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LEA 4 – LAW ENFORCEMENT OPERATIONS & PLANNING WITH CRIME MAPPING (OBE-CMO 5, S2018)
PRELIM COVERAGE – WEEK 2

CHAPTER 2

TYPES OF PLANS, CLASSIFICATION AND KINDS OF POLICE PLANS

1. What is Incremental Planning?

Incrementalism concludes that long range and comprehensive planning are not only too difficult, but inherently bad.
The problems are seen as too difficult when they are grouped together and easier to solve when they are taken one
at a time and broken down into gradual adjustments over time.What is Transactive Planning?Transactive planning is
carried out in face-to-face interaction with the people who are to be affected by the plan and not to an anonymous
target community of beneficiaries. Techniques include field surveys and interpersonal dialogue marked by a process
of mutual learning.

2. What is Advocacy Planning?

Beneficial aspects of this approach include a greater sensitivity to the unintended and negative side effects of
plans.What is Radical Planning?The first mainstream involves collective actions to achieve concrete results in the
immediate future. The second mainstream is critical of large-scale social processes and how they permeate the
character of social and economic life at all levels, which, in turn, determine the structure and evolution of social
problems.

3. CONSIDERATIONS IN POLICE PLANNING

Primary DoctrinesFundamental Doctrines – These are the basic principles in planning, organization and
management of the PNP in support of the overall pursuits of the PNP Vision, Mission and strategic action plan of the
attainment of the national objectives.Operational Doctrines – These are the principles and rules governing the
planning, organization and direction and employment of the PNP forces in the accomplishment of basic security
operational mission in the maintenance of peace and order, crime prevention and suppression, internal security and
public safety operation.Functional Doctrines – These provide guidance for specialized activities of the PNP in the
broad field of interest such as personnel, intelligence, operations, logistics, planning, etc.

4. The Principles of Police Organization

Secondary DoctrinesComplimentary Doctrines – Formulated jointly by two or more bureaus in order to effect a
certain operation with regard to public safety and peace and order. These essentially involve the participation of the
other bureaus of the Bureau of Jail and Management and Penology (BJMP), Bureau of Fire and Protection (BFP),
Philippine National Public Safety College (PPSC), National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) and other law enforcement
agencies.Ethical Doctrines – These define the fundamental principles governing the rules of conduct, attitude,
behavior and ethical norm of the PNP.The Principles of Police OrganizationThe principles of organization are
presented in chapter three. These principles are considered in police planning in order not to violate them but rather
for the effective and efficient development of police plans.

5. The Four (4) Primal Conditions of the Police Organization

Authority – The right to exercise, to decide, and to command by virtue of rank and position. Doctrine – It provides for
the organizations objectives. It provides the various actions. Hence, policies, procedures, rules and regulations of
the organization are based on the statement of doctrines.Cooperation or CoordinationDiscipline – It is imposed by
command or self-restraint to insure supportive behavior.

6. Classifications of Police Plan

According to coverage: Police Plans could be Local Plans (within police precincts, sub-stations, and stations),
Regional Plans, and National Plans.According to Time: Police Plans are classified as:Strategic or Long Range Plan
– It relates to plan which are strategic or long range in application and it determine the organization’s original goals
and strategy.Example: Police Action Plan on the Strategy DREAMS and Program P-O-L-I-C-E 2000, Three Point
Agenda, and GLORIA (These are discussed on the latter part of this Chapter).

7. Intermediate or Medium Range Planning – It relates to plans, which determine quantity and quality efforts and
accomplishments. It refers to the process of determining the contribution on efforts that can make or provide with
allocated resources.Example: Masters Plans:Master Plan Sandigan-Milenyo (Anti-Crime Master Plan)Master Plan
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Sandugo (Support to Internal Security Operations Master Plan)Master Plan Banat (Anti-Illegal Drugs Master
Plan)Master Plan Sang-ingat (Security Operations Master Plan)Master Plan Saklolo (Disaster Management Master
Plan)Sangyaman (Protection and Preservtion of Environment, Cultural Properties, and Natural resources Master
Plan)

8. Operational or Short Range Planning – Refers to the productions of plans, which determine the schedule of
special activity and are applicable from one week or less than year duration. Plan that addresses immediate need
which are specific and how it can be accomplished on time with available allocated resources.Examples of
OPLANSOplan Jumbo – Aviation Security Group Strategic Plan against terrorist attacksOplan Salikop – Criminal
Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG) Strategic Plan against Organized Crime GroupsLOI PAGPAPALA is the
entry point in the conceptualization of the PNP Pastoral Program for the next five years with a Total Human
Development Approach (THD Approach).The TMG through its “OPLAN DISIPLINA” that resulted in the
apprehension of 110,975 persons, the confiscation of 470 unlawfully attached gadgets to vehicles, and rendering
various forms of motorists’ assistance.OPLAN BANTAY DALAMPASIGAN that sets forth the operational guidelines
on the heightened security measures and sea borne security patrols.

