EDUCATIONAL UNIT TANDCNICO

HUMANÍSTICO REPORBLICA FROM

FRANCE

N
NACH

FUND.14 - JUN-1988

R EP Ú BLI CA
D E F R A N CI A
EL ALTO - BOLIVIA

DEGREE IN ARCHITECTURE
TEACHER:
JORGE PEREZ FLORES
STUDENT:
JHUSSET ALEJANDRA
CONDORI PAUCARA
COURSE:
6th C OF SECONDARY

LA PAZ, BOLIVIA
2021

P. 1
DEDICATION
This work is dedicated:
To my parents for the moral support they gave me,
for seeing me given the opportunity to study that is why
I dedicate this work to you.

To my family for the support and help provided in everything

the course of my studies.

To my teachers and classmates, since they are

another family that forms in the course of my
education and dedicate this work to them for being part
of my formative life.

P. 2
GRATITUDE

I thank God for seeing me one day

more of life, for giving me health and
strength to carry on.

To my parents, for seeing me helped in the

economic and psychological aspect with
their values.

To my teachers, for guiding me with their

teachings and their understanding.

INDEX
COVER DEDICATION

P. 3
GRATITUDE
GENERAL INDEX
1. PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.1. INTRODUCTION 5
1.2. OBJECTIVES
1.2.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE
1.2.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
2. THEORETICAL CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF THE PROJECT
2.1. THE ARCHITECTURE
2.2. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE2
.2.1. PREHISTORY
2.2.2. ANTIQUITY
2.2.3. DIVISIONS
2.2.4. MIDDLE AGES
2.2.5. MODERN AGE
2.2.6. RENAISSANCE.
2.2.7. CONTEMPORARY AGE
2.2.8. XIX CENTURY
3. ARCHITECTURE IN BOLIVIA.
3.2. TYPES OF ARCHITECTURE IN BOLIVIA.
3.2.1. COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE
3.2.2. MODERN ARCHITECTURE
3.2.3. ANDEAN ARCHITECTURE
3.2.4. MINIMALIST ARCHITECTURE
3.2.5. INTELLIGENT ARCHITECTURE
4. ARCHITECTURE AS AREAS.
4.1. COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
4.2. SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
4.3. BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE
4.4. ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
5. QUALITIES TO BE AN ARCHITECT.
6. SUBJECTS SEEN IN THE ARCHITECTURE CAREER.
7. WHAT THE ARCHITECTURE CAREER IS USED FOR
8. UNIVERSITIES FOR THE ARCHITECTURE CAREER IN BOLIVIA.
9. YEARS AND PREPARATION FOR THE ARCHITECTURE CAREER:
9.1. FIRST YEAR
9.2. SECOND YEAR
9.3. THIRD YEAR
9.4. FOURTH YEAR
9.5. FIFTH YEAR
10. CONCLUSION.
11. BIBLIOGRAPHY.
12. ANNEXES.

1. PROJECT BACKGROUND.
1.1. INTRODUCTION.
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Architecture is an art in which we can project and build houses, buildings and
much more, but it always depends on science, suitable for the climate and
pleasing to the eye.
As man reproduced and progressed more with technology, in ancient times
there were more churches, especially created with rocks and houses were built
in China, India, Spain and now in the present time it has evolved into houses
buildings that they are no longer made of stones but of elements that did not
exist before is an advance that was achieved thanks to the human being being
able to build new things.
We must demonstrate the change that occurred between ancient and current
times, for that we must know the history and understand about the facts that we
had so that today we advance a lot in architecture, there is not only house there
are also event rooms, architecture is also relates more to design and knowing
what materials and uses to give.
To be an architect we must have knowledge of (physics and mathematics)
knowing how to calculate is the most essential thing for an architect, we also
have to have knowledge of (arts, culture and sociology), having the ability to
analyze and observe is needed a lot of imagination and having a good taste and
color tones are very important things that we must learn and know before being
an architect.
Architecture is a very interesting and complex discipline, since to understand it
perfectly, you must have a Gift to name spatial vision.
Not having knowledge of the architecture career without mastering technical
drawing and without visualizing how the art and production of what we imagine
would be.
Expression is one of the best ways to create architecture since with it we
express varieties of art, the career goes further, you need to be motivated and
willing to be able to create varieties of architectural plans.
We must also know the qualities and the years that one must have in this career
to be good professionals in this career since it is required in the Country and
architecture is always evolving challenging physics.

