HygroLab

Bench Top Humidity Temperature Indicator

Instruction Manual

V2.0
 -2–
______________________________________________________________________

Contents

Overview.......................................................................................................................................... 3
General Description ......................................................................................................................... 4
Power Requirements ................................................................................................................... 4
Probes and Probe Inputs ............................................................................................................. 4
Analog Outputs (optional) ............................................................................................................ 6
RS232 Digital Port (HygroLab 2 and 3) ....................................................................................... 6
RS485 Networking (HygroLab 2 and 3) ...................................................................................... 7
Unit System ................................................................................................................................. 7
Display ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Keypad......................................................................................................................................... 8
Operation ......................................................................................................................................... 9
Probe Input Selection .................................................................................................................. 9
Functions ......................................................................................................................................... 9
CALCULATE (HygroLab 2 and 3) ............................................................................................. 10
MODE (HygroLab 3) .................................................................................................................. 10
DISPLAY (HygroLab 2 and 3) ................................................................................................... 11
ADJUST M.PT (full calibration against a reference environment)............................................. 11
ADJUST 1PT (1-point adjustment against a reference environment) ....................................... 13
ADJUST REF (1-point adjustment against a reference probe) ................................................. 14
PROBE ...................................................................................................................................... 14
SETTINGS................................................................................................................................. 15
SYS STATUS ............................................................................................................................ 15
Errors and Status Messages ......................................................................................................... 16
Connectors .................................................................................................................................... 16
Internal Service Connector (HygroLab 1) .................................................................................. 16
Optional Analog Output Connector (HygroLab 2) ..................................................................... 17
RS232 / RS485 (HygroLab 2 and 3) ......................................................................................... 17
Environmental Limits ..................................................................................................................... 18
Maintenance .................................................................................................................................. 18
Specifications................................................................................................................................. 19
Appendix 1: Practical Advice for Measuring Humidity................................................................... 20
Appendix 2: Maintenance of the ROTRONIC probes.................................................................... 20
Cleaning or Replacing the Dust Filter of the Probe ................................................................... 20
Periodic Calibration Check of the Probes.................................................................................. 21
Appendix 3: Calibration Basics...................................................................................................... 21
Temperature Calibration............................................................................................................ 21
Humidity Calibration .................................................................................................................. 22
Appendix 4: Humidity Definitions................................................................................................... 23
Appendix 5: Dew Point Accuracy .................................................................................................. 26
Appendix 6: RS232 Communication Protocol ............................................................................... 27
Appendix 7: Water Activity Measurement ..................................................................................... 31
Using the HygroLab to Measure Water Activity......................................................................... 31
General Recommendations....................................................................................................... 33
HygroLab 3: Water Activity Functions ...................................................................................... 34
Using the Standard Aw Mode (E Mode) .................................................................................... 35
Using the AwQuick Mode (Q Mode) .......................................................................................... 37
Water Activity: definition and applications ................................................................................. 39
Appendix 8: Accessories for the HygroLab ................................................................................... 42

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 -3–
______________________________________________________________________

Note: functions such as instrument configuration with a PC as well as the calibration of

HygroClip probes with a PC require the optional HW3 software. Instructions for using the
HW3 software are not included in this manual. These instructions are shipped separately
on the same CD ROM as the HW3 software.

Overview
The HygroLab is a bench-top laboratory humidity temperature indicator that can be used with a
wide variety of probes to meet specific application requirements. The HygroLab operates with an
external 9V AC adapter.

The HygroLab is available in 3 different models:

HygroLab 1: basic indicator

1)
- accepts up to 2 probes: ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probes or analog probes
- simultaneous display of relative humidity and temperature (one probe at a time)
2)
- software-based probe calibration (1-point or multi-point)

1) ROTRONIC analog probes only – restrictions apply

2) applies only to the ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probes

HygroLab 2: standard indicator

1)
- accepts up to 4 probes: ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probes or analog probes
2)
- relative humidity, temperature, dew point, wet bulb, mixing ratio, enthalpy, etc
3)
- software-based probe calibration (1-point or multi-point)
- possibility of using one of the four probes as a reference to do a 1-point adjustment of the
3)
other probes
4)
- RS232 and RS485 digital ports
- optional analog outputs (repeat analog probe input signals)

1) third-party pressure probe or ROTRONIC analog probe – restrictions apply

2) uses either a fixed barometric pressure value or the measurements from an analog pressure probe
for those parameters that require pressure as a computational input. The fixed pressure value can
be changed with the optional HW3 software.
3) applies only to the ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probes
4) the computed parameter (dew point or other) is not sent to these ports. Use of the HW3 software
on a PC allows real time computation of the dew point (or other) and facilitates both networking and
instrument configuration

HygroLab 3: water activity indicator for the high productivity laboratory

Same as HygroLab 2, except for:

- accelerated water activity measurement with up to 4 probes (AwQuick mode): allows the
measurement of most products in typically 5 minutes
- full equilibration measurement with up to 4 probes (Standard mode) with automatic
detection of equilibrium conditions
- analog probe inputs with 12-bit resolution

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 -4–
______________________________________________________________________

HygroLab 1 HygroLab 2 and 3

General Description
Power Requirements

The HygroLab operates with an external AC adapter providing 9 to15 VDC ,100 mA. The power
receptacle is a 3.5 mm Jack female with DC+ center.

Probes and Probe Inputs

Model HygroLab 1 HygroLab 2 HygroLab 3

Number of probe inputs 2 4 4
1)
Probe types ROTRONIC Digital ROTRONIC Digital ROTRONIC Digital
ROTRONIC Analog ROTRONIC Analog ROTRONIC Analog
Third Party Analog Third Party Analog
Number of digital input channels 2 4 4
Number of analog input channels 4 8 8
Analog input A/D resolution 10-bit 10-bit 12-bit

1) Unless otherwise specified when ordering, all probe inputs are factory programmed to accept a HygroClip
digital probe. Prior to using any analog probe, the corresponding probe input should be re-programmed.
With the HygroLab 2 and 3, this can be done with the HW3 software after connecting the RS232 port of the
HygroLab to a PC (see separate HW3 manual).

HygroClip Digital Probes

The HygroLab is primarily designed for use with the ROTRONIC HygroClip digital humidity
temperature probes. These probes permit to take full advantage of all the features and functions
of the HygroLab.

The ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probes are highly accurate and are calibrated entirely by
means of software (no adjustment potentiometers). Because calibration and other data are stored
in the probe non-volatile memory, the probes are fully interchangeable. When a probe requires
calibration or has to be repaired, it can be replaced with another probe in a few seconds.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 -5–
______________________________________________________________________

The ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probes are available in different configurations so as to meet
the requirements of each application:

HygroClip S
measurement in air
max. 85°C (185°F)

HygroClip SP05
measurement in air ducts
max. 85°C (185°F)

HygroClip SC05
measurement in tight spaces
max. 100°C (212°F)

HygroClip HK25 / HK40 air probe

measurement at high temperature
HK25: max. 100°C (212°F)
HK40: max. 200°C (392°F)
wire mesh filter

HygroClip HP28 insertion probe

measurement of materials in bulk
max. 85°C (185°F)

HygroClip HS28 sword probe

measurement of paper stacks/rolls
max. 85°C (185°F)

Note: all of the above probes are designed for use with the HygroPalm indicator and have a
DAT05 connector. An adapter cable MOK-01-B5 is required for connection to the HygroLab (see
Appendix 8: Accessories). Similarly, the HygroClip probes designed for use with the HygroFlex
transmitter have a T7 connector (not shown here). These probes can be connected to the
HygroLab with the T7-03-B5 adapter cable.

AwVC-DIO water activity probe

Direct connection to the HygroLab

(probe has a B5 connector)

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 -6–
______________________________________________________________________

Analog Probes

The HygroLab can be used with one or more analog probes. The corresponding probe input(s) as
well as the scale and unit of the analog input signal(s) should be programmed with the HW3 software prior
to using the probe(s). For example, an analog pressure probe may used to provide the local value
of barometric pressure for the computation of parameters such as the wet bulb temperature,
mixing ratio or enthalpy.

Use of analog probes is subject to the following restrictions and limitations:

a. ROTRONIC analog humidity-temperature probes with the standard temperature output signal
of – 0.5…2.0 V = -50…200°C: because the HygroLab cannot read a negative voltage signal,
temperature measurement is generally limited to values above freezing.

b. Third-party analog probes: single channel probes (one signal), output signal within the range
of 0 to 2.5 VDC, supply voltage: 9 VDC or less, maximum current consumption: 10 mA.
1)
c. Resolution is limited by the 10-bit A/D converter used for the analog inputs. This converter
provides a theoretical maximum of 1024 counts for an input voltage span of 2.5 VDC. In
theory, this gives a resolution of 2.5 / 1024 = 0.00244 V. In practice, it is not possible to get
100% of the counts from an A/D converter and the actual resolution should be about 0.0027 V
(typical). For example, if a probe with a temperature signal of 0..1 V = 0…100°C is being
used, the signal resolution will be about 100 x 1 x 0.0027 = 0.27°C.

