Water and Heritage

INTRODUCTION
CITY LEVEL PROJECTS
WATER & HERITAGE

Rejuvenation of Baoli Precincts
WATER AND HERITAGE

(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Organization)
Delhi Urban Art Commission

The Delhi Urban Art Commission was set up by an Act of Parliament in 1973
to “advise the Government of India in the matter of preserving, developing
and maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban and environmental design within
Delhi and to provide advice and guidance to any local body in respect of any
project of building operations or engineering operations or any development
proposal which affects or is likely to affect the skyline or the aesthetic quality
of the surroundings or any public amenity provided therein”.

(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Organisation)
Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman
Sonali Bhagwati Member (Upto 5 October 2017)

Samir Mathur Member DELHI URBAN ART COMMISSION with gratitude duly acknowledges the valuable contributions of the
Sonali Rastogi Member following in making this report:
Durga Shanker Mishra Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
(Upto 10 August 2017)
Manoj Kumar Member & Addl. Secretary, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs
(From 11 August 2017)
Organisations / Others
Vinod Kumar Secretary
Ministry of Urban Development
Delhi Development Authority
Duac Staff Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi
Rajeev Kumar Gaur, Raghvendra Singh, Indu Rawat , Amit Mukherji, Uma Bhati, Manju Anjali, Siddharth Sagar, North Delhi Municipal Corporation
Nihal Chand East Delhi Municipal Corporation
South Delhi Municipal Corporation
Senior Consultant New Delhi Municipal Council
Nandita Parikh Geospatial Delhi Limited
Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Consultants Delhi Urban Shelter Improvement Board
Deeksha Lalwani, BSES Rajdhani Power Limited
Nikhil Pandey(3D Visualiser) BSES Yamuna Power Limited
RWA’s and Area Councillors
Google Earth
Preface
*DISCLAIMER*
This report is for academic purposes only and has been prepared on the basis
of information gathered from various sources, in cases without any independent
verification. The report can be adopted and utilized by any Government Authority/
Local Body in the Country and is provided free of cost. The report is not meant to
derive any kind of gain, monetary or otherwise. The city of Delhi, capital of this vast land of diversities, is a city laden with layers of history,
Though all efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this a place where civilizations have lived, prospered and perished over centuries. The modern
report, the same should not be construed as a statement of law or used for any legal city today, built over and around a rich tapestry of heritage, presents an opportunity
purposes. Delhi Urban Art Commission (DUAC) accepts no responsibility in relation at every turn, to allow for co-existence of the past, present and the future. In order to
to the accuracy, completeness, usefulness or otherwise, of the information contained
understand this multidimensional urban spectrum and attempt to plan the future, various
in the publication. Stakeholders are advised to verify/check any information with
city level studies have been initiated by the DUAC. I hope that these studies will help
the relevant Government Department(s) and/or other source(s), and to obtain any
the planners of modern day Delhi to carefully articulate urban space, structure, form and
appropriate advice before acting on the information provided in the report.
environment and sensitively address future requirements.
While adequate measures have been taken to acknowledge the source of the
I convey my thanks to all the Consultants and Members of the Commission who have
information used in the report, the nature of the process and the diverse sources
tirelessly worked on this research project to bring out this document. I also take this
from which information is collected makes it difficult for the Commission to ascertain
opportunity to place on record my sincere appreciation of the efforts of Secretary and
whether each piece of information/data impinges upon any third party intellectual
other staff of DUAC for providing the necessary administrative support to make this
property rights. DUAC shall consequently not be responsible for any inadvertent and
happen.
/ or bonafide omission of acknowledgement of source of information.
I fondly hope that the authorities of the local, state and national government take these
In no event will the DUAC be liable for any expense, loss or damage including,
studies seriously and implement, in right earnest, the suggestions given herein.
without limitation, indirect or consequential loss or damage, or any expense, loss or
damage whatsoever arising out of any person/ stakeholder using or implementing or
January, 2018 Sd/-
relying on any information in this report.
Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao
Chairman, DUAC
Contents
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
1 Introduction 10
4 Strategy for Rejuvenation of Baoli Precincts 59
1.1 Water and its significance 10 4.1 Wazirpur Monument Complex, R. K. Puram, Sector 5 - Timeline 60
1.2 Aims & Objectives 10 4.2 The Landuse 60
1.3 Classification of Historic Structures associated with water 11 4.3 The Location 61
4.4 The Surroundings 62
4.5 The Edges 64
2 Historic Structures Holding Water: The Baolis 13

4.6 Green/ Open Space Structure in the Neighborhood
4.7 The Access 65
65
2.1 Introduction 14
4.8 Site Levels 66
2.2 Evolution 14
4.9 Existing Planting Survey 68
2.3 Source of water 14
4.10 Design Strategies 71
2.4 Traditional Knowledge System: Construction of Stepwells 15
4.11 Design Proposal 72
2.5 Baolis - Space for social gathering 15
-Design Proposal - Circulation 76
2.6 Typology 15
-Design Proposal - Planting 78
2.7 Threats to Baolis - Urban Pressure 16
-Area Details 79
2.8 Reasons for Degradation of Baolis - Presesnt Scenario 17
4.12 Storyboard/ Photo Panels 84
2.9 Existing Baolis of Delhi - Timeline 18
3 The Existing Baolis of Delhi : Mapping & Analysis 21

5 Conclusions 86
5.1 Revival & Restoration Practices in Other Parts of India 87
3.1 Anangtal Baoli 22
5.2 General Guidelines for the Rejuvenation of the Baoli Precincts 90
3.2 Qutub Sahib ki Baoli 23
6Annexure 92
3.3 Gandhak ki Baoli 25
3.4 Firoz Shah Kotla Baoli 27
3.5 Tughlaqabad Fort Baolis 29
3.6 Baoli at Hindu Rao 30
3.7 Hazrat Nizamuddin Baoli 33
3.8 Agrasen Ki Baoli 39
3.9 Baoli at Wazirpur Monument Complex, R. K. Puram, Sector 5 41
3.10 Purana Qila Baoli 45
3.11 Lal Qila Baoli 46
3.12 Rajon ki Baoli, Mehrauli Archaeological Park 47
3.13 Loharehri Baoli, Dwarka Sector 12 49
3.14 Arab ki Sarai Baoli 52

6 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE

Summary
Delhi receives between 6,11,750 mm average rainfall but most of it goes down the drain. Rapid
urbanisation, rampant concretisation of open areas and rising population have together prevented
the rainwater from seeping to the ground. Extreme groundwater extraction has already depleted
the water table across the city.
The city has around 15 structurally surviving baolis/ stepwells. These little known, presently less
popular architectural marvels have been used for centuries to store and draw underground water
for daily needs.
Presently these baolis are in a state of neglect. They have been used to dump waste, carry polluted
water or have dried up. One of the key factors contributing to the present state of Baolis is the
lack of knowledge about their presence, location, architectural relevance and use.
With the swarming population to cater to, these baolis should be revived. Some of them would
need cleaning up of waste, restoration or even the revival of its source by rain water harvesting or
other measures.
WATER AND HERITAGE 9

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Water and its Significance 1.3 Classification of Historic Structures Associated with Water
INTRODUCTION
Water has been a crucial resource. It has shaped civilisations. Ever since history man has been
harvesting, storing and channelling water for his survival. Kings have known to leave behind their
palaces and shift capitals due to the lack of water: Fatehpur Sikri and Tughlaqabad are good
examples. Gradually man learnt to move water into the cities. HISTORIC STRUCTURES HISTORIC INTERNAL HISTORIC
HOLDING WATER- GARDEN WATER STRUCTURES &
This ability to move water on a mass scale has been both a blessing and a curse for modern BAOLIS / STEP WELLS SYSTEMS WATERWAYS
civilizations. It has allowed cities to grow to unimaginable size. From reservoirs and aqueducts to
pressurized pipe systems and simple rain barrels, humans have spent countless centuries perfecting 1. Hindu Rao Baoli 1.Humayun’s Tomb 1. Barapulla
the science of collecting, storing and transporting one of our most precious resources: water. The 2. Agrasen Ki Baoli, Hailey road 2. Safdarjung Tomb 2. Satpulla
need to tap ground water, store rain water and to make it accessible to the human population has 3. Purana Qila Baoli
led to the construction of several tanks, wells & stepwells. These are one of the most fascinating 4. Lal Qila Baoli LAKE PAVILIONS/ TANKS
and aesthetically pleasing examples. 5. Hazrat Nizamuddin ki Baoli
6. Firoz Shah Kotla Baoli 1. Hauz-i-Shamsi
The ancient stepwells of India, which are, as the name implies, man-made wells or ponds that are 7. RK Puram Baoli 2. Hauz Khas Tank
equipped with steps that lead down to the water table. Numerous tanks & Baolis/ stepwells were 8. Rajon ki Baoli, Mehrauli
commissioned by the ruling clans in which water was collected mainly during the rainy season and 9. Gandhak ki Baoli, Mehrauli
was then used throughout the year by the people in the neighbourhood. 10. Anangtal Baoli, Mehrauli
11. Qutab Sahib ki Baoli, Mehrauli
Historians say that there were over a hundred baolis in Delhi towards the start of the 20th century, 12. Tughlaqabad Fort Baolis
at least one baoli in each of the medieval settlement of Delhi, many boast more than one. Today 13. Loharehri Baoli, Dwarka Sec 12
only about 10-15 baolis have survived urbanization. Many baolis were lost or filled in completely 14. Arab ki Sarai Baoli
due to large scale construction. Apart from the bigger baolis like Agrasen ki baoli or Rajon ki baoli,
etc., there were many small baolis from the Tughlaq, Lodi and Mughal times.
1.2 Aims & Objectives

In the present day scenario, the Baolis of Delhi have reduced to being relics of the bygone era with
no relevance in terms of functionality.
Aim Document the few existing baolis of Delhi in order to analyse

the present condition of the structure, the water system and its
precincts.
Suggestive Guidelines for Rejuvenation of Baoli precincts and
integration with the urban fabric.
Objectives •Creating public awareness about the historic and architectural

relevance of these baolis in order to save these baolis from
urban pressure, deterioration and neglect.
•Rejuvenating the baoli precincts and creating safe spaces.
•Reviving these water systems so as to recharge the ground
water.
10 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 11

SECTION 2
2. Historic Structures Holding Water: The Baolis
• Introduction
• Evolution
• Source of water
• Traditional knowledge System: Construction of Stepwells
• Baolis- space for social gathering
• Typology
• Architecture of the Baolis
• Baolis today
• Causes of deterioration- Present Scenario
• Restoration
• Existing Baolis of Delhi- Timeline

HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS
2.1 Introduction 2.4 Traditional Knowledge System: Construction of Stepwells

Baolis or Stepwells are wells or ponds in which the water may be reached by descending a set of Construction of stepwells involved not just the sinking of a typical deep cylinder from which water
steps. They may be covered and protected and are often of architectural significance. could be hauled, but the careful placement of an adjacent, stone-lined “trench” that, once a long
They are most common in arid north-western India due to scarcity of water. The construction staircase and side ledges were embedded, allowed access to the ever-fluctuating water level which
may be utilitarian, but sometimes includes significant architectural embellishments. All forms of flowed through an opening in the well cylinder.
the stepwell are examples of the many types of storage and irrigation tanks that were developed In dry seasons, every step – which could number over a hundred - had to be negotiated to reach
in India, mainly to cope with seasonal fluctuations in water availability. A basic difference between the bottom story. But during rainy seasons, a parallel function kicked in and the trench transformed
stepwells on the one hand, and tanks and wells on the other, was to make it easier for people into a large cistern, filling to capacity and submerging the steps sometimes to the surface. This
to reach the ground water, and to maintain and manage the well. At places, separate Baolis were ingenious system for water preservation continued for a millennium.
constructed for drinking & bathing purposes. They were often constructed close to mosques and In many wells covered “pavilions” punctuated each successive level, accessed by narrow ledges
temples. People washed and bathed before prayers. Some hindu ceremonies were performed at as the water level rose, and providing vital shade while also buttressing walls against the intense
the baolis by women who prayed and made their offerings here. Some baolis were designed only pressure.
for the purpose of water storage, others to provide shelter to travellers & caravans in the dry For this same reason, most stepwells gradually narrow from the surface to the lowest tier
seasons when the water level receded. These baolis were designed with rooms on the higher floors underground, where the temperature is refreshingly cool. By building down into the earth rather
with a colonnaded veranda. than the expected “up”, a sort of reverse architecture was created and, since many stepwells have
little presence above the surface other than a low masonry wall, a sudden encounter with one of
2.2 Evolution: these vertiginous, man-made chasms generates both a sense of utter surprise and total dislocation.
Once inside, the telescoping views, towering pavilions, and the powerful play of light and shadow
Rudimentary stepwells first appeared in India between the 2nd and 4th centuries A.D. born
are equally disorienting.
of necessity in a capricious climate zone bone-dry for most of the year followed by torrential
monsoon rains for many weeks. It was essential to guarantee a year-round water-supply for drinking,
The builders of the stepwell employed their most skilled artisans in the erection of this monument.
bathing, irrigation and washing, particularly in the arid states where the water table could be
The practice of digging wells in memory of the dead king was a widely prevalent tradition in the
inconveniently buried ten-stories or more underground. Over the centuries, stepwell construction
ancient times described in the inscriptions. The construction of stepwells follows a unique ingenious
evolved so that by the 11th century they were astoundingly complex feats of engineering,
method. A well upto the depth of a man’ s height is dug. Then a circular wooden platform made of
architecture, and art. By the 19th-century, several thousand stepwells in varying degrees of
non decaying Semal wood, is lowered into the well. A brick wall is erected around the well upwards
grandeur are estimated to have been built throughout India, in cities, villages, and eventually also
from the bottom. While the brick wall hardens, further digging is done under the wooden platform,
in private gardens where they’re known as “retreat wells”. But stepwells also proliferated along
and when the digging is upto a depth of a man, the wooden platform is lowered again. In this
crucial, remote trade routes where travellers and pilgrims could park their animals and take shelter
method of construction, the veneer becomes thicker and the well becomes narrower as the depth
in covered arcades. Once Muslim rulers began to dominate in India (dates differ depending on
increases. This is done till the water is reached. To counteract the forces on the three quarters of
the area) stepwells shifted in their design both structurally and decoratively. Hindu builders used
the circumference of the stepwell, buttresses were built on both sides of the staircases behind the
trabeated (or post and lintel) construction with corbel domes, Muslims introduced the arch and
veneer.
“true” dome. Hindu artists carved sculptures and friezes packed with deities, humans, and animals
while Islam forbade depictions of any creatures at all. Under the British Raj, stepwells were deemed 2.5 Baolis- Space for Social Gathering:
unhygienic breeding grounds for disease and parasites and were consequently barricaded, filled in,
or otherwise destroyed. Considering that fetching water was (and is still) assigned to women, the stepwells would have
provided a reprieve in otherwise regimented lives, and gathering down in the village baoli was
2.3 Source of Water surely an important social activity.
These step wells are generally dependent on the recharge from the aquifer or nearby surface 2.6 Typology:
water sources viz. village ponds, streams, canals and in some cases nearby rivers. The location of
Stepwells fall into categories based on their scale, layout, materials, and shape: they can be
these ancient wells found to be unique in the sense that even during dry period of the year most
rectangular, circular, or even L-shaped, can be built from masonry, rubble or brick, and have as
of these wells have water in them, highlighting the ancient wisdom of craftsmen in those days. Most
many as four separate entrances. But no two are identical and - whether simple and utilitarian, or
of these wells are part of phreatic aquifers of various formations such as alluvial, basaltic, phyllite etc
complex and ornamented - each has a unique character.

HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS Based on the Architectural form, the stepwells e. Encroachment:

in Delhi can be broadly classified as: In various situations, the encroachment is so pervasive that it prevents the penetration of sunlight
into the water tank (penetration of light upto 50 feet is a prerequisite to keep the water free from
a. Stepwells with straight stepped corridor and biologically harmful algae and bacteria).
a single entrance: This typology of stepwells is Most of the baolis like the one near Nizamuddin ki dargah, Gandhak ki baoli & Hindu Rao hospital
characterized by a single entrance. These Baoli have construction towering over the edges of the baoli walls. Some of the new constructions
stepwells have lateral stairs which reduce the even share walls with these historic structures. Neglect, Garbage dumping and sewer flow from the
length of the surrounding development has further deteriorated the baolis.
corridor and help in reaching the lower levels
more quickly. f. Pressure on resources:
Rectangular baoli with single entrance, Rajon ki Baoli,
b. L –shaped Stepwells : It has an L shaped plan Mehrauli Increasing demand of water and lowering of water levels have made the wells defunct.
and the stepped corridor turns at right angles.
This is the g. Rapid construction & increase in paved areas:
c. Circular Stepwells: Baoli at Firoz Shah Kotla is Rapid increase in paved areas and construction has reduced the soft/ green area for percolation of
the only baoli in Delhi with a circular form. rain water which used to recharge the water table. This has led to the drying up of wells.
d. Stepwells with Two Straight Stepped
Entrances: Baoli at Red Fort h. Ownership:
Baolis in the states of Gujrat & Rajasthan are owned and maintained by the community. The sense
Much depends on where, when, and by whom of ownership has kept the Baolis alive. Whereas in Delhi, these structures lie under MCD or
they were commissioned, with Hindu structures NDMC limits, their structure is either restored by ASI or by INTACH and gets fenced off and the
functioning as bona-fide subterranean temples, locals do not associate with it.
replete with carved images of the male and Circular baoli at Firoz Shah Kotla Fort
IMAGE SOURCE:http://www.inditales.com
female deities to whom the stepwells were i. Lack of Information & the resources available:
dedicated. This lost heritage finds vague mention on Government and tourism websites, they are usually
mentioned in blogs which might not be a reliable source of information.
These sculptures formed a spiritual backdrop
for ritual bathing, prayers and offerings that 2.8 Reasons for the Degradation of Baolis - Present Scenario:
played an important role in many Hindu
stepwells. As for the current state of stepwells, a hand-full are in relatively decent condition, particularly those
few where tourists might materialize. But for most, the prevailing condition is simply deplorable due
2.7 Threats to Baolis - to a host of reasons.
Urban Pressure:
Stepwells were quite common in India until the British arrived and had a lot of them closed down
The primary causes of deterioration of this due to unsanitary conditions.
stepwell are:
“Modern” substitutes like village taps, plumbing, and water tanks also eliminated the physical need
a. The flooding and piling up of debris in the for stepwells, if not the social and spiritual aspects. As obsolescence set in, stepwells were ignored
well by their communities, became garbage dumps and latrines, while others were repurposed as
b. Collapse of structures storage areas, mined for their stone, or just left to decay.
c. The silting process which causes precipitations
on the original stone structures Depleted water-tables from unregulated pumping have caused many of the wells to dry up, and
d. Weathering of stone due to the underground when water is present, it’s generally afloat with garbage or grown over with plant-life from lack of
L-Shaped baoli, Arab ki sarai
microclimate attention.

2.9 Existing Baolis of Delhi - Timeline

Delhi had about 100 or more Baolis, of which only
Delhi had about 100 or more Baolis, of which only about 15 have survived. Many were lost over
about 15 have survived. Many were lost over the
the years, while some were discovered, preserved and restored.
years, while some were discovered, preserved and
restored.
10th Century
•Anangtal Baoli
12th Century
•Qutab Sahib ki Baoli
13th Century
•Gandhak-ki-Baoli
•Firoz Shah Kotla Baoli
•Tughlaqabad Fort Baolis
Hindu Rao Baoli •Hindu Rao Baoli
•Nizamuddin ki Baoli
LAL QILA Baoli
FIROZ SHAH KOTLA Baoli

14th-15th Century
AGRASEN KI Baoli
•Agrasen ki Baoli
•Wazirpur Monument Complex, RK Puram Sec 5
PURANA QILA Baoli
•Purana Qila Baoli
•Lal Qila Baoli
ARAB KI SARAI Baoli
LOHARERHRI Baoli
HAZRAT NIZAMUDDIN Baoli

16th Century
BAOLI AT WAZIRPUR MONUMENT COMPLEX •Rajon ki Baoli
RAJON KI •Loharheri Baoli
ANANGTAL BAOLI BAOLI
•Arab ki Sarai Baoli
QUTAB SAHIB KI BAOLI TUGHLAQABAD FORT
GANDHAK BAOLIS
KI BAOLI

SECTION 3
3. The Existing Baolis of Delhi : Mapping & Analysis
• Anangtal Baoli, Mehrauli
• Qutab Sahib ki Baoli, Mehrauli

• Gandhak ki Baoli, Mehrauli
• Firoz Shah Kotla Baoli
• Tughlaqabad Fort Baolis
• Hindu Rao Baoli
• Hazrat Nizamuddin ki Baoli
• Agrasen Ki Baoli, Hailey Road
• Baoli at Wazirpur Monument Complex, R. K. Puram Sector V
• Purana Qila Baoli
• Lal Qila Baoli
• Rajon ki Baoli, Mehrauli
• Loharehri Baoli, Dwarka Sec 12
• Arab ki Sarai Baoli

3. ACCESS:
3.1 Anangtal Baoli
EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS

The Baoli is accessed through the garbage heaps behind the Jog maya temple.
4. PRESENT SITUATION:
•Over the years the baoli has got buried under
the layers of soil and dense vegetation has
cropped over it.
•The baoli finds a vague mention on travel sites
ANANGTAL and unpublished reports.
BAOLI •There is an absence of any access routes to
the baoli.
•There are no signage indicating the existence
YOGMAYA of any such structure and the locals are
TEMPLE QUTAB unaware.
MINAR
5. RECOMMENDATIONS:
•Over the years the baoli got buried under
layers of earth and a thick jungle. There are no
traces of Baoli. Through 3d scans, the structure
has to be located and excavated out.
1. LOCATION: •Restoration of the structure
Behind Jog Maya temple, Mehrauli •Recharge of aquifer
•Signage indicating the name, status and
2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: historical relevance of the baoli should be
•Anangtal is the oldest Baoli in Delhi, and installed outside the structure.
IMAGE SOURCE: Delhi heritage brochures by intach
according to a few historical sources, located •Signage indicating the presence and location
in Mehrauli which was also known as Yoginipura. of the baoli should be installed at places in the
Anang Tal literally means reservoir provided by campus and approach roads.
Anang Pal of the House of Tomar. •The Baoli could be integrated with the
•It was constructed in the 10th century Heritage trail and can be frequented by
AD, under the reign of Anangpal Tomar the historians, tourists and heritage enthusiasts
Second, the great-grandfather of the illustrious during heritage walks.
Prithviraj Chauhan. Legend has it that the king
commissioned the construction of many such 3.2 Qutub Sahib Ki Baoli
baolis, big and small, all over his kingdom, 1. LOCATION:
at the behest of his favourite courtesan whose
family of meagre means died of thirst and The Baoli is located within the complex of
impoverishment. the Qutubudin Bakhtiyari Kaki ki Dargah in
•Apparently, the queens would hold an annual the Mehrauli village and about 400m from the
event for alms-giving next to the baoli, at the Adham Khan. The approach to the Qutub Ki
behest of the king. This is all that is known Baoli is in Mehrauli near Main Mehrauli Bus
about the baoli that has escaped the notice of Stand, it is 1 and 1/5 km from Adam khan’s
several plans for renovation and preservation, tomb and near Gandhak Ki Baoli.
and lies beyond the purview of the Mehrauli
IMAGE SOURCE:Delhi heritage brochures by intach IMAGE SOURCE: BehtarDilli Blog - WordPress.com
Archaeological Park.

2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
3.3 Gandhak Ki Baoli: Mehrauli Archeological Park

•The Baoli was constructed by Iltutmish in
12th century A.D. for the Qutubuddin Bakhtiyar
Kaki. & is named after Qutb Sahib who had held ANANGTAL BAOLI
high esteem and has been highly regarded for

centuries, as he was the disciple and spiritual
successor of Khwaja Mu’inu’d Din Chishti of
Ajmer. (http://delhi.gov.in) GANDHAK KI BAOLI
The dargah has many other structures like the
IMAGE SOURCE: BehtarDilli Blog - WordPress.com
assembly house, robe chamber, mosque, drum RAJON KI BAOLI
house tanks and several imposing gates. The Baoli covers an approximate area of 377 sqm and a
QUTAB SAHIB
depth of about 23m. It is constructed of the quartzite stones with lime mortar.
KI BAOLI
3. ACCESS:
The Baoli is accessed through the wuzu area of the Dargah leading to an open terrace. There are
graves located on this level from where the steps lead to the lower level to access the Baoli.
4. REVIVAL OF QUTUB SAHIB KI BAOLI LOCATION:

The aim of project is to conserve the architectural glory as well the various significance associated Mehrauli Archeological Park
with the historic Baoli so that it is preserved for future generation. De-silting and restoration of
Qutub Ki Baoli will also entail to the continued original use of the Baoli with the adjacent dargah. 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
In the book The Delhi That No-one Know,
5. PRESENT SITUATION: Ronald Vivian (RV) Smith describes the origins
Currently the baoli, is covered on all sides and is hardly visible. Though referred to as sacred by the of Gandhak Ki Baoli.
visitors of the dargah, but still used as a dump bin. •Gandhak Ki Baoli was constructed during the
•Recharge of aquifer: Revival of the water body would activate the baoli and its precincts. reign of Sultan Samshuddin Iltutmish
•Restoration of the structure: The structure of the baoli is in a state of distress (1296 – 1316) and legend has it during a visit to
•Removal of encroachments: There is an immense pressure on the Baoli walls due to Sufi saint Hazarat Qutbuddin Bakhtiyar Kaki
encroachment from the adjoining houses which share a common wall with the baoli. The Iltutmish found that the Mehurali area suffered
encroachment should be removed so that it does not damage the walls further. from acute water shortage and the saint was not
•The baoli lies just behind the dargah which restricts the entry, it should be made accessible to the able to have regular baths. This led to the
general public construction of the step well, which came to be
•The baoli should be cleaned from the garbage and the sewerage accumulated and no further known as Gandhak Ki Baoli.
dumping should be allowed. Sewer from the adjacent buildings should not drain into the baoli. •As the name Gandhak implies, the water in the
•Public awareness: Creating awareness through Heritage walks and documentations would also step well has sulphur content and hence smells
generate a sense of importance of the baoli within the neighborhood. This would prevent the of sulphur fumes, and the water is said to have curative quality.
disuse of the structure. •It has a simple plan with five stages or floors at each stage, in taper down fashion, with steps
•Signage indicating the name, status and historical relevance of the baoli should be installed outside leading to the water surface at the lowest level. The stairway here is about 40 metres (130 ft) long
the structure. and 12 metres (39 ft) wide. On each floor there are ornate pillared passages.
•Signage indicating the presence and location of the baoli should be installed at places near the
Mehrauli Archeological Park and approach roads. 3. ACCESS:
•The Baoli could be integrated with the Heritage trail and can be frequented by historians, tourists •The step well can be accessed by walking through the Mehrauli archeological trail.
and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks. It is located at the edge of the Archeological park
•The baoli walls are adorned with arches, it should be illuminated. (SOURCE:WWW.INDIA.GOV.IN) •The baoli is fenced and locked off.

