions as the subject of the adjective clause. Answer: which n

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Sta rt Reading - 3 3 5

 - -� ��- , -- . � -� -- •�?_-r--'_ ��.--�'\l'�--i·• :-"=':� -· �:- - -·� .. .,,._._ _)r_·. -, .-�-, -_.:· ··.�T-':'".
:

01
--�

· PoSitiOQsfftj}tg iV:etC.i�fs;�::: . :t . / .,. . .. .

-• • ��/•t •�/ ·-.Le...,� ,..._)�r.-:-,;.�-.;:;
-".-� :�i:A4��� t;• / \ �i '; '.� :' ' • ��::•.• �{;(,/'""-;.'._r;.:t ·,:•/·. >. �:� ;_,w-i• -•� ·:.:_/-'t 'i� -,: •."_.l�if•,>·� ��L.;"t•/ - ·
... , : .

The m usical instrument that I lea rn to play is the violin.

I n this sentence, that I learn to play is an adjective clause. I n Eng lish, i n a par­
ticula r sentence, a n adjective clause must come right after the noun it mod ifies.
:j:

(I) Positions of adj ective cla uses

An adjective clause (or a relative clause) follows the noun it modifies.

The m a n / [who gave the speech] / is / my boss.

N�r I
I/found/some errors / i n the report/ [wh ich he wrote].
♦
N un I
Ashley / s h owed / me /the letter/ [that she received).
♦
N un
I
(I) Parts of speech that cannot come i n the positions of relative pronouns
A personal pronoun (h e, she, they, etc . ) cannot come in the positions of a relative pronoun.

Patients / ((they,�) want to see a doctor] / s h o u l d wait.

Noun Personal Relative
pronoun (X) pronoun (0)

� The relative pronoun who which beg i n s the adjective clause a nd mod ifi es the noun patients ca n not be
replaced by the perso nal pronoun they.

336 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com

 . ' . .
Day 3 Week 4
..,
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 Randy Hayes' book (which, it) studies international banking is a bestseller.

02 Warehouse workers stocked the items (these, that) are popular in stores.

03 The consultant (who, he) gave us advice wi ll visit the office tomorrow.

04 Our department manager will produce reports (that, they) evaluate the employees'
performances.

05 The head office must hire someone (this, who) can upgrade its accounting software.

06 The report includes the sales figures (those, that) we corrected today.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.

07 Shoppers __ present a coupon can 09 The concert __ was held in the theater
get a 20 percent discount. yesterday is the best I have ever seen.
(A) who (C) there (A) who (C) those
(B) they (D) when (B) which (D) they

. 08 If the lawyer had had time, she would have 1 0 The company will move into a new office
verified the content of the document __ building, __ Atlanta Bui lders
you gave her last week. constructed.
(A) who (C) whose (A) they (C) which
(B) those (D) that ( B) it (D) those

Answers: p. 385

02 warehouse [wearhaus] 05 hire [haiar] 08 content [kontent]

stock [stak] accounting [akauntii]] 1 0 move into
03 consu ltant [kanslltant] 06 include [inklu:d] construct [kanstT1kt]
advice [advais] sales figure
04 evaluate [ivreljueit] correct [karekt]
performance [parn: rmans] 07 present [prizent]

www nh;mtriviPt.com
@ who/which
Who is used when the relative clause fol l ows a noun ind icating people, whereas which i s used
to refer to a noun ind icating thi ngs or animals.

G uests / [(�,� came to the party) / brought/food.

People

I / lost/the watc h / [(WAe,�) I bought yesterday] .

Thing

(I) Subjective case / objective case / possessive case

I f there i s no subject i n a relat ive clause, the subjective relative pronouns who , which, that
should be used .
People/ [who reg ister today) / receive / a 20 perce nt d iscou nt.
� Beca use t h is relative clause does not conta i n a su bject, the su bjective relative pronoun who should be
used .

If there is no object in a relative clause , the objective relative pronouns whom, which , that
should be used or can be omitted .

H e / is/the dealer/ [whom I met at the confere nce] .

� Because this relative cla use does not contain an object, the objective rel ative pronoun whom shou ld be
used or ca n be om itted .

This / is /the l ist / [which the customer req ueste d) .

� Beca use this relative cla use does not contain a n object, t he objective relative p ronou n which shou ld b e
used or ca n be om itted .

If a relative clause has a noun that is part of or belongs to the noun before the relative clause,
the possess ive relative pronoun whose should be used .
I / rented / a house/ [whose roof was blue).
� Beca use this relative cla use has the noun roof which is pa rt of the noun house, the possessive relative
pronou n whose should be used .

3 3 8 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com

mma
� Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

0 1 The company is producing a new tire (who, which) is extremely durable.

02 This organization is hiring a PR man (whom, whose) responsibilities will include fundraising.

03 The second edition (who, which) will be available soon has an c;J.dditional chapter.

04 Writers (whose, who) work is admired internationally usually write about universal subjects.

___,,,___ Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.
0 5 He recommends this website for anyone 06 The secretary printed some i nvitations
__ is thinking about buying a car. __ he will send tomorrow.
(A) when (C) which (A) which (C) whose
(B) what (D) who (B) who (D) what

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowing article.

Lunsford Publishers announced yesterday that it has released a new book called Lost
Wind. It is a novel about a family __ lived in Massachusetts in the late nineteenth
07 (A) who (C) which
(B) these (D) they
century. The novel __ gives an accurate picture of life in the 1 890s was found in the
08 (A) whatever (C) what
(B) this (D) which
attic of Mary Woods, a Virginia resident. Her grandmother is its author.

Answers: p. 385

01 extre·m ely [ikstri:mli) 04 admire [admaiar] accurate [rekjurat]

durable [djuarabl] internationally [intarnrefanali] pictu re [piktfar]
02 responsibility [rispansabflati] universa l [ju:nava:rsal] attic [retikl
fu ndraising [u.ndreizirJ] 05 recommend [rekamend] resident [rezidant]
03 ed ition [idifan] 06 invitation [inviteifan] author [o:0ar]
available [aveilabl] 07 announce [anauns]
additional [adifanl] 08 release [rili:s]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 3 9

 Adverbs (1)
- • a; ..t•,:i..,_..__-�C:�"1'.',J _,.,,_ �• , < ,L i,_ ..,. .i • ., J • l •_ • ,- _____ 1 -• .,, -::.._ • , • , '• -• • •

How to Keep Our Teeth Healthy

� . LANGUAGE FOCUS
It is very important to have
healthy teeth. Actua lly, good • actually
teeth help us to chew our We've spoken on the phone but we've
never actua lly met.
food. They also help us to
look nice. How does a tooth • repeatedly
go bad? The decay begins Customers repeatedly complained
about the service of this hotel.
in a little crack in the enamel
covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and • eventually
bits of food have repeated ly collected there , then the The a u t hority is hoping, eventua lly,
decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. Eve ntua lly, to create 500 new jobs.

poison goes into the blood , and we may feel quite ill.
• vo luntarily
How can we keep our teeth healthy? Firstly, we Did he do it volu nta rily, or did you
make h i m ?
ought to volunta r i ly visit our dentist twice a year. He
can fill the small holes in our teeth before they des­ • ma rkedly
troy the teeth m a rked ly. He can examine our teeth The city's population has i ncreased
markedly.
to check that they are growing in the right way. U n ­
fort u nately, many people wait until they have tooth­ • u nfortunately
ache before they see a dentist. Secondly , we should U n fortunately, one of the most
brush our teeth with a toothbrush and fluoride tooth­ com petent managers is leavi ng the
company.
paste at least twice a day - once after breakfast and
once before we go to bed . We can a d d ition a l ly use • additiona lly
wooden toothpicks to clean between our teeth after a M e m bers receive six newslette rs a
meal. Thirdly, we should eat food that is good for our year. Add itionally, they have the use
of a helpli ne.
teeth and our body : milk, cheese , fish, brown bread ,
potatoes, red rice, raw vegetables , and fresh fruit. • especially
Chocolate, sweets, biscuits , and cakes are bad , es­ It was a very cold house, especia lly
in winter.
pecia lly when we eat them between meals. They are
extre m e ly harmful because they stick to our teeth • extremely
and cause decay . These negotiations will be extre m e ly
d i fficult for the company.

340 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nh antriviet.com

 Day 3 Week 4 ' ,
•
- ..,.___..�•_M&, • ,.:-._ �..__'.:: _:,. - ::.,_.'_ L ,:. ,. �•• - •- ._L.k. • ,_ . I ., _ .• 1 ,. •:

Choose one correct option i n the parentheses.

01 Oil prices increased (simultaneously, importantly, markedly) two years ago.

02 Companies work (initially, cooperatively, fairly) to find solutions to problems .

03 Clients have (repeatedly, markedly, briefly) requested information on our new products.

04 The employee who (seriously, voluntarily, widely) took on a difficult task was promoted.

----- Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

05 The New Chinese Financial Newspaper will 06 The country suffered a(n) __ high
be released __ in Singapore and Taiwan. unemployment rate for years.
(A) typically (C) conveniently (A) wrongly (C) unusually
( B) stringently (D) simultaneously (B) improperly (D) hugely

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following advertisement.

Welcome to the Grand Opening of the Lake Park Plaza !

Please join us as we celebrate our Grand Opening on Friday, March 1 6 at 1 : 30 p.m. The
Lake P?rk Plaza shopping center will __ open for business with a ribbon cutting. The
07 (A) normally (C) presently
(B) officially (0) recently

president of the Lake Park Plaza will then give a speech about her long-term vision for
the shopping center. The speech will be followed by a party which will begin __ at
08 (A) randomly (C) promptly
(B) relatively (0) ultimately

Answers: p. 385

02 solution [salu :Jan] 06 suffer [sifar] president [prezadant]

03 req uest [rikwest] unemployment rate speech [spi:tf]
04 task [tresk] for years long-term [l:>: IJ ta:rm]
promote [pram6ut] 07 grand opening vision [vi3an]
05 rel ease [rili:s] 0-8 celebrate [ selabreit]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 4 1

 Double Passages: Advertisements
• •__
,..• ~••/� .L 'lo...-� • I t ,, •

:,: :.: ::: :.: :;! :.: :.: :.: :1: ::: :, : :i: ::: :,:

:.; In Part 7, double reading passages may be related to advertisements. The first passage is an -:·•
advertisement and the second one is another advertisement /a letter /an e-mail /an a rticle /a
:-, form, etc. related to the first advertisement. ;:
::: : : ::: :j: ;!; ::: ::: :•: ::: :·: ::: :·: ::: :·:

Double reading passages related to advertisements may be about a recruit advertisement and
an e-mail or a curriculum vitae applying for a vacancy; about a hotel advertisement and a com­
plaint letter about hotel services; about a product advertisement and similar services.

