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    Water and Wastewater Treatment: CEGE0022

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    The document provides information about a course on water and wastewater treatment including the objective, learning outcomes, required textbook, and assessment. The objective is to provide understanding of drinking water and wastewater treatment technologies and processes. Learning outcomes include understanding treatment aims and standards, and being able to design basic treatment processes. Students will be assessed through an open book exam and laboratory report.

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    Water and Wastewater Treatment: CEGE0022

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    The document provides information about a course on water and wastewater treatment including the objective, learning outcomes, required textbook, and assessment. The objective is to provide understanding of drinking water and wastewater treatment technologies and processes. Learning outcomes include understanding treatment aims and standards, and being able to design basic treatment processes. Students will be assessed through an open book exam and laboratory report.

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    The document provides information about a course on water and wastewater treatment including the objective, learning outcomes, required textbook, and assessment. The objective is to provide understanding of drinking water and wastewater treatment technologies and processes. Learning outcomes include understanding treatment aims and standards, and being able to design basic treatment processes. Students will be assessed through an open book exam and laboratory report.

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    74 views22 pages

    Water and Wastewater Treatment: CEGE0022

    Uploaded by

    abdul5721
    The document provides information about a course on water and wastewater treatment including the objective, learning outcomes, required textbook, and assessment. The objective is to provide understanding of drinking water and wastewater treatment technologies and processes. Learning outcomes include understanding treatment aims and standards, and being able to design basic treatment processes. Students will be assessed through an open book exam and laboratory report.

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    DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL and GEOMATIC ENGINEERING

    WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT


    CEGE0022

    DR LUIZA CINTRA CAMPOS


    Objective of the Course

    Provide a basic description and understanding of the main


    technologies and processes for drinking water and wastewater
    treatment.

    2
    Learning Outcomes

    • To understand the aims of water and wastewater treatment


    • To understand the importance of drinking water and discharge
    standards
    • To be able to identify and explain the main physical, chemical and
    biological processes for water and wastewater treatment
    • To be able to explain and use the main design criteria for water and
    wastewater treatment processes
    • To be able to design basic treatment processes
    • To be able to combine the different processes appropriately
    • To be able to develop treatment plant layouts

    3
    Text Book

    Reynolds, T.D. and Richards, P.A. Unit Operations and Processes in


    Environmental Engineering, 2nd ed., Boston; London: PWS Pub. Co, 1996,
    798p.

    11 hard copies in the UCL Library, being 1 copy for short loan

    E-copy of an old version in this link:

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Arif_Reza/post/Can_somebody_sugge
    st_some_good_books_on_Unit_Processes_and_Operations_in_Environme
    ntal_Engineering/attachment/59d61ddb79197b807797b0b0/AS%3A273728
    934481920%401442273471331/download/1995_Unit+Operations+and+Pro
    cesses+in+Environmental+Engineering_Second+Edition.pdf

    4
    Assessment

    • Open Book Exam (80%)


    – 5 questions
    – Answer 5
    – Exam content: all lectures
    – April/May (centrally managed)
    • Coursework (20%)
    – 1 individual laboratory report set on week 9
    – Submission on week 12
    – Feedback within 4 weeks

    5
    Introduction to Water and Wastewater
    Treatment

    6
    What is water pollution?

    blog.lakos.com
    Any chemical, biological,
    or physical change in
    water quality that has a
    harmful effect on living
    organisms or makes
    water unsuitable for
    desired usage.

    labsaints.com
    7
    What is water pollution?
    Infectious Agents: bacteria and viruses often from
    animal wastes

    Oxygen Demanding Wastes: organic waste that


    needs oxygen, often from animal waste, paper
    mills and food processing.

    Inorganic Chemicals: Acids and toxic chemicals


    often from runoff, industries and household
    cleaners
    What is water pollution?
    Organic Chemicals: oil, gasoline, plastics, detergents often from surface runoff,
    industries and cleaners, pesticides from agriculture; pharmaceutical and personal
    care products, degradation products.

    Plant Nutrients: water soluble nitrates, ammonia and phosphates often from
    sewage, agriculture and urban fertilizers

    Sediments: soils and silts from land erosion can disrupt photosynthesis, destroy
    spawning grounds, clog rivers and streams

    Heat Pollution and Radioactivity: mostly from powerplants


    Aim of Drinking Water Treatment
    • Aim to produce Potable water
    • Need to remove
    – Suspended solids
    – Pathogens
    – Dissolved solids/gases

    Photos taken froom Google images:


    Conceptual relation between socio-economic level
    and water treatment objectives

    Source: IRC & Cinara (1998)

    Reduce initially the acute health risks, often of microbiological nature, and later
    the chronic health risks, usually of physical, chemical origin.
    Drinking Water

    Without pathogens Concentration of organic and


    inorganic compounds must not be
    harmful to human beings

    Legal standards for drinking water

    Statutory Instrument 2000 No. 3184, The Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2000

    Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) - sets standards for the Water Services Regulation Authority (Ofwat) – the economic
    quality of drinking water; regulator of the water and sewerage industry in England and
    Wales;
    Environment Agency - regulates and enforces water
    abstraction consents and quality standards in inland, estuarial
    and coastal waters;
    Drinking Water Standards – at consumer’s tap

    • Turbidity 4 NTU
    • Manganese 50 μg/L
    • Aluminium 200 μg/L
    • Pesticides 0.1 μg/L
    • Iron 200 μg/L
    • Sodium 200 μg/L
    • Nitrate 50 mg/L
    • Nitrite 0.5 mg/L
    • Cadmium 5 μg/L
    • Arsenic 10 μg/L
    • Fluoride 1.5 mg/L

    Photo: WSS
    https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2016/614/pdfs/uksi_20160614_en.pdf
    Typical Rapid Sand Filtration
    Plant

    Source: Reynolds & Richards 1996

    14
    Lime-Soda Softening Plant

    Source: Reynolds & Richards 1996


    Typical Groundwater Treatment Plant
    Source: Reynolds & Richards 1996

    16
    Aim of Wastewater Treatment
    • Remove suspended solids (SS)
    • Remove biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
    • Remove nutrients
    Sewage Composition (Tebbut 1998)
    Typical Wastewater Treatment

    SS BOD Nutrient &


    removal removal SS removal

    Preliminary
    & Primary Secondary Tertiary
    Influent Treatment Treatment Effluent
    Treatment

    Sludge
    18
    Wastewater Preliminary & Primary
    Treatments
    • Screens • Grinders and Macerators
    – remove floating matter and large – Grind up large floating
    suspended solids or suspended matter
    – safeguards rest of plant
    • Grit channels
    – Remove 95% of particles > 0.2mm
    – Prevent abrasion
    • Primary settling
    – remove “settleable solids” (0.05 mm
    upwards)
    – reduce load on secondary treatment

    Remove 30-60% SS
    Remove 20-30% BOD
    Physical processes
    19
    Wastewater Secondary Treatment
    • Aim to reduce BOD
    • Oxidise organic matter in the treatment plant
    • Activated sludge
    – suspended growth system
    • Trickling filters
    – attached growth system
    • Other suspended growth systems
    – oxidation ditches
    – stabilization ponds
    – aeration lagoons

    20
    Tertiary Treatment
    • Nitrogen removal
    • Occurs as ammonia
    • Chemical or biological processes

    • Phosphorous removal
    • Chemical process

    • Suspended solids removal


    • Filtration
    • Microscreening

    21
    Thank you !

    Luiza Campos
    [email protected]

    22

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