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 4. STATUS: •Public awareness: Creating awareness through

protected monument by the Archaeological Heritage walks and documentations would also
Survey of India (ASI) generate a sense of importance of the baoli
within the neighborhood. This would prevent
5. RESTORATION: the disuse of the structure.
•Over the centuries the step well got silted up •Signage indicating the name, status and
and recently ASI imitated action to do de silting. historical relevance of the baoli should be
•The de silting operations carried out by ASI installed outside the structure.
in 2004–05 has resulted in recuperation of the •Signage indicating the presence and
water in the well to a depth of 40 feet (12 m).. location of the baoli should be installed at
places in the Mehrauli Archeological Park and
6. PRESENT SITUATION: approach roads.
•The monument lies in a dilapidated state, in •The Baoli could be integrated with the Heritage trail and can be frequented by historians, tourists
need for conservation & public awareness. and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks.
•It collects water in the lower levels during the
monsoons. The Rainfed Baoli is used by the locals 3.4 Firoz Shah Kotla Baoli
•Debris lies in the topmost section of the steps, IMAGE SOURCE:Pixelated Memories
making it .
•The water is also filthy & the moss makes the
stones slippery.
•The baoli has not remained untouched by
the urbanization pressure exerted by an ever
expanding congested neighbourhood and
while its periphery has been wedged in by high
iron railings, the entire area around has been
engulfed by thickly populated residences and
shanties
7. RECOMMENDATIONS: IMAGE SOURCE:Delhi heritage brochures by INTACH
•Recharge of aquifer: Revival of the water

1. LOCATION:
body would activate the baoli and its
Firoz Shah Kotla Fort
precincts.
•Removal of encroachments: The baoli sits in
a tight urban fabric with construction coming
Firoz Shah Kotla baoli was built as a part of the IMAGE SOURCE:http://yamunariverproject.org
up right upto the walls of the baoli. Tea stalls,
fortress by Firoz Shah Tughlaq. This Baoli served
cycle repair shops etc. are cropping up on the Baoli during lean period
as a summer retreat for the Royalties where they spent time cooling off and bathing in the
edges. IMAGE SOURCE:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baolis_of_Mehrauli water of this well. The circular baoli with a triangular base lies towards the north western side of
•The baoli should be cleaned from the garbage
and the sewerage accumulated and no further dumping should be allowed the Ashokan Pillar and in the heart of a large garden constructed in the form of subterranean
•Improving access to the baoli: A narrow congested road leads to the baoli. It can also be accessed apartments and a large underground canal built on its eastern side through which the water runs
from the rear side of the Mehrauli Archeological Park through a dirty, garbage dumped trail. into the well. This does not have steps leading all the way to the water level, instead a complex
Defined access to the structure will invite more visitors. pulley system with pipes and channels are there.
The circular structure with rooms has often been referred to as a summer retreat for the nobility.

3. STATUS
3.5 Tughlaqabad Fort Baolis

It is under ASI protection.
4. ACCESS:
The baoli can be accessed through the lawns of Firoz Shah Kotla fort.. Like all the other ASI
protected baolis, this too is fenced off and remains inaccessible to the public.
5. RECOMMENDATIONS:
•Recharge of aquifer: Revival of the water body
would activate the baoli and its precincts.
•Signage indicating the name, status and
historical relevance of the baoli should be
installed outside the structure.
•The baoli has a superstructure with arches, it
should be illuminated
•Being the only circular Baoli, it could be
opened up for public access while being
manned and could be integrated with the
Heritage trail and can be frequented by
historians, tourists and heritage enthusiasts
during heritage walks.
1. LOCATION:
Tughlaqabad Fort

•A fort built by Ghiyas-ud-din Tughlaq, in 1321 AD has its ruins left on a hillock in the southern
portion of Delhi. Stretching across 6.5 kms, it lends its name to the Tughlaqabad residential-
commercial area.Ghiyas-ud-din was the founder of the Tughlaq Dynasty who established the fifth
historic city of Delhi.
•Out of the 13 Baolis which were constructed in the 14th century on the order of Ghazi
Malik, only 2 survive till date in the fort. The remaining baolis have died; some ruins still lie in the
background of the rural villages but it is strictly prohibited for the locals.
•The existing two baolis are situated on either side of the fort. There is no specific trail to reach
the Baolis and the fort is surrounded by dense forest on both sides of it.
3. STATUS
Closer to the outer wall is a baoli that has been excavated and restored by ASI. It is reported to
have yielded red sandstone slabs with Arabic inscriptions.
This Baoli is a deep dry ruin, which is not accessible anymore due to its deteriorating condition. It
was built in such a manner, adjoining to the queens changing rooms that it can still be spotted from
the top, only as a blotch placed in between the thick foliage. The dried Baoli is one of the deepest
ones whose end point is not visible due to the wild growth and vegetation found on all four sides,
IMAGES SOURCE:
https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit hovering over it along with its boundless depth. The four stonewalls forming the Baoli is not clearly
visible in this case. TEXT SOURCE: http://www.sodelhi.com

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS BAOLI

BAOLI
RADIOLOGY &
IMAGING DEPT.
HINDU RAO
HOSPITAL.
IMAGES SOURCE:
http://www.sodelhi.com/forts-monuments/tughlaqabad-fort-baolis-tughlaqabad-new-delhi
Panoramio - Photos by Surendra Kumar
TEXT SOURCE: http://www.sodelhi.com
4. RECOMMENDATIONS:
g
•Restoration of the structure: The Baoli lies in an isolated area and is in ruins. The structure to be Mar
du Rao
Hin
restored so as to allow access to the baolis.
•Recharge of aquifer: Revival of the water body would activate the baoli and its precincts.
•Missing trails connecting the baolis with the other structures of the fort to be revived with
Signage and seatings to ensure a safe experience to the visitors.
Tughlaq-era baoli, was built by Feroz Shah Tughlaq in 1354.
•The precints to be cleared of vegetative overgrowth.
It was the only source of water for the British officers and soldiers during the revolt of 1857. Afraid
•Visitor centre and with provisions for information and safety to be provided in the precints
that the Indian sepoys in the British army might poison the water, British officer Major Kerrines
3.6 Baoli at Hindu Rao ordered a guard to be posted here permanently.
3. STATUS:
Being listed by ASI, it also graded as Archaeological Value A in “Delhi The Built Heritage: A Listing’’
by the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH).
The blue-board declaring its status is missing.
4. ACCESS:
1. LOCATION: •The Baoli has been fenced and locked making it
Radiology and Imaging Department , Hindu Rao Hospital, Hindu Rao Marg, off Rajpur Marg, Civil inaccessible.
Lines (immediately adjacent to western entrance to Hindu Rao Hospital)ordered a guard to be •A fence has been built on top of the historic wall
posted here permanently. of the “baoli.

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 5. SURROUNDING/ EDGES:

•Sewer from the adjacent buildings should not drain into the baoli.
Flanked by the Radiology & Imaging Dept. of •All the Services pipes running from inside the baoli should be rerouted.
Hindu Rao Hospital on two sides & roads on •The baoli should be cleaned from the garbage and the sewerage accumulated and no further
the other sides dumping should be allowed.
•Signage indicating the name, status and historical relevance of the baoli should be installed outside
6. PRESENT CONDITION: the structure.
•A 200-metre tunnel was discovered leading •Signage indicating the presence and location of the baoli should be installed at places in the
from the north wall of the baoli having campus and approach roads.
ventilation shafts and doorways, but the •Removal of encroachments.
purpose for which it was built is not known. •The baoli has a superstructure with arches, it should be illuminated so that it is visible during the
• Almost completely covered under a mini- night.
Portions of the facade have also collapsed
jungle, its features are lost in the green leaves of over the years, though the structure still has •The Baoli could be integrated with the Heritage trail and can be frequented by historians, tourists
the pipal tree growing in the middle. striking architectural features and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks.
3.7 Hazrat Nizamuddin Baoli
AD.
LODI RO
The structure is deteriorating & is in a state of neglect. The water reservoirs and remains of drains, etc., were
intended for supplying water to the Kushk-i-Shikar or
jahan-Numa palace of Firoz Shah.
HAZRAT NIZAMUDDIN KI
BAOLI
LALA LAJPAT RAI

ROAD.
1. LOCATION:
Accumulated stagnant water & the vegetative outgrowth is further decaying the baoli The baoli is situated in Nizamuddin west attached to the Hazrat Nizamuddin dargah.
7. RECOMMENDATIONS: 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:

•Restoration of the structure: The structure of the baoli is in a state of distress; with the broken •It is over 160 feet deep, built in 1321-22.
steps and edges, it becomes inaccessible. •At the time when Ghiyas-ud-din had commissioned work on his massive fortress-citadel that was
•Recharge of aquifer: Revival of the water body would activate the baoli and its precincts. to be known as Tughlaqabad after his dynasty’s nomenclature , labourers and masons were already
• The Baoli should be rendered free of all the vegetative overgrowth so that it does not damage absorbed in the construction of Hazrat Nizamuddin’s baoli.
the structure.


5.THREATS:
•The Baoli sits in a tight urban settlement with
buildings around encroaching right up to the
edges.
•Several historic structures around the baoli
are lost since they have been modified and
occupied due to the increasing urban pressure
HAZRAT in the area.
NIZAMUDDIN KI
BAOLI •Sewage water from the surrounding houses
and the wuzu water drains into the baoli
polluting its water.
•Several pilgrims believe that the water is pure
n has healing power drink the polluted water of
the baoli.
•Though the baoli remains locked most time of
the day, children from the neighbourhood areas
have been seen diving and bathing into the
baoli. The Baoli stays locked most of the time. The locals &
•The sultan decreed that all workers would the pilgrims are allowed access inside
henceforth work only on the construction of 6. RESTORATION:
his fortress and not take any other projects Recently, the Aga Khan Trust for Culture
till it was completed. Out of respect & (AKTC) restored much of the baoli
adoration for the saint, the devout workers to its original state with LASER SCAN
began working on the fortress during TECHNOLOGY & EXHAUSTIVE GROUND
the day and on the baoli during the night. PENETRATING RADAR SURVEY.
Enraged, Ghiyas-ud-din banned the sale of oil
for lighting the lamps – Sheikh Nizamuddin
overcame this obstacle by blessing the baoli’s
water and asking his workers to light their
lamps with it – miraculously, the lamps lit up
with ordinary water.
3. STATUS:
The baoli is an ASI protected monument..
4 ACCESS:
Three sides of the baoli are surrounded
by walls and one side has a flight of stairs
leading to the water.
The side which has the stairs has a gate Old Images & sketches of the Baoli
Old Images & sketches of the Baoli Image Source: Pixelated Memories
which is locked from time to time during the Image Source: Pixelated Memories - Hazrat Nizamuddin Baoli in 1858 from
Illustrated London News
day to prevent overcrowding the baoli.