1) HygroLab 3: 12-bit A/D converter

Analog Outputs (optional)

Analog outputs are optional on the HygroLab 2 and 3. These outputs simply repeat the analog
inputs (if any analog probe is being used). See Connectors – Analog Outputs for details.

RS232 Digital Port (HygroLab 2 and 3)

The RS232 port can be connected to the COM port of a PC. In principle, any communication
software can be used to interrogate and read the HygroLab with the commands described in
appendix 6 (RS232 communication protocol). It is important to note that the computed parameter
(dew point or other) is not part of the digital communication. Use of the HW3 software (optional)
allows real time computation of the dew point (or other) by the PC while providing additional
functionality such as:

- RS485 networking (up to 32 units)

- full access to instrument configuration (unit system, etc.)
- calibration of the ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probes independently of the HygroLab
(requires the MOK-02-WIN calibration cable to connect the probe to a PC)
- data logging to a PC disk file
- graphic functions (both on and off-line)

For more details see separate instruction manual provided with the HW3 software.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 -7–
______________________________________________________________________

RS485 Networking (HygroLab 2 and 3)

The optional HW3 software offers a simple means of quickly establishing a PC based network.

Up to 32 HygroLab indicators and/or HygroFlex transmitters can be connected together on a

network. Any instrument can be used either as a slave or a master, without special configuration.
Each unit must be given a unique network address with the HW3 software (0 to 31). The master
is automatically the unit that is connected to the COM port of the PC by means of the RS232 port.
See Connectors – RS232 / RS485 for details.

RS232: 3 wires (including ground wire)

RS485: 2 wires

PC RS232 RS232 RS232

(HW3)
Unit 0 Unit 1 Unit 31

COM Port RS485 RS485 RS485

RS232 up to 150m (490 ft) RS485 up to 1000m (3300 ft)

Unit System

The unit system can easily be set to Metric or English from the keypad (see Functions, Settings).
The unit system can also be changed from a PC with the optional HW3 software installed. In that
case, connect the HygroLab to a free COM port of the PC using either the internal service
connector (all models) or the RS232 port (HygroLab 2 and 3)

Note: the HygroLab can be configured to display water activity instead of relative humidity:
(instrument configuration with the HW3 software) :

1.000 Aw = 100.0 %RH

Changing the factory configuration for humidity requires the optional HW3 software installed on a
PC and the appropriate connecting cable: cable AC1623 for all models (see Accessories) or
cable type RS232 9pol ST-BU for the HygroLab 2 and 3 (see Connectors for part number).

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 -8–
______________________________________________________________________

Display

The LC display shows which probe input is being displayed (small indicator on top of the display)
and up to 2 parameters measured by the probe, with the associated engineering unit. When
relevant, the message line provides additional information.

Probe Input Humidity and Temperature

(1-4) from left to right Calculated Value and Temperature
Calculated Value and Humidity

Parameter Engineering
Trend indicator Units

Message Line

Keypad
ON/OFF: turns the
instrument on or off

ENTER: when the menu is active, press

this key to confirm a selection
MENU : press this key
to activate the functions
menu. The different
menu items appear on UP / DOWN: press one of these keys to change the
the LCD message line. probe input that is being displayed. When the menu is
Press this key again to active, use these keys to navigate the menu, make a
exit the menu selection or to change a number

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 -9–
______________________________________________________________________

Operation
1)
Connect the AC adapter to the Power connector of the HygroLab and connect a probe . Press
on the ON/OFF key. After a brief test and introductory message, the measurements appear on
the LC display. Measurements are updated to the display at the rate of 0.75 sec. x number of
digital probes (HygroClip) connected to the HygroLab.

1) Unless otherwise specified when ordering, all probe inputs are factory programmed to accept a
HygroClip digital probe. Prior to using any analog probe, the corresponding probe input should be re-
programmed. This can be done with the HW3 software after connecting the RS232 port of the HygroLab to a
PC (see separate HW3 manual).

HygroLab 1 HygroLab 2 and 3

Probe Input Selection

The display can be switched between probes with the UP or the DOWN key. The selection is
confirmed on the message line of LC display as well as by an indicator located at the top of the
display.

Functions
To access the function menu, press the MENU key. The first menu item appears on the message
line of the LC display. Use the UP or the DOWN key to navigate the menu. When the desired
menu item appears on the message line of the LC display, press the ENTER key to select. Some
menu items have sub-items. These can be selected with the UP, DOWN and ENTER keys. To
exit the menu and return to the normal display mode, press the MENU key. The instrument also
returns automatically to the normal display mode when no key is being pressed for some time
(main menu: 10 sec., submenu: 30 sec.).

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 10 –
______________________________________________________________________

CALCULATE (HygroLab 2 and 3)

Definition

This function is used to select or view the humidity parameter that is calculated by the instrument.
1)
The calculated parameter is selected individually for each probe connected to the instrument .
Prior to entering this function, select on the display the probe to programmed.

1) does not apply to third-party analog probes.

The unit system (Metric or English) can be changed with the keypad (see Functions, Settings) or
with the optional HW3 software, when the HygroLab is connected to a PC.

Selections

Parameter M E HygroLab 1 HygroLab 2 HygroLab 3

1)
Dew Point / Frost Point °C °F N/A x x
Wet Bulb Temperature °C °F N/A x x
Enthalpy J/g BTU/lb N/A X X
3
Vapor Concentration g/m gr/cuft N/A X X
Specific Humidity g/kg gr/lb N/A X X
Mixing Ratio g/kg gr/lb N/A X X
3
Vapor Concentration g/m gr/cuft N/A X X
at Saturation
Partial Pressure hPa PSI N/A X X
of Water Vapor In Hg
Saturation Pressure hPa PSI N/A X X
of Water Vapor In Hg
2)
Pressure Constant hPa PSI N/A X X
(Barometric Pressure) In Hg

1) The standard factory setting is frost point for values below freezing. This setting can be changed to dew
point with the optional HW3 software
2) This selection shows the fixed value that is used for computing the parameters that require barometric
pressure as an input. The fixed pressure value can be changed with the optional HW3 software. The
HygroLab 2 and 3 can also be programmed to accept the input from a pressure probe (variable pressure
value).

MODE (HygroLab 3)

Definition

This function is used to set the operating mode of the HygroLab 3

Selections

Standard : normal operating mode (relative humidity, temperature, dew point, etc.)
Q AwQuick : water activity measurement with the AwQuick algorithm for measurements in
typically 5 minutes.
E AwE : conventional water activity measurement with automatic detection of equilibrium
conditions.

See Appendix 7 for a detailed explanation of the Q and E modes.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 11 –
______________________________________________________________________

DISPLAY (HygroLab 2 and 3)

Definition

This function is used to select which parameters the instrument displays. The display mode is
specified globally for all probes connected to the instrument.

Selections

- Measurement

Relative humidity (in %RH or as water activity: Aw) and temperature or the parameter
measured by any third party probe connected to the instrument.

- Calculated + Temperature

Calculated parameter (as selected under CALCULATE) and temperature. This selection
is not available with third-party probes.

- Calculated + Humidity

Calculated parameter (as selected under CALCULATE) and relative humidity. This
selection is not available with third-party probes.

ADJUST M.PT (full calibration against a reference environment)

Definition

The Adjust M.PT function permits the full calibration of any ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probe
against a known reference environment. This function is designed to permit calibration at 2
temperature values and at up to 4 relative humidity values.

Selections

The Adjust M.PT function offers the following choices (use the UP and DOWN keys):
1)
RHS: Humidity calibration using the ROTRONIC Humidity Standards
Humidity: Humidity calibration using any suitable reference environment
Temperature: Temperature calibration using any suitable reference environment

1) For humidity calibration, ROTRONIC offers convenient, certified humidity standards to

generate known humidity values (for details, see Appendix 3 - Humidity Calibration).

Procedure

When more than one probe is connected to the instrument, select the probe to be calibrated prior
to entering the function (this is the same as the probe that was last displayed).

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 12 –
______________________________________________________________________

Regarding the Adjust M.PT function, it is important to observe the following rules:

a) Always calibrate temperature first (if temperature needs to be calibrated)

b) When calibrating temperature (2 points), always calibrate at the low value first. The
instrument is programmed to use the low temperature value to compute the offset and
the high temperature value to compute the gain.