1.2. OBJECTIVES.
1.2.1. GENERAL OBJECTIVE.

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Develop and learn everything that is and is studied in the architecture career in
the city of El Alto, to be able to design and build different types of houses that
we must develop in the career, to be good architects in the development of my
future.
1.2.2. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.

 Design and build different types of houses in models and plans for the
best learning in the architecture career.
 Make other young people know about the architecture career so that they
can make a good decision in their career and for everything they like.
 Train and observe what urbanization is for a better design according to
the place, city and climate.

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2. THEORETICAL CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATION OF THE PROJECT.
2.1. THE ARCHITECTURE
Architecture is the art of devising, designing and constructing buildings and
structures where human activities can take place and at the same time are
functional and durable. The word as such comes from the Latin architectūra.
In this sense, architecture disciplines that is governed by a set of technical and
aesthetic principles, where the beauty of the construction must be in
harmonious balance with its functionality and utility.Hence, it is said that
architecture involves the alteration of physical space for the satisfaction of
human needs for housing, work, industry, commerce, religion, etc.

Because architecture is a reflection of the needs, values and interests of

different human societies during history, it is also an important cultural
manifestation that allows us to understand the way in which human beings have
related to their environment. the long of time.

As architecture it is also called the set of works, buildings or monuments,

whether they are by an author. A technique or style: Greek, Gothic, Baroque,
Mayan architecture, etc.

Ancient urban architecture was concerned with the construction of religious

structures and buildings that symbolized the political power of the rulers. Were
theancient greeksandromanswho perfected architecture, laying the foundations
of theclassical architectureand making it a point of reference for centuries to
come.
During this stage, stylized arches and columns were developed, limestone and
marble were worked, irrigation systems and aqueducts, sanitized cities and the
origin of the concrete. As examples of the high degree of architectural
development during that time, there are atParthenon of Athensand toRoman
Coliseum.
Indian and Chinese architecture influenced forms throughout Asia and Buddhist
architecture in particular adopted diverse local flavors. During the European
Middle Ages, pan-European styles of Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals and
abbeys emerged, while the Renaissance favored classical forms implemented
by architects known by name. Later, the roles of architects and engineers were
separated.
Modern architecture began after World War I as an avant-garde movement that
sought to develop an entirely new style appropriate for a new post-war social
and economic order focused on meeting the needs of the working and middle
classes. Modern techniques, materials, and simplified geometric shapes were
emphasized, paving the way for high-rise superstructures.

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 Many architects became disillusioned with modernism that they perceived as
historic and unsightly, and postmodern and contemporary architecture
developed.
2.2. HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE

Thehistory of architectureis the branch of thehistory of artthat studies the

historical evolution of architecture, its principles, ideas and achievements. This
discipline, as well as any other form of knowledgehistorical, is subject to the
limitations and strengths of thehistory as science: there are diverse
perspectives in relation to its study, most of which are western. In most cases,
although not always, the periods studied run parallel to those of art history and
there are times when ideasaestheticthey overlap or are confused.
In ancient times, the first shelters used by humans (Homo erectus) used to be
temporary and mobile due to lifestylenomadicof that time. The camps were built
with lightweight and easily transportable materials: bones, leather, wood, etc.
OnChichibu,Japan, pole holes were discovered in a layer of volcanic ash dating
back 500,000 years.
Meanwhile inFranceStone lines were found that served as the basis for stick
structures dating back 400,000 years. The shelter, as the predominant
construction in primitive societies, will be the main element of their spatial
organization, various architectural theorists at different times in history
(Vitruvianin ancient times,Leon Battista Albertiin the Renaissance, andJoseph
rykwertmore recently) evoked the myth ofthe primitive hut.
This myth, with variations depending on the source, postulates that the human
being received from the gods the wisdom for the construction of his coat,
configured as a construction ofwoodcomposed of fourwallsand agable roof.
2.2.1. Prehistory
Theprehistoric architectureIt is understood as a means of expression and
primitive construction that began to generate thoughts of beliefs about primitive
cultures. The first conserved landmarks of the incipient architecture are called.