The process involved – The AKTC has born relocation costs for shifting several families to alternate housing sites (being
•Emptying the tank of its water in order to pump out the sewage & toxic sludge to improve the provided by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi) and is even paying for their upkeep
water quality,
•Relaying leaking sewage lines, rebuilding the collapsed portions, Action Taken
•Restoration of the arched windows and addition of jaalis (stone lattice screens) on the windows, Approvals for the major renovations were sought and received from the National Monument
•Clearing of the passageways connecting the Dargah and the baoli Authority, Archaeological Survey of India and the South Delhi Municipal Corporation.
•A forgotten passage has also been discovered – it supposedly connects Hazrat Nizamuddin’s
tomb with the baoli and was used exclusively by the saint and his close associates. In order to achieve the objectives of seeking three feet depth on the Baoli side, the structure
•The underground fountain has also been discovered. required to be completely dismantled. This was required to be done carefully as several abutting
•The rectangular tank is lined with grey Delhi quartzite stone (each stone fragment was X-rayed structures were resting on this structure.
from multiple directions to spot any voids behind the wall);The gaps where portions of the walls
had collapsed or caved in have been filled; Next Steps
•Passageways connecting the baoli to the Dargah are no longer unkempt, but faced with white Rebuilding of the structure with a facade that does not disfigure the historic character.
plaster and marble that add luster and a certain degree of respect to the once-dilapidated Reconstruction of the Baoli arcade and conservation of the Chini ka Burj
structures (though they are still brimming with beggars who sit/lie against the walls or roam around Conservation of Gogabai’s Tomb
asking for alms and food).Conservation effort is now focussed on the western facade where in
addition to planned conservation works of Gogabai Tomb, Chini ka Burj, alterations to a residential
structure are being carried out to restore the arcade seen in archival images.
• Pir Khwaja Ahmed Nizami Syed Bukhari, Sajjadahnashin and Muttawalli, Dargah Hazrat
Nizamuddin kindly agreed to push back his residential building standing atop the Baoli by 3 feet –
the required space to reconstruct the arcade.
The well of the Baoli during cleaning up
Documentation of the Baoli during the restoration

process
Source: Nizamuddin Urban Renewal Initiative
Various images of the Baoli
www.nizamuddinrenewal.org/

7. PRESENT SITUATION: 3.8 Agrasen Ki Baoli

•The tombs and the rest of the remaining 1. LOCATION:
terrace portion have been severely encroached The 14th Century Baoli is located on Hailey
upon and badly need attention. lane off Hailey road.
•The plaster has mostly disappeared from the
walls exposing the bricks and rubble. 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
•The ornamentation work has also been lost, It is not certain who built this step-well, Agrasen
arches have been filled in with bricks to close ki Baoli, though some credit a king called
them off and make rooms out of tombs. Agrasen. The Agrasen ki Baoli, named after
•Some new construction is also taking place as Raja Agrasen of the Mahabharata, is believed
balconies are being added. to have been built during the 10th century
• During the rainy season, there is enough BC and rebuilt in 14th-century by the Agrawal
water in the baoli to hide most or its entire community which traces its origin to Maharaja
stairs while the summers reduce the water level Agrasen.
as the temperature rises. The structure does find mention in the 12th-
century Sanskrit work “Pasanahacariu”, penned
8. RECOMMENDATIONS: by an Agarawal poet Vibudh Shridhar who
•Recharge of aquifer: Revival and cleaning of Water from WUZU and sewer water from the resided in Delhi during the reign of the Tomar
the water body on regular basis would activate surroundings draining into the baoli
king Anangpal III (ruled AD 1151-80).
the baoli and its precincts. An old map dated 1868 at the National
•The baoli should be easily accessible to the Archives of India in New Delhi, made by
general public and not only the pilgrims. British officials, records the now-famous baoli’s
Access route to the baoli should be defined name as ‘Oojer Sain’s Bowlee.’ The map shows
since the area is very congested and narrow another ‘boli to the immediate north-west of
lanes lead to the water body. Agrasen Ki Baoli. It seems to have disappeared
•The baoli should be cleaned from the garbage during the urban expansion after 1911, when
and the sewerage accumulated and no further the capital of India shifted from Calcutta to
dumping should be allowed. Sewer from the New Delhi.
adjacent buildings should not drain into the
baoli. 3. STATUS
•Public awareness: Creating awareness through It is under ASI protection.
Heritage walks and documentations would also
generate a sense of importance of the baoli 4. ARCHITECTURE:
within the neighbourhood. This would prevent According to Archaeological Survey of India
the disuse of the structure. (ASI), Agrasen Ki Baoli measures 58.52 metres x
The structures surrounding the baoli are in a state
•Signage indicating the name, status and of distress though revival of the old structures and 13.71 meters at ground level.
historical relevance of the baoli should be removal of encroachments is still in process
It has been constructed by putting together
installed outside the structure. uneven stone units, usually called ‘rubble
•Signage indicating the presence and location masonry.’ The monument is divided into four
of the baoli should be installed on the approach levels with a flight of 108 steep steps leading
roads. down to the well. The steps are flanked by
•The baoli walls are adorned with arches, it thick walls on both the sides with two series of Various images of the Baoli
should be illuminated arched niches at the first and second levels.

3.9 Baoli at Wazirpur Monument Complex, R.K. Puram, Sector 5

Each series of niches are divided into two levels
— the top level is a shallow ‘false niche’ which
seems to be there more for the purpose of
TA
design. However, the lower niche is deep and
M
IL
S
can easily fit two people, serving as a meeting
AN
GA
place and providing relief from the heat. There
M
M
AR
are passages and rooms inside the baoli, which ARG
G
M
OTI
AK
are now locked and inaccessible. KAM
At the northern end of the baoli is a circular

well measuring 7.8 meters in diameter. It
G
is covered by iron grills at the top and is AR
M
D
connected to the baoli through a shaft. In the AN
K AN
past, as the water rose in the well, it would fill VE
VI
the baoli from the bottom to the top level.
On the west corner of Agrasen Ki Baoli, above
the flight of stairs, is a small mosque. A portion
PA
L
AM
of the roof had fallen off a long time back. Old
M
AR
photos and records have always shown the
G
mosque as we see it today. Various images of the Baoli
Map Showing Location of the the Monument Complex at RK Puram, Sector 5 and its approach roads
The four pillars made of red sandstone, which support the roof, stand out against the general Base Map Source: Google Earth
design of the mosque. The columns, ‘quite unusually’, are carved with Buddhist-chaitya motifs
1. LOCATION:
(a chaitya is a Buddhist shrine). The spandrels (the space between the arch and the rectangular
Wazirpur Monument Complex,
enclosure) are decorated with ‘stucco medallions’ (the medallion is made of stucco, a material
R.K. Puram Sector– 5, Delhi
which is applied wet and hardens into a dense solid when it drys up).
5. ACCESS
The Baoli can be accessed from the by lanes of Hailey road.
The structure is fenced and gated, its manned by security guards and is frequently visited.
TEMPLE
6. SURROUNDINGS/ EDGES RK PURAM SEC. 5

GURUDWARA.
Even though it can be reached easily, Agrasen Ki Baoli remains hidden among the tall buildings,
residential societies and bungalows on the periphery of Connaught Place. Photos from the 1920s PRIMARY MONUMENT
COMPLEX G
SCHOOL AR
show vast expanse of open land around the baoli. D
M
AN
K AN
VE
7. RECOMMENDATIONS: VI
the structure. Signage indicating the presence and location of the baoli should be installed at places
in the campus and approach roads.
•The baoli has a superstructure with arches, it should be illuminated so that it is visible during the
night.
•The Baoli could be integrated with the Heritage trail and can be frequented by historians, tourists Map Showing the Monument Complex at RK Puram, Sector 5and its surroundings
Base Map Source: Google Earth
and heritage enthusiasts


The Monument complex, a congregation of Lodhi-era (AD 1451-1526) rubble-built structures
3. MONUMENT COMPLEX:

Nestled in an extremely small green space that barely defines the boundaries till which the
medieval monuments spread out, consists of a cluster of five tombs the identity of whose
occupants is unknown, one wall mosque (“qiblas”), a stepwell (“baoli”), a well and two grave
platform.
Various images of the Qibla- the wall mosque
4. STATUS: 5.THE MONUMENT COMPLEX:
Listed by ASI The smaller mosque is located on a high platform just near the baoli. There is a cenotaph and on
one side there is a wall looking towards the west. The western wall is basically the wall mosque
facing which the devotees used to offer prayers and it has five “mihrabs” on it, the central one
BAOLI TOMB TOMB being the largest one.
TOMB TOMB TOMB The walls have signs of colourful design and adorned with calligraphy although much of it has
decayed now. The wall is flanked by small bastions and sidewalls although the minarets on the four
corners of the mosque as well as the southern wall have collapsed. There are also a couple of
graves on an elevated platform and as usual, we are not sure who lies beneath.
source: http://www.sodelhi.com/forts-monuments/rk-puram-sector-5-baoli-and-wall-mosque-new-delhi
TOMB
GURUDWARA
HISTORIC WALL
Images of the site explaining the components of the monument complex
Image Source: http://pixels-memories.blogspot.in/2014/07/wazirpur-monument-complex-rk-puram.html
GRAVE QIBLA BAOLI

PLATFORM
Various images of the monument complex

3.10 Purana Qila Baoli

1. LOCATION:
Purana Qila.

The fort believed to be the capital of the
Pandavas, 5000 years ago, re built by the
Afghan king Sher Shah Suri, was perhaps the
site of Indraprastha. The fort has three arched
gateways and the Bada Darwaza (Big Gate)
facing the west, which is the main entry gate,
leads directly to the Baoli. The step-well is well
placed between the single-domed Qila-i-Kuhna
Mosque and the double-storeyed octagonal
Steps leading to the Baoli Water channel emerging from the Baoli
tower called Sher Mandal
3. STATUS
•The shallow baoli, the simplest and smallest seen in Delhi, is a fairly uncomplicated structure and It is under ASI protection.
possesses a domed turret on each of the two corners where it emerges from the ground.
4. ARCHITECTURE
•A staircase leads down to the tank level which is filled up with garbage, plastic bottles, polythene Ascending down to 22 metres this stepwell
and wrappers as well as rubble and construction debris, but incidentally there is not a drop of was an important source of water. It could have
water. been the only source.
Since the fort stood on an elevation, the well
•Stone-built water channels emerge from the baoli and end mid-stride in the middle of the lawn. had to be dug deeper. The structure is designed
on the lowest contoured level. A narrow flight
6. RECOMMENDATIONS:
of steep 89 steps, separated by 8 landings and
going down to a depth of 22 meters, gave way
•Removal of encroachments: Removing the squatter settlement, jhuggi and other encroachments
for access to the ground water. The structure
around the baoli.
was built to keep the water covered and to
•The monument complex to be made accessible physically and visually with a transparent
minimize its evaporation.
boundary wall and access gates facing the road.
Built in sandstone, the position of each landing
•The complex to be integrated with the central green in the foreground and linking the greens
is marked by recessed niches on side walls. A
with pedestrian circulation.
series of gradually receding arches of various Various images of the fenced & inaccessible
•Strengthening the pedestrian circulation within the complex. Purana Qila Baoli
sizes form the roof. The stone is used only
•Signage indicating the name, status and historical relevance of the baoli and other components of as a cladding material in the baoli. It is fenced from all sides and is kept locked 24x7, keeping in
the complex like the Tombs, Qibla and well should be installed outside the structure. mind the safety of people as well as the structure
•Signage indicating the presence and location of the baoli should be installed at places in the 5. RECOMMENDATIONS:
campus and approach roads. •Recharge of aquifer: Revival of the water body would activate the baoli and its precincts.
•The tombs in the complex are visible from the peripheral roads surrounding the sector. These •The Baoli is tightly fenced off, with fencing installed right upto the parapet walls of the structure.
could be illuminated so that people driving by are aware of the historic complex in the vicinity. Though it is being done for security reasons, it limits the visual plane and restricts visual accessibility.
•The Baoli could be integrated with the Heritage trail and can be frequented by historians, tourists The Baoli to be enclosed including a certain width of peripheral area.
and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks. •The Baoli could be integrated with the Heritage trail and can be frequented by historians, tourists
•Photo walks and public awareness programs can be carried out to bring in people. and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks.

3.11 Lal Qila Baoli

5. ACCESS
Entry is prohibited on the context that it is heavily snake infested.
1. LOCATION:
Inside the Red Fort Complex in Shahjahanabad.
6. RECOMMENDATIONS:
the structure.
It is belived that the baoli dates back to Tughlaq-era. Some historians concede that it might have
•Signage indicating the presence and location of the baoli should be installed at places in the
also been used by the inhabitants of Salimgarh Fort that pre-dates the Red Fort and was integrated
campus and approach roads.
with the Red Fort itself as a garrison by Shahjahan. Shahjahan extensively renovated the baoli to
•The Baoli could be integrated with the Heritage trail and can be frequented by historians, tourists
suit his fine tastes. It is an accepted fact that Red Fort was built on the ruins of earlier city, hence,
and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks.
there are many chances of its existence prior of construction of Red Fort.
The British when they occupied the fort converted the chambers into jail rooms. Officers P.K.
Sehgal, Shah Nawaz Khan & G.S. Dhillon – the heroes of the Indian National Army (INA) were
incarcerated here in 1945-46 during the course of their trial. After the British left, the baoli came
under the control of Indian Army and then the CRPF. It was allowed to be reclaimed by vegetation
and weeds and put to use as a dump yard.
3. STATUS
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) took it from the CRPF in 2002 and restored it.
Images of Lal Qila Baoli
ASI dismantled the toilets and other additions built within the baoli by the British. A 2002 Times
of India report noted that it would be converted into a tourist-cum-cultural spot, honouring the
3.12 Rajon Ki Baoli, Mehrauli Archeological Park
heroes of the INA and the freedom struggle.
ANANGTAL BAOLI
GANDHAK KI BAOLI

Image source: :Delhi Heritage Walks with Sohail Hashmi - WordPress.com RAJON KI BAOLI
4. ARCHITECTURE
QUTAB SAHIB
It has a distinct structure with stairs from two sides at 90 degree capping at the circular water pit KI BAOLI
bounded by the rectangular ledges. The stairs of the baoli are slightly elongated as compared to
other making it easier and comfortable to access.
Map Showing Location of the Baolis in Mehrauli Base Map Source: Google Earth
1. LOCATION:
Mehrauli Archeological Park

The Rajon ki Baoli is a relic of the last pre-Mughal dynasty, the Lodhis. It is believed to have been
Image source: :Delhi Heritage Walks with Sohail Hashmi - WordPress.com built by Daulat Khan in the time of Sikander Lodhi. It is said to have been used for some time