T-low < 70 °C (158°F) : used to compute the calibration offset

T-high ≥ 70 °C (158 °F) : used to compute the calibration gain

For best accuracy, we recommend using a T-low value close to 20°C (68°F). Preferably,
the difference between T-high and T-low should be at least 50 °C (90 °F)

c) When calibrating relative humidity (2, 3 or 4 points) with the ROTRONIC humidity
standards, always follow the sequence 35 %RH, 80 %RH, 10 %RH or 5 %RH, 0 %RH).
When using a reference other than the ROTRONIC humidity standards, use reference
conditions that are within the following brackets and observe the sequence:
1)
>25 %RH…≤55 %RH : used to compute the calibration offset
1)
>55 %RH : used to compute the calibration gain
>1 %RH…≤25 %RH : sensor linearity adjustment
≤ 1 %RH : sensor linearity adjustment

The HygroLab is programmed to automatically recognize these brackets.

1) For best accuracy, we recommend using values close to 35 %RH and 80 %RH

When the probe is at equilibrium with the reference environment, activate the Adjust M.PT
function and make the appropriate selections:

a) RHS: press the ENTER key to select this item. The LC display shows the value read by
the probe at the time the ENTER key was pressed. The letters “RHS” are displayed on
the message line. Use the UP or the DOWN key to change the humidity value to match
the mean value (at 23°C) written on the certificate supplied with the standard. For a faster
change, keep the key pressed down. Press the ENTER key when done.

Note: in the RHS mode, the software automatically compensates for the effect of
temperature on the humidity standard. No additional correction is required.

b) Humidity or Temperature: press the ENTER key to select. The LC display shows the
value read by the probe at the time the ENTER key was pressed. The word “humidity” or
“Temperature” is shown on the message line. Use the UP or the DOWN key to change
the humidity or temperature value to match the value of the reference environment. For a
faster change, keep the key pressed down. Press the ENTER key when done.

After pressing the ENTER key, the message “sure?” should appear on the LC display. Press
ENTER to confirm. Next, the LC display will confirm that the probe adjustment has been
successfully completed. At that time, press ENTER to exit or MENU to return to the function
Adjust M.PT and do another calibration point.

Carry on in the same manner for each calibration point, following the sequence described above.

Note: you can exit the function at any time (without calibrating the probe) by pressing the MENU
key.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 13 –
______________________________________________________________________

ADJUST 1PT (1-point adjustment against a reference environment)

Definition

The Adjust 1PT function permits to do a 1-point adjustment (temperature or humidity) of any
ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probe against a known reference environment. This function is
limited to a simple offset adjustment that is applied across the entire measuring range.

Warning: a 1-point adjustment is no substitute for a full calibration (2 or more points). Doing a
1-point adjustment can improve accuracy over a narrow range of conditions and may also be
detrimental to accuracy at other conditions.

Selections

The Adjust 1PT function offers the following choices (use the UP and DOWN keys):
1)
RHS: Humidity calibration using the ROTRONIC Humidity Standards
Humidity: Humidity calibration using any suitable reference environment
Temperature: Temperature calibration using any suitable reference environment

1) For humidity calibration, ROTRONIC offers convenient, certified humidity standards that generate known
humidity values (for more details, see Appendix 3 - Humidity Calibration).

Procedure

When more than one probe is connected to the instrument, select the probe to be calibrated prior
to entering the function (this is the same as the probe that was last displayed).

When the probe is at equilibrium with the reference environment, activate the Adjust 1PT function
and make the appropriate selections:

a) RHS: press the ENTER key to select this item. The LC display shows the value read by
the probe at the time the ENTER key was pressed. The letters “RHS” are displayed on
the message line. Use the UP or the DOWN key to change the humidity value to match
the mean value (at 23°C) written on the certificate supplied with the standard. For a faster
change, keep the key pressed down. Press the ENTER key when done.

Note: in the RHS mode, the software automatically compensates for the effect of
temperature on the humidity standard. No additional correction is required.

b) Humidity or Temperature: press the ENTER key to select. The LC display shows the
value read by the probe at the time the ENTER key was pressed. The word “humidity” or
“Temperature” is shown on the message line. Use the UP or the DOWN key to change
the humidity or temperature value to the value of the reference environment. For a faster
change, keep the key pressed down. Press the ENTER key when done.

After pressing the ENTER key, the message “sure?” should appear on the LC display. Press
ENTER to confirm. Next, the LC display will confirm that the probe adjustment has been
successfully completed. At that time, press ENTER to exit.

Note: you can exit the function at any time (without calibrating the probe) by pressing the MENU
key.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 14 –
______________________________________________________________________

ADJUST REF (1-point adjustment against a reference probe)

Definition

Note: this function is not available with the HygroLab 1

When two or more ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probes are connected to the HygroLab, the
Adjust REF function permits to use probe #1 as a reference to do a 1-point adjustment (both
humidity and temperature) of the other probes.

Warning: a 1-point adjustment is no substitute for a full calibration (2 or more points). Doing a 1-
point adjustment can improve accuracy over a narrow range of conditions and may also be
detrimental to accuracy at other conditions.

Procedure

Expose all probes to the same stable environment. Ventilation of the probes is highly
recommended. Observe the readings from all probes for complete equilibration with the reference
environment .

Press the ENTER key to enter the function. The display asks you to wait for a short time and then
shows the temperature and humidity read by the reference probe at the time the ENTER key was
pressed. Note that these values are not updated to the display as long as the function is active.
The message line of the display shows REF = Probe 1, indicating that probe #1 is the reference.
Press the UP or the DOWN key to change the reference probe as required.

Press the ENTER key to accept. After pressing the ENTER key, the message “sure?” should
appear on the LC display. Press ENTER to confirm. Next, the LC display will confirm that the
probe adjustment has been successfully completed. At that time, press ENTER to exit. Note: you
can exit the function at any time (without calibrating the probe) by pressing the MENU key.

PROBE

Definition

This function displays the version number and serial number of any ROTRONIC HygroClip digital
probe connected to the instrument.

Procedure

Prior to entering the function, select the probe to be displayed (this is the same as the probe that
was last displayed).

When entering the function, the version number of the probe is displayed first. Use the UP or the
DOWN key to display the serial number of the probe.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 15 –
______________________________________________________________________

SETTINGS

Definition

This function is used to do the following:

• turn the trend indicators on or off

• adjust the value of the barometric pressure used in some psychrometric computations
• select between the Metric or English unit system

Procedure

Trend: use the UP or the DOWN key to enable or disable the trend indicators.

The trend of humidity and temperature is shown on the display by an arrow (up or down) to the
left of the measured value. Both arrows are shown to indicate stable conditions. Stable conditions
are defined as rate of change of less than 0.02 %RH / min or °C / min.

Signal stability is first evaluated after 60 seconds into the measurement and is updated every 30
seconds.

Barometric pressure: use the DOWN arrow key to select the digit to be changed. Use the UP
arrow key to change the value of the digit.

Units: use the UP or the DOWN arrow key to toggle between Metric and English.

SYS STATUS

Definition

This function displays the software version of the instrument, the RS232 configuration (baud rate,
parity, bits and stop bit), the network address, any user-defined description for the instrument and
the serial number of the instrument.

This information is for display only. Some parameters such as the network address can be
changed with the HW3 software, after connecting the instrument to a PC.

Procedure

When entering the function, the software version number is displayed first. Use the UP or the
DOWN key to display the other data.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 16 –
______________________________________________________________________

Errors and Status Messages

The following is a list of coded messages (101, etc.) that the HygroLab may show on the bottom
line of the LC display or via RS232 / RS485.

Errors:
101 checksum error the checksum test did not pass during RS-communication.
102 bad command an unknown command was received
103 disallowed a command was received that is reserved for production and
command service
104 unknown probe reference was made to a non-existing analog or digital probe
input input
105 argument error error in the number of the arguments in the command or in
the value of one of the arguments
106 HygroClip the HygroClip probe does not answer or is not connected
communication error
107 calibration error the difference between the probe reading and the calibration
point is larger than the maximum allowed by the INI
command.
108 calibration error internal probe error (or the difference between the probe
(overflow) reading and the calibration value is too large)
110 unknown reference the reference probe is not connected or the reference probe
probe input does not exist
111 Temperature error During humidity calibration, temperature should be within the
limits of 0 and 80°C (32 and 176°F)
Warnings:
120 no adjustment calibration
121 No HygroClip probe
is connected
Status:
130 the probe was calibration
adjusted

Connectors
Internal Service Connector (HygroLab 1)

Open the instrument housing to access the service connector. This 3-pin connector is located on
the printed circuit board as shown below:

service connector

use cable # AC1623 to connect

to the COM port of a PC

Probe input connectors

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 17 –
______________________________________________________________________

Optional Analog Output Connector (HygroLab 2)

If any analog probe is being used, this connector simply repeats the analog probe input signals.
13 1
Optional
Analog Output
DB25F Connector

Pin # Function
1 Probe 1 – Analog 1
2 Probe 1 – Analog 2
3 GND
4 Probe 2 – Analog 1
5 Probe 2 – Analog 2
6 GND
7 Probe 3 – Analog 1
8 Probe 3 – Analog 2
9 GND
10 Probe 4 – Analog 1
11 Probe 4 – Analog 2
12 GND

RS232 / RS485 (HygroLab 2 and 3)

5 1
RS232 connector (9-pin Sub D)

Pin # Function
2 TX
3 RX
5 GND
9 6

5 1
RS485 connector (9-pin Sub D)

Pin # Function
1 RI +
5 GND (normally not used)
9 RI -
9 6
9 6

The RS232 connection between the HygroLab and a PC requires 3 wires: RX, TX and GND.
Without a signal booster, the maximum cable length is limited to 150 m (490 ft). A connecting
cable RS232 9pol ST-BU can be ordered form ROTRONIC (part number 11.01.6218 (1.8 m),
11.01.6230 (3 m), 11.01.6260 (6 m) and 11.01.6290 (10 m)).