 Megalithic constructions, from the Greek megas, large and lithos stone;
they consist of huge stone slabs without carving, or sparsely chipped,
vertical and horizontal,lintelled, supported, never joined withmortar, or with
some kind ofrig.
 Cyclopean constructions, so called because the ancient Greeks
attributed them to fabulous giants calledcyclops; They were made with a
simple rig of stones, partly squared, or not squared, although rough, and of
less volume than the megalithic ones, sometimes using clay mortar to form
walls andwalls.
The first arose in theNeolithic, continued in the early days of thecopper age.
The latter belong to the copper ages,bronzeor ofiron.

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Belonging to the primitivepopular architecturevarious constructions are known
that served ashome, or temporary abode, to our ancestors from the most
remote times. Such are:

 Cabins or huts, formed by branches of branches,

 Grottoes or caverns, artificial or natural but accommodated by the hand
of man to its own uses
 Stilt housesor wooden lake rooms built on stilts nailed to the bottom of a
lake or marshy area. The most notable stilt houses, due to their size and
number, have been found in the lakes ofSwitzerland, covering in that
ofGenevaan area of 150,000 square meters. OnSpain, remains of such
houses have been found in the vicinity ofBetanzosand in other localities
ofGalicia, as well as in the vicinity
ofOlot(Gerona),BolbaiteandChella(Valencia). This type of housing is
attributed to the Neolithic era and was intended to defend against wild
animals.
 Crannógs, typical ofIreland, lake habitats like islets, without letting the
water pass under them
 Terramares, discovered inItaly, wooden and clay huts in swampy places.
With these constructions that are related to the whereabouts
orkiokenmodingos(Danish voice that means remains of home) that are
mounds made up of deposits of shells, ash remains,Coal, bones, stones
and fragments ofceramicstosca, very abundant inDenmark, also found in
other regions
The funerary architecture includes burial mounds, sometimes astronomically
oriented to the winter solstice, as is the case ofCastillejo del Bonete(Terrinches,
Ciudad Real).
2.2.2. Antiquity
As human communities evolved and increased, pressured by constant war
threats, the first architectural modality to develop was essentially themilitary.
During this period, the first cities emerged whose configuration was limited by
the existence of walls and by the protection of external threats.
The second typology developed was medieval architecture. Humanity was
confronted with a world populated by living gods, geniuses and demons: a world
that did not yet know any scientific objectivity. The way in which individuals
dealt with the transformation of their immediate environment was by then
heavily influenced by religious beliefs. Many aspects of daily life were based on
respect or worship of the divine and the supernatural.
Divine power, therefore, was equivalent to (or even exceeded) secular power,
making the main buildings within cities to be palaces and temples. This
importance of the buildings meant that the figure of the architect was associated

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with the priests (as in ancient Egypt) or with the rulers themselves and that the
execution was accompanied by various rituals that symbolized man's contact
with the divine.
The cities marked an interruption of the wild nature, they were considered a
sacred space in the middle of the natural space. In the same way, the temples
within the cities marked the life of the gods in the midst of the human
environment.
The infrastructure needs of those first cities also made technical progress in
engineering works necessary.
2.2.3. Divisions

 Mesopotamian / Sumerian architecture

 Egyptian architecture
 Assyrian architecture
 Babylonian / Chaldean architecture
 Etruscan architecture
 Minoan architecture
 Mycenaean architecture
 Aegean architecture
 Medo-Persian architecture
 Mesoamerican architecture