Example:
��:+��-;--to;'c,r-a.��1:0:#-H-l-l:ticl:0•!�-�-t-o(c:1,�H-J-Oc,lcl· !-��
· · Passage 1 : An advertisement about office facilities and a guarantee of delivery within
I
Advertis ement three days
f
•1• Passage 2: An e-mail complaining about the computer table boug ht. The product was f
t��:��t-�=:::=�!::!::::::::::::=�=- ��l
Question: What in the advertisement does the e-mail mention?
Answer: Qu ick delivery

tL.
Step 1 : Identify key word(s) in the question
Read the question and identify the key word(s) . Decide whether it is an information ques­
tion or an inference question.

Step 2: Find hints for the answer

Identify either of the passages in which the information related to the key word(s) is pres­
ent. Locate the key word(s), then find hints to help choose the answer. Hints for the
answer can also be found in the other passage.

Step 3: Generalize hints from the two passages and choose the correct a nswer
Combine h ints from the first and the second passage, then choose the correct answer
from given choices . Answer choices may be paraphrased from the two reading passages.

342 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 The question below refers to the fol lowing adverti sement and e-mai l .

Shilton Resort

Shi lton Resort has launched a special discount package to welcome this sum­
mer. You should not miss this opportu nity to enj oy various and comfortable ser­
vices at reasonable prices .

*Special discount package* * Package price *

• Accommodation - Breakfast, lunch - Snorkeling 2 nights $300 - 3 nights $575 --- Step 2 : Find
• Swimming pool - Airport shuttle bus 4 nights $850 - 5 nights $ 1 , 1 00 the second
hint

To: Mick, Customer Care team leader, Shilton Resort

From :�
Re: Refund request
I used the special discount �for 4 days 3 nights at the Shi lton Resort ; Step 2: Find
however, I have to say the service was extremely awfu l . On the fi rst day , I had the first hint
to wait two hours for the room because it had not been prepared yet ; then I was
offered a room without a balcony as booked in advance. On the day I left, I had
to rush in order not to miss my flight because the ai rport shuttle bus arrived late .
Contrary to the advertisement that I cou ld enjoy the comfortable services and
faci l ities , the Shi lton Resort h as left me a complete annoyance . Therefore, I am
writing to ask for a full refund.

Questio n : How m u c h is the paid for? --- Step 1 : Identify the key word(s)
� �
Key word
(A) $300 (B) $5 7 5 ----- Step 3: Genera l ize the two h i nts
to help choose the answer
Ana lyzing:
Step 1: Read the question and identify the key words Sarah and package . From How much , it is clear that
this is an information question.
Step 2: Find the first hint in the e-mail involving Sarah and package - the key words in the question. The first
hint is located in / used the special discount package for 4 days 3 nights at the Shi/ton Resort. As
the question asks for the price of the package, this hint is not sufficient for a correct answer. Therefore,
the second hint should be found in the advertisement. In the section Package price in the advertise­
ment, it is easily indicated that 3 nights $575 is related to 3 nig hts in the first hint.
Step 3: After generalizing the first hint that Sarah used the special discount package for 4 days 3 nights with
the second hint that a 3-night stay costs $575, it can be implied that Sarah has paid $575. Therefore,
the correct answer is choice ( B) $575.

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i«wmihi·iiff®' vractice para p h rasing the fol l owing sentences by choosing the
correct option .

0 1 Applicants must be bilingual in order to be eligible for the position.

= To for the job, you need to know more than one language.
(A) promote (B) q ualify

02 We offer discounts for purchases of large quantities .

= Customers who buy in will save money.
(A) bulk (B) size

03 We treat our customers as individuals and meet their specific needs.

(A) Our services are custom ized .
(B) We offer 100 percent customer satisfaction gua ra ntee .

04 Advances in computer technology improved the accuracy of modern weather forecasts.

(A) Weather forecasting was not possible before the i nvention o{ computers .
(B) Weather pred icti ons beca me more rel iable due to better technology.

01 bilingual [bailiIJ9wal] 03 treat [ tri:t] 04 advance [advrens]

eligible [elid3abl] individual [indavid3ual] accu racy [rekjurasi]
promote [pram6ut] meet [mi:t] forecast [fo : rkrest]
qualify [kw6lafiii] specific [spasifik] invention [invenJan]
02 qua ntity [kw6ntatil customize (k,{stamaiz] pred iction [pridikJan]
in bulk guarantee [greranti:J reliable [rilaiabl]

344 - H ackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Questio n s refers to the fol lowi ng two advertisements .

U N IC - posting n u mber 902 1 - posted N ovem ber 27

The U N Information Coal ition ( U N IC) seeks motivated i n d ividuals who enjoy working i n
teams u nder lea d i ng IT special ists.

Duties: The i ndividual wi ll work with others to compile information.

Req u i rements: Fluency i n English is necessary; proficiency i n additional languages is pre­
ferred. Familiarity with PowerSlide software is a must, as the job i nvolves
presentations. The appl ication dead l i n e is Decem ber 5. Applicants wi l l be
contacted for i nterviews by Dece m ber 1 9.

Riviera Cruise Li ne - posting n u m ber 45 1 9 - posted December 3

Riviera Cruise Line is l oo ki ng for new employees that have a wil l i ngness to work with
others. App l i ca nts a re encouraged to a pply regardless of their experience in the ser­
vice i n d ustry as long as they a re n ot restricted from i nternational travel. To learn about
the various positions open, e-ma i l to [email protected]. These jobs offe r a n opportunity
to travel, make money, a n d a bove all, have fu n !

05 According t o the postings , what are applicants at both companies required t o do?
(A) Work in groups
(B) Speak two languages
(C) Learn about software

05 seek [si:k] proficiency [prafiJansi] rega rd l ess of

motivated [m6utaveitid] preferred [prifa : rd] as long as
d uty [dju :ti] familiarity [famllirerati] restrict [ristrikt]
com pile [kampail] must [IDAst] opportunity [a partju: nati]
req uirement [rikwaiarmant] application [replakeifan] a bove a l l
fluency [fhi:ansi] w i l l i ng ness [wili.JJnis] accord i n g to
n ecessary [nesaseri] e ncourage [inka:rid3]

www.n hantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 345

 .. • • • • . .. .
... ,fl
,_,
"' ;SI • • • • • • .
Actual Questions

Employment Opportun ities

The Federal Housing Institute (FH I) is seeking a full-time research associate. FHI is an
independent research institute dedicated to housing and community development issues.

Responsibilities of the position :

- conducting research on FHI projects, including data analysis and field investigations;
- preparing progress reports for the members of the FH I board , investors, and others;
- representing FHI at meetings and conferences.

The successful candidate should possess a master's degree i n city planning, and a min­
imum of two years' professional experience in the related field is required. The key require­
ment for the position involves a persuasive speaking ability to please diverse audiences.
So, an applicant with a public speaking ability or having equivalent qualifications is pre­
ferred. Frequent travel and oral contacts with policy makers are worth considering.

Salary will be commensurate with qualifications and experience. Please send a cover let­
ter and resume to: The Federal Housing I nstitute, 220 Westlake Ave. , Seattle, WA 981 2 1 .

Margaret Cooper
7 1 1 Pine St. , Seattle, WA 98 1 01
206-563- 1 1 56
margaret1 1 56@real mail.com

Objective
To obtain the position of research associate

Educational Background
University of Seattle, Master of Science in City Planning
Meyer University, Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering
Meyer University, Bachelor of Arts in Communication

Work Experience
Associate Researcher, Bishop Urban Development Co. , 2006 - present
- Researching urban water supply design and construction
Associate Researcher, Ardell City, Department of City Development, 2003 - 2006
- Wrote research summaries and case studies for Ardell City waterway research activities
- Published the paper "The Role of Urban Waterways" in Today and Future

346 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

06 Who posted the advertisement? 09 What qual ification of Margaret Cooper
(A) A constructi on company wou l d be most compati ble with the com­
(B) A rea l estate agency pany's requ i rements?
(C) A researc h organ ization (A) Her d i ploma from the U n iversity of
(D) A city's depa rtment Seattl e
(B) Her studies in com m u n i cation
07 What is N OT mentioned as a req u i remerit (C) Her experience i n publ ishing
for the job? (D) Her degrees from M eye r U n iversity
(A) A graduate degree
(B) Related experience 1 O What does M argaret Cooper do at her
(C) A wi l l i ngness to trave l cu rrent job?
(D) Com puter l iteracy (A) She resea rches u rban water services .
(B) She represents the company at
08 What does the advertisement suggest? conferences.
(A) FH I ra ises fu nds for u rban development. (C) She contributes papers to a magazi ne.
(B) Pay depends on the background of the (D) She works on Ardell City's projects .
applicant.
(C) The job i nvolves contri butions to a
period ical.
(D) F H I i s going to expand its research
division.

Answers: p. 385

�6 associate [as6ujiat) persuasive [parsweisiv) summary [s,imari)

1 O dedicated to d iverse [daiva:rs) computer l iteracy
conduct research equivalent [ikwivalant) contri bution [kantrabju:fan)
analysis [anrelasis] qualification [kwalafikeifan] period ical [pi ari6dikal]
field [fi:ld] commensurate with com pati ble [kampretabl)
investigation [investageifan) objective [abd3ektiv) diploma [dipl6uma]
possess [pazes) educational background
master's degree bachelor [bretfalar]

www.n ha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 347

348 www.nha ntriviet.com
 0
Day 4 Wee k 4

Grammar
[Spec i a l Structu re] Comparisons
01 Compa ratives
02 Superl atives

Vocabulary
Adverbs (2)

Reading
Dou ble Passages: Articles

www.nha ntriviet.com 349

 [Special Structure] Comparisons

� Fu n with Basic Grammar

Types of compa risons

Y o u a re ta ller than me.
Comparison

You a re the ol dest a m o ng us.