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 18 –
______________________________________________________________________

The RS485 wiring can be done with a twisted pair (2-wire, telephone type) and wall mounted
RJ45 receptacles. No shielded cable and no terminator should be required.

PC Unit 0 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 31

COM

2 wires

RJ45

RS232 (3 wires) RS485 ( 2 wires)

maximum 150 m (490 ft) maximum 1,000 m (3,300 ft)
can be left open ended

NOTE: prior to networking the instruments, they should be individually configured with the
HW3 software (connect each instrument, one at a time, to the COM port of the PC) .
Be sure to give each instrument a unique network address (by default, instruments are
given address 0 at the factory). For easier identification, you may also want to give at that time
a descriptive name (maximum 30 characters) to each instrument.

Environmental Limits
The HygroLab can operate in the temperature range of –10...55°C (14…131°F) and should not
be exposed to condensing humidity.

The operating limits at the probe depend on the probe model and are specified separately for
each probe.

Maintenance
The HygroLab should not require any routine maintenance. See appendix 2 and appendix 3
regarding the maintenance of the probes.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 19 –
______________________________________________________________________

Specifications
Power supply AC Adapter 9 to 15VDC, 100 mA
DC(+) Tip
Operating limits at electronics 0…99 %RH (non condensing)
-10...55°C (14...131°F)
1)
Measured parameters
relative humidity indication range 0.0…100.0 %RH
temperature indication range -99.9…999.9 °C or °F
2)
barometric pressure indication range 0.000…9999 hPa / PSI / In Hg
1) 3)
Calculated parameters
4)
dew / frost point indication range -99.9…999.9 °C / °F
5)
wet bulb temperature indication range 0.0…100.0 °C / 32.0…212.0 °F
5)
enthalpy indication range -99.9…9999 J/g or BTU/lb
vapor concentration indication range 0.000…9999 g/m3 or gr/cuft
5)
specific Humidity indication range 0.000…9999 g/kg or gr/lb
5)
mixing ratio indication range 0.000…9999 g/kg or gr/lb
vapor concentration at saturation indication range 0.000…9999 g/m3 or gr/cuft
part. pressure of water vapor indication range 0.000…9999 hPa / PSI / In Hg
sat. pressure of water vapor indication range 0.000…9999 hPa / PSI / In Hg

Number of probe inputs HygroLab 1 2

HygroLab 2+3 4
6)
Probe type All models ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probe
7)
All models ROTRONIC analog probe
7)
HygroLab 2+3 Third-party analog probe
A/D resolution (analog probes) Hygrolab 1+2 10-bit
A/D resolution (analog probes) Hygrolab 3 12-bit
Display Alphanumerical LC display
Serial output (except HygroLab 1) RS 232 / RS485
Housing material Aluminum
Housing dimensions 220 x 170 x 55 mm (8.66 x 6.69 x 2.16”)
Weight 1.0 kg (2.2 lb)

1) Specify engineering units when ordering (can be changed by user with optional HW3 software). See
separate probe specifications regarding the different range limits
2) Not available with HygroLab 1
3) Not available with HygroLab 1. The accuracy of the computed parameter is limited by the accuracy of the
measured parameters on which it is based
4) The standard factory setting is frost point for values below freezing. This setting can be changed to dew
point with the optional HW3 software
5) A fixed pressure value is used for the computations of this parameter. The fixed pressure value can be
changed by the user either from the keypad or with the optional HW3 software. The HygroLab 2 and 3
can also be configured with the HW3 software to accept the input from a pressure probe (variable
pressure value)
6) Accuracy, repeatability and operating limits are specified separately for each model of probe
7) ROTRONIC analog probes: because the HygroLab cannot read a negative input voltage, temperature
measurement with probes having a standard output is generally limited to values above freezing. Third-
party probe (pressure or other): linearized voltage output signal within the range of 0..2.5 VDC, supply
voltage 9 VDC, 10 mA max.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 20 –
______________________________________________________________________

Appendix 1: Practical Advice for Measuring Humidity

The most common source of error when measuring relative humidity is a difference between
the temperature of the probe and the temperature of the environment. At a humidity condition
of 50 %RH, a temperature difference of 1°C (1.8 °F) typically results in an error of 3 %RH on
relative humidity.

When using a humidity probe with an indicator, it is good practice to monitor the display for
temperature stability. The probe should be given sufficient time to equilibrate with the
environment to be measured. The larger the initial temperature difference between the probe
and the environment to be measured, the more time temperature equilibration requires. This
time can be shortened, and errors avoided, by using the probe configuration that fits best for
your application.

In extreme situations, condensation may occur on the sensors when the probe is colder than
the environment. As long as the humidity / temperature limits of the humidity sensor are not
exceeded, condensation does not alter the calibration of the sensor. However, the sensor has
to dry out before it can provide a valid measurement.

Non-moving air is an excellent insulator. When there is no air movement, surprising differences in
temperature and humidity can noted over short distances. Air movement at the probe generally
results in measurements that are both faster and more accurate.

Appendix 2: Maintenance of the ROTRONIC probes

Cleaning or Replacing the Dust Filter of the Probe

Most ROTRONIC probes come with one of the following types of dust filter: (a) protective
metal base with a removable filter cartridge or (b) plastic slotted cap with built-in (not
removable) filter element.

Depending on the conditions of measurement, the cleanliness of the filter should be checked
from time to time. If the probe has a removable filter cartridge, this can be easily removed for
cleaning.

If the probe has a plastic slotted cap with a built-in filter element, cleaning should be done
without removing the filter from the probe. In that case, do not use detergents, solvents or
other strong chemicals. Either brush the filter or use a little bit of clean water.

Corroded, discolored or clogged filters should be replaced. If the probe has a removable
cartridge, simply replace the cartridge (leave the metal base on the probe).

If the probe has a plastic slotted cap with built-in filter element follow these instructions:

1) Unscrew the filter from the probe and pull it straight away, in the alignment of the probe,
so as not the catch the humidity and temperature sensors.
2) Before putting on a new dust filter, check the alignment of both sensors with the probe.
The wires that connect the sensors to the probe are very thin and bend easily. If necessary,
correct the alignment by tapping the sensor very gently with a smooth object such as a small

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 21 –
______________________________________________________________________

plastic rod. Do not use sharp pliers or tweezers as this could puncture the sensor and do not
pull hard on the sensor.

Periodic Calibration Check of the Probes

Long term stability of the ROTRONIC Hygromer humidity sensor is typically better than 1
%RH per year. For maximum accuracy, calibration of the probe should be verified every 6 to
12 months. Applications where the probe is exposed to significant pollution may require
more frequent verifications.

Both the Pt 100 RTD temperature sensor and associated electronics are very stable and
should not require any calibration after the initial factory adjustment.
For routine calibration checks, the probe should be verified at one or two values of humidity.
For more details, see Calibration Basics and Functions – ADJUST M.PT.

For customers who do not want to get involved with field calibrations, our unique probe
exchange program offers an attractive alternative. This program takes advantage of the
interchangeability of the ROTRONIC HygroClip digital probes. Replacement probes are fully
calibrated and are rehabilitated probes with a brand new humidity sensor and filter.

Appendix 3: Calibration Basics

The following choices are available to calibrate the HygroClip probe(s) used with the HygroLab:

a) Calibration using the HygroLab display and keypad (see Functions).

b) Calibration using a PC with the optional HW3 software (see separate instructions for the
HW3 software) – This choice is available only with the HygroLab 2 and 3, after
connecting the HygroLab to the COM port of the PC.
c) Calibration of the probe alone (removed from the HygroLab), using a PC with the optional
HW3 software and the MOK-WIN or T7-WIN calibration cable (see separate instructions
for the HW3 software).

Note: the HygroLab itself should not require any field calibration.