 Inca architecture
 Chaldean architecture
 Early Christian architecture
 Aegean architecture

2.2.4. Middle Ages

Medieval architecture is a historiographic expression that encompasses the
architectural production of medieval art. Mainly three styles developed in the
architecture of the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, which was influenced
throughout the period, the Romanesque between the 11th and 12th centuries,
and the Gothic style between the 12th and 15th centuries.
The main events that influenced medieval architectural production were the
rarefied life in the cities (with the consequent ruralization and feudalizationof
Europe) and hegemony in all orders of the Catholic Church. As secular power
was submitted to papal power, it became the Church that provided the capital
necessary for the development of great architectural works. The technology of
the period was developed mainly in the construction of cathedrals, with
architectural knowledge being under the control of the guilds.

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During practically the entire medieval period, the figure of the architect (as a
solitary creator of architectural space and construction) did not exist. The
construction of the cathedrals, the main constructive effort of the time, is
accompanied by the entire population and is inserted into the life of the
community around it. Constructive knowledge is kept by the guilds, which
brought together dozens of teachers and workers (the architects in fact) who
conducted the execution of the works but also elaborated them. It is the origin of
the associations that will end up being known as Freemasonry (Mason =
bricklayer).
Christianity defined a new vision of the world, which not only subjected human
desires to divine designs, but also expected the individual to seek the divine. At
first, and due to technical limitations, the conception of the architectural space
of the temples turns inward, along an axis that encourages meditation. Later,
with the development of Gothic architecture, one seeks to reach the heavens
through the induction of perspective upwards.

2.2.5. Modern age

With the end of the Middle Ages, the European power structure was radically
modified. Nation states begin to emerge and, despite the still strong influence of
the Catholic Church, secular power returns to power, especially with the
recurring crises of the Protestant Reformation.
The renaissance opened the modern age, rejecting medieval aesthetics and
culture and proposing a new position of man before the universe:
anthropocentrism versus medieval theocentrism. Ancient Roman architectural
treatises are rediscovered by the new architects, deeply influencing the new
architecture. The relative freedom of scientific research that was obtained led to
the advancement of construction techniques, allowing new experiences and the
conception of new spaces.
Some Italian regions, especially Florence, due to the control of the trade routes
that led to Constantinople, became great world powers and it was there that the
conditions for the creation of Renaissance art developed.
2.2.6. Renaissance
Renaissance architectureor Renaissance is that designed and built during the
artistic period of theRenaissanceEuropean, spanning the centuries XVandXVI. It
is characterized by being a moment of rupture in the history of architecture,
especially with respect to the previous architectural style:the gothic; while, on
the contrary, he seeks his inspiration in his own interpretation of theclassical art,
in particular in itsarchitectural aspect, which was considered the perfect model
offine arts.
It produced innovations in different spheres: both in the means of
productionconstruction techniquesandconstruction materials as in the

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architectural language, which were reflected in an adequate and complete
theorization.
Another of the notes that characterizes this movement is the new attitude of
thearchitects, who went from the anonymity of thecraftsmanto a new conception
ofprofessionalism, marking their personal style in each work: they considered
themselves, and they ended up getting that social consideration,
asartistsinterdisciplinary and humanistic, as corresponded to the integral
conception of therenaissance humanism.
We know little about the Romanesque master builders and the daring architects
of the great Gothic cathedrals; while not only the great Renaissance works, but
many small buildings or even mere projects, were carefully documented from
their origins, and the object of study by contemporary writers.
The Renaissance spirit evokes the intrinsic qualities of thehuman being.
Theidea of progressscientific, spiritual, social man becomes an important
objective for the period. Theclassical antiquityrediscovered and
thehumanismthey emerge as a guide for the new vision of the world that
manifests itself in the artists of the period.
Renaissance culture is multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary. What matters to
Renaissance man is the cult ofknowledgeYet thereason, there being for him no
separation between theSciencesand theArts. Such culture proved a fertile field
for the development of architecture.
Renaissance architecture was shownclassical, but it was not intended to
beneoclassical. With the discovery of the ancient incomplete treatises of
classical architecture among which the most important wasBy
architecturafromVitruvian, basis for the treatyOf re aedificatoriaof Alberti, a new
interpretation of that architecture and its application to the new times were given
scope. Knowledge obtained during the medieval period such as the control of
the differentdomesandretching they were applied in new ways, incorporating
elements of classical language.
The discovery of theperspectiveis an important aspect to understand the period
especially theConical perspective: the idea ofinfiniterelated to the concept
ofvanishing Point, was widely used as a scenic tool in the spatial conception of
those architects. The perspective represented a new way of understanding
space as something universal, understandable and controllable through reason.
TheHe drewbecame the main means ofdesignAnd this is how the figure of the
singular architect arises different from the collective conception of the medieval
master builders. New methods of designing projects influenced the spatial
conception of buildings, in the sense that visual perceptions could be controlled
and emphasized from specific points of view.