Comparison
Superlatives
The structu res used to show similarities and/
or d ifferences between two or a mong three or
• more o bjects l i ke the above exa m ples a re ca lled

Types of com pa risons

There are t h ree types of compari son s : equal ity used to com pare two eq ual objects , compara­
tives used when the one object is superior to the other, and superlat ives used when one object is
superior to the other two or more. (In the TOE I C exam , comparatives and su perlatives are more
l i kely found . )

Eq u a l ity as + bare adjective + as as large as

Comparatives compa rative + than larger tha n
Su perlatives the + superlative the largest

Seou l / is / larger/than Busa n .

Seou l / is/the largest city/� Korea.

, ( \{ (/ .....:- � =-= O -=-c= 0 =-= -0 "">-<= 0 =--= 0 =--== 0 =>-<= 0 --=--=- 0 =-= 0 =--== 1

� Which of the fol lowi ng is the com parative?

(A) This chair is comfortable.
(B) This chair is more comfortable than the old one.

¢ The com pa rison used when the one object is superior to the other is called the comparative. jo
Answer: ( B )
=--=- 0 � 0 ==--==- 0 --=--= 0 ==--= 0 :::::--,c:- 0 � 0 -=--= 0 ==--:: 0 -==--=:: 0 =--=- 0 ==---=- 0 =-c:::::- 0 -=--=- 0:

350 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www. n h a ntriviet.com

 Forms of co mpa ratives a n d su perlatives
Com paratives and s u perlat ives are formed by chang ing the form of adjectives and adverbs .
There are regular and i rregular forms .

. .. . . . .
Regu lar forms
•
.
.

.. .
. - -
Comparatives . .
TwoI or
I more
I • syllables more + adjective /adverb : d i l igent -> more di l igent
. adjective /adverb + -(e)st: fast -> fastest
Su perl atives
Two or more syllables most + adjective /adverb : dil igent -> most di ligent

better
worse worst
many/ m uch more most
l ittle less least

The KTX / i s /faster/th a n a bus.

M a x / i s /the most d i l i g e nt worke r / i n the office .

Her ideas / a re / b etter/than m i n e .

It/was/the worst food / that I have ever eaten .

r
1ij
e . u � � =-= o =-= =-= =-= � =-= o =-= o =--=� =-= o =-= o =-= 0 �

V
Which of the fol lowing fits the sentence?
My colleague can speak Spa n ish than Mr. Anderson.

l
n (A) weller (B) better n

q The adverb well has an i rregular compa rative form . Answer: ( B ) J

-==--==- 6 ==--=: 0 =--=. 8 =--=. 8 -=--:=. 0 =---=.. .o � a ==---.= 6- ===--=: d ==--c=:;;; 6 � & ==--=:.- & ::=--c=: =::::-c:=

www.n ha ntrivi et.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 5 1

01 C omparatives
• , •• • • I ',eo '

{I Com pa rative + than

In comparatives, the structure comparative of adj ective / adverb + than is usually used.
Therefore, if you see than in a sentence, the comparative form of an adjective or adverb must
come before it.

Plastics /are / (�.� / than metals .

Adjective (X) Comparative (0)

She/ speaks / (eleafl.y,�) /than the oth ers.

Adverb (X) Comparative (0)

(I Com pa rative expressions

the + com parative -, the + comparative -
the + compa rative + of the two

The more/you learn, / (the wise, �) / you become.

Patrick/ is / (#te--ta#, �) of the two .

{I) Compa rative emphasis

Adverbs to emphasize comparatives with the meaning of a little bit include much, eve n , sti l l ,
fa r.

Our delivery service / is / m u ch q u icker/than that of others.

Comparative

The hotel / i s /far cheaper/than we expected.

Comparative

352 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h antriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

01 Morning classes are (little, less) crowded than evening ones.

02 This system is (very, much) more sophisticated than the old one.

03 Using public transportation is far (fast, faster) than taking the car.

04 The desk job is the (safe, safer) of the two jobs Mr. Pryce is considering.

05 The (more, most) prepared the staff is, the more quickly the evaluation can be completed.

06 Experience can help you communicate (skillful ly, more skillfully) than having much knowledge.

__..,,,._,,_ Choose the correct option for each of the fol l owing sentences.
07 __ the session lasts, the more 09 The economy is currently much __ than
exhausted the attendees will be. it was five years ago.
(A) The longer (C) The longest (A) weak (C) weakest
(B) Longer (D) If longer ( B) weaker (D) weakness

08 Small music devices are available 1 O The __ of the two places will be select­
today than they were a decade ago. ed as a new location for the company.
(A) more readi ly (C) most readily (A) more (C) better
(B) read i ly (D) readiest (B) good (D) most

Answers: p . 385

01 crowded [ kraudid] 06 experience [ikspiarians] 08 device (divais)

02 soph isticated [safistakeitid] com m u n icate [kamju:nakeit] decade [dekeid)
03 pu blic tra nsportation knowledge [n6 1id3] 09 cu rrently [ka :rantli]
04 consider [kansidar] 07 session [sefan] 1 0 select (silekt]
05 evaluation [ivrelj ueifan] last [!rest]
com plete [kampli:t] exhausted [igz5:stid]
attendee [atendi:]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 353

 • 1 ,...- � •• • •

0 2 su'p �'r i�tives·

�--....J�����....,1...-�� ,,,:,.'1/�.•,ll-c ·�.� iiH.J, � h,.....�1-·L11,� . ..,__� ""' • . f ., ,...., �- � , -

(I) the + su perlative + of ~ / in ~ /that-clause

In superlatives , the structure the + superlative of adjective / adverb + of ~ / i n ~ /that-cla use
is used .
H e / i s /the (cleverer, �) student/ of a l l my classm ates.
Comparative (X) Superlative (0)

It/ is/the (ta#ef, �) buildi n g / i n the city.

Comparative (X) Superlative (0)

This copy mach i n e / r u n s / the fastest/ of a l l .

(I} Superlative expressions

one of the + su perlative + p l u ra l n o u n
the + ordina l n u m ber + superlative

She / i s /o ne of the (ficl:le.F, �) people / i n this town .

Comparative (X) Superlative (0)

Busa n / is/the seco n d (�, �) city / i n Korea.

Comparative (X) Superlative (0)

3 54 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n h a ntriviet.com

f ,;:. •• � •-•• • - ••- � "- -�• , ' '• I ,._,� -.. _. • • 1
Day 4 Week 4
••
'

.,i j
..,
Choose one correct option in the pa re ntheses.
. .

0 1 Porcot Systems provides the (finer, finest) services of any company in our industry.

02 The city of Kimpo has the nation's (second, secondly) busiest airport.

03 Shanghai has become the (most, more) advanced city in China.

04 FunTravel Co. offers consumers the (wider, widest) selection of accommodations in Asia.

Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.

05 Plastic is one of the __ widely used 06 Of all the types of transportation availa ble,
materia ls in the electronics industry. the express bus is the __ way to reach
(A) more (C) much the downtown area .
(B) most (D) such (A) more easily (C) easiest
(B) most easily (D) easy

-
07
08
The state government is planning to revise existing regulations for small businesses.
At present, these companies are burdened by high taxes and requirements that are
more __ than those of other states. Beginning next month, small businesses will pay
07 (A) restrictive (C) restrictively
(B) restrict (0) to restrict

lower permit fees. Fees will be suspended if the business spends one million dollars on
construction. City officials cited a recent study which concluded that the __ small
08 (A) strong (C) stronger
(B) strongly (0) strongest
companies in the region invested large amounts on construction.
"-'-��""""'���"-"'-��.....,�������-��-�.9,a...C::�
Answers: p . 385

01 provide [pravaid] electronics [ilektroniks] b u rden [ba:rdn]

02 nation [neiJan] 06 transportation [trrensparteiJan] permit fee
04 consumer [kansu :mar] express bus suspend [saspend)
selection [silekJan] downtown [daunta un] construction [kanstr.ikJan)
accommodations [ako madeiJanz] 07 state [steit) cite [sait)
05 widely [waiclli] 08 government [g1varnmant] conclude [kanklu :d)
materia l [ matiarial) revise [rivaiz) i n vest [invest]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 3 5 5

Healthy Food

As a result of years of
research , we know that
too much animal fat is
bad for our health. Typ ­
i cally, Americans eat a lot
of meat and only a small amount of grains , fruit and
vegetables . Because of thei r diet , they c u rre ntly have
high rates of cancer and heart di sease. In Japan , i n
contrast , people solely eat large amounts of grains
and very little meat. The Japanese also have very low
rates of cancer and heart disease. I n fact, the Japa­
nese live longer than anyone else in the world.

When Japanese people move to the United States,

the rates of heart disease and cancer increase as thei r
diet changes . M o reove r , as hambu rgers , ice cream ,
and other h ig h-fat foods become popular in Japan,
the rates of heart disease and cancer are c o n t i n u a lly
increasing there as well . People are also eating more
meat and dairy products in other countries , such as
Cuba, Mauritius , and Hu ngary. Not s u r p r i s i n g ly, the
disease rates in these countries are increasing along
with the change in diet. C o n se q u e ntly, doctors every­
where advised people to fre q u e n t ly eat more g rains,
fruit and vegetables and to eat less meat and fewer
dairy products . Eating a d equate ly and effectively is
one of the ways to maintain good health .

3 5 6 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.
lmD

0 1 The item is (shortly, temporarily, efficiently) out of stock.

02 The product was (conveniently, widely , di rectly) advertised throughout the region.

03 Passwords should be changed (lately, clearly, frequently) to prevent unauthorized access.

04 For technical reasons, the website is (currently, precisely, highly) not accessible.

,._......,_._ Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences.
0 5 Shareholders should not rely __ on the 06 The session will help participants learn how
fund 's investment adviser for assistance. to __ conduct a survey.
(A) surely (C) recently (A) accidenta lly (C) effectively
(B) solely (D) nea rly (B) a pparently (D) informally
r,::.-""'�""""�,,_"'<'.,v-;,_,.,.-.,.�..,.,.....'r>"_.,'V'r,_���

-
07
08
Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowi ng advertisement.

