Scribd
Upload
25 views7 pages

SMSF 1111 Basic Maths Lecture Notes 1

1) The document summarizes basic mathematics concepts including indices, logarithms, surds, algebraic expressions and equations, and sequences. 2) Key topics covered include laws of indices, logarithms, solving logarithmic and indicial equations, addition/subtraction/division of surds, and the remainder and factor theorems. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate working with indices, logarithms, and surds.

Uploaded by

444 gemini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
25 views7 pages

SMSF 1111 Basic Maths Lecture Notes 1

1) The document summarizes basic mathematics concepts including indices, logarithms, surds, algebraic expressions and equations, and sequences. 2) Key topics covered include laws of indices, logarithms, solving logarithmic and indicial equations, addition/subtraction/division of surds, and the remainder and factor theorems. 3) Examples are provided to demonstrate working with indices, logarithms, and surds.

Uploaded by

444 gemini
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

SMSF 1111 BASIC MATHEMATICS 1

Course Content
Indices, logarithm and surds. Transposition of formulae. Algebraic expressions, Algebraic
equations. Linear graphs, equations and applications. Quadratic equations and graphs. Cubic
equations and graphs. Remainder theorem, Factor Theorem. Permutations, Combinations,
Applications of Binomial Expansion. Sequences; Arithmetic progression, Geometric progression

INDICES
x
Given a , a is called the base and x the index. Indices are therefore powers to which values are
raised to.
Laws of indices
1. a m  a n = a m+ n
m −n
2. a  a = a
m n

Other results based on these laws:


a0 = 1
1
a2 = a
1
a n
= n
a
(a ) n m
= amn
m 1
a = (a ) =
n m n n
am
1
a−n = n
a
Examples
Simplify the following
Laws of logarithms

1. log A + log B = log AB


A
2. log A  log B = log
B
3. log a n = n log a

Indicial equations

Example: Solve the following equations correct to 4 d.p.


Logarithms

A logarithm is an index.

Given x n means that x is the base and n the logarithm.

Given y = x n means that the logarithm of y to base x is n, i.e. the power to which x is raised to
give y is n. This is written as log x y = n .

NB: log y = log 10 y

Examples: Solve the following equations correct to 4dp.


Change of base

1
Prove that log a x =
log x a

Proof:

y = log a x
 ay = x
 log x a y = log x x = 1
 y log x a = 1
1
 y=
log x a
SURDS

p
A surd is a number that cannot be expressed in the form , q  0 . Examples include
q
2 , 3, 11,  , etc

Exercise

Simplify the following.

(a) 8  2 (b) 2  32 (c) 5  20


(d ) 2  10 (e) 10  5 ( f ) 14  2
(g) 8  5 (h) 15  3 (i ) 15  5

Addition and subtraction of surds

Simplify the following

(a) 5 3 + 4 3 (b) 7 5 − 3 5 (c) 6 3 + 4 3 + 5 3 (d ) 8 3 + 5 3 − 7 3

(e) 15 6 − 3 6 − 4 6 ( f ) 8 5 − 3 5 + 2 5 ( g ) 3 5 − 8 5 + 2 5

Division of surds

This is done by rationalizing the denominator

Simplify the following

2 −1 2 3−2 3 3 2 −4 2
(a) (b) (c ) (d ) (e)
2 +1 2+ 3 2 5− 3 4+3 2 2 +3 7

You might also like