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 Being able to faithfully represent reality through perspective was not limited to
only describing known experiences, but also anticipating them, making it
possible to project images with realistic characteristics.
Leading architects of the Renaissance
includeVignola,Alberti,BrunelleschiandMiguel Angel.
2.2.7. Contemporary age
The architecture that arises with theContemporary agewill go, to a greater or
lesser degree, to reflect the technological advances and the sociocultural
paradoxes generated by the advent of theIndustrial Revolution. Cities start to
grow in a previously unknown way and new social demands regarding the
control of urban space must be responded to by the State, which will eventually
lead to the emergence of thetown planning as an academic discipline.
The role of architecture (and of the architect) will be constantly questioned and
new paradigms emerge: some critics allege that a crisis arises in architectural
production that permeates the entire world.XIX centuryand it will only be
resolved with the arrival of themodern architecture.
2.2.8. XIX century
The entire 19th century will witness a series of aesthetic crises that are
translated into the movements calledhistoricistsEither because of the fact that
technological innovations did not find an adequate formal manifestation in that
contemporaneity, or for various cultural reasons and specific contexts, the
architects of the period saw in the copy of the architecture of the past and in the
study of itscanonsand treated a legitimate aesthetic language.
The first of these movements was the aforementioned Neoclassical, but it will
also manifest itself in theneo-gothic architectureEnglish, deeply associated with
the idealsromanticnationalists. Historicist efforts that took place primarily
inGermany,FranceandEngland For ideological reasons, they would later
become a mere set of diverse formal and typological repertoires, which would
evolve towards the Eclecticism, considered by many as the most decadent and
formalist among all the historicist styles.
3. ARCHITECTURE IN BOLIVIA.

Bolivia is a geographically and socially diverse country, and this is reflected in

its architecture. In the Andean areas of Bolivia there are many stone buildings,
while in the Amazon area wood from the jungle is used for the construction of
buildings. Large cities like Sucre and La Paz have followed the architectural
models of Europe and North America, with their skyscrapers and modern
buildings.

In recent years, migration from rural to urban areas has increased, giving way to
the construction of more tall buildings in Bolivian cities. In many towns and

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cities, everything is built around the main square, which is another example of
how Bolivia has followed the urbanization model of Europe.

Like Bolivian art, the fusion of colonial styles brought by the Spanish with the
style of the Bolivians, has created a unique style called Mestizo Baroque. Many
of the churches incorporate symbols of the indigenous culture of Bolivia and
images of its flora and fauna in their design. Among the most famous Bolivian
architects, Emilio Villanueva Peñaranda stands out, the designer of many
important buildings in La Paz.

Many Bolivian buildings have been designed taking into account their function,
their surroundings, the resources available for their construction and the people
who would use them. There are remains of Inca architecture in Bolivia that are
popular attractions, and a great deal of colonial architecture has also been
preserved, especially in Sucre.