Alpha Auto Body has served Tokyo motorists for over 20 years . Since our open ing, we
have __ provided our customers with superior customer service. We are __
07 (A) broad ly (C) fa irly 08 (A) gradually (C) conveniently
(8) formerly (0) consistently (8) quickly (0) marginally
located in the city's center near department stores and subway stations. Our facil ity is
equ ipped with the latest high-tech machines and computerized systE)ms. We ensure
an excellent repai r job at a fair price.
:!.A-
""-"'"� � �� � � � .........,,
� �

Answers: p . 385

01 out of stock 05 shareholder Uearhouldar] 07 provide A w i th B

02 advertise [redvartaiz] rely on 08 superior [su:pi ariar)
region [rf:d3an] fu nd [£\nd] locate 06ukeit)
03 prevent [privent] i nvestment [investmant] be equ ipped w ith
unauthorized [ln5:8araizd] assistance [asistans] latest Oeitist)
access [rekses] 06 participant [po:rtisapant) ensu re [infu ar]
conduct a survey fair [fear]

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 3 57

 Double Passages: Articles
. '

� � � � * � � � � * � � �- *
·:- In Part 7, dou ble reading passages may be related to articles. The first passage is an article ;·
focusing on a particular topic and the second one is another article / letter / memo / form,
·, etc. related to the fi rst article. ❖:
;:: :•: •1: :•: ;:: •:: •I: :'; ;t• :•: ::• ;:• ': :::

Double reading passages related to articles may be an article discussing corporate trends and
a letter which asks for correcting the article content; an article involving a sales situation and a
memo convening a sales meeting; an article on promoting product sales and a product sample;
an article commenting on a performance and a program schedule, etc.
Example:
± """l-❖-1-�I-Ojcr�...Z�'i+I-DI<: -t H • :
!�1 f
Passage 1 : An article about C o m pany ABC, which is promoting their product cons ump-
Article tion p rog ra m . During this event, custo mers can exchange poi nts accu m u lated

I
on buying prod ucts for popular prod ucts; however, m ost custo mers cannot
excha nge for the most popular product u ntil they g ather enough 5,000 po i nts .
• • Passage 2: List of prod ucts for exchange : 5,000 points - M P3 player ••
Form i
,le, · �ll->1--H+O;>l<:, �.��l-❖-H)•��H-0,:Cl�o❖-1�-+:�H-O:ol-�-l-❖+Olol!

Question: What prod u ct do custo mers l i ke best?

Answer: The M P3 player

Step 1 : Identify key word(s) in the question

Read the question and identify the key word(s) . Decide whether it is an information ques­
tion or an inference question.

Step 2: Find h i nts fo r the a nswer

Identify either of the passages in which the information related to the key word(s) is pres­
ent. Locate the key word(s) , then find hints to help choose the answer. Hints for the
answer can also be found in the other passage.

Step 3: Generalize hints from the two passages a nd choose the correct answe r
Combine hints from the first and the second passage, then choose the correct answer
from given choices . Answer choices may be paraphrased from the two readi ng passages .

358 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com

 The question below refers to the fol lowing article and letter.

The I MV Record Company has announced that they are planning to buy
the H&B Company in order to expand their business in the market. The Step 2: Find
I MV has been lonely struggling in the severe competition with larger record the second
compan ies such as Power Music Company or Harmony Company. Their h i nt
sales figures this year have decreased by 5 . 7%, whereas profit from the H&B
Company' s outlets during the two quarters has gone down by 8% . Experts
have predicted that the I MV Company wil l close some of the H&B Com­
pany' s outlets to cut down expenses and lay off a number of employees.

To whom it may concern,

I am the spokesman of the H&B Company. I am writing this letter in re­ Step 2: Find
sponse to the article published on Music Magazine on June 1 0 . Contrary the first hint
to what was stated in the article, our company' s sales in two quarters have
only declined slightly by 0.8%. The article may have provoked a negative
impact on our business. Therefore, I am requesting you to correct this in­
formation as soon as possible.

Yours faithfully,

Question : What is i m plied a bout� -------- Step 1 : Identify the key word(s)
Key word ...=:,-
(A) He is the representative of a record association .
(8) His com pany wi l l be pu rchased .------- Step 3: Generalize the two h i nts
to help choose the answer
Ana lyzing:
Step 1 : Read the question and identify the key word Mark. From the word i m plied used in the question, this
is clearly an inference question .
Step 2: Identify the reading passage in which the key word Mark appears. As stated in the letter, I am the
spokesman of the H&B Company, and the signature at the end of the letter, it can be inferred that
Mark is the H&B Company's employee and also the letter sender. However, the information is not
relevant to the given choices. It is, therefore, necessary to search for the second hint. The article says,
The IMV Record Company has announced that they are planning to buy the H&B Company . . .
Step 3 : When we combine the first hint indicating Mark i s the H&B Company's staff and the second hint say­
ing the I MV Company is planning to buy the H&B Company, it can be inferred that Mark's company
will be purchased by another one. Therefore, the correct answer is choice (8) His company will be
purchased.

www.nhantrivi et.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 359

i;'lt//t\Wtihit■/iifGU Practice para p h rasing the fol lowing sentences by choosing the
correct option .

0 1 I t would be best to delay investing until we know the long-term effects o f the merger.
= I recommend investment until we have a clear idea of the merger's results.
(A) investigating (B) postponing

02 The restaurant was threatened with closure because it was not clean enough.
= The restaurant was warned to improve its poor
(A) sanitation (B) ventilation

03 A power failure at the production facility has caused serious delays.

(A) Serious failures by those who have power caused major production delays.
(B) Production was significantly delayed due to interruption of electric power.

04 Following the merger, there will be staff reductions at all of the company's locations.
(A) The company will lay off workers after the merger.
(B) The merger wi l l result in the closure of some of the company's branches.

o 1 delay [dilei] 02 threaten [9retn] 04 reduction [ridAkJan]

long-term [l:'>:IJta:nn] sanitation [samiteifan] lay off
merger [ma:rd3ar] ventilation [ventaleiJan] clos u re (k]6u3ar]
i nvestment [investmant] 03 power failure
investigate [investageit] significantly [signifikantli]
postpone [pous tp6unl i ntenru ption [lntaripJan]

360 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

 Question s refers to the fol l owing review and progra m .

The Summer Stage Com m u n ity Theater opened its new season l ast n ight with a prod uc­
tion of Waiting for the Last Bell to Ring. Much to my s urprise, this may be the best produc­
tion of the year! A novel adapted to the stage, it is a mix of roma nce, comedy, adventure,
a n d tragedy in Paris in the eighteenth century.

The costumes and sets were simply amazing without being a distraction. The lead actress,
Ms. Bowles, was q u ite convi nci ng, a n d her growth in this role brought the a u dience to
tears. If there was a weak point, it was the scri pt, which seemed to lack a n atu ra l flow
between some scenes.

Summer Stage Community Theater

Presents
Waiting for the last Bell to Ring
Scripted by
Fran co Seginer
Starring Gayle Bowles a n d Arth u r M a n del
Directed by _ _ _ Sal ly Noleila
Costume Designer Rachel Green
Production Designer Wesley Pierce
Techn ical Designer Tom Brown
This prod uction has been made possi ble by the generou s sponsors h i p of members of the
local business com m u n ity.

05 Whose work received a negative review?

(A) Gayle Bowles
( B) Rachel Green
(C) Franco Seginer

05 stage [steid5) costu me [kastju:m] flow (flou)

production [pradAkfan] distraction [distrrekfan] sta r [sto :r]
to one's surprise lead actress generous [d3en aras)
adapt [adrept] convincing [kanvinsll)] sponsorship [sp6nsarfip]
mix [miks] bring A to tears negative [negativ)
adventu re [adventfar] weak point review [rivju:)
tragedy (trred3adi] lack [lrek]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 361

 With the successful opening of Footloose Shoes stores in Philadelphia and New Jersey last
year, the company has decided to expand into Seattle, Portland , and San Francisco. New
stores are u nder construction and will be completed in three months . They are projected
to open within the year.

The company first began operations seven years ago as a small boutique store located
in New York. It quickly gained a reputation for high-quality, stylish products. Although the
company initially produced and sold only women ' s shoes, two years after opening, the
decision was made to move into men's shoes. This proved to be a big success, and soon,
men's shoes accounted for over 70 percent of the company's total sales. However, in
conjunction with the upcoming expansion, the company will launch a new line of women's
shoes to boost sales.

I ,

Dear Ms. Gomez,

The directors of Footloose Shoes would like to take this opportu nity to thank you for your
years of service to the company. In fact, your involvement in the opening of the Philadelphia
• branch played an important role in the success of the company.
We would like you to manage the new store in San Francisco for about a year. You would
be in charge of dealing with any problems connected to the open i ng of the new store.

By the end of the year, our plans to expand into Europe will be completed. If the branch is
successful, you would most likely be appointed regional manager for our European stores.
As a regional manager, you would be responsible for all aspects of our European oper­
ation. We look forward to achieving success with you in the future. Please call me to discuss
this further.