Temperature Calibration

Note: the stability of the Pt100 RTD sensor used to measure temperature is such that
temperature calibration in the field is seldom required.

In order to be able to correctly evaluate the accuracy of the temperature measurements

provided by the probe, you should be able to meet the following requirements:

a) Both the probe and a reference thermometer should be ventilated with the same stream
of air. Any dust filter used to protect the sensors should be carefully removed from the
probe. If the probe has a protective slotted cap, this may be left on the probe.

b) Air velocity at the sensor should be within the limits of 200 to 500 feet/minute (1 to 2.5
meters/second). Any comparison between two instruments at a velocity under 200
feet/minute may not be valid. Air velocity above 500 feet/minute may damage the
unprotected humidity sensor.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 22 –
______________________________________________________________________

c) The temperature of the air stream should be practically constant.

If you cannot meet the above requirements, you should not attempt to calibrate temperature.

Humidity Calibration

ROTRONIC provides easy-to-use, certified humidity standards for those customer who do
not have access to a humidity generator. To use these standards, you will need a calibration
device that is suitable for your probe.

Calibration Device

The calibration device is a small airtight container that fits on the probe and seals around the
humidity sensor. During calibration, a known reference humidity is produced inside the
calibration device by means of a humidity standard (usually an aqueous salt solution). To
find out which model of calibration device is suitable for your probe, please consult the probe
documentation.

Certified Humidity Standards

The ROTRONIC certified standards are available in boxes of 5 glass ampoules of the same
value, which can be stored indefinitely. Standards in the range of 5 to 95 %RH are non-
saturated aqueous salt solutions that are precisely titrated at our factory for the right
concentration. The 0 %RH humidity standard is made of small granules of a highly porous
ceramic that have been dried at a high temperature. A Material Safety Data Sheet is
available for each standard. Since most standards are a salt solution, parts which have
come in contact with the liquid should be cleaned after each use.

Each box of standards comes with a certificate that provides statistical information on the
manufacturing batch of the standard. Information on the effect of temperature on each
standard is provided on the cover of each box of standard. When calibrating either with the
HygroLab or with the HW3 software, the effect of temperature on the standards is
compensated by the software and no further correction is required. The value of the
standards is not affected by altitude.

Instructions for using the Standards

• Install the calibration device on the probe so that the receptacle (or solution holder) is
under the probe. Check for a tight fit and remove the receptacle from the calibration
device.
• Place one fiber disc (each box of standards includes 5 discs) in the receptacle of the
calibration device. The purpose of this disc is to prevent accidental spilling of the solution
inside the calibration device or on the humidity sensor.
• Tap the top of the ampoule so that all liquid drops to the bottom of the ampoule. Snap off
top and empty contents on fiber disc. Since the ampoule is made of glass, exercise
proper caution (gloves, safety glasses) when snapping off the top.
• Put the receptacle back on the calibration device and make sure that the solution does
not come in contact with the sensor: The solution inside the calibration device should
never be on top of the sensors.
• Allow at least 60 minutes to insure that the calibration device, the solution and the sensor
are in a state of equilibrium. This is verified by monitoring the display.
• After adjusting the probe, remove the receptacle from the calibration device. Throw away
the wet disc (non reusable). Thoroughly wash and wipe dry the receptacle.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 23 –
______________________________________________________________________

General Recommendations

During calibration, temperature stability is the single most important requirement. If possible,
calibrate the probe is room temperature (18 to 25°C). Room temperature should be stable to
±0.25°C or better during the period of time required for each calibration point. Do not
calibrate close to an air vent or a heater, in direct exposure to sun rays, etc.

If using a humidity generator to calibrate the probe, make sure that the probe is as fully
immersed in the generator as possible to minimize temperature effects.

Instruments Configured to Display Water Activity

Calibrate, the HygroLab exactly as if it were configured to display humidity in %RH. Do not
convert the value of the humidity standard to Aw.

Appendix 4: Humidity Definitions

Relative Humidity and Water Activity

Relative humidity is the ratio of two pressures: %RH = 100 x p/ps where p is the actual partial
pressure of the water vapor present in the ambient and ps the saturation pressure of water at the
temperature of the ambient.

Relative humidity sensors are usually calibrated at normal room temperature (above freezing).
Consequently, it generally accepted that this type of sensor indicates relative humidity with
respect to water at all temperatures (including below freezing).

Ice produces a lower vapor pressure than liquid water. Therefore, when ice is present, saturation
occurs at a relative humidity of less than 100 %. For instance, a humidity reading of 75 %RH at a
temperature of -30°C, corresponds to saturation above ice.

Water activity is the same as relative humidity except for the fact that it is expressed in p.u.
instead of %RH: 100.0 %RH = 1.000 Aw.

Dew Point / Frost Point Temperature

The dew point temperature of moist air at the temperature T, pressure Pb and mixing ratio r is the
temperature to which air must be cooled in order to be saturated with respect to water (liquid).

The frost point temperature of moist air at temperature T, pressure Pb and mixing ratio r is the
temperature to which air must be cooled in order to be saturated with respect to ice.

Wet Bulb Temperature

The wet bulb temperature of moist air at pressure Pb, temperature T and mixing ratio r
is the temperature which the air assumes when water is introduced gradually by infinitesimal
amounts at the current temperature and evaporated into the air by an adiabatic process at
constant pressure until saturation is reached.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 24 –
______________________________________________________________________

Vapor Concentration
The vapor concentration (density of water vapor in a mixture) or absolute humidity, is defined as
the ratio of the mass of water vapor Mv to the volume V occupied by the mixture.
3
Dv = Mv / V , expressed in grams/m or in grains/cu ft

This can be derived as follows from the equation PV = nRT:

a) Mv = n x mw, where :

n = number of moles of water vapor present in the volume V

mw = molecular mass of water

b) Dv = Mv /.V = n x mw / V = mw x p / RT , where:

mw = 18.016 gram
p = partial pressure of water vapor [Pa]
R = 8.31436 Pa x m3 / °K x mole
T = temperature of the gas mixture in °K
3
Dv [g / m ] = p / 0.4615 x T

1 gr (grain) = 0.0648 g (gram)

3
1 cu ft = 0.0283168 m
3
Dv [gr / cu ft] = 0.437 x Dv [g / m ]

Specific Humidity
The specific humidity (also known as mass concentration or moisture content of moist air) is the
ratio of the mass Mv of water vapor to the mass (Mv + Ma) of moist air in which the mass of water
vapor Mv is contained.

Q = Mv / (Mv + Ma)

Q = p mw / (p mw + (Pb – p) ma)

Q [ g / kg] = 1000 p / (1.6078 Pb – 0.6078 p)

1 gr (grain) = 0.0648 g (gram)

1 lb = 0.4535923 kg

Q [gr / lb] = 7 x Q [g / kg]

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 25 –
______________________________________________________________________

Mixing Ratio by Weight

The mixing ratio r of moist air is the ratio of the mass Mv of water vapor to the mass Ma of dry air
with which the water vapor is associated:

r = Mv / Ma

Mv = n x mw = mw x p V / RT

Ma = n x ma = ma x pa V / RT = ma x (Pb – p) / RT, where:

mw = 18.016 gram
ma = 28.966 gram
p = partial pressure of water vapor [Pa]
pa = partial pressure of dry air [Pa]
Pb = total or barometric pressure [Pa]
R = 8.31436 Pa x m3 / °K x mole
T = temperature of the gas mixture in °K

r = mw p / ma (Pb – p)

r = 621.97 x p / (Pb – p) [g / kg]

1 gr (grain) = 0.0648 g (gram)

1 lb = 0.4535923 kg

r [gr / lb] = 7 x r [g / kg]

Enthalpy
The enthalpy (or energy content) of moist air at pressure Pb, temperature t (°C) and mixing ratio r
(g/kg) is defined by:

h [kJ / kg moist] = 1.00464 t + 0.001846 r x t + 2.5 r

Note: by convention, the enthalpy of dry air ( r = 0 ) at 0°C is equal to zero. Negative values of
enthalpy are possible and indicate that the energy content of the air / vapor mixture is less than
the energy content of dry air at 0°C

1 lb = 0.4536 kg
1 BTU = 1.05507 kJ

h [BTU / lb] = 0.4299 x h [kJ / kg] + 7.68

The value 7.68 is added to reference enthalpy in BTU / lb to the temperature of 0°F.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 26 –
______________________________________________________________________

Appendix 5: Dew Point Accuracy

The HygroLab 2 and 3 use the relative humidity and temperature measurements to compute
another parameter such as dew point, mixing ratio, enthalpy, etc. The accuracy of this conversion
varies, depending on the humidity and temperature conditions. Typical accuracy for the dew point
conversion is provided in the graph below:
Dew Point Accuracy

±1 °C

-10

±1.5 °C

-20
Dew Point Depression °C

±2 °C

±2.5 °C
-30

-40

-50

-60
-40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Temperature °C

The accuracy of the dew point conversion is less than the accuracy that is normally achieved with
a chilled mirror instrument. This is especially true at low dew point values (dew point depression
of more than -40…-50°C) and at low temperatures. In many applications, repeatability is more
critical than accuracy. Repeatability of the dew point conversion is typically 1/3 of the accuracy
shown above. Using a dew point conversion permits to measure conditions that cannot be
measured with a chilled mirror instrument. Typically, the measuring head of a chilled mirror
instrument is limited to a maximum of 70°C and, therefore, cannot measure a dew point
temperature above 70°C. In addition to the ability to operate at high temperature, the relative
humidity probe offers significant advantages for industrial applications: less maintenance and
higher tolerance to contaminants, no sampling system, no uncertainty between dew and frost and
better response to fast changing conditions.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 27 –
______________________________________________________________________

Appendix 6: RS232 Communication Protocol

The following describes the RS232 protocol that can be used by any communications software to
read instruments from the HygroClip product line when connected to the COM port of a PC.
Instruments that are networked together can also be read.