3.2. TYPES OF ARCHITECTURE IN BOLIVIA.

3.2.1. Colonial architecture

In Bolivia, colonial architecture begins to develop in Potosí and Chuquisaca,

with influences from the mestizo baroque. Later, it maintains its structure and is
transformed into republican architecture. What do you see? Stone, patios,
balconies, heavy wood and covers with period designs.

At present, they are constructions that have transcended and, therefore, carry a
lot of history. Most of those that remain intact are architectural and cultural
heritage, such as the famous Casa de la Moneda in Potosí, the National
Museum of Art in La Paz, the Convent of Santa Teresa in Cochabamba and, of
course, the Jesuit influence. in Santa Cruz.

Many of the colonial-style houses have been replaced by modern constructions

for commercial or housing purposes; however, especially in city centers, the
facades are still preserved. In particular cases, there are still houses with
characteristics typical of colonialism.

3.2.2. Modern architecture

Modern architecture in Bolivia is diverse - it responds to different external

elements, popular trends and international influences - so a constant and pure
line cannot be defined. Compared to other styles of architecture, it is
characterized by being simple and having the ability to adapt to its environment.

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The departmental contexts in the country differ from each other, whether due to
climate, lifestyle or customs. Because of this, the infrastructures are also
different depending on the region. For example, in hot climates like in the East,
houses or buildings are given the freedom to prioritize open spaces, wide
windows, etc. While in the Andean region, they seek to accentuate the view
offered by the landscapes and concentrate the sunlight to create warm
environments.

3.2.3. Andean Architecture

For a long time, the idea that Bolivia, despite all the architectural influence that it
has received –baroque, Jesuit, neoclassical, etc.-, did not have its own style,
although it does claim to find its own. identity. Architecture is a reflection of the
natural and traditional wealth of a country, and Bolivia enjoys both.

In the face of so much tradition and culture, with novel and current adaptations,
a proposal arises that gives way to a new, original style: Andean architecture.
Type of architecture, daughter of Freddy Mamani, that goes beyond all
traditional schemes, and stands out with lucid colors and unique designs.

They are buildings, built in the city of El Alto - La Paz, that are characterized by
their functionality and that rise in levels: ground floor floors to cover commercial
needs and a last floor that indicates the economic success of the owner. The
result is an infrastructure that concentrates shopping centers, party halls and a
house with a garden and a panoramic view.

Although it is a style that responds mainly to the Aymara community, it is the

beginning of a new vision that can expand, adapt and establish itself in all
regions of the country. How do you imagine the next Bolivian architectural
project?

3.2.4. Minimalist architecture

Minimalism is one of the most important and influential movements of the 20th
century that emerged in the 1960s. It adds to modernism a new way of
experiencing and perceiving art. Among other things, it explores the essence of
objects and ignores any emotional or personal influences attributed to them;
objects and shapes are what they are.

P. 15
Minimalist architecture is characterized by being objective, geometric and literal.
His style embraces simplicity, monochromatic colors, balanced planes,
unsaturated, free and airy spaces. It is a type of current that integrates straight
walls and large windows to create comfortable and functional spaces.

In Bolivia, more and more people choose to integrate simplicity into their homes
and still manage to create a homely and pleasant environment. In the eastern
region, it turns out to be an attractive option. Santa Cruz, due to its climate,
needs infrastructures with large and spacious rooms, which is why this type of
house is ideal.

3.2.5. Smart architecture

Technology has undoubtedly invaded our lives. It offers us a world of

possibilities, it offers us comfort, solutions ... it simplifies our lives; However, it
keeps us within a virtual world. Where is organic enjoyment, being in contact
with our natural and artistic environment?

The new universal innovations plus the evident economic growth of the country
have given way to a proposal that merges technology, nature, art and, of
course, architecture. In this sense, a more practical and integral concept
prevails in new houses and buildings.

It goes beyond what a traditional home implies, which opens the possibility of
creating environments that value leisure, contact with nature, the use of
ecological materials and the use of the environment. It gives the possibility to
enjoy everything: city life with a rural touch. In La Paz, for example, there is
already talk of buildings with internal gardens and high-quality technological
systems.