Yours sincerely,
Nicolas Nelson

362 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

06 In the article, the word "projected" in para­ 09 What did Ms. Gomez do last year?
graph 1 , line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) She participated in the esta blishment of
(A) tightened the com pany.
(8) scheduled (B) She assisted with opening a store in
(C) shown Philadelphia .
(D) agreed (C) She worked for another corporation in
New Jersey.
07 When was Footloose Shoes founded? (D) She traveled throughout Europe.
(A) Last month
(B) Last year 1 O What will probably happen if the store in
(C) Two years ago San Francisco is successful?
(D) Seven years ago (A) Ms. Gomez will open her own store.
(B) Ms. Gomez wil l be transferred to Europe.
08 What is NOT mentioned as part of the (C) Ms. Gomez will move back to
company's plans for the current year? Philadelphia.
(A) The release of a new product line (D) Ms. Gomez will become a director.
(8) The opening of new shops
(C) An expansion into menswear
(D) The construction of severa l stores

Answers: p. 385

03 expand [iksprend] account fo r appoint [ap5int]

1 O under construction in conjunction with a spect [respekt]
project [prad3ekt] la unch [b:ntf] tighten [taitn]
operation [opareifan] boost [bu:st] cu rrent [ka:rant]
g a i n [gein] i nvolvement [inv6lvmant] release [rili:s]
reputation [repjuteifan] be in charge of esta b l ishment [istreblifmant]
i n itially [inifali] deal with assist [asist]
prove [pru:v] con nected [kanektid] tra nsfer [trrensfa:r]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readino - 363

364 www .nhantriviet.com
 Day 5 Wee k 4

Grammar
[Speci a l Structu re] Pa ra l l e l i s m a n d I nversion
01 Para l lel ism
02 I nvers i on

Vocabulary
Adverbs ( 3 )

Reading
Double Passages: Forms

www .nhantrivi et.com 365

 [Special Structure]
Parallelism and I nversion

f Fun with Basic Grammar

What is para l lelism? What i s i nversion?

•
Cocoa is h ot a n d delicious. \ � \
Adjective Adjective �
\WI �
ver bored.
Never a m I bored.

We ca n use the l i n king word and to join hot to The basic structu re i n English is subject +
delicious. When we join two items by a l i n king verb -. When a specific expression is put
word, it is necessary to mai nta i n the balance at the beg i n n i ng of a sentence, for ex­
before and after the l i n king word, like hot (ad­ ample never, the subject-verb order wi l l
jective) and delicious (adjective). This is called b e i nverted . This is called i nversion.
pa ra llelism .
7

Pa ra l lelism with l i n ki ng words

Paral lel ism i s formed with coord i nating conjunctions or correlative conjunctions. Items which
are joi ned should have the same form .

Coord i nating conj u n ctions Corre lative conj u n ctions

and both and

or B either A or B
but neither nor
I I
Form A = Form B Form A = Form B

H e / is/smar1i a nd m .
Adjective Adj ective

She/ e ither uv.s or e s /the used cars .

Verb Verb

r e t \l (/ � ==--= O =--= O =-c= e> =--= O =--= O =-==- O =-= O �o -==--=- 0 =--= 0 =--=-

Which of the following fits the sentence?

1

Ms. Holt gave a n i nteresting and speech . O

l
�
( A ) i nformative ( B ) i nformation
�
�
q The two items joined by a coordinating conju nction must have the sa me form; therefore, before and is
the adjective i nteresti ng, then an adjective is needed after and, too. Answer: ( A )
=--= -==--== O ==--==- O =--=- o -==--== o :=-c:::: =--== O -===--==- o -=---=- o � o ==---c::: o =--=- o =--c=c o .==-c:::::: J
366 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com
 When a n d how is a n i nversion used?
An i nversion is used when we want to emphasize the mean ing of a sentence. The emphas ized
part is put at the begi nning of the sentence . The subject-verb order is changed. H owever, the verb
form in the inverted sentence wi l l vary depending on whether the verb in the origi nal sentence i s
a n ord i nary verb or it goes with b e / have / a ux i l iary verb .

I nversion with be/ have/ a uxi l i ary verb

Be/ have /auxil iary verb wi ll be put before the subject.

Ti m othy/was / rarely /so pleased .
Subj
�
Rarely was Ti mothy so p leased.
[Emphasized Verb Subject
RARELY] BE
Inversion with a n ordinary verb
If a sentence contains an ordi nary verb, the auxi liary verb DO ( do, does , did ) will be put before
the subject, and the main verb is in the base form .
She / never thought / of it.
Subject Negative Ordinary verb
e past tense)
�
Never dia she th i n k of it.
[Emphasized Auxiliary Subject Ordinary
NEVER] verb DO verb

u � � =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0=-= 0=-= 0 =-= 0 =-= 0 =-= �
re
� Which word fits t h e sentence?
V I never receive enough incentives.
�
o
n .....
r
Never (do, a m ) I receive enough i ncentives.
�

n sentence�IS inverted.
� <=> This sent nce contains an ordinary verb; the auxiliary verb DO must be put before the subject when the
Answer: do n
� � o� o ==-= o � � =--= o � o =-= o =-= o =-== o � o �o =-= o =-= o� �

www.n h a ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 367

 .
O1
.- ; -•• I <'-•� -., -
'

. : .· . �-- ." :_ ...r: �·-�, : \:�·;,-_ -�·-· : .·_ _

• • I ' . - I

' . '
. ·.. .

Paralle listrr ,.· : :. . j ., _.., - · � _ • ·, .• .-. · .,.:,,i ci':, -.._ ,,i,'�;K.,.: ,.,,.:.
•·c,£;,.__�- r J
,..-�ti- "--'• .. ·
: _ , ,� . .:.:. .. •.;,;.#11���1� ,.,;,'..--.,,,.....lt��

{I) Parts of speech i n para l lelism

In parallelism, words / phrases joined should be of the same parts of speech . It means that par­
allelism should only exist between · noun-noun , verb-verb, adjective-adjective, and adverb-adverb
connections.

Noun: �- � _ and .___.

Noun Noun

Verb: We/ can/ e n a letter or a l you .

Verb Verb

Adjective : The new machine/ is / neither cien nor a .

Adjective Adjective

Adverb: a nd orrectl
Adverb Adverb

(I> Struct u res in para l l e l ism

In parallelism, items joined should be in the same structure. It means that parallelism combin­
ation should be between gerund-gerund, infinitive-infinitive, prepositional phrase-prepositional
phrase, and noun clause- noun clause.

Geru n d : S h e / is responsible for/ not only ana lyzin g da but also eviewing rePQ
Gerund Gerund

I nfinitive :
Infinitive Infinitive

Prepositional
p h rase : The meeti n g / will be held/ either · n t e morm n or at n ign .
Prepositional phrase Prepositional phrase

Noun clause: H e / remembered / and

Noun clause Noun clause

3 68 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nha ntriviet.com

 't
mma
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 The company will develop and (distribute, distribution) free antivirus software.

02 We provide our customers with (satisfactory, satisfaction) and value.

03 Applicants should have demonstrated either experience or (know, knowledge) in this area.

04 Companies cut down costs by moving their plants abroad and (hiring, hire) cheap foreign labor.

05 The plan will be redesigned both to shorten project duration and (to simplify, simplifying)
implementation.

06 The Support Department was asked to create an easy but (accurate , accurately) model of the
data.

_;Ii,
Mnffll•MM
Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

07 To apply for this job, please send a resume 09 The duties for this position include both
that summarizes your __ and skills. __ budget savings and preparing
(A) educate (C) education financial reports.
(B) educated (D) educational (A) to achieve (C) achieved
(B) achieving (D) achievement
08 Thanks to the Internet, digital music has
not only become popular but is also 1 0 To move closer to work and __ a place
_·__ across the globe. nearby can reduce the stress of
(A) profits (C) profitably commuting.
(B) profitable (D) profiting (A) to rent (C) rental
(B) renti ng (D) rented

Answers: p. 385

01 antivirus [rentivairas] duration [djureifan] 09 duty [dju:ti]

02 provide A with B implementation [implamanteifan] position [pazifan]
value [vrelju:] 06 Support Department include [inklu:d]
03 demonstrate [demanstreit] model [mad!] budget [b,1.d3it]
experience [ikspiarians] 07 apply [aplai] financial [fainrenfal]
04 plant [plamt] resume [rezumei] 1 0 nearby [niarbai]
labor [leibar] summarize [s,1.maraiz] reduce [ridju:s]
05 redesign [ri:dizain] skill [skill commute [kamju:t]
shorten [f:\:rtan]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 369

 • • ::. - r
.

02
' ' .

I nversion . .. I • • _ • '1· •
•

·1 •l••.' '" 0 • • .' •••�..._ .,_

q_�..., .:..���...u' lfi.Jt�i!. h :i:,v ..,,.U ...-.1_- 1-!.., • ,
__ J...lli..�=..J.d.���½-o�..a.���, 11).���u\a.�V....
• ' ·, • .:,.•, " •- � j (• • �Le�·
� .-

(I) I nversion cases

When a negative word such as never, neither, hardly, seldo m , rarely and l ittl e is put at the
beginning of a sentence to emphasize the meaning, the subject-verb order will be inverted.

I / had never seen / such a g reat view.

- N ever /had I seen/ such a g reat view.
¢ When the negative word never is put at the beg i n n i n g of the sentence, the subject-verb order (I-had)
wi l l be inverted .

When only + adverb is moved to the beginning of a sentence as an emphasi s , an inversion

is used.
The manager/ only recently /heard / the n ews .
- Only recently / did the manager hear / the news.
¢ When only recently is placed at the beg i n n i ng of a sentence, the positions of the s u bject and verb wi l l
be cha nged . I n this case, the auxi l ia ry verb d i d i s added a n d put before the subject t h e manager, a nd at
the sa me ti me, the m a i n verb h eard is i n the base form hear.

(I d o / does / did + su bject + ba re i nfin itive, have / has / ha·d + s u bject + past
pa rticiple

When d o / does / d i d i s put before the subject, a bare infinitive should follow t h e subject ; in
case of have / has / had, a past participle should follow the subject.

Seldom / does Diana (eektys, � / doing her work.

Third person singular verb (X) Bare infinitive (0)

Ra rely /has the economic situation {ae, �) / better.

Bare infinitive (X) Past participle (0)

370 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.nhantriviet.com

t
IDB
Choose one correct option i n the pa rentheses.

0 1 (Ever, Rarely) has the price of gasoline been higher than it is now.

02 Only recently (have, do) nutrition studies uncovered the benefits of eating eggs every day.

03 Hardly did financial experts (predict, predicted) the sudden changes in the stock market .

04 Never (has, did) the company suffered such a sharp downtu rn .

Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowi ng sentences .
.,_ar.,_,,_
0 5 Mrs. Jefferson will not attend the confer­ 06 Never did Phil Stacey's personal problems
ence and __ will Mr. Thomson. __ with getting his work done.
(A) however (C) either (A) i nterfering (C) interfered
(8) neither (D) also (8) to interfere (D) interfere

07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the fol lowing memorandu m .