9. Factors affecting Police Planning

Condition – a consideration of political atmosphere, public opinion; ideological aspirations; peace and order;
national/community ethics, behavior and discipline in the area where the plan will be implemented.Time – It is the
period available to establish plan before putting it into effort. Consider the time of execution/implementation, the time
interval and time allowed for the revisions and modifications of plan.Resources Available – Allocation of manpower,
money and materialsSkills and Attitudes of Management – Refers to the level of experiences of the personnel who
are involved in the preparation of the plan and those who will execute the plan. Applicability of good management
principles shall be exploited.Social and Political Environment – Refers to social and political practices, which will be
affected b the plan or plan affecting these practices, beliefs and norms of society.Physical Facilities – Refers to
machinery, instrument or tools in the attainment of the goals of the plan. A certain system or structural designs in
order to meet expected results.Collection and Analysis of Data – Ready sources and basis of good decision-making
by the makers of the plan may be properly obtain through research and other means of information gathering
techniques.

10. Parts of a Police Operational Plan

Security ClassificationNumber of Copies and PagesName of HeadquartersPlan Title or NameReference – The
source of authority in formulating a plan is based on:Organizational Policy or GuidelinesOrders of Superior Officers
or AuthoritiesDocuments, maps, books, etc.Situation – General Situation and Specific Situation

11. MissionTask AllocationCoordinating Instructions – Refers to the manner of giving alarm or signal when
encountering such problems which needs immediate actionCommand – Refers to the relationship between
operating personnel or units with that of Police Headquarters; who to summon for assistance.Signal – Defines
communication network, which is to be used during a particular operation like using passwords.SignatureDistribution
– Refers to what unit will be given copies of the plan. For instance, A – All units, B – Selected units, C – Very
selected, and D – Only 1 unit

12. TYPES OF PLAN in general

Reactive Plans are developed as a result of crisis. A particular problem may occur for which the department has no
plan and must quickly develop one, sometimes without careful preparation.Proactive Plans are developed in
anticipation of problems. Although not all police problems are predictable, many are, and it is possible for a police
department to prepare a response in advance.Visionary Plans are essential statements that identify the role of the
police in the community and the future condition or state to which the department can aspire. A vision may also
include a statement of values to be used to guide the decision making process in the department.

13 Strategic Plans are designed to meet the long-range, overall goals of the organization. Such plans allow the
department to adapt anticipated changes or develop a new philosophy or model of policing (e.g. community
policing). One of the most important aspects of strategic planning is to focus on external environmental factors that
affect the goals and objectives of the department and how they will be achieved. Important environmental factors
include personnel needs, population trends, technological innovations, business trends and demand, crime
problems, and community attitudes.Operational Plans are designed to meet the specific tasks requires to implement
strategic plans. There are four types of operational plan:
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14. Standing Plans provide the basic framework for responding to organizational problems. The organizational
vision and values, strategic statement, policies, procedures, and rules and regulations are examples of standing
plans. Standing plans also include guidelines for responding to different types of incidents; for example, a civil
disturbance, hostage situation, crime in progress, and felony car stops.Functional Plans include the framework for
the operation of the major functional units in the organization, such as patrol and investigations. It also includes the
design of the structure, how different functions and units are to relate and coordinate activities, and how resources
are to be allocated.

15. Operational-efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity plans are essentially the measures or comparisons to be
used to assess police activities and behavior (outputs) and results (outcomes). If one of the goals of the police
department is to reduce the crime rate, any change that occurs can be compared to past crime rates in the same
community or crime in other communities, a state, or the nation. If the crime rates were reduced while holding or
reducing costs, it would reflect an improvement not only in effectiveness but also in departmental productivity.Time-
specific Plans are concerned with specific purpose and conclude when an objective is accomplished or a problem is
solved. Specific police programs or projects such as drug crackdown, crime prevention program, and neighborhood
clean-up campaign are good examples of time-specific plans.