4. ARCHITECTURE AS AREAS.

4.1. Computer Architecture

Within the field of Computer Science, the concept of architecture is related to
the logical and physical arrangement of the components of a computer. Thus, it
can refer to the design, both conceptual and operational, of a computer,
especially when it is associated with the operation of the central processing unit
or CPU (central for its acronym in English). On the other hand, architecture is
also called all that design, structure and operation that constitutes a software
system.
4.2. Sustainable architecture

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Sustainable or sustainable architecture is one whose architectural design
seeks, fundamentally, to reduce the environmental impact on the environment
of the building, as well as its sustainability over time. To do this, it optimizes the
use of natural resources, both for its construction and for its habitability.
Sustainable architecture contemplates, in this sense, aspects such as the
climatic and environmental conditions of the place where it is built, as well as
the reduction of energy consumption through the use of natural resources that
can favor heating, cooling and lighting.
4.3. Bioclimatic architecture
Bioclimatic architecture is designated as one that focuses on devising,
designing and constructing buildings taking into account environmental
conditions and making use of available natural resources, such as sunlight,
vegetation, rain and winds, both for their construction and for their habitability.
In this sense, bioclimatic architecture aims to make an efficient consumption of
natural resources in order to minimize the environmental impact and the use of
non-renewable energy sources.
4.4. Organic architecture
As organic architecture, it is called that which is characterized by being
governed by the principles of functionality and the harmonization and integration
of the building with the natural environment in which it stands.

5. QUALITIES TO BE AN ARCHITECT.
A good architect must have good skills in the conception of space. An architect
should have these skills:

 Skill for manual work

 Ease of freehand drawing
 Basic knowledge of physics and mathematics
 Observation capacity
 Capacities for graphic, oral and written communication
 Capacity for analysis and synthesis
 Interest in the humanities (art, culture, sociology, psychology)
 Ability to build three-dimensional objects with materials such as
cardboard, paper, bags, etc.
 Mastery of organization and order
6. SUBJECTS SEEN IN THE ARCHITECTURE CAREER.

 Architectural Drawing.
 Descriptive geometry.

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  Construction systems.
 Basic and Special Facilities.
 Town planning.
 Construction materials.
 Material resistance.
 Concrete and Steel Construction Workshops.

7. WHAT THE ARCHITECTURE CAREER IS USED FOR

The Architecture career integrates knowledge of art, design, engineering,

landscaping, urban planning and more. It is a creative career, which teaches
you to design spaces optimizing resources and seeking the well-being of the
people who will inhabit them.

Architecture is, in essence, the art and technique of projecting and designing
buildings, spaces and structures, focusing on the design, creation, improvement
and restoration of physical spaces based on the needs of the human being.

Architects are people capable of observing details and have great abilities to
appreciate nature and the relationship and integration of objects created by
humans with that natural environment. They can also understand how spaces
allow human beings to interact in different ways.

By studying Architecture you will become a professional capable of designing,

transforming and improving all types of buildings and public and private urban
spaces.

The career links design with technology and construction management, which
ensures a professional and comprehensive profile.

The training given emphasizes responsibility with the urban ecosystem and the
use of renewable energy sources.

Likewise, the permanent updating of knowledge in the area of construction,

facilities and structures reveals the commitment that the career has with the
advances in architecture worldwide.

Computer-aided design is integrated from the beginning of the training process,

allowing you to achieve a professional representation and realistic visions of

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your projects. With digital representations that will give you competitive
advantages at a national and international level.

The architecture career serves to build and design different types of house, as
technology advanced the designs and houses in the same way evolved and
continue to evolve in that case architects also have a future evolving
architecture since it is a change in daily life.