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS by Raj Mistri (masons). Pluralised, that is how the structure got its name. Since most of the

structure is subterranean, only the topmost storey is visible above the ground. Though the baoli is well maintained the water in the Rajon Ki Baoli has long dried up and has
come to be known as the sukha baoli or the dry well. Even in the height of monsoon one can only
3. ACCESS: find traces of black greasy water at the very bottom.
The step well can be accessed by walking through the Mehrauli archeological trail.
Deep steps lead down to the water from the North, while the East and West sides are enclosed
by high walls with narrow sides that include a platform to walk on.
The rectangular shaped building consists of a deep well shaft that can be accessed through the
large staircase. An open niche in the south wall acts as a passage and joins the well to the water
tank.
Covered corridor with arched opening to provide shade & There are rooms at each floor which once
shelter enclose the Baoli provided a cool resting place for people
7. SURROUNDINGS:
The Baoli sits in a dense vegetative setting facing a tomb.
8. RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. Recharge of aquifer: Revival of the water body would activate the baoli and its precincts.
It has a series of steps forming four stages, each in descending size, with floors at each stage, leading to the water 2. Since the Archeological park is frequented by people, seating spaces and utility services to be
level from the surrounding ground level provided so as to ensure maintenance of the area.
3. Signage indicating the presence and location of the baoli should be integrated with the Qutab
tourist circuit to draw in more people.
3.13 Loharehri Baoli, Dwarka, Sector 12

1. LOCATION:
Located in a barren stretch of land between a residential society and a private school on Azad
Hind Fauj Marg, Sector 12, Dwarka
The Baoli during rains The Baoli during dry seasons 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:
It was constructed for the residents of Loharehri village by the Sultans of the Lodi Dynasty in the
4. STATUS: early 16th century. Dwarka now stands where the Loharehri village once stood
The step well of Rajon Ki Baoli has been restored in the early 2000 by the Indian National Trust “Loharheri Baoli” deriving from the contiguous presence of a small settlement of iron smiths
for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) with the assistance of the Archaeological Survey of India (“lohar”) whose hydrological and congregational requirements the tiny edifice was to fulfil.
(ASI).
3. ACCESS:
5. RESTORATION: Accessed via a narrow wicket-gate puncturing the high walls enveloping the towering Gangotri
Over the centuries the well got silted up. It has since been de silted. Apartments whose peripheries adjoins.
The Archaeological Survey of India has carried out de silting operations of the well which was silted
to a depth of 20 feet (6.1 m), during 2004–05. As a result, the water level had risen by 20 ft. and 4. STATUS:
60 steps in the well. The baoli has been restored by INTACH Delhi Chapter.


AZ
AD
HI
ND
FA
UJ
MA
RG
LOHAREHRI
BAOLI
Garbage dumping outside the fenced Baoli Garbage dumping and squatter settlement in the vacant
area around the Baoli
•The baoli remains fenced off and due to lack

of maintenance weeds have started to crop up
on the structure which if not taken care of, will
eventually deteriorate the baoli.
Vacant area around the Baoli •There is no signage indicating the presence
of a baoli on the abutting roads. Due to lack
of information and maintenance, the squatters
Map Showing Location of the Loharehri baoli and its surroundings
have started settling around the vacant site.
The INTACH plan includes landscaping the surroundings, scientific conservation, chemical cleaning •The stepwell is constructed using rubble
and preservation, developing a cultural notice board, signage and illuminating the monument Damaged signage board masonry, common in monuments of that
displaying the plan,
section and information
period. Along the steps, two levels of arches are
5. ARCHITECTURE about the site clearly visible
The structure shows typical Lodi era architecture with prominent arches along the steps and a well
at the end of the baoli. The stepwell is constructed using rubble masonry, common in monuments
of that period. Along the steps, two levels of arches are clearly visible
The Baoli sits in a vacant land enclosed by a toe wall The fenced Baoli is an isolated entity on the site
marking the plot
•The baoli has been extensively restored and maintained
•This three-tiered baoli exists within a vast vacant land.
•The water level has receded leaving the well dry.
•Baoli being an unadorned, rubble masonry-built underground monument is unfailingly easy to miss
even from the immediate vicinity. Pictures of the baoli before & after restoration
mage source http://exploreheritage.in/rediscovering-heritage-dwarka-baoli/


6. RECOMMENDATIONS:
•The Baoli should be rendered free of all the vegetative overgrowth so that it does not damage
the structure.
•Signage indicating the name, status and historical relevance of the baoli should be installed outside RUINS ENTRY GATEWAY
the structure.
•Signage indicating the presence and location of the baoli should be installed on the approach
roads.
•The baoli sits in an isolated barren area. The empty land to be developed to as to invite people.
ARAB KI SARAI
Photowalks and open gallery could be developed to create public awareness and interest.
WELL
•Removal of encroachments: Squatter settlement has started cropping on the barren land.
•Public awareness: Creating awareness through Heritage walks and documentations would also
generate a sense of importance of the baoli within the neighbourhood. This would prevent the
disuse of the structure.
BAOLI
Map Showing Location of the Arab ki Sarai baoli and its various components
3.14 Arab Sarai Ki Baoli
PARKING HUMAYUN’S
TOMB
ARAB KI
ISA KHAN’S SARAI
TOMB
Site pictures of the baoli
2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
This sarai is supposed to have been built by Haji Begum for three hundred Arab mullahs (priests)
whom she had brought from Mecca, hence the name Arab Sarai. A baradari (pavilion) occupies the
Map Showing Location of the Arab ki Sarai baoli and its placement in the Humayun’s Tomb Complex centre of the eastern wall and a hammam (bath chamber) in the centre of northern wall. Arab-ki-
sarai baoli is among the several smaller monuments surrounding Humayun’s Tomb.
1. LOCATION:
The baoli is situated in Nizamuddin area and can be accessed from the humayun’s tomb complex.
This L-shaped baoli was built to quench the thirst of the over 300 Persian artisans who stayed in
while constructing Arab-ki-sarai.

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS 3. STATUS

Gandak-ki-
Anang Tal Baoli, Qutab Sahib ki Firoz Shah
Being a part of the Humayun’s tomb complex, it has been declared “World Heritage Site”. Baoli, Tughlaqabad
Yogmaya Kotla Baoli,
Baoli Baoli Mehrauli Fort Baolis
temple, Firoz Shah
It is under ASI protection. Mehrauli Mehrauli Archeological Kotla Fort
Park
Age 10th Century 12th century 13th century 13th century 13th century
Physical Access None •Can be Lies on the Lies in the Firoz •Lies in the
accessed edges of the shah kotla fort Tughlaqabad
through the Mehrauli premises. fort premises.
Bakhtiyar Kaki Archeological •It is physically •There is no
Dargah. Park, it is well accessible organised
•Has limited physically well as per location access to the
access on accessible as but stays fenced baolis other
fridays during per location but off than the kutcha
festivals and for stays fenced off trail.
women
Arches on the wall of the well Visual Access None None Well accessible Well accessible None
Signages None None Signage present Signage present None
4. PRESENT SITUATION : outside the outside the
•The L Shaped baoli has a narrow row of baoli indicating baoli indicating
the name and the name and
steps descending to the water. status. status.
•The structure as well as the Sarai are in Resources Vaguely •Vaguely Mentioned Mentioned in Vaguely
The baoli’s well Steps leading to the baoli Available mentioned in mentioned extensively in books, online mentioned in
ruins and though the area sits in the blogs & travel •Is known to books, online blogs & travel
recently restored and visited Humayun’s Tomb complex, it is an isolated site. articles online the locals and is well articles online
known
•The is water in the baoli though the source is unknown. Significance Oldest baoli in •The baoli gets •Extensively It is the only •Historic baolis,
•The workers and the maintenance staff consider the water clean and use it for washing. Delhi less frequently visited CIRCULAR get rarely
visited. --It is a part baoli in Delhi frequented.
•The garbage of Mehrauli and is a part of
from the Archeological one of the most
5. RECOMMENDATIONS: surroundings Heritage walks visited tourist
•Restoration of the structure: The structure of the baoli is in a state of distress; with the broken gets dumped spot but since it
here inspite of is fenced off, it
steps and edges, it becomes inaccessible. being associated is a less popular
•The Baoli should be rendered free of all the vegetative overgrowth so that it does not damage with the dargah. baoli
the structure. Threats It is burried Neglect, lack of Encroachment: The baoli is •The baolis and
•Recharge of aquifer: Revival of the water body would activate the baoli and its precincts. under dense information and the fenced off , the the premises
vegetation encroachment construction structure is are in ruins.
•Signage indicating the name, status and historical relevance of the baoli should be installed outside & with no around the degrading •The place
the structure. information baoli has stays deserted
available; the cropped up even during
•Signage indicating the presence and location of the baoli should be installed at places in the baoli will be right upto the day
campus and approach roads. probably lost. the edges inducing unsafe
diminishing environment.
•The baoli has a superstructure with arches, it should be illuminated. the physical
presence of the
•The Baoli could be integrated with the Heritage trail and can be frequented by historians, tourists baoli
and heritage enthusiasts during heritage walks. Potential for The baoli sits the baoli can Access to the The baoli could •The baolis and
development in an open be revived and baoli could be be opened up the premises
vegetative made accessible defined and for heritage to be revived
land with with minimum developed awareness. structurally.
dense trees. intervention . to allow easy •The
The structure Since the baoli circulation. pedestrian
needs to be is associated access to the
revived and the with the baolis should be
surroundings dargah it could established with
could be become a part signage and
developed to of the heritage lighting so as
invite people. and religious to ensure safe
circuit. environment to
the visitors.


Wazirpur Rajon ki Baoli,
Hindu Rao Agrasen ki Lal Qila Baoli Mehrauli Loharheri Baoli,
Nizamuddin Monument Purana Qila Baoli Arab ki Sarai Baoli
Baoli Baoli, Baoli Archeological Dwarka Sec 12
ki Baoli Complex,RK Baoli
Malka Ganj Hailey Road Park
Puram Sec 5
Age 13th Century 13th century 14th century 14th century 14th century Age 14th Century 16th century 16th century 16th century
Physical Accessible from Is easily Sits in a quiet Easily accessible, The baoli sits in Physical Lies in the Red Lies in the Mehrauli Lies at the edges of It can be accessed
Access the internal accessible but area on Hailey Sits in a the Purana Qila Access Fort. Archeological Park, a residential campus, from the Humayun’s
campus road but stays fenced off. road. It is well residential complex, it is Is easily accessible it is well accessible physically well Tomb complex
stays fenced off. Only pilgrims accessible. green. easily accessible but lies in an accessible but stays
and locals are but stays fenced isolated corner fenced off
allowed to visit off. less frequented by
the structure visitors.
Visual Well accessible Well accessible Well accessible
The dome of Well accessible Visual Access None Well accessible Well accessible None
Access the complex is Signages Signage marking Signage present Signage present There are no signage
visible from the the baoli is present outside the baoli inside the baoli fence marking the presence
surroundings outside the indicating the name indicating the name of the Baoli
Signages Signage marking Signage present Signage present Signage with Signage present structure but no and status. and status
the baoli is outside the outside the information outside the other information,
present outside baoli indicating baoli indicating about the baoli baoli indicating name or status is
the structure the name and the name and are absent. the name and available
but no other status. status. status. Resources Mentioned in Mentioned Recently revived by It is one of the least
information, Available books, online extensively in INTACH, the baoli known baoli even to
name or status is books, online and has been published in the locals and the
available is well known newspapers and the guides.
Resources Vaguely It is a well Mentioned Vaguely Mentioned in information is available
Available mentioned in known baoli extensively in mentioned in books, online online
blogs & travel and has been books, online blogs & travel and is known Significance It is a huge It is a grand well The baoli had It is one of a L-
articles online extensively and is well articles online rectangular baoli preserved baoli, deteriorated Shaped baoli
published. known with access from easy accessible. completely and was
Significance The rectangular •The stepwell It is one of the The baoli is It is a part of two sides buried under loads of
baoli covers a is visited by most popular a part of a one of the most earth and plantation
huge area, it pilgrims and baoli, mostly monument visited tourist over the years. It has
has L- Shaped tourists.. frequented by complex, spot but since been recently revived
staircase leading college students visited by the it is fenced off, by INTACH
to the water people from making it less
the surrounding popular Threats The baoli inspite •Lack of Even after its revival, Lack of information
residences of being a part of maintenance the baoli does not get about the baoli and
the red fort gets •Dried up water maintained, vegetative deterioration of the
Threats The hospital Neglect and •Lack of A primary The Baoli is not widely neglected source growth has already structure
discharges sewer encroachment maintenance school, some visible since its from the visitors begun in the structure.
into the baoli, •Dried up squatter tightly fenced since it sits in an
sewer pipes water source settlement off. It gets easy isolated corner
run across the and dhalao neglected. with insufficient
structure, it is in have begun to signage marking its
a state of neglect encroach into location.
with vegetation the monument
growing into complex. This Potential for Signage marking The information The baoli has a large Arab ki Sarai as a
the baoli has affected the development the location of about the baoli open space in the whole could be
deteriorating the random rubble the baoli can be should be foreground which revived along with
structure enclosure walls installed to create integrated in the could be developed the Baoli. It has a
awareness. Qutub tourist to invite people which large green space
Potential for It is a huge baoli The baoli can Access to the The baoli sits The baoli could circuit so as to will also facilitate its for gathering which
develope- with a grand be revived and baoli could be in a lavish, well be opened up bring in more maintenance. could encourage
-ment superstructure. made accessible defined and maintained for heritage visitors. photo walks and
The structure with minimum developed complex, with awareness. cultural festivals which
needs intervention . to allow easy a huge green will also facilitate its
restoration with Since the baoli circulation. area and could maintenance.
edges and access is associated be developed
with the to attract more
dargah it could locals and
become a part tourists
of the heritage
and religious
circuit.