Connections

The exchange of data requires 3 wires: TXD (transmit), RXD (receive) and SG (signal ground).

RS232 Settings

Normally, communication is done at the rate of 19200 bps. When there is a large amount of data
to be exchanged (file read), the baud rate can be increased to 38400 bps.

In principle, only 7-bit ASCII characters (ASCII 32 to 127) are being used. The exception is File
Read, where 8-bit characters are being used.

Normal settings:

Baud rate : 19200

Parity : even
Data bits :7
Stop bits :1
Flow Control : none

Force incoming data to 7-bit ASCII.

Data Integrity

- 7-bit characters are sent with a parity bit. 8-bit characters are sent without parity bit.
- Strings (made of 7-bit characters) can be sent with or without checksum at the end of the
string. When the checksum is not known – for example: when sending a command - the
checksum is replaced by the } character at the end of the string.
- For the transmission of files (8-bit characters), it is planned to use predefined initialization and
end-of-communication sets of characters with a checksum.

Communication

Any communications program such as Windows Hyperterminal can be used to read the data on a
PC screen. Communication with the instrument is always initiated from the PC. Any string sent
from the PC should begin with the { character to start the synchronization. This should be
followed by a 1-character product identification (see table below). The address is next (this is a 2-
digit number between 00 and 31 used to distinguish between the different instruments, probes,
functions etc. that are connected to the PC). The address is followed by a command and by any
values or parameters that may be required to carry out the command. Use a carriage return (CR)
to terminate the command string.

Example: {B03RDD} + CR (asks instrument B03 to send measurement data)

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 28 –
______________________________________________________________________

When several instruments are connected together (RS485 network), commands directed to
instruments other than the instrument that is physically connected to the COM port of the PC
should be preceded with the | character (ASCII 124)

Example: |{M01RDD} + CR

The instrument answers with a string beginning with the { character, the product identification and
the address, followed by the command that was received and any data field that may have been
requested by the command. This is followed by a checksum.
The length of the string may vary, depending on how much data is included. Since the string itself
does not include any information about its own length, a carriage return (CR) is always used to
terminate the string.

Example: {M01RDD 0027.50;0067.17;0029.31;0064.27;#M (terminated with CR)

where:

{M01RDD : repeats the command + blank space

0027.50 : %RH – probe 1

; : separator
0067.17 : °F – probe 1 (temperature unit depends on instrument configuration with HW3)
; : separator
0029.31 : %RH – probe 2 (optional)
; : separator
0064.27 : °F – probe 2 (optional)
; : separator
#M : check sum

Note: Some instruments may insert the $ character at the second or third position of the string.

1-character Product Identification

ID Product Examples
(the instrument will answer the following command)

a A1H {a00M} + CR

d I3000, I3000S {d00zY + CR – assuming the address is 0

d BT-RS {d02z] + CR

w HygroWin Not Applicable

x MOK-Win {x00M} + CR

0 HygroPalm 1 Not Applicable

u HygroPalm 2 {u00RDD}+CR – assuming the address is 0

U HygroPalm 3 {U00RDD}+CR – assuming the address is 0

1 HygroFlex 1 Not Applicable

m HygroFlex 2 {m00RDD}+CR – assuming the address is 0

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 29 –
______________________________________________________________________

M HygroFlex 3 {M00RDD}+CR – assuming the address is 0

2 HygroLab 1 Not Applicable

b HygroLab 2 {b00RDD}+CR – assuming the address is 0

B HygroLab 3 {B00RDD}+CR – assuming the address is 0

X reserved {X00RDD}+CR – assuming the address is 0

CR=Chr(13)

Special Situations (single instrument)

Using address 99 in a data request causes instruments with any address to answer. For this
reason, address 99 should not be used when several instruments are connected to a network.
Address 99 can be useful when trying to communicate with a single instrument of unknown
address. The address is returned as part of the answer string.

When the product ID is unknown, it can be replaced with a blank in the command. The product ID
is returned as part of the answer string.

Example: { 99RDD}+CR

Examples

Data can be read from the instrument directly connected to the COM port of the PC (RS232) as
well as from any instrument that is networked (RS485).The following examples are for the
HygroLab. The same commands can be used for other instruments with similar capabilities by
substituting the appropriate values for the product ID and address.

1) read %RH and temperature from the HygroLab 2 with address 01 (2 probes), directly
connected to the PC COM port (RS232):

data request: {b01RDD}+CR

answer: {b01RDD 0025.01;0016.89;0024.57;0019.84;----.--;----.--;----.--;----.--;#C

note: 0025.01: humidity probe 1 (%RH)

0016.89: temperature probe 1 (°C as per instrument configuration)
0024.57: humidity probe 2 (%RH), etc.

2) read %RH, temperature and computed parameter

data request: {b01RDD0;}+CR

answer: {b01RDD 0025.90;0015.82;-003.69;0024.47;0019.88;-001.00;----.--;----.--;----.—S

note: 0025.90: humidity probe 1 (%RH)

0015.82: temperature probe 1 (°C as per instrument configuration)
-003.69: dew point probe 1 (°C as per instrument configuration), etc.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 30 –
______________________________________________________________________

3) read %RH and temperature from the HygroFlex 3 (1 probe) with address 00, connected by
RS 485 to the HygroLab 2:

data request |{M00RDD} +CR note the | character (ASCII 124) preceding the command

answer: {M00RDD 0020.41;0019.87;----.--;----.--;#E

note: 0020.41: humidity probe 1 (%RH)

0019.87: temperature probe 1 (°C as per instrument configuration), etc.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 31 –
______________________________________________________________________

Appendix 7: Water Activity Measurement

Using the HygroLab to Measure Water Activity
With the appropriate model of probe (for example AwVC-DIO), any model of HygroLab can be
used to measure the water activity of foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. All HygroLab
models can be configured to display humidity as water activity (1.00 aw = 100 %RH).

HygroLab 1:

The HygroLab 1 can be configured to display humidity as water activity (1.00 aw = 100 %RH).
With the HygroLab 1, up to two probes can be used simultaneously for conventional water activity
measurements.

HygroLab 2:

When used as a stand alone unit, the HygroLab 2 offers possibilities similar to the HygroLab 1,
except for the fact that up to 4 probes can be used simultaneously.

Productivity in the laboratory can be greatly increased by using the HygroLab 2 together with a
PC on which the HW3 software has been installed. With this combination, the following functions
are available (see note below):

! Accelerated water activity measurement (AwQuick mode): allows the measurement of most
products in typically 5 minutes.
! Full equilibration measurement (Standard mode) with automatic detection of equilibrium
conditions with optional recording of the entire equilibration process.
! Automatic capture to a text file of the measurements, including probe and product
identification (both in the AwQuick and standard mode).

All HW3 water activity functions can be used simultaneously with up to 4 probes, with any or both
measurement modes active.

Note: Access to the water activity functions of HW3 requires a product key. A product key can be
purchased at the same time as the HygroLab or it can be purchased later. The product key works
only with a specific instrument model and serial number.

HygroLab 3:

The AwQuick measuring mode is already built into the HygroLab 3 and up to 4 probes can be
used simultaneously. The HygroLab 3 can also be used for full equilibration measurements.

When the HygroLab 3 is used together with a PC on which the HW3 software has been installed,
the following additional functions are available:

! Recording of the entire equilibration process of a product sample (standard mode only).
! Automatic capture of measurements to text file (both in the AwQuick and standard mode).