08
From: Marcia Sandilands, Manager
To : Staff

We will be launching the biggest advertising campaign the company has ever conducted .
Our objective will be to teach the public about the advantages of a Blue-Point PDA. ___
07 (A) Although (C) Never
(B) Even (D) As quickly as

has the PDA been more in demand than now. Sales of all PDAs have jumped by 400 per­
cent since the beginning of the year, and we want a major share of that market. There­
fore, I would like to remind you to provide __ and timely information to prospective
08 (A) accuracy (C) accurateness
(B) accurate (D) accurately

customers. Inform them about the features, how to use them, and about our warranty.

Answers: p. 385

02 n utrition [nju:triJan] D_7 launch [b:ntf] share [fear]

uncover [AD.!uvar] 08 objective [abd3ektiv] timely [taimli]
03 stock ma rket advantage [advaJntid3] prospective customer
04 downturn [daunta:rn] be in demand feature [fi:tfar]
major [meid3ar] wa rranty [w5ranti]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start ReadinQ - 3 7 1

 �I ' •· ' ' .1·-, , · - ... •
. ' '

' .
- . .

• •' � ' . .-- l -'

������
. � �' .
,.. . .,-•

Advice for Overweight People

1 . Do exercise reg u la rly. Do not be lazy.

2. Do not eat junk food when you stay up late.

3 . Do not thi nk you can struggle on your own. If you

practice with friends, it can be m u tually helpful
and you may lose weight s i g n i fi ca n t ly.

4 . Read carefu lly all the stories written by those who

have been successful in their fight against over­

t weight so that you can learn from them more

J
effi c i e ntly.

If you can act on these four pieces of advice

reas o n a b ly both in exercising and you r daily eating
1
habits, you may d ra m ati c a lly lose weight some day.
You should not expect to lose weight in one or two
days, but you had better exercise regularly and cor­
rectly. A sound mind only exists in a healthy body.

3 72 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com

 Day 5 ·1 eek 4 ' '
•;
• � , • ,
.. ·
1 -1 .:,....�jt.-..J!.IMI:.,., j L.-..___•-.1 ... . .:'.a.'"..J-',:A �·--· � • _ :_ -=t l,;. .:'1 "' .,, ...,.it.:: , � 'la:.• -J• . ...:., _:_, �-.hZ. 1111.1.- · _.:

Choose one correct option in the pa rentheses.

0 1 This year's budget has been reduc�d (late, widely, significantly) .

02 Most stores stay open (wel l , much, late) on weekends to accommodate shoppers.

03 The number of clients has grown (politely, dramatically, carefully) in the last few years.

04 The food at the French restaurant was (initially, reasonably, solely) priced.

----- Choose the correct option for each of the fol lowing sentences.

05 Our goal is to maintain a __ beneficial 06 The manual provides information that helps
relationship with our customers and users operate the computer more --·
community. (A) frequently (C) cooperatively
(A) conveniently (C) regularly (B) efficiently (D) simu ltaneously
(B) mutual ly (D) precisely

07 Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following memorand u m .

08
From: Erica Turner, Office Manager
To: All staff
I know that not everyone in the office is comfortable using computers, but al l important
office annou ncements wil l now be sent by e-mail . So, it is very important that you __
07 (A) entirely (C ) regu larly
(B) flexibly (D) strongly
check your e-mail inbox for messages. If you are having trouble using the company's
e-mail system, please __ read the directions in the employee manual.
08 (A) careful ly (C) mildly
(B) easily (D) softly

Answers: p. 385

0 1 budget [bAd3it] beneficial [benafiJal] 07 annou ncement [anaunsmant]

reduce [ridju:s] community [kamju:nati] 08 i n box [inboks]
02 accommodate [ak6madeit] 06 manual [mrenjual] have trouble + V-ing
05 mainta i n [meintein] operate [6pareit] d i rection [direkJan]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readinq - 373

 • •'
f I � -'..• - • I

Doub le:·P assage·s : Forni s. ,

I
'
• ••
• •

- -·-•' .::... ' ' .. i. • - . .• . ' .. •

.. In Part 7, double reading passages may be related to a certain type of forms. Forms may be
in the form of a questionnai re, a table, a sched u le, a chart, an invoice, etc, The first passage
is a form . The second passage is an e-mail or a memo in which the information is related to
.. the first form.

Double reading passages related to forms are generally about a quality guarantee and a refund
claim letter ; a survey questionnaire and a reply letter; a price list and an e-mail about it; an invoice
and an e-mail asking for an exchange, etc .

Example:
t a :-i-ara< 4-;..i-o:,: ;� ol.,t❖.J. 't>;<> ••� ••l•❖·Ml''lo' ! 4-'..+.oolc, :
"'-'-!�1
� Passage 1 : A questionnaire asking a bo ut c usto mers' opinions on the hotel service (In- f
Questionnai re el ud i n g a comment from the g u est sayi n g that the room service was not
done at the expected ti me.)
An e-mail fro m the hotel manager who offers a n apol ogy to the custo mer
for the inconvenience a n d promises that the staff who made the customer
dissatisfied will correct their m i sta kes

Question: What kind of dissatisfaction does the hote l manager convey to his staff?
Answer: The room service was not done at the expected ti me.

Step 1 : Identify key word(s) in the question

Read the question and identify the key word(s) . Decide whether it is an information ques­
tion or an inference question.

Step 2: Find h i nts fo r the answer

Identify either of the passages in which the information related to the key word (s) is pres­
ent. Locate the key word(s) . then find hints to help choose the answer. H ints for the
answer can also be found in the other passage.

Step 3: Genera l ize hints from the two passages and choose the correct answer
Combine hints from the fi rst and the second passage, then choose the correct answer
from given choices . Answer cho ices may be paraphrased from the two reading passages .

3 7 4 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n han triviet.com

 The q uestion below refers to the fol l owing table and e-ma i l .

Employee's n a m e Extension n u m ber

David 200 - 1 09
Peter 200 - 1 1 4
Maria 300 - 1 1 7 -------------- step 2: Fi nd the
second h i nt
Brad 300 -1 1 0

Extension nu mber 200 means the office is on the second floor, 300
means the office is on the third floor.

Dear H uman Resou rces Manager,

I am writing this e-mail just to inform you that I have been transferred
recently. While Maria is taking her three months' leave , I am taking her Step 2: Find the
office as wel l as her extension number. However , because other col­ fi rst h i nt
leagues and customers have not been i nformed of this change, eve ry
day, I am receivi ng more than 1 5 phone calls asking for speaking to
Maria; this has g reatly affected my work. I would be very grateful if you
coul d provide me with a new extension number.

Regards ,

---- Step 1 : Identify the

Question : ----
What isQ\dany's cu rrent extension n u m ber? key word(s)
� Key word

------------------
(A) 300- 117 (B) 200- 109 Step·3: General ize the two h i nts
to help choose the answer
Analyzi ng:
Step 1 : Read the question and identi fy the key word Ada m. As the question asks for Adam 's current exten­
sion number, it is clear that this is an information question .
Step 2: Find the first hint in the e-mail indicating the key word Adam in the question. Ada m is the e-mail
sender and the e-mail says , While Maria is taking her three months ' leave, I am taking her office
as well as her extension number; therefore, it can be inferred from the first hint that Adam is using
Maria's extension number. The e-mail does not state the extension number, so there is not enough
evidence to choose the correct answer. Consequently, the second hint can be found in the table.
According to the table, 300- 1 1 7 is Maria's extension number.
Step 3: When we combine the first hint that Adam is using Maria's extension number with the second hint
that Maria's extension number is 300- 1 1 7, it can be concluded that Adam is now using the extension
number 300- 1 1 7 . Therefore , choice (A) 300- 1 1 7 is the correct answer.

www.nha ntriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Reading - 37 5

 Practice pa ra p h rasing the fol lowing sentences by choosi ng the
correct option.

01 Applicants must have special knowledge of the word processing program.

in word processing software is required.
(A) I nterest (B) Expertise

02 Please phone ahead in ·order to book an appointment.

= To a date and time, you should call i n advance.
(A) schedule ( B) check

03 Unauthorized vehicles will be towed at the owner's expense.

(A) One needs to pay a fee when parking.
(B) One needs to get permission to park a car.

04 Please put lab coats in the box marked " Protective Clothing " when you leave the lab.
(A) Workers a re asked to put protective clothing in the designated box.
(B) Al l la b cloth ing must be ma rked as protective i n order to be worn in the lab.

01 knowledge [n6lid3] 04 mark [ma:rk)

expertise [eksparti:z] protective [pratektiv]
03 unauthorized [.l..n5 :8araizd] desig nated [dezigneitid)
tow [tou]
at one's expense
permission [parmifan]

376 - Hackers TOEIC Start Reading www.n hantriviet.com

 Questio n s refers to the fol l owing sched u l e and e-ma i l .

Fl ight Information fo r Apri l 25

Sched u led Ti me
Fro m To Airl i n e
Depa rtu re Arriva l

06:20 08:30 London Berl i n Majesty Air, MA3829

1 2:20 1 4:30 London Berl i n Majesty Air, MA3835
1 4:00 1 6: 1 0 London Cologne Deutche Air, DA3825
1 6:35 1 8:45 London Cologne Deutche Air, DA3836

Dear M r. Watson,

I fou n d a few flight possibilities for the conference i n Berl i n . You suggested we fly to Co­
logne because it is c h ea per. But then we wou l d have to take a tra i n to Berl in, which wou l d
take more ti me. Also, leaving i n t h e morning m ight be better because w e wou l d have
some free time to take a city tou r before the conference sta rts. Have a look at the flights
and let me know what you think.