Strategy for rejuvenation of baoli precincts
SECTION 4
4. Strategy for Rejuvenation of Baoli Precincts
• The Timeline
• The Landuse
• The Location
• The Surroundings
• The Edges
• Green/ open space structure in the neighborhood
• Site levels
• Existing planting survey
• Design strategies
• Design proposal
• Area Details
• Story board/ Photo panels
58 CITY LEVEL Project

59
4.1 Wazirpur Monument Complex, R.K. Puram, Sector 5 - Timeline 4.3 The Location

10th Century 12th Century 13th Century
•Anangtal Baoli •Qutab Sahib ki Baoli •Gandhak-ki-Baoli
•Firoz Shah Kotla Baoli
•Tughlaqabad Fort Baolis
•Hindu Rao Baoli
•Nizamuddin ki Baoli
MAHATMA GANDHI ROAD
RK PURAM Hyatt
RG
MA
Regency
16th Century 14th-15th Century
SECTOR 5 Bhikaji Kama Place
D
AN
TA
AN
MI MAR
•Rajon ki Baoli •Agrasen ki Baoli
LS G
EK
AN
VIV
GA
•Loharheri Baoli •Wazirpur Monument Complex, RK
M
•Arab ki Sarai Baoli Puram Sec 5
•Purana Qila Baoli RK PURAM
SECTOR 5
G
AR
•Lal Qila Baoli
M
D
AN
4.2 The Landuse
N
KA
VE
VI
HAUZ KHAS DISTRICT PARK
O
UT
ER
RIN
G
RO
AD
Map Showing Connectivity of RK Puram, sector 5 with major roads

The monument complex sits in

a residential area in RK Puram
TA
M
IL
Sector 5.
SA
N
G
AM
M
AR
G
G WAZIRPUR MONUMENT
AR
IM COMPLEX
OT
M AK
KA
G
AR
M
D
AN
N
EKA
V IV
PA
LA
M
M
AR
G
Map Showing the immediate surroundings of RK Puram, sector 5
The Site is located in the heart of the residential area flanked by roads. It is easily accessible. It is
demarcated as public green and is used by the locals as a park.

4.4 The Surroundings

The residential development and the
Neighbourhood park form the immediate
surroundings to the Monument Complex.
Temporary commercial shops View of Sai temple with temporary Transformers at the edge of
commercial shops in the foreground the monument complex
Cobbler’s
temporary shop
Map indicating the location of the Monument complex Dulhao & vacant Grave
in RK Puram, sector 5
Base Map Source: Google Earth land for garbage platform
dumping & sorting Temporary
commercial shops like
tent houses, property
brokers, parlors
Sai temple
Gurudwara
Primary
school
Baoli Transformers
RK Puram, sector 5
Qibla
1.THE LOCATION
Wazirpur Monument Complex, Grave platform Well Site Area- 17, 920 sq.m.
R.K. Puram Sector– 5, Delhi = 4.42 Acres

•Stepping through the iron gate, one can either first head towards the rubble-built baoli and the
The Monument complex, a congregation of Lodhi-era (AD 1451-1526) rubble-built structures
smaller qibla, or climb up the stairs to examine the tomb cluster – the two sets are on either side
of the pathway that demarcates the area.
3. MONUMENT COMPLEX:
•Nestled in an extremely small green space that barely defines the boundaries till which the
4. STATUS:
medieval monuments spread out, consists of a cluster of five tombs the identity of whose
Listed by ASI
occupants is unknown, one wall mosque (“qiblas”), a stepwell (“baoli”), a separate well and two
grave platforms. SOURCE: Pixelated Memories

4.6 Green/Open Space Structure in the Neighborhood

Gurudwara Vacant land used to dump
garbage
Neighbourhood park Well maintained lawn area
(ASI)
Janta adarsh vidya mandir- Temple

primary school
Fenced open space used as Neighbourhood parks

a sociocultural area (MCD) (area= 600sq.m.)
Squatter settlement Neighbourhood parks
Vacant land used to dump Large well maintained

garbage neighbourhood park
(area= 9500sq.m.) CPWD
Dhalao Area for transformers
4.5 The Edges

4.7 The Access
•The original wall of the On the rear side of the

complex survives in one complex is a low toe wall
stretch of the boundary. without a fence which
•It is a random rubble high ACCESS:
supports the high plinth.
wall, plain from outside and The Monument complex is
has well preserved niches on accessible from the Vivekananda
the inside. Marg.
The entry to the complex is
through the local road of the
sector 5 residential area
An additional toe wall with

a low fence separates
the monument and the
Gurudwara though the buffer
area is a left over land.
•The Monument is accessed

through a side entry along the
Gurudwara; the entry is hardly
visible.
•The edge of the complex
which has the primary school •It is a narrow lane sandwiched
has a non pours plastered brick between the Gurudwara and the
wall obstructing the view of the •The complex is Enclosed by a rubble wall with a fence primary school which opens up
monuments above it on three sides. into the huge complex.
•The primary school has encroached the baoli •The entry to the complex is hardly visible.
•A stone signage outside the boundary wall mentions the •The entry to the monument complex is not prominent and visually monumental as
right upto its walls with no buffer and the plastic
wall mosque (qibla) inside. the complex itself hence remains under rated and hides the monuments within its
sheets which form the temporary walls of the
walls.
school are visible from inside the complex.

4.8 Site Levels

Site Boundary
UPPER PLINTH Physical Barrier-

Toe Wall
Lvl +2.0m
The isolated tomb is accessed by lower plinth but by climbing 9 steps. Its plinth level matches that of the upper
Lvl +0.5m
plinth
LOWER PLINTH
Lvl +0.3m
•The site is at a higher

elevation than the rest of the Lvl 00.00
surroundings by approximately
300mm.
•The four tombs are enclosed with a toe wall, rest on a upper plinth which is graded to slope the
surface water into the baoli.
•The lower plinth slopes towards the wells. The tombs on the upper plinth are enclosed by a stone rubble retaining wall.
Localised slopes created on the site to drain surface water Rear view of the upper plinth’s stone rubble retaining wall.

4.9 Existing

Planting Survey
The Campus is lush green with a lot of mature trees
02 Nos.
Azadirachta indica
05 Nos.
Azadirachta
01 Nos. Syzygium cumini indica
01 Nos. Syzygium cumini Young Alistonia scholaris trees lining the boundary wall
02 Nos. Ficus benjamina

04 Nos. The periphery of the complex
02 No. Polyalthia Longifolia Azadirachta indica is densely planted with young
Alstonia scholaris filling in the
01 No. Ficus benjamina 03 Nos. Alstonia
02 Nos. scholaris gaps of the mature plantation
Schleichera oleosa 02 Nos. Alstonia
02 No. Polyalthia Longifolia scholaris •The Complex is dotted with a
04 Nos. Mimusops elengi 03 Nos. Alstonia large number of mature trees of
scholaris Azadirachta indica(Neem), Ficus
01 Nos. Syzygium cumini 03 Nos. Mimusops religeosa (pipal)
01 No. Albizia lebbeck elengi •Flowering shrubs, seasonal
plants, palms and various shrubs
04 Nos. Albizia lebbeck have been planted randomly on
03 Nos. the site.
02 Nos. Alstonia scholaris Azadirachta indica
•The complex has a well
01 No. Ficus benghalensis 02 Nos. maintained and regularly watered
Alstonia scholaris
lawn.
04 Nos. 02 Nos. Syzygium 01 No. Ficus

Alstonia scholaris cumini benghalensis

4.10 Design Strategies

Azadirachta indica near the baoli Morus alba
CONNECTING THE FRAGMENTED GREENS STRENGTHENING THE VISUAL AXIS

To create visitor experience and creating Paved circulation and planting to strengthen
foreground to appreciate & enhance the historic the Physical & visual axis of the tomb.
Punica granatum frame the entry to
structures.
Azadirachta indica at the edge of the upper plinth
the upper plinth Removing the stretch of secondary road
between the monument complex and the
neighbourhood park in order to connect
the two greens does not affect the vehicular ESTABLISHING PEDESTRIAN LINKAGES THROUGH
circulation. THE GREEN
Enabling circulation through the green spaces
REMOVING ENCROACHMENTS rather than road.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Celosia

argentea randomly planted in
Ficus religiosa patches
Dense plantation around the Baoli Lush green monument complex

Design Strategies 4.11 Design Proposal

Space for parking
Entry/Exit Plaza
Existing Historic
wall
Shrub planting to buffer
the Gurudwara
Entry/Exit Plaza
Planting beds
Flower garden with bands of

flowering shrubs and paving
Plaza as a
foreground
to view and
Space for Parking appreciate the
tombs
Lawn space provides foreground to
REINFORCING THE ACCESS POINTS appreciate the Monument Complex
Bringing access to the complex closer to the
Establishing continuous
road. pedestrian access
through out the complex
Entry/Exit Plaza
Shaded plaza
Existing Park with seating
Pedestrian and Visual axis
Paved plazas mark the entry to the

large integrated greens
Paved plazas mark the entry to the large

integrated greens. These plazas open
up the monuments not only to the
PROVISION FOR PARKING, SIGNAGE & AMENITIES neighbourhood but to the city as a whole
by providing access from the main road
Space for Signage

Space for Space for Parking & amenities

Shrub planting
Design Proposal - View

Planting beds
to buffer the
Gurudwara Plaza as a foreground to view and
Flower garden with bands of
flowering shrubs and paving appreciate the tombs
Existing Historic wall
Entry/Exit Plaza
Lawn
Shaded plaza
with seating
Pedestrian and
Visual axis
Existing park
Paved plazas mark the entry to the

large integrated greens Space for Parking Entry/Exit Plaza

Design Proposal-Circulation

PLAZAS PRIMARY CIRCULATION
The Plazas mark the Entry/ Exit to the site and This 4.0 m wide pathway form the Primary
access to the monuments. circulation connecting the park & the
These wide paved areas have space for seating monument complex and also marks the visual
and are shaded with trees. axis to the tomb.
SECONDARY CIRCULATION
This 2.5m wide pathway facilitates circulation in

the complex.

Design Proposal - Planting Area Details

ENTRY/EXIT PLAZA
•Paved plazas mark the entry to the large integrated greens. These
plazas open up the monuments not only to the neighbourhood but
to the city as a whole by providing access from the main road.
•These plazas are wide paved spaces shaded with trees to receive
visitors
4.0 m wide pathway
KEY PLAN
LAWN
Planting Beds
2.0 m wide pathway
Parking Entry/Exit Plaza

6m wide road
PLAN-ENTRY/EXIT PLAZA Signage
wall
EXISTING TREES
PROPOSED PLANTING
ELEVATION-ENTRY/EXIT PLAZA
Signage wall


A linear flower garden
with paving bands to
access the garden. It
has tree shaded seating
areas for the visitors to
•The Existing well has been cordoned off with plantation for safety appreciate the monument
concerns. complex and the garden
as well.
•The opening of the well to be fixed with recessed metal screen to
KEY PLAN avoid accidents.
2.0m wide
pathway KEY PLAN
The Encroachment by a temporary primary school
Reference images
to be removed.
Paving around the Baoli would render emphasis to Paving around the
the lost structure. baoli
Grave Platform Flower beds
Paving bands
Existing
well
BAOLI
LAWN
Shoulder
6m wide road
Hedges
LAWN
Tree shaded plaza with Planting beds Stone bands 6.0m wide road
benches Entry/Exit Plaza
PLAN-ENTRY/EXIT PLAZA PLAN-LINEAR FLOWER GARDEN Parking
2.0m wide
pathway


View 01
View 02
View 03
KEY PLAN KEY PLAN
VIEW 03- Entry/ Exit Plaza- Pedestrian & Visual Axis to the monument
VIEW 01-Entry/ Exit Plaza
VIEW 02- Lawns to appreciate the Monument Complex
VIEW 04- Linear flower garden

4.12 Story Boards/Photo Panels

•Storey boards to be installed under tree shaded areas so that the visitors could
read about the monument complex, its history and significance, its sighting &
architectural style.
•Proper signages and way finding would help the passersby locate the complex.
SUMMARY OF DESIGN PROPOSAL:

•Recharge of aquifer: Revival of the water body would activate the baoli and its
precincts.
•Removal of encroachments: Removing the squatter settlement, jhuggi and other
encroachments around the baoli.
•The monument complex to be made accessible physically and visually with a
transparent boundary wall and access gates facing the road.
•The complex to be integrated with the central green in the foreground and
linking the greens with pedestrian circulation.
•Strengthening the pedestrian circulation within the complex.
•Signage indicating the name, status and historical relevance of the baoli and other
components of the complex like the Tombs, Qibla and well should be installed
outside the structure.
•Signage indicating the presence and location of the baoli should be installed at places in the
campus and approach roads.
•The tombs in the complex are visible from the peripheral roads surrounding the sector. These
could be illuminated so that people driving by are aware of the historic complex in the vicinity.
•Photowalks and public awareness programs can be carried out to bring in people.