8. UNIVERSITIES FOR THE ARCHITECTURE CAREER IN BOLIVIA.

 Bachelor of Architecture-Bolivian Private University

 Bachelor of Architecture -Private University of Santa Cruz de la Sierra
 Bachelor of Architecture and Urbanism-Private University of the Valley
 Bachelor of Architecture and Urbanism-Technical University of Oruro
 Bachelor of Architecture-University of Aquino Bolivia
 Bachelor of Architecture-Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University
 Bachelor of Architecture-Our Lady of Peace University
 Bachelor of Architecture-University of Concepción del Uruguay
 Bachelor of Architecture-Pilot university of colombia
 Bachelor of Architecture-National University of Cuyo
 Bachelor of Architecture-Argentine University of Business
 Bachelor of Architecture – Universidad Mayor de San Andrés UMSA

9. YEARS AND PREPARATION FOR THE ARCHITECTURE CAREER:

9.1. First year

 TP-101 Project Workshop I

 DC-101 Theory and Morphology I
 DC-102 Representation and Expression I
 UT-101 Introduction to the History of Architecture
 UT-102 Research Theory, Methods and Techniques
 ED-101 Buildings I
 ED-102 Environmental Conditions in Architecture
 ED-103 Mathematical Reasoning

9.2. Second year

 TP-202 Project Workshop II

 DC-201 Morphology Theory II
 DC-202 Representation and Expression II
 UT-201 History of Architecture II

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  UT-202 Urbanism and Territory I
 ED-201 Buildings II
 ED-202 Facilities Design
 ED-203 Typology of Structures

9.3. Third year

 TP-302 Project Workshop III

 DC-301 Theory and Morphology
 DC-302 Representation and Expression III
 UT-301 History of Architecture
 UT-302 Urbanism and territory
 ED-301 Buildings III
 ED-302 Special Installations
 ED-303 Structural Analysis I

9.4. Fourth year

 TP-402 Project Workshop IV

 DC-401 Theory and Morphology IV
 UT-401 History of Architecture III
 UT-402 Territory III Urbanism
 ED-401 Buildings IV
 ED-402 Analysis IV
 ED-403 Structural Analysis III

9.5. Fifth year

 TP-502 Degree Workshop

 Specialized Seminars

The years of the career are always depending on the university in other
universities they are from 4 to 6 years it also depends on the specialties.

P. 20
10. Conclusion.

This work was carried out to be able to know and give knowledge to the
architecture career to the students of the Technical Humanistic Educational Unit
Republic of France, with the different specialties and skills that must be had to
enter, thanks to this career to be able to build varieties of home , buildings or
places where human beings can live, I want to study this career to be able to
take architecture further because we can not only build houses or places, but
also many other things since houses have always been square, that is why I
want to carry out my architect career.

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11. Bibliography.

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquitectura

https://scholar.google.com.bo/scholar?q=HISTORY+
OF+LA+ARQUITECTURA&hl=es&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart

https://www.arquba.com/monografias-de-arquitectura/antendices-
arquitectonicos/

https://www.arkiplus.com/arquitectura-antigua/#:~:text=El%20t
%C3%A9rmino%20%E2%80%9Carquitectura%20antigua%E2%80%9D
%20se,1er%20milenio% 20before% 20of% 20Christ.

https://blog.ultracasas.com/estilos-casas-bolivia/#:~:text=En%20Bolivia
%2C%20la%20arquitectura%20colonial,se%20transforma%20en
%20arquitectura%20republicana.

https://www.euroinnova.edu.es/blog/carreras-relacionadas-con-
arquitectura

https://www.uax.com/blog/arquitectura/requisitos-para-estudiar-arquitectura

https://fa.ort.edu.uy/carrera-de-arquitectura/por-que-estudiar-
arquitectura#:~:text=La%20carrera%20de%20Arquitectura%20integra,%2C
%20paisajismo%2C%20urbanismo% 20y% 20m% C3% A1s. & Text = Al%
20studying% 20la% 20carrera% 20de,% 20urban spaces% 20p% C3%
BAblicos% 20y% 20private.

https://utb.edu.bo/

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https://unifranz.edu.bo/landings/estudiar-arquitectura/

https://www.universidadesonline.com.bo/licenciatura-en-arquitectura/articulo-
mejores-universidades-para-estudiar-arquitectura

ANNEXES

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