Regards,
Anton Steele

05 Which flight would Anton most likely prefer?

(A) MA3829
(B) MA3835
(C) DA3836

05 flight [flait) possibil ity [posabilati) take time

sched uled [sked3u:ld) conference [k6nfarans) take a tou r
depa rture [dip6:rtJar] suggest [sagd3est) have time to
a rriva l [araival) chea p [tji:p) have a look at
a i rline [earlain) take a tra i n prefer [prifa:r]

www.nhantriviet.com Hackers TOEIC Start Readino - 37i

 I
....._ ,;1 �1� .J-:. _ : ... . J .._?---1 - • �- :...J.:.e.--�____,l i___ • •' • ...1 _,___,. .·
• .. ._. ,,. ,k ...._ - .1! .- �-

�- From: Donna Marti n

~
■]

To: Christine Ga rcia

Re: Pla nting the Nation

Dear Ch risti ne:

Welcome to the neighborhood ! I had a great ti me at your house-warm i ng party yester-
day. Here is some i nformation about the ga rden i ng book I mentioned. I bought both vol-
u mes of Planting the Nation at the same time last spri ng, from Maro n Publ ications. As I
turned the pages, I was i m p ressed by the books' content. The set has thousa nds of plant
listi ngs a s wel l as maps of the nation's c l imate zones and soil types. S i n ce you a re n ew to
the Auckland a rea, these maps wi l l be usefu l for you i n selecti ng pla nts. The g u i d e to plant
diseases is a lso very usefu l. I can honestly say that this set is qu ite com prehensive a n d

•
covers nea rly everythi ng you need t o know to ta ke ca re o f your n ew ga rden .
¢i i 1¢

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06 What is the price for a copy of a previous 09 What is implied about M s. Garcia in the
issue of New Zealand Garden History ? e-mail?
(A) $3 . 00 (A) She is not fa m ilia r with Auckland's
(B) $ 5 . 50 weather.
(C) $ 1 1 . 00 (B) She does not have ga rden i ng
(D) $65 . 00 experience.
(C) She prefers l a rge- page publ ications.
0 7 Why did M s . M arti n write the e-mail? (D) She wants to open a flower store i n the
(A) To order extra copies of a ga rden i ng future .
book
(B) To research a ga rdening book 1 O What is NOT covered i n Planting the
(C) To recommend a publication to her Nation ?
neighbor (A) Climate information
(D) To exp ress thanks for a n i nvitation to (B) Hand l i ng plant d i seases
a party (C) A descri ption of soi l
( D) A resou rce d i rectory
08 How much did M s . Martin pay for the
shipping of her order?
(A) $3 . 50
(B) $ 7 . 00
(C) $8.60
(D) $ 10 . 00

Answers: p. 385

06 publ ication [p,\.blakeiJan] cli mate [klaimit) express [ikspres]

10 encycloped ia [insaiklapi:dia) zone [zoun) be familiar with
back issue soil [soil] description [diskripJan]
volume [v6 lju:m] disease [dizf:zJ resource [rf:so:rs]
postage [p6ustid3] comprehensive [kamprihensiv] d i rectory [direktari)
impress [impres] cover [k,( var]
content [k6ntent] recommend [rekamend]

www n h ;:m triviPt rom

Irregu lar Verbs
I nfin itive Past tense Past participle
become became become
begin bega n begun
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built bu i lt
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
cost cost cost
deal dea lt dealt
drink drank drunk
eat ate eaten
fa ll fe l l fa l len
feel felt felt
find fou nd found
fly flew flown
forbid forbad (e) forbidden
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
give gave give n
g row grew grown
hea r heard heard
hide hid hidden
hold held held
keep ke pt kept
know knew known
lead led led
leave left left
lose lost lost
read read read
ride rode ridden
rise rose risen
seek sought sought
sell so ld sold
send sent sent
sit sat sat
speak spoke spoken
s pend spe nt spent
sta nd stood stood
tel l told told
throw threw thrown
understa nd understood understood
wear wore worn
win won won
withd raw withd rew withdrawn
write wrote written

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 Answers Week 1

Day 1 Week 1 Day 3 Week 1

[Basic Grammar] Subject and Verb [ Part of Speech ] Nouns

01 Subject 01 Positions of Nouns
01 Registration 02 cost 03 To write 04 Eating 01 security 02 growth 03 profits 04 advantage
05 strategy 06 satisfaction 07 (C) 08 (D) 09 (A) 1 O (C) 05 application 06 criticism 07 (B) 08 (A) 09 (D) 1 O (A)

02 Verb 02 Countable Nouns and Uncountable Nouns

07 require 02 should organize 03 purchased 0 1 access 02 furniture 03 advice 04 a month
04 can help 05 (A) 06 (C) 07 (D) 08 (B) 05 luggage 06 an agreement 07 (D) 08 (A) 09 (B)
1 0 (D)
Prepositional Phrases
03 Nu meric Expressions before Nouns
01 in 02 of 03 at 04 charge 05 (B) 06 (B) 07 (C) 08 (Bl
0 1 candidates 02 Several 03 Some 04 m uc h 05 (A)
06 (C) 07 (A) 08 (B)
Overview I Gist Questions
0 1 (A) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (B) 06 (B) 07 (A) 08 (B)
Verb Phrases (2)
09 (Bl 1 0 (C) 1 1 (B)
0 1 of 02 to 03 inform 04 provides 05 (A) 06 (A)
07 (D) 08 (A)

Day 2 Week 1
NOT /TRU E Questions
[Basic Grammar] Object, Complement, and Modifier
01 (A) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (B) 06 (A) 07 (A) 08 (A)
01 Object 09 (Cl 10 (Bl 1 1 (C) 12 (D)
01 problem 02 agreement 03 to shop 04 resignation
05 launching 06 delivery 07 (B) 08 (D) 09 (A) 10 (A)
Day 4 W e e k 1
02 Complement
[ Part of Speech] Pronouns
o 1 spacious 02 popular 03 transferable 04 applicant
05 advisable 06 manager 07 (D) 08 (C) 09 (C) 10 (A) 01 Personal Pronouns, Possessive Pronouns, and
Reflexive Pronouns
03 Modifier 0 1 They 02 his 03 ours 04 us 05 themselves 06 their
o 1 Despite the bad weather 02 without the approval of 07 (B) 08 (D) 09 (A) 10 ( D)
the owner 03 Because of a technical problem 04 who
02 Demonstrative Pronouns
was involved in stealing funds 05 seeking refunds 06 to
analyze the impact of higher interest rates 07 (B) 08 (A) O 1 Those 02 this 03 that 04 That 05 those 06 These
07 (A) 08 (D) 09 (C) 10 (B)
Verb Phrases ( 1 )
03 Indefinite Pronouns
0 1 to 02 i n 03 to 04 to 05 (B) 06 (A) 07 (A) 08 (B)
0 1 the others 02 the others 03 some 04 another
05 the others 06 others 07 (B) 08 (C) 09 (D) 10 (C)
Information Questions
01 (B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 ( B) 06 (A) 07 (A) 08 (A) 04 Ag reement betwee n Pronouns and Nouns
09 (C) 10 (A) 1 1 (B) 12 (D)
0 1 She 02 They 03 she 04 They 05 (B) 06 (D) 07 (A)
08 (B)

Noun Phrases
01 productivity 02 al lowance 03 technology
04 surveys 05 (D) 06 (A) 07 (A) 08 (C)

I nference Questions
01 (A) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (8) 05 (A) 06 (B) 07 (A) 08 (A)
09 (C) 1 0 (A) 1 1 (C) 1 2 (D)

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 Answers Week 1

Day 5 Week 1 Day 2 Week 2

[Part of Speech ] Adjectives and Adverbs [ Part of Speech] Conj unctions

0 l Adjectives 01 Coordi nati ng Conjunctions and Correlative

Conju nctions
1 constructive 02 Successful rJ3 quick 04 specific

ca (Bl
Q:, ideal OF sure 07 (D) Ob (D) 09 (C) 1 0 (A) 0 1 or l 2 both 03 but 04 but 0" yet J nor 0 I (B)
09 (A) 10 (C)
02 Adverbs
02 Subordi nati n g Conjunctions
01 usually 02 finally 03 m istakenly 01 relatively
J5 correctly Vb reg ularly 7 (D) 08 (A) 0\1 (D) 0 (B) o because 02 Although 03 which 0,1 Wheth er 5 ( D)
06 (B) 07 (C) 08 (B)
03 Confusing Adjectives and Adverbs
closely J, reliable 1., Nearly 0 responsible 5 (B) Verbs (2)
06 (A) 07 (B) 08 (C)
0 1 presented 02 last 0·1 expect Qi., accommodate
05 (A) 06 (B) 07 (D) 08 (A)
Col locations

generate 02 Prospective 03 highly 04 extended Advertisements

05 (C) 06 (Bl 07 (A) 08 (C)
0 1 (B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (B) 05 ( B) 06 (A) 07 (A) 08 (A)
09 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12 (A)
Synonym Questions

01 (B) 02 (A) 03 (A) 04 (B) 05 (A) 06 (B) 07 (A) 08 (A)

09 ( B) 10 (C) 1 1 (B) 12 (D)
Day 3 Week 2
[Part of Speech] Verbs
Day 1 Week 2 01 Verb Forms

[ Part of Speech ] Prepositions � pay 0 provided o· asking 04 a nnounced

05 predict 06 atten d 07 (B) 08 (D) 0!'.! (C) 10 (B)
0 l Positions of Prepositions
0 pressure 02 regulations 03 suggestion 02 Intransitive Verbs and Transitive Verbs
04 carelessness 05 pleasure 06 order 7 (C) (D)
1 care for 02 objected 03 approach O accompany
09 (A) 10 (B)
Oh (C) 06 (D) 07 (C) 08 (A)
02 Prepositions of TI me

0 on 2 for ,� by 04 at 5 on ,6 in 07 (C) o (B)

Verbs (3)
09 (B) 10 (D) 0 1 represent 02 avoid 0 3 anticipates Q 1t obtain Q :, ( B )
0 6 (A) 0 7 (C) 0 8 (B)
03 Prepositions of Place

0 on 02 at 03 i n 04 in 05 at 06 between 07 (C) q (B) Notices / Annou ncements

01 (A) 02 (B) 03 (A) 04 (A) 05 (B) 06 (A) 07 (B) 08 (A)

09 (A) 10 (D)

09 (A) 10 (C) 1 1 (C) 12 (D)