5.1 Revival & Restoration Practices in Other Parts of India
Section 5
Conclusions
Stepwells are the one some of the least documented architectural structures in India. They were
seen scattered all over India, mostly in forts or temple complexes, trade routes but many have
been destroyed and forgotten. These were built by Kings and Rulers either to provide water
security to the people during droughts or as private bathing and leisure areas. There are often dug
deep, cut into the ground water aquifers, collected and stored rainwater. Steps led people to the
surface of the water whatever the level may be. These structures often served as meeting places
where people gathered for leisure as these places were cooler (because of the accumulated water)
than the harsh arid landscape where they were usually built in. Few of these structures have been
documented and fewer are conserved. In this age of water scarcity it is structures like these that
can provide us with the mush needed an inspiration to conserve water. (http://www.arcgis.com)
The growing urgency for water conservation has spearheaded a few recent efforts to de-silt
and “reactivate” a few wells in Delhi and Gujarat in the hopes that they might once again collect
and store water. The crucial factor in reviving the baolis of the city lies in the replenishment of
groundwater levels,” says R M Bhardawaj, senior scientist of the Central Pollution Control Board
(CPCB).
* Global Heritage Fund and its NGO partners Prince Claus Fund and Gram Bharati
Samiti have carried out an investigation on how to address threats to the Stepwells of Rajasthan,
India.
Funded by an initial grant, restoration was carried out on 5 Stepwells:

1. Bagichiwali Baoli, Bhanpur,
2. Banjaron ki Baoli, Thali,
3. Bohraji ki Baoli, Khawarani,
4. Meeno ki Baoli, Sarjoli,
5. Conclusions 5. Balaji ki Baoli, Bhanpur
• Revival & restoration practices in other parts of the country Key conservation highlights:
• General guidelines for the rejuvenation of Baoli Precincts in Delhi •Cleaning out debris that has accumulated over decades, digging within the well’s mouth.
•Created public health facilities for men and women in the surrounding settlement.
•The overflow of the village’s water tank has been set up to move through an underground tube in
order to recharge the Stepwell during non-monsoon season.
•The Stepwell has been cleaned out, cracks in the walls have been filled, and the structure’s
surfaces have been painted over under the direction of a local artist, who reintroduced traditional
folk motifs such as musicians, which symbolize festivity.
•A central part of the restoration process was the participation of local villagers – women, in
particular. A women’s committee was formed to look after the newly restored Stepwell to ensure
its upkeep.

86
Conclusions * The Archaeological Survey of India * Project: Conservation of Step wells (vav) and tanks(talao/ tanks) at various locations at Gujarat,
Conclusions
•Cleaning & de silting the Baolis so that water sources in these step wells to “open up” followed India 2007-2013, Client: Directorate of Archaeology, Government of Gujarat
by masonry repairs.
•Implementing the concept of Rain water harvesting to revive the rain fed baolis •Step-wells included in the project are:
•For ASI however the focus has always been on maintaining or conserving the stone structures and •Conservation and Restoration of Step-well at Davad, Idar
not saving these baolis as ‘water bodies’. •Conservation and Restoration of Nagarani Vav at Khedchandrani, Himmatnagar
•The ASI has started putting up rainwater harvesting pits in its green lawns at eight monuments, •Conservation, Restoration, and Development of Ambapur Vav at Ambapur, Gandhinagar
including at Red Fort, Safdarjung Tomb and Qutub Minar. •Conservation, Restoration and Development of Khan Talao – Dholka
•De-silting and restoration of the stepwell at Rani ki Vav, Patan. •Conservation, Restoration and Development of Vanjhari Vav at Modasa, Sabarkantha
•Conservation, Restoration and Development of Vav and Kund at Gambhirpur, Idar
The following structural works were undertaken by the Archaeological Survey of India: •Step-well at Hampur, Dhrangadhra, Surendranagar
a. Construction of the fallen retaining wall, •Chowmukhi Vav, Chobari, Chotila, Surendranagar
b. Resetting of the out of plumb parts of the side walls and •Ancient Lake, Ten Talao, Dabhoi, Vadodara
c. Other conservation measures. •Vidhyadhar Vav, Sevasi, Vadodara, Vadodara
•In 1963, the debris accumulated in the passage leading to the shaft of the well was removed , Project Tasks:
exposing a part of the side walls. The dislodged stones were reset upto a height of 11m. In 1969, •Preparation of Conservation management plan
loose sculptures and the stones lying inside the well were removed after in situ documentation. •Detailed photo and architectural documentation
The dilapidated side walls were set right and their sculptures fixed in position. In 1973, the missing •Landscape development plan as per the requirement of the project
ashlar masonry was rebuilt with stone matching the original stone used in the Vav. •Detailed visitor movement plan, signage’s creating / supplementing of visitor facilities and public
Due to flooding of the well by rain water, conservation works had to be discontinued. amenities if required
Again conservation works were resumed in 1977. The de silting of the well and resetting of side •Detailed budgeting and estimation of work defined
walls which were out of plumb was commenced. The work of exposing hidden structures was •Phasing of project implementation
continued . The dressing and carving of the stone for the missing portions was undertaken. The •Detailed structural drawings for new structures proposed if required
missing portion of the northern side wall and terrace platform were restored. •Setting up information/display centre to exhibit loose sculptures and ornamental architectural
The damaged and worn out stone flooring of the 1st and 2nd pavilions was removed and replaced elements
with fresh Dhrangadhra stone matching the original property. The cracks that developed due to •Sorting of debris for loose sculptures and ornamental architectural elements for re-use
earthquake in the front walls and open joints were grouted. •Dismantling of existing, damaged, and out of plumb portions of the structure and resetting in
accordance with original structure
* One such baoli restored by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC) was built in the 14th SOURCE: people for heritage concern
century in Hazrat Nizamuddin Basti, a medieval village in Delhi named after Sufi saint, Hazrat
Nizamuddin Auliya. In 2008, parts of the baoli walls collapsed due to sewage water seeping into
the structure and the local residents using it as a rubbish dump. The pool was drained and the
rubbish, garbage and sludge that had accumulated over the past 700 years was removed to reach
the foundation of the baoli some 80 feet below ground level. While the water in the baoli is still
not potable, it can be used for cleaning and agriculture.
* Diwan Singh, an activist with nonprofit Natural Heritage First, says that even though
many baolis in Delhi are surrounded by buildings, the wells can still be recharged. “Catchment
area management is the key. In the small areas of land between the baolis and buildings, rainwater
harvesting pits could be built to divert rainwater away from the storm drains,” he says. “Once
in the pit, water will percolate through the soil and recharge the nearby baoli, allowing modern
development and ancient structures to coexist side by side.”

SIGNAGES
5.2 General Guidelines for the Rejuvenation of the Baoli Precincts
Conclusions
Conclusions
•Well labelled and informative signage should be provided to facilitate visitor’s approach to the
Baoli and access within the complex.
The baolis are repositories of traditional techniques and represent an inherent understanding •Story boards explaining the historical relevance of the structure, its purpose, architectural details
of the land, its terrain and the water systems. They symbolise a mode in which our ancestors should be installed to arouse visitor interest.
established ways of preserving water for the driest days of the year.
SAFETY/ SECURITY
They represent a unique building typology in terms of the structural and architectural systems. With •Illumination: The precincts should be well lit during the night so that the people driving by are
the advent of modern technology for water supply, water harvesting and storage, baolis are not aware of the presence of a historic structure.
constructed any more Baolis of Bundi-INTACH Barriers/Railings/Handrails: The boundary wall enclosing the precincts should be porus i.e. a low toe
wall with railings so that the site remains secure but is visually accessible at the same time.
RESTORATION OF STRUCTURE •Railings should not be very prominent and should not hinder the view.
Ageing, efflorescence, encroachment, poor maintenance & neglect and urban pressure are the •The sites should be physically accessible to all and handrails could be provided wherever feasible.
major reasons contributing to the deterioration of the baolis. It should be restored and rendered •The water body should have a safety barrier so as to avoid mishaps.
stable and safe to facilitate visitors. The precincts should be clear of all the vegetative growth and
the access should be defined before making it accessible to the public. CREATING AWARENESS AMONGST COMMUNITY & TOURISTS
•Awareness programs in the form of workshops, photo canvas display, talks can be organized so as
REVIVAL OF THE WATER BODY to sensitize the locals and the tourists of the invaluable assets.
•Reviving the water body would strengthen the conservation and rejuvenation of the space as •Identifying and including the baolis in the heritage walks so attract the heritage enthusiasts. This
a whole. This can be achieved by community participation in the digging and cleaning the well of will also encourage their regular maintenance and management
years of accumulation of garbage and silt.
•If the aquifer has dried and no underground source of water is available, the water body can INVOLVING THE LOCALS IN THE RESTORATION & MAINTENANCE PROCESS
be recharged by the means of Rain water harvesting. The well of the Baoli to be linked with the •Once the locals know about the baoli, a sense of ownership can be induced. This would help
Rain water harvesting system, integrating with the surrounding water systems. This would in tern them associate with the space, it could become a community gathering space. The community
replenish the water table of the area. would in turn maintain and safe guard it rather than dumping waste.
•The water from these baolis can be used for watering the parks in the vicinity. •Weekly/monthly community fairs, exhibitions, food stalls in the baoli precincts would invite locals
•It should be made sure that the baoli is not used for washing of clothes and bathing. and people from nearby localities to visit the place.
AVAILABILITY OF RESOURCES VISUAL ACCESS

•The information of the age and historic relevance of the baoli should be available on the •Clearing the sight lines to the baolis of encroachment (if the site allows).
authority/ government website. •Since the baolis do not have a superstructure more than a parapet wall, the baoli precincts should
•Delhi tourist maps with the existing baolis marked and a brief information about each one of have a Porous edge so that it does not get cordoned off.
them should be available with tourism department and tourist help desks. •Enhancing the visual quality of the precincts will improve the visitor experience.
DEVELOPING THE BAOLI PRECINCTS AS A PUBLIC SPACE

•If the baoli sits in a green or lawn space, the setting to be developed with proper signage, defined
entry, tree shaded seating spaces and utility.
•The precincts to be free from all the encroachments.
PHYSICAL ACCESS
•The baoli precincts should have unhindered access so that it is accessible to everyone though it
could be locked and manned during night.
•Providing necessary pathways & ramps for circulation & accessibility.

ANNEXURE A. Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act – 2010
ANNEXURE
(Salient Features)
1. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and
Validation) Act, 2010 hereinafter referred to as the Amendment Act has been enacted to amend
the Ancient monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 and to make provision for
validation of certain actions taken by the Central Government under the said Act.
2. The limits of prohibited area and regulated area around the monuments, archaeological sites and
remains declared by the Central Government as protected have been specified in the principal
Act as 100 m and 200 m, respectively. The limits so fixed may be further extended on the basis of
gradation and classification of the monuments, archaeological sites and remains to be done by the
National Monument Authority, which is to be constituted by the Central Government by virtue of
the Amendment in the principal Act.
3. The Authority shall have a full time Chairperson and five full time and five part-time members
having proven experience and expertise from the fields of archaeology, town and country planning,
architecture, heritage, conservation architecture or law with a tenure of three years.
4. Henceforth, no permission for construction of any public projects or any other

nature shall be granted in the prohibited areas of the protected monument and
protected area. However, permission for repair and renovation could be granted by the Competent
Authority, to be specified by the Central Government, on the recommendation of the National
Monument Authority, subject to condition that the building or structure is pre-1992 or permission
for construction or reconstruction of such building or structure had been granted by the
Archaeological Survey of India.
5. The Amendment Act defines ‘construction’ which means any erection of a structure or a building,
including any addition or extension thereto either vertically or horizontally, but does not include,
6. Annexure any re-construction, repair and renovation of any existing structure or building, or construction,
maintenance and cleansing of drains and drainage works and of public latrines, urinals and similar
conveniences, or the construction and maintenance of works meant for providing supply of water
for public, or the construction or maintenance, extension, management for supply and distribution
of electricity to the public; or provision for similar faculties for publicity. [Section 2(dc)] Similarly,
‘reconstruction’ has also been defined as any erection of a structure or building to its pre-existing
structure, having the same horizontal or vertical limits. [Section 2 (k)] To avoid any ambiguity in
interpretation, the Act has defined the term ‘repair’ and ‘renovation’ which means alteration to a
pre-existing structure or building, but shall not include ‘construction’ or ‘reconstruction’. [Section 2
(m)]
6. There is also a provision in the Act to further extend the prohibited area beyond 100 meters
having regard to the classification of any protected monument or protected area on the
recommendation of ‘National Monument Authority’ by the Central Government. [Section 2 (ha)