Note: the remaining pages of this addendum apply only to the HygroLab 3. The optional
HW3 PC software features water activity functions that can be used with either the
HygroLab 2 or the HygroLab 3. These functions are described in a separate manual
provided on the HW3 CD ROM.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 32 –
______________________________________________________________________

Principle of Measurement
The standard (or conventional) method of measuring water activity consists in placing a sample of
the product to be measured in a sealed container. The product sample slowly exchanges
moisture with the air inside the sealed container until equilibrium is reached. Experience shows
that even with a relatively small amount of product, it is the moisture contained in the product that
ends up determining the humidity of the air, and not vice versa.

The equilibration process is monitored by measuring the humidity of the air above the product
with a relative humidity sensor (%RH = 100 x Aw). Because temperature is an important factor
when measuring water activity, the temperature of the air above the product, is also monitored.

By definition, water activity is equal to %RH / 100 when equilibrium has been reached. At that
time, the product no longer interchanges moisture with the surrounding air.

The following below uses the Rotronic AwVC-DIO water activity probe as an example.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 33 –
______________________________________________________________________

General Recommendations
1. Preparation of the product samples

The AwVC-DIO probe can be used with two different sample holders (WP-14: shallow / WP-40:
deep), corresponding to two sizes of disposable sample cups (PS-14: shallow / PS-40: deep).
Use the shallow sample cups (PS-14) and the shallow sample holder (WP-14) for calibrating the
probe with the Rotronic certified humidity standards or with saturated salt solutions. In general,
use the shallow cups for a liquid, a paste or a powder. Use the deep sample cups (PS-40) and
the deep sample holder (WP-40) for products in bulk (large chunks).

The disposable sample cups serve two purposes:

(a) provide a means storing product samples prior to measurements so that they can come to
the same temperature as the probe
(b) prevent contamination across samples.

Prior to measurements, fill a number of disposable sample cup with the products to be measured.
Usually, filling up to 1/3 of the cup is sufficient. To avoid soiling the probe, do not fill the cup
above the fill line (see below).

2. Other basic guidelines

To ensure accurate and repeatable results, please follow these basic guidelines:

a) Measure water activity only in a temperature stable area. Do not measure on a bench that is
located near a heater, an AC vent or an open window. Avoid direct exposure of the probe and/or
product samples to sun light (heating effect).

b) Prior to measurements, place each product sample in a disposable sample cup with the cover
on. Place the cups in the same general area as the probe. Allow for sufficient time for the
samples to come to the temperature of the probe (usually room temperature). A frequent mistake
is to measure product samples which have been kept overnight in a refrigerator without first
allowing them to come to room temperature. Another mistake is to measure hot samples coming
straight from the manufacturing process. To measure water activity at a temperature other than
room temperature, place both the probe and the product samples in an incubator set at the
desired temperature.

c) Avoid warming up the probe, the sample holder or the product sample by touching or holding
for too long in your hand.

d) When using the AwVC-DIO probe, check that the probe is on (this is the default when
powering up the HygroLab). When the probe is on, the red LED on the top of the probe should be
flashing The probe does not operate and the HygroLab does not get any signal when the LED is
not flashing. If necessary, press once on the red button located on top of the probe. Holding your
hand close to the bottom of the probe, you should feel a very slight breeze.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 34 –
______________________________________________________________________

HygroLab 3: Water Activity Functions

Note: be sure to configure the instrument to display humidity as Aw and temperature in °C as this
is normal practice when measuring water activity.

Standard Aw Mode

In the standard Aw mode, the HygroLab 3 constantly monitors the humidity and temperature
signals from the water activity probe. The HygroLab waits until the product sample has reached
full equilibrium and automatically ends the measurement at that time.

The HygroLab performs the following tasks:

1) the stability of the humidity signal is constantly evaluated

2) the stability of the temperature signal is constantly evaluated
3) the measurement is automatically ended as soon as both humidity and temperature reach
equilibrium. At that time, the HygroLab makes a short beep and freezes the display.
The RS 232 output keeps being updated.

The criteria used to determine that a product sample has reached equilibrium can be modified by
the user (see Using the Standard Aw Mode).

The natural (or static) equilibration of most products typically requires from 45 to 60 minutes and
can take as long as a couple of hours. Humidity changes at an extremely slow pace towards the
end of the process. HW3 eliminates the tedious task of monitoring the measurements until
equilibrium has been truly reached.

AwQuick Mode

In the AwQuick mode, the HygroLab 3 uses an algorithm to project the full equilibrium value
(water activity) of the product sample. The measurement is automatically ended and typically
requires about 5 minutes.

The HygroLab performs the following tasks:

1) the value of the humidity signal is constantly monitored

2) the stability of the temperature signal is constantly monitored
3) After an initial period of time (dwell time), HW3 uses the humidity data to project the end value
of the equilibration process (water activity). The measurement ends automatically as soon as
the projected Aw value is stable. At that time, the HygroLab makes a short beep and freezes
the display. The RS 232 output keeps being updated.

With the default dwell time of 4 minutes, measurements typically require about 5 minutes. The
difference between the AwQuick mode and the Standard mode is typically 0.005 aw or less.
The value of the dwell time can be set by the user (see Mode). This value represents a trade off
between speed of measurement and accuracy. Generally, a longer dwell time produces more
accurate results but causes measurements to take longer.

The value of temperature is the average temperature during the measurement. The HygroLab
displays a trend indicator next to the value of temperature. This is used to verify that temperature
was stable during the measurement.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 35 –
______________________________________________________________________

Using the Standard Aw Mode (E Mode)

1. On the keypad of the HygroLab, press on MENU and use the DOWN arrow to make the
display show Mode. When the display shows Mode, press on the ENTER key.

Use either the UP or the DOWN key until the display shows E AwE .

Press the ENTER key. The display shows the following:

0. 0 0 0 2
E HS [ Aw / m i n ]
Use the UP or DOWN arrow to set the definition of stable humidity. In the above example, the
HygroLab will consider humidity to be at equilibrium when the rate of change of the humidity
signal is less than 0.0002 Aw per minute. Default value: 0.0002 Aw / min

Press the ENTER key. The display shows the following:

0. 0 2
E TS [ ° C / m i n ]
Use the UP or DOWN arrow to set the definition of stable temperature. In the above example, the
HygroLab will consider temperature to be at equilibrium when the rate of change of the
temperature signal is less than 0.02 °C per minute. Default value: 0.02 °C / min

Press the ENTER key. The HygroLab 3 is now in the E mode (standard Aw mode).

2. Place a product sample in the sample holder and put the AwVC probe on top of the sample
holder.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 36 –
______________________________________________________________________

3. Press on the ENTER key. The display shows:

Note: the numerical values are for illustrative purposes only.

current
humidity value
0. 2 9 5 A w
2 4. 8 3 ° C current
temperature value

E1 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0R
E mode is running

elapsed time
hh:mm:ss
probe 1
is being displayed

HygroLab is in the E mode

After 60 seconds, the trend indicators appear both for humidity and temperature. Two arrows
mean stable signal, as per the settings defined when entering the E mode :

0. 6 8 4 A w
2 4. 8 6 ° C
E 1 0 0 : 0 1 : 0 0R
Upon reaching and holding equilibrium for a few minutes, the HygroLab beeps once and freezes
the display. Black rectangles to the left of the display indicate that the measurement is ended.

0. 9 3 5 A w
2 4. 8 8 ° C
E 1 0 0 : 0 1 : 0 0 S E mode stopped

Press the ENTER key to exit this screen. Press ENTER again to start a new measurement.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 37 –
______________________________________________________________________

Selecting the E mode applies to all probes connected to the HygroLab. The HygroLab 3 can run
the E mode with up to 4 probes simultaneously. When a probe is done, the HygroLab beeps once
and freezes the display for that probe. The display can be manually switched to another probe
from the keypad with the UP or the DOWN arrow.

Multiple Probes: unlike the E mode function in the HW3 software, the HygroLab 3 does not allow
to start and stop each probe individually. All probes that are connected to the HygroLab should be
used simultaneously (place a product sample in each probe and then start the measurement). To
avoid possible confusion, you may want to turn off any unused AwVC-DIO probe by pressing on
the red button on top of the probe. Other types of probes should be disconnected when not used.

Using the AwQuick Mode (Q Mode)

1. On the keypad of the HygroLab, press on MENU and use the DOWN arrow to make the
display show Mode. When the display shows Mode, press on the ENTER key.

Use either the UP or the DOWN key until the display shows Q AwQuick .

Press the ENTER key. The display shows the following:

4
Q Dw e l l [ m i n ]
Use the UP or DOWN arrow to set the dwell time. In the above example, the HygroLab will wait 4
minutes before processing the humidity data with the AwQuick algorithm. Default value: 4 min

Press the ENTER key. The display shows the following:

0. 0 2
Q TS [ ° C / m i n ]
Use the UP or DOWN arrow to set the definition of stable temperature. In the above example, the
HygroLab will consider temperature to be stable when the rate of change of the temperature
signal is less than 0.02 °C per minute. Default value: 0.02 °C / min

Press the ENTER key. The HygroLab 3 is now in the Q mode (AwQuick mode).