04 Prepositions of Direction

0 1 along 0 out of 03 across 04 through 05 (A) 0ti (C)

07 (D) Of! (C)

Verbs ( 1 )

0 1 reviewed 02 developed o::i appoi nts U4 h i re (D)

If (B) 0'1 (C) 08 (D)

Letters and E-mails

01 ( B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (A) 06 (A) 07 (B) 08 (A)

09 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12 (A) _

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 Answers Week 2

Day 4 Week 2 Memorandums

0 1 (B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (A) 06 (B) 07 (B) 08 (A)
[Verb] Subject-Verb Agreement
09 (B) 1 0 (C) 1 1 (D) 1 2 (C) ,
01 Subject-Verb Agreement - Singular Subject and
Singular Verb
0 is O:? has 03 is 04 contains 05 was 06 wants 07 (B) Day 1 Week 3
08 (D) 09 (A) 1 0 (A)
[Verb) Active Voice and Passive Voice

02 Subject-Verb Agreement - Plural Subject and 0 1 Active Voice and Passive Voice
Plural Verb O , be serviced '12 convey 03 paid 04 argue
01 have 02 i nstruct 03 were 04 plan 05 provide 06 are O were required 06 be changed 07 (C) 06 (C) OJ (B)
07 (C) 08 (D) 09 (B) 1 0 (A) 10 (B)

03 Subject-Verb Agreement - Special Cases 02 Common Collocations

0 1 are 02 refuse 03 has 04 know 05 (C) 06 (D) 07 (A) 0 1 to 02 in 03 with 04 pleased 05 (A) 06 (C) 07 (D)
08 (B) 08 (A)

Verbs (4) Nouns ( 1 )

O affect 02 decrease 03 changed 04 indicate 05 (D) 0 1 exception 0 2 feedback 03 complaint

06 (B) 07 (C) 08 (C) o, representatives 05 (A) 06 (A) 07 (C) Ol. (B)

Articles / Reviews Information

0 1 (B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (A) 06 (B) 07 (B) 08 (A) 01 ( B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (A) 06 ( B) 07 (B) 08 (A)
09 (B) 10 (C) 1 1 (D) 12 (C) 09 ( C) I 1 0, (B),_ J 1, ( C ) 1_2 (C) is --'" cL d 1.._ L, .. _._ .:_: :

Day 5 Week 2 Day 2 Week 3

[Verb) Tenses [Verb) Conditionals

01 Present Simple, Past Simple, and Future Simple 0 1 Past Conditional

0 1 finished 02 announce 03 will convene 04 went 01 could reduce 02 would be 03 Were

05 will leave 06 met 07 (A) 08 (C) 09 (C) 1 o (B) 04 would continue O!> Were 06 might complete 07 (B)
08. (C) 09 (D) 10 ( A)
02 Present Progressive, Past Progressive, and Future
Progressive 02 Past Perfect Conditional

01 is preparing 02 was attending 03 will be attending 01 would have gotten 02 Had 03 had paid
04 was working 05 is returning 06 wil l be making 04 would have gone 05 would have increased
07 (D) 08 (D) 09 (C) 10 (C) 06 would have become 07 (D) 08 (A) o. (C) 1 , (D)

03 Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect 03 Future Conditional

01 will have appointed 02 had already gone 0 1 will restructure 02 may buy 03 Should 04 can offer
il3 has increased 04 has fallen O:i (B) 06 ( D) 07 (D) 05 (D) 06 (C) 07 (A) 08 (D)
08 (C)
Nouns (2)
Verbs ( 5 ) 01 results 02 proportion 03 methods 04 incentives
0 i handled 02 attract 0 3 hesitate 04 utilized 05 (D) 05 (D) 06 (A) 07 (C) 08 (A)
06 (C) 07 (D) 08 (C)
Invitations
0 1 ( B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (B) 06 (A) 07 (A) OB (A)
09 (C) 10 (A) 1 1 (D) 12 (B)

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 Answers Week 3

Day 3 Week 3 Day 5 Week 3

[Verbal Phrase] To-i nfinitives [Verbal Phrase] Participles

0 1 Positions of To-infinitives 01 Positions and Functions of Participles

01 to gain 02 to attract 03 to forget 04 to inquire 01 located 02 leading 03 decreased 04 trying

05 to prepare Oo to enhance 07 (B) 08 (C) 09 (Al 10 (D)' 05 motivated 06 inquiring 07 (A) 08 (C) 09 ( B) 10 (C)

02 Functions of To-infinitives 02 Participle Phrases

01 to invest 02 To update 03 to donate 04 to make 01 filling 02 Getting 03 faced 04 Damaged 05 Taking

05 To protect 06 to reschedule 07 (A) 08 (D) 09 (D) 06 directed 07 (Al 08 (C) 09 (C) 10 (B)
1 0 (8)
03 Present Participles and Past Participles
03 Verbs Followed by a To-infinitive 01 examined 02 bought 03 agreeing 04 leaving 05 (Cl
0 1 to set 02 to move 03 to relocate 04 to lower 05 (D) 06 (B) 07 (A) 08 ( B)
06 (Bl 07 (C) 08 (A)

Nouns ( 3 )
Adjectives ( 1 )
01 differing 02 promising 03 insecure 04 defective
0 1 expertise 02 stability 03 indicator 0 4 duration 05 (B) 05 (D) 06 (Dl 07 (B) 08 (C)
06 (Al 07 (Dl 08 (B)

Surveys
I nvoices
01 (A) 02 (A) 03 (8) 04 (A) 05 (A) 06 (B) 07 (A) 08 ( B)
01 (B) 02 (A) 03 (A) 04 (Al 05 ( B) 06 (A) 07 (A) 08 (B) 09 (B) 10 (A) 1 1 (C) 1 2 (Bl
' 09 (C) 10 (Al 1 1 (D) 1 2 (C)

Day 1 Week 4
Day 4 Week 3
[Clause] Noun Clauses
[Verbal Phrase] Gerunds
0 1 Positions of Noun Clauses
01 Positions and Functions of Gerunds
01 That 02 that 03 who 04 Why 05 what 06 that
0 1 producing 02 sleeping 03 confirming 04 Reading 07 (Dl 08 (Bl 09 ( B) 1 O (Dl
05 developing 06 joining 07 (Dl 08 (Al 09 (C) 1 O (A)
02 Noun Clause Conjunctions
02 Verbs Followed by a Gerund
0 1 That 02 whether 03 that 04 when 05 (Al 06 (B)
0 1 taking 02 receiving 03 to stop 04 reviewing 07 (D) 08 (B)
05 exposing 06 talking 07 (D) 08 (C) 09 (B) 10 (C)

Adjectives (2)
03 Expressions Followed by a Gerund
O I accurate 02 existing 03 rapid 04 apprehensive
01 making 02 trying 03 improving 04 advertising
05 (C) 06 (B) 07 (A) 08 (Dl
05 (A) 06 (D) 07 (C) 08 (D)

Nouns (4) Double Passages: Letters / E-mai ls

0 1 (A) 02 (A) 03 ( Bl 04 (A) 05 (B) 06 (C) 07 (C) 08 (B)
01 opportunity 02 summary 03 popularity 04 position
09 (D) 10 (D)
05 (B) 06 (D) 07 (B) 08 (A)

Schedules
01 ( B) 02 (A) 03 (A) 04 (B) 05 (B) 06 (A) 07 (A) 08 (B)
09 (B) 10 (C) 1 1 (C) 12 (A)

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 Answers Week 4

Day 2 Week 4 Day 4 Week 4

[Clause) Adverb Clauses [Special Structure] Comparisons
01 Positions of Adve rb Clauses 01 Comparatives
0 1 If 02 before 03 Although 04 if 05 during 06 because 01 less 02 much 03 faster 04 safer 1 5 more
07 (A) 08 (C) 09 (B) 10 (B) 06 more skillfully 07 (A) 08 (A) 09 (Bl 10 (C)

02 Adverb Clause Conjunctions 02 S uperlatives

0 1 if 02 even if 03 because 04 Before 05 (C) 06 (D) 0" finest 02 second 0" most 0,1 widest c5 (B) ( C)
07 (B) 08 (D) 07 (A) 08 (D)

Adjectives (3 ) Adverbs (2)

0 considerable 02 recent 03 improper 04 pleasant 01 temporarily 02 widely 03 frequently l• 1 currently
O:i (D) 06 (D) 07 (A) 08 (D) 05 (B) :JG (C) 07 (D) 08 (C)

Double Passages: Announcements Double Passages: Articles

01 (A) 02 (B) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (C) 06 (A) 07 ( D) 08 (D) 01 (B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (C) 06 (B) 07 (D) 08 (C)
09 (C) 1 0 (B) 09 (B) 10 (B) 1

Day 3 Week 4 Day 5 Wee k 4

[Clause) Adjective Clauses [Special Structure] Parallelism and I nversion
01 Positions of Adjective Clauses 01 Parallelism
01 which 02 that 03 who 04 that 05 who 06 that 0 1 distribute 02 satisfaction 03 knowledge 04 hiring
07 (A) Ob (D) 09 (B) 1 0 (C) 05 to simplify 06 accurate 07 (C) 08 (Bl 09 (B) O (A)

02 Relative Pronouns 02 Inversion

0 1 which 02 whose 03 which 04 whose 05 (D) 06 (A) 01 Rarely 02 have 03 predict 04 has 05 (B) Ob (D)
07 (A) 08 (D) 07 (C) 08 (B)

Adverbs ( 1 ) Adverbs (3)

01 markedly 02 cooperatively 03 repeatedly 0 1 significantly 02 late 03 dramatically 0 .. reasonably
4 voluntarily 06 (D) 06 (C) 07 (B) 08 (C) 05 (B) 06 (Bl 07 (C) 08 (A)

Double Passages: Advertisements Double Passages: Forms

01 (B) 02 (A) 03 (A) 04 (B) 05 (A) 06 (C) 07 (D) 08 (B) 01 (B) 02 (A) 03 (B) 04 (A) 05 (A) 06 (B) 07 (C) 08 (C)
09 (A) 1 0 (A) 09 (A) 1 0 (D) ,

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