ANNEXURE and 20A] With this definition, the prohibited area has extent not only horizontally but also an application to the Competent Authority for carrying out such repair or renovation, as the case
ANNEXURE
vertically and covers even below the surface. may be [Section 20C(1)] After the enforcement of the Amendment Act, no owner or possessor of
any building or structure or land falling in the prohibited area could be permitted for undertaking
7. The regulated area, according to the Amendment Act means every area, beginning at the limit any construction or reconstruction. He may, however, undertake repair or renovation of the
of prohibited area in respect of every ancient monument and archaeological site and remains, building or structure which existed prior to 16th June, 1992 or which had been constructed on the
extending to a distance of 200 hundred meters in all directions. This 200 meters regulated basis of permission granted by the Director General.
area could further be extended having regard to the classification of any protected monument
or protected area on the recommendation of ‘National Monument Authority’ by the Central 12. The Act provides for carrying out construction or re-construction or repair or renovation of
Government. [Section 2(I) and 20B] With this definition, the regulated area has extent not only such building or structure on such land, as the case may be, by any person, who owns or possesses
horizontally but also vertically and covers even below the surface. any building or structure or land in any regulated area. The owner or possessor of any building
or structure or land may make an application to the Competent Authority for carrying out
8. The Act provides for undertaking survey of all prohibited areas and regulated areas by the ASI construction or re-construction or repair or renovation, as the case may be. [Section 20C(2)]
for the purpose of preparing detailed site plans within a time limit to be specified by the Central
Government. Responsibility has also been given to the ASI to identify all construction of whatever 13. The permission for construction granted by the ASI after the 16th day of June, 1992 but
nature made on and after 16th June, 1992 in all prohibited and regulated areas and to submit a ending before the date on which the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains
report from time to time to the Central Government. The ASI has been given authority under the (Amendment and Validation) Act 2010 has come into force, in the regulated area in respect of
Act to call for information from the local bodies and other authorities. such protected monument, shall be deemed to have been validly granted in accordance with the
provision of this Act [Section 20B] . As per this provision the constructions carried out by any
9. The Amendment Act provides that none other than an archaeological officer can carry out person in the regulated area without obtaining prior permission from the Director General is illegal
any construction in any prohibited area. This provision means that no construction activity can be and not valid.
taken up in the prohibited areas of the protected monuments and protected areas. The authority
for undertaking construction activities in the prohibited area has been given to the archaeological 14. The permissions for construction granted by the ASI after the 16th day of June, 1992 but
officer keeping in view the requirements to enhance the visitors experience, which may require ending before the date on which the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains
erection of structures like toilets, sculpture shed, museum, interpretations centre, publication (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010, in the prohibited area on the basis of the recommendation
counter, ticket book office, water kiosk, small cafeteria, etc. of the Expert Advisory Committee, shall be deemed to have been validly granted in accordance
with the provisions of this Act [Section 20A(3)].
10. The Act provides that no permission, including carrying out any public work or project essential
to the public or other constructions, shall be granted in any prohibited area on and after the 15. The Act, however, provides that the permission for construction or re-construction of any
date on which the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and building or structure granted in any prohibited area subsequent to the completion of construction
Validation) Act 2010 comes into force. After the enforcement of the Act, 2010, public work or or re-construction of any building or structure. [Section 20A(3)]. This provision has not validated
project essential to the public or other constructions cannot be carried out in the prohibited area. the permissions granted by the Director General ex-post-facto, which means that the buildings and
This provision, however, does not include cleansing of drains and drainage works and of public structures so constructed un- authorizedly but regularized later would be treated as unauthorized
latrines, urinals and similar conveniences, or, the construction and maintenance of works meant and illegal.
for providing for supply of water for public, or the construction or the maintenance, extension,
management for supply and distribution of electricity to the public or provision for similar facilities 16. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation)
for public [Section 2(I) and 20B]. This provision has barred all construction activities in the Act, 2010 provides that the Central Government may specify, by notification in the official Gazette,
prohibited area to be taken up by all public bodies even if the purpose is related to public works an officer not below the rank of Director of the Competent Authority to perform functions under
or project essential to the pubic. There is no provision for grant of any relaxation in this regard the Act. The Central Government has the powers to specify different Competent Authorities for
by any authority. the purpose of Sections 20C, 20D and 20E. [Section 2(db)]
11. Any person, who owns any building or structure, which existed in a prohibited area before the 17. Henceforth, the authority to receive application for grant of permission for construction,
16th day of June, 1992, or, which had been subsequently constructed with the approval of Director reconstruction, repair or renovation in the prohibited areas or regulated areas has been vested
General and desires to carry out any repair or renovation of such building or structure, may make with the Competent Authority, who shall be specified by the Central Government through a

ANNEXURE Gazette notification to discharge his functions as defined in the Act. Authority may withdraw the permission granted. [Section 20D (7)]
ANNEXURE
18. The applications for grant of permission for repair or renovation of buildings or structures which 27. The proviso to Section 20D (7) authorizes the Competent Authority, in exceptional
existed in a prohibited area before 16th of June 1992, or which had been subsequently constructed circumstances and with the approval of the National Monument Authority, to consider grant of
with the approval of Director General may be made to the Competent Authority by the owner permission for repair/renovation/construction/reconstruction, etc., even before the heritage bye-
or the possessor in such manner as may be prescribed (as per the rule to be notified). [Section laws are approved /notified. [Section 20D (7)]
20D(1)]
28. The Central Government or the Director General shall have to exhibit on website all the
19. The applications for grant of permission for construction or reconstruction or repair or permissions granted or refused [Section 20D(8)]
renovation of any building or structure or land in a regulated area my be made to the Competent
Authority by the owner or the possessor in such manner as may be prescribed (as per the rules to 29. The Competent Authority in consultation with the Indian National Trust For Art and Cultural
be notified). [Section 20D(1)] Heritage or such other expert heritage bodies, as may be notified by the Central Government,
shall prepare heritage bye-laws in respect of each protected monument and protected area.
20. The Competent Authority shall forward the applications so received within 15 days the [Section 20E(1)]
National Monument Authority to consider and intimate impact of such construction (including
the impact of large scale development project, public project and project essential to the public) 30. The heritage bye-laws shall specify heritage controls such as elevation, façade, drainage system,
in accordance with heritage bye-laws to be framed for the concerned protected monument or road and service infrastructure (including electric poles, water and sewer pipelines) in addition to
protected area. [Section 20D (2)] such matters as may be prescribed (to be detailed out in the rules to be framed). [Section 20E (2)]
21. The Central Government may prescribe the category of applications in respect of which the 31. The Central Government shall specify, by rules (to be framed), the manner of preparation of
permission may be granted under sub section 20D(2) and the applications which shall be referred detailed site plans in respect of each protected monument or protected area, or prohibited area or
to the National Monument Authority for recommendations. [Section 20D (2)] regulated area, the time within which such heritage bye-laws shall be prepared and particulars to
be included in each such heritage bye-laws. [Section 20E (3)]
22. The National Monument Authority shall intimate within two months after the receipt of the
application to the Competent Authority impact of such construction (including the large scale 32. The preparation of heritage bye-laws in respect of each protected monument or protected
development project, public project and project essential to the public). [[Section 20D (3)] area shall be governed by the ground conditions and nature of the monument for which it has
been found essential to undertake detailed documentation of the protected area, prohibited area
23. The Competent Authority shall either grant permission or convey refusal to the applicant within and regulated area in each case.
one month of receipt of the recommendation of the National Monument Authority. [Section 20D
(4)] 33. The Competent Authority has been authorized to appoint experts or consultants for
preparation of detailed site plans and heritage bye-laws. [Section 20E (4)]
24. The recommendation of the National Monument Authority shall be final. [Section 20D(5)]
34. The heritage bye-laws which shall eventually be prepared by the Competent Authority with
25. In case of refusal of the permission, the Competent Authority shall by order in writing and the help of outside experts and consultants shall be got approved by the National Monument
after giving an opportunity to the concerned person intimate such refusal within three months Authority, which is proposed to heave the Chairperson and members of excellence in the relevant
from the date of receipt of application to the applicant, the Central Government and the National areas like archaeology, country and town planning, architecture,conservation architecture or law.
Monument Authority. [Section 20D (6)] [Section 20E (5)]
26. The Competent Authority is empowered to refer the permission so granted for carrying out 35. The heritage bye-laws in respect of each protected monument or protected area shall be laid
of repair or renovation work or reconstruction of building or construction of National Monument on the table of each House of Parliament. [Section 20E (6)] The heritage bye-laws therefore shall
Authority, in case, it is found that such repair or renovation or reconstruction or construction is have to be published in the Official Gazette to make them available to public.
likely to cause an adverse impact on the preservation, safety, security or access to the monument
considerably for recommendation, and if so, recommended by the Authority, the Competent 36. The heritage bye-laws shall be exhibited by the Competent Authority on the website after

ANNEXURE tabling the same in each House of Parliament. [Section 20E (7)]This provision has been made to their functions with utmost sincerity and as per the Act.
ANNEXURE
make the system transparent and to avoid any undue inconvenience or harassment to the public.
40. The Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India has been made responsible to
37. Penalty under section 30 of the Principal Act has been enhanced from three months to two conduct a survey or cause survey to be conducted in respect of all prohibited area regulated
years and fine of rupees five thousand to one lakh or with both in respect of violation subsection areas of the protected monuments and protected areas for the purpose of preparing detailed site
(1) WHOEVER – plans within a period which may be specified by the central government. A report on the survey
(i) Destroys, removes, inquires, alters, defaces, imperils or misuse a protected monument, or to be conducted shall be submitted by the Director General to the Central Government and the
(ii) Being the owner or occupier of a protectedmonument, contravenes an ordermade under sub- Authority. [Section 35A(1) and (2)]
section (1) of section 9 or under sub-section (1) of section 10, or This exercise is essential to document the existing ground conditions in the prohibited areas and
(iii) Removes from a protected monument any sculpture, carving, image, bas-relief, inscription, or regulated areas so that it is easy t find out if some one has undertaken construction activities
other like object, or without obtaining permission from the Competent Authority. The preparation of detailed site
(iv) Does any act in contravention of sub-section(1) of section 19, shall be punishable with plans in respect of each protected monument or protected area is also essential for preparation of
imprisonment which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees, heritage bye-laws. The Director General has to complete exercise within a time to be specified by
or with both, Similar to sub-section (1) the penalty for violation of sub-section (2) of section 30 has the Central Government.
also been enhanced.
41. Responsibility has been entrusted upon the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of
(2) Any person who moves any antiquity in contravention of a notification issued under sub- India to identify or cause to be identified, all construction (of whatever nature) made on and after
section (1) of section 25 shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to two years or the 16th day of June, 1992 in all prohibited areas and regulated areas and, thereafter, submit from
with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees or with both; and the court conviction a person of time to time a report in respect thereof to the Central Government. [Section 35B(1)] Although,
any such contravention may by order direct such person to restore the antiquity to the place from the Circles of the ASI may have some data on unauthorized constructions carried out in the
which it was moved. prohibited and regulated areas of protected monuments and sites, this may not be correct and
many omissions could be there because of lack of proper mechanism and manpower infrastructure.
38. In respect of unauthorized constructions in the prohibited and regulated area of the protected This is a major exercise which may involve a lot of interaction with Panchayats, Municipalities,
monument and protected area, the penalty has been incorporated now by the Amendment Act. Development authorities, revenue authorities and various Central and State Government
The penalty provision is as under – departments to find out the details of constructions carried out in the prohibited and regulated
(i) Whoever raises, on and after the date on which the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological areas of the protected monuments and protected areas without approval of the Director General.
sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act 2010, any construction in the prohibited area,
shall be punishable with imprisonment not exceeding two years or with fine which may extend to 42. The Director General, Archaeological Survey of India has been given powers to call for
one lakh rupees or with both. [Section 30A] information from the local bodies and other authorities for identification on of all constructions
(ii) Whoever raises, on and after the date on which the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological made on and after 16th June, 1992 in all prohibited areas and regulated areas. [Section 35B(2)]
Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010, any construction in the regulated area This provision makes it mandatory for the local bodies and other authorities to share the details
without previous permission of the competent authority or in contravention of the permission on un-authorize constructions carried out by the individuals and public bodies in the prohibited
granted by the competent authority, shall be punishable with imprisonment not exceeding two and regulated areas of the monuments and sites after the issue of the notification dated 16th June,
years or with fine which may extend to one lakh rupees or with both. [Section 30B] 1992in the Official Gazette.
(iii) If any officer of the central Government enters into or acquiesces in any agreement to do,
abstains from doing, permits, conceals or connives at any act or thing whereby any construction 43. As per section 12 of the Amendment Act, the permissions granted by the Archaeological
or reconstruction takes place in a prohibited area or regulated area, shall be punishable with Survey of India between 16th June, 1992 and the enforcement of the Ancient Monuments and
imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine, or both [Section 30C] Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act, 2010 for construction or
re-construction or repair or renovation except those granted ex-post-facto after the completion
39. The penalty has been enhanced to ensure that it acts a deterrent and none dares to indulge of the structure or building in the prohibited areas and regulated areas of the protected of the
in unauthorized and illegal activities as per the Act. Provision for severe punishment has also been protected monuments and protected areas have been held as valid and not challengeable in
made for the officers of the Central Government who are found indulged in any act which is illegal any court, tribunal or other authority. Any rule, order or notification made under the Ancient
or unauthorized as per the Act. This will make sure that he Central Government officers discharge monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958 for carrying out any repair, renovation

ANNEXURE or construction work or undertaking any public work or public project before the commencement B.3 Floodlights
ANNEXURE
of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains (Amendment and Validation) Act, In most situations, floodlights will be used to illuminate monuments. The floodlights are equipped
2010 shall also not be challengeable in any court, tribunal or other authority. with LEDs and can have different shapes, depending on the illumination needs. Circular or
rectangular design for different light distributions, linear modules for wall washing effects, etc.
B. HOW TO LIGHT MONUMENTS The chosen floodlights should have a high tightness degree (IP 66), to maintain the initial
photometric performance throughout the lifetime of the installation.
B.1 Photometric requirements
When illuminating a monument, it is preferable to install the lighting equipment close to it. This will B.4 Installation layout
enable