16. KINDS OF POLICE PLANSPolicy and Procedural Plans – to properly achieve the administrative planning
responsibility within in the unit, the Commander shall develop unit plans relating to: (a) policies or procedure; (b)
tactics; (c) operations; (d) extra-office activities; and (e) management.Further, standard-operating procedures shall
be planned to guide members in routine and field operations and in some special operations in accordance with the
following procedures:Field Procedure – Procedures intended to be used in all situations of all kinds shall be outlined
as a guide to officers and men in the field. Examples o these procedures are those related to reporting, to
dispatching, to raids, arrest, stopping suspicious persons, receiving complaints, touring beats, and investigation of
crimes. The use of physical force and clubs, restraining devices, firearms, tear gas and the like shall, in dealing with
groups or individuals, shall also be outlined.

17. Headquarters Procedures – Included in these procedures are the duties of the dispatcher, jailer, matron, and
other personnel concerned which may be reflected in the duty manual. Procedures that involve coordinated action
on activity of several offices, however, shall be established separately as in the case of using telephone for local or
long distance calls, the radio teletype, and other similar devices.Special Operation Procedures – Certain special
operations also necessitate the preparation of procedures as guides. Included are the operation of the special unit
charged with the searching and preservation of physical evidence at the crime scenes and accidents, the control o
licenses, dissemination of information about wanted persons, inspection of the PNP headquarters, and the like.

18. Tactical Plans – These are the procedures for coping with specific situations at known locations. Included in this
category are plans for dealing with an attack against buildings with alarm systems and an attack against the PNP
headquarters by lawless elements. Plans shall be likewise be made for blockade and jail emergencies and for
special community events, such as longer public meetings, athletic contests, parades, religious activities, carnivals,
strikes, demonstrations, and other street affairs.Operational Plans – these are plans for the operations of special
divisions like the patrol, detective, traffic, fire and juvenile divisions. Operational plans shall be prepared to
accomplish each of the primary police tasks. For example, patrol activities must be planned, the force must be
distributed among the shifts and territorially among beats, in proportion to the needs of the service, and special
details must be planned to meet unexpected needs. Likewise in the crime prevention and in traffic, juvenile and

19. vice control, campaigns must be planned and assignments made to assure the accomplishment of the police
purpose in meeting both average and regular needs. Each division or unit has primary responsibility to plan
operations in its field and also to execute the plans, either by its own personnel or, as staff agency, by utilizing
members of the other divisions.Plans for operations of special division consist of two types, namely: (1) those
designed to meet everyday, year-around needs, which are the regular operating program of the divisions; and (2)
those designed to meet usual needs, the result of intermittent and usually unexpected variations in activities that
demand their attention.

20. Regular Operating Programs – these operating division/units shall have specific plans to meet current needs.
The manpower shall be distributed throughout the area of jurisdiction in proportion to need. Assignments schedules
shall be prepared that integrate such factors as relief days, lunch periods, hours, nature, and location of regular
work. Plans shall assure suitable supervision, which become difficult when the regular assignment is integrated to
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deal with this short time periodic needs.Meeting usual needs – the usual needs may arise in any field of police
activity and nearly always met in the detective, vise and juvenile division by temporary readjustment of regular
assignment.

21. Extra-office Plans – the active interest and the participation of individual citizen is also a vital to the success of
the PNP programs that the PNP shall continuously seek to motivate, promote and maintain an active public concern
in its affairs. These are plans made to organize the community to assist in the accomplishment of objectives in the
fields of traffic control, organize crime, and juvenile delinquency prevention. The organization may be called safety
councils for crime commissions and community councils for the delinquency prevention. They shall assist in
coordinating community effort, in promoting public support, and in combating organized crime. Organization and
operating plans for civil defense shall also be prepared or used in case of emergency or war in coordination with the
office of the Civil Defense.

22. Management Plans – Plans of management shall map out in advance all operations involved in the organization
management of personnel and material and in procurement and disbursement of money, such as the
following:Budget Planning – present and future money needs for personal, equipment and capital investments must
be estimated. Plans for supporting budget request must be made if needed appropriations are to be
obtained.Accounting Procedures – procedures shall be established and expenditure reports be provided to assist in
making administrative decisions and holding expenditures within the appropriations.Specifications and Purchasing
Procedures – Specifications shall be drawn for equipment and supplies. Purchasing procedures shall likewise be
established to

23. insure the checking of deliveries against specification of orders

insure the checking of deliveries against specification of orders. Plans and specifications shall be drafted for new
building and for modeling old ones.Personnel – procedures shall be established to assure the carrying out of
personnel programs and the allocation of personnel among the component organization units in proportions
need.Organization – a basic organization plan of the command/unit shall be made and be posted for the guidance of
the force. For the organization to be meaningful, it shall be accompanied by the duty manual which shall define
relationships between the component units in terms of specific responsibilities. The duty manual incorporates rules
and regulations and shall contain the following: definition of terms, organization of rank, and the like, provided the
same shall not be in conflict with this manual.