2. Place a product sample in the sample holder and put the AwVC probe on top of the sample
holder.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 38 –
______________________________________________________________________

3. Press on the ENTER key. The display shows:

Note: numerical values are for illustration purposes only.

current
humidity value
0. 2 9 5 A w
2 4. 8 3 ° C current
temperature value

Q1 0 0 : 0 0 : 0 0D
Q mode is
in the dwell phase
elapsed time
hh:mm:ss
probe 1
is being displayed

HygroLab is in the Q mode

After 60 seconds, the trend indicator appears for temperature. Two arrows mean stable signal, as
per the setting defined when entering the Q mode :

0. 6 8 4 A w
2 4. 8 6 ° C
Q1 0 0 : 0 1 : 0 0D
At the end of the dwell time, the display changes as follows:

Current
Aw projection
0. 9 1 5 A w
2 4. 8 1 ° C average
temperature

Q1 0 0 : 0 4 : 0 0R
Q mode no longer
in the dwell time

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 39 –
______________________________________________________________________

When the projected value of Aw is stable, the HygroLab beeps once and freezes the display.
Black rectangles to the left of the display indicate that the measurement is ended.

0. 9 3 4 A w
2 4. 7 9 ° C
Q1 0 0 : 0 4 : 5 0 S Q mode stopped

Press the ENTER key to exit this screen. Press ENTER again to start a new measurement.

Selecting the Q mode applies to all probes connected to the HygroLab. The HygroLab 3 can run
the Q mode with up to 4 probes simultaneously. When a probe is done, the HygroLab beeps once
and freezes the display for that probe. The display can be manually switched to another probe
from the keypad with the UP or the DOWN arrow.

Multiple Probes: unlike the E mode function in the HW3 software, the HygroLab 3 does not allow
to start and stop each probe individually. All probes that are connected to the HygroLab should be
used simultaneously (place a product sample in each probe and then start the measurement). To
avoid possible confusion, you may want to turn off any unused AwVC-DIO probe by pressing on
the red button on top of the probe. Other types of probes should be disconnected when not used.

Water Activity: definition and applications

Definitions

The moisture content of a product can be defined as the percentage weight of water in relation to
the dry weight of the product.

Products in which moisture can be present can be classified in two categories: hygroscopic and
non hygroscopic. Examples of hygroscopic materials are salts, vegetal fibers, most metal oxides,
many polymers, etc. Examples of non hygroscopic products are metal powders, glass granules,
etc.

Regarding the moisture content of a product, we define static equilibrium as a set of conditions
under which the product does not exchange any moisture with its environment. Under conditions
of static equilibrium, the moisture content of a hygroscopic product depends on the nature of the
product and also on the two following factors:

(a) the partial pressure of water vapor in the immediate environment of the product
(b) the temperature of the product

If the moisture content of a product is not dependent on both these factors, then the product is not
hygroscopic.

Hygroscopic products may absorb water in different ways: sorption with formation of a hydrate,
binding by surface energy, diffusion of water molecules in the material structure, capillary
condensation, formation of a solution, etc. Depending on the absorption process, water is bound

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 40 –
______________________________________________________________________

to the product with more or less strength. Moisture content can include both an immobilized part
(e.g. water of hydration) and an active part.

Water activity Aw (or equilibrium relative humidity %ERH) measures the vapor pressure
generated by the moisture present in a hygroscopic product.

Aw = p / ps and %ERH = 100 x Aw, where:

p : partial pressure of water vapor at the surface of the product

ps : saturation pressure, or the partial pressure of water vapor above pure water at the product
temperature

Water activity reflects the active part of moisture content or the part which, under normal
circumstances, can be exchanged between the product and its environment.

Water activity is usually defined under static conditions of equilibrium. Under such conditions, the
partial pressure of water vapor (p) at the surface of the product is equal to the partial pressure of
water vapor in the immediate environment of the product. Any exchange of moisture between the
product and its environment is driven by a difference between these two partial pressures.

Finally, water vapor can also be present in a gas or gas mixture. The relative humidity of a gas is
defined as %RH = 100 x p/ps, where (p) is the partial pressure of the water vapor present in the
gas mixture and (ps) is the saturation pressure, or the partial pressure of water vapor above pure
water at the temperature of the gas.

Aw and Temperature

Both water activity (materials) and relative humidity (gases) are referred to the saturation
pressure (ps) or partial pressure of water vapor above pure water:
Aw = p / ps

%RH = 100 x p/ps

The saturation pressure (ps) is strongly dependent on temperature. At normal room temperature,
(ps) increases by about 6.2% for a 1°C increase in temperature. In an open environment that is
not saturated with water vapor, the partial pressure of water vapor (p) does not change with
temperature. In a closed environment, (p) changes proportionally to the °K temperature (°K
temperature = °C temperature + 273.16). At normal room temperature, the change in (p) caused
by a small change in the °C temperature is practically negligible. Because (p) does not change
with temperature while (ps) does, the relative humidity of a gas (%RH = 100 x p/ps) is strongly
temperature dependent. At 95 %RH and room temperature, an increase of 1°C results in a
relative humidity decrease of about 6 %RH. At 50%RH, the same temperature increase causes
relative humidity to decrease by about 3 %RH.

The water activity of most hygroscopic products is not as strongly dependent on temperature. At
room conditions, research data typically shows that water activity varies only by roughly 0.0005 to
0.005 Aw (0.05 to 0.5 %RH) when temperature changes by 1°C.

This is explained by the fact that the partial pressure (p) at the surface of a hygroscopic product
does vary with temperature. Above most hygroscopic products, the magnitude of the change in
the partial pressure of water vapor (p) with temperature is similar (but not exactly equal) to the
magnitude of the change of the saturation pressure (ps) above pure water.

In summary, a change in temperature causes the partial pressure of water vapor above a
hygroscopic product to change. At the same time, the partial pressure in the air above the product
is practically unchanged. It follows that any change in the temperature of a hygroscopic product

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 41 –
______________________________________________________________________

automatically causes the product to exchange moisture with the air (or gas) that surrounds it.
Moisture is exchanged until the partial water vapor pressure at the surface of the product and in
the air are equal. When measuring water activity, it is essential to keep temperature as constant
as possible.

Applications

The active part of moisture content and, therefore, water activity, provide better information than
the total moisture content regarding the micro-biological, chemical and enzymatic stability of
perishable products such as foods and seeds. For similar reasons, water activity is equally
relevant in the pharmaceutical industry where it provides useful information regarding the
cohesion of tablets and pills, or the adherence of coatings. Water activity can be directly
compared with the relative humidity of the ambient air to prevent dimensional changes in a
product (paper, photographic film), to prevent hygroscopic powders (powdered sugar, salt) from
caking or turning into a solid block, etc

Water activity can be used with some products (mostly synthetic products) as a means of
indirectly measuring the total moisture content. This requires developing sorption isotherms to
this purpose. Sorption isotherms are graphs that provide the relationship between water activity
and moisture content at constant temperature. For most natural products, repeatable sorption
isotherms cannot be reliably developed and water activity should be regarded as separate from
moisture content.

in_hylab_v2.0.doc
 - 42 –
______________________________________________________________________

Appendix 8: Accessories for the HygroLab

Order Code Description

HW3 HW3 software (CD ROM)

AC1623 Cable service connector (MTA) HygroLab 1 to PC

MOK-01-B5 Adapter cable for HygroClip probes with DAT05 connector. Cable length 1 meter (3.2 ft)

T7-03-B5 Adapter cable for HygroClip probes with T7 connector. Cable length 3 meter (9.8 ft)

MOK-03-WIN Calibration cable for HygroClip probes with DAT05 connector. Terminated with a 25-pin
SUB-D connector. Converter 25-pin to 9-pin is supplied. Cable length 3 meter (9.8 ft).
9VDC adapter may be required (consult your local distributor)
T7-03-WIN Calibration cable for HygroClip probes with T7 connector. Terminated with a 25-pin
SUB-D connector. Converter 25-pin to 9-pin is supplied. Cable length 3 meter (9.8 ft).
9VDC adapter may be required (consult your local distributor)
EA00-SCS 0%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

EA05-SCS 5%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

EA10-SCS 10%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

EA11-SCS 11%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

EA20-SCS 20%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

EA35-SCS 35%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

EA50-SCS 50%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

EA65-SCS 65%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

EA75-SCS 75%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

EA80-SCS 80%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

EA95-SCS 95%RH humidity std, SCS cert., pack of 5

ER-15 calibration device for 15mm dia. Probes

ER-05 calibration device for 5mm dia. Probes

EM-15 calibration device for type ‘IE’ probes

in_hylab_v2.0.doc