TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

1338 Arlegui Street, Quiapo, Manila

HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING
CE 411
Section

Experiment No. #: Title

Submitted By:

Student No. SN, FN MI. ____________________

Submitted To:

ENGR. GRANT GREMOR M. PEREZ

Date Submitted:

DATE
 Experiment No. 3
Efficiency of Pumps
1. Objective(s):
The activity aims to understand the effect of pumps in the addition of energy and its rate of efficiency.
2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):
The students shall be able to:

 Use the techniques and skills in fluid mechanics to understand the relationship of pumps and Bernoulli’s
energy equation.
 Apply the techniques and skills acquired relevant to professional engineering practice.

3. Discussion:

A pump is common example of mechanical device that adds energy to a fluid. The pump takes energy and
delivers it to the fluid, resulting in increased fluid pressure and fluid flow.

From Bernoulli’s Equation:

V 21 P1 V2 P
+ + Z1 + H A = 2 + 2 + Z 2 (8.1)
2g y 2 g 2g

Where:

H A = E, energy added by the pump to the system

QyE
H p 0= , output power of the pump
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 Pump is used basically to increase the head (usually to raise water from a lower elevator to a higher
elevation). The input power (Pi) of the pump is electrical energy and its output power (Po) is the flow energy

Power delivered by the pump to a fluid is given as:

Po =QyE

Where:

P = power in KN-m/sec or Kilowatts (kw)

Q = rate of flow, m 3 /sec

y = specific weight of water, KN /m3

E = head delivered to the fluid by the pump, m

In selecting a pump, its efficiency is important

P output
Efficiency = ×100 %
Pinput

4. Resources:

 Hydraulic machine
 Measuring device (meter stick)
  Stopwatch

5. Procedure:

1. Consider the water surface of the lower reservoir as the datum line. Turn on the switch of the pump for
30 seconds. Be sure that the gate valve heading towards the open channel is closed.

2. Measure the head from the water surface of the reservoir to the water surface of the tank. Consider it as
point 1 and 2 respectively.

3. Determine the volume of water in the reservoir. Neglect head loss.

4. Determine the energy added by the pump using Bernoulli’s equation.

Data and Results:

Trial V1 V2 P1 P2 Z1 Z2 E P0
(m/s) (m/s) (KPa) (KPa) (m) (m) (%)
1 1.23 2.99 0 0 0 0.255 0.57 0.00374
2 1.12 2.73 -5 0 0 0.255 0.47 0.00307
3 1.18 2.87 0 40 0 0.255 0.52 0.00342
4 0.87 2.13 -20 40 0 0.255 0.28 0.00188

5 0.57 1.403 0 280 0 0255 0.05 0.000378

Computations:

Solving for Q, V1 and V2:

Formulas:

Q Q
Q=AV ; π
V1= ( 0.032 m )2 ; π
V2= ( 0.020 m )2
4 4

TRIAL 1
3 6.017 ×10−4 m3 / s 6.017 ×10−4 m3 / s
5L 1m
Q=
8.31 s
× ; V1 = π(
0.025 )
2 ; V2 = π
( 0.016 m)2
1000 L
4 4
Q = 6.017×10-4 m3/s ; V1 =1.23 m/s ; V2 = 2.99m/s

TRIAL 2
3 5.48× 10−4 m3 /s 5.48× 10−4 m3 /s
5L 1m
Q=
9.13 s
× ; V1 = π
( 0.025 m )2
; V2 = π
( 0.016 m )2
1000 L
4 4

Q = 5.48×10-4 m3/s ; V1 = 1.12 m/s ; V2 = 2.73 m/s

TRIAL 3
3 5.77× 10− 4 m3 / s 5.77× 10− 4 m3 / s
5L 1m
Q=
8.66
× ; V1 = π
( 0.025m )2
; V2 = π
( 0.016 m)2
1000 L
4 4

Q = 5.77×10-4 m3/s ; V1 = 1.18 m/s ; V2 = 2.87 m/s

TRIAL 4
4.28 ×10−4 m3 /s 4.63 ×10−4 m3 /s
5L 1 m3
Q=
11.69s
× ; V1 = π
( 0.025 m)2
; V2 = π
( 0.016 m)2
1000 L
4 4

Q = 4.28×10-4 m3/s ; V1 = 0.87 m/s ; V2 = 2.13m/s

TRIAL 5
2.82× 10−4 m3 / s 2.82× 10−4 m3 / s
5L 1 m3
Q=
17.72 s
× ; V1 = π
( 0.025 m )2
; V2 = π
( 0.016 m )2
1000 L
4 4

Q = 2.82×10-4 m3/s ; V1 = 0.57 m/s ; V2 = 1.403 m/s

Solving for HADDED:

Formula:

V 21 P1 V 22 P2
+ + Z1 + H ADDED = + + Z 2
2g γ 2g γ

TRIAL 1

1.23 m 2 2.99 m 2
( s ) +0+ 0+ H ADDED =
s ( +0+0.255
)
2(9.81) 2(9.81)
 H ADDED =0.633 m
TRIAL 2

1.12 m 2 2.73 m 2
( s ) +
−15
+0+ H ADDED =
( s )
+0+0.255
2(9.81) 9.81 2(9.81)

H ADDED =0.571 m
TRIAL 3

1.18 m 2 2.87 m 2
( s ) (
+0+ 0+ H ADDED =
s )
+
25
+ 0.255
2(9.81) 2(9.81) 9.81

H ADDED =¿ 0.604 m
TRIAL 4

0.87 m 2 2.13 m 2
( s ) +
−25
+0+ H ADDED =
( s
+
)37.5
+0.255
2(9.81) 9.81 2(9.81) 9.81

H ADDED =0.448 m

TRIAL 5

0.57 m 2 1.403 m 2
( s ) +
−45
+0+ H ADDED =
( s
+
)
37.5
+0.255
2(9.81) 9.81 2( 9.81) 9.81

H ADDED =0.339 m

Solving for POUTPUT:

Formula:

POUTPUT = γ Q HADDED

TRIAL 1

POUTPUT = (9.81 KN/m3) (6.017×10-4 m3/s) (0.633 m)

POUTPUT = 0.00374 kW

TRIAL 2

POUTPUT = (9.81 KN/m3) (5.48×10-4 m3/s) (0.571m)

POUTPUT = 0.00307 kW

TRIAL 3
 POUTPUT = (9.81 KN/m3) (5.77×10-4 m3/s) (0.604m)

POUTPUT = 0.00342 kW

TRIAL 4

POUTPUT = (9.81 KN/m3) (4.28×10-4 m3/s) (0.448m)

POUTPUT = 0.00188 kW

TRIAL 5

POUTPUT = (9.81 KN/m3) (2.82×10-4 m3/s) (0.339m)

POUTPUT = 0.000378 kW

Solving for E:

Formula:

Efficiency (%) = (POUTPUT/PINPUT) × 100 wherein PINPUT = 0.66 KW

TRIAL 1

0.00374
E= ×100
0.66 KW

E = 57%

TRIAL 2

0.00307
E= ×100
0.66 KW

E = 47%

TRIAL 3

0.00342
E= ×100
0.66 KW

E = 52%

TRIAL 4

0.00188
E= ×100
0.66 KW

E = 28%
TRIAL 5

0.000378
E= ×100
0.66 KW

E = 5%

Documentation:

Group Picture Materials

Measuring Measuring Time

PROCEDURE Reading P 1 and P2

Observation:
We observed that when the interaction of pumps increases the pressure of the water and it is
used to speeed up the flow of water in the pippe as the pressure increases, the efficiency
also increases. We conducted 5 trials to analyze and find the differences of water when
pressure is applied with a pump.

Additional Situations:
The pump in the figure discharges water at 30 lit/sec. Neglecting losses and elevation changes.
Assume unit weight of water is 9.79 kN/m3.
1. What will be the energy added to the water by the pump?
2. What will be the power delivered to the water by the pump?
3. What will be the mechanical efficiency of the pump if the power input is 27.34 hp?

Conclusion:

Refereances:
8. Assessment (Rubric for Laboratory Performance):
BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT
CRITERIA SCORE
1 2 3
I. Laboratory Skills
Members
Members do not Members always
occasionally
Manipulative Skills demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
demonstrate needed
skills. skills.
skills
Members are unable Members are able to Members are able to set-
Experimental
to set-up the set-up the materials up the material with
Set-up
materials. with supervision. minimum supervision.
Members
Members do not
occasionally Members always
demonstrate
Process Skills demonstrate demonstrate targeted
targeted process
targeted process process skills.
skills.
skills.
Members do not Members follow
Members follow safety
Safety Precautions follow safety safety precautions
precautions at all times.
precautions. most of the time.
II. Work Habits
Time Management / Members do not Members finish on Members finish ahead of
Conduct of finish on time with time with incomplete time with complete data
Experiment incomplete data. data. and time to revise data.
Members have
Members do not
defined Members are on tasks
know their tasks and
responsibilities most and have defined
have no defined
Cooperative and of the time. Group responsibilities at all
responsibilities.
Teamwork conflicts are times. Group conflicts are
Group conflicts have
cooperatively cooperatively managed at
to be settled by the
managed most of the all times.
teacher.
time.
Clean and orderly
Clean and orderly
Messy workplace workplace with
Neatness and workplace at all times
during and after the occasional mess
Orderliness during and after the
experiment. during and after the
experiment.
experiment.
Members require
Members require Members do not need to
Ability to do occasional
supervision by the be supervised by the
independent work supervision by the
teacher. teacher.
teacher.
Other Comments/Observations: Total Score
(TotalScore)
Rating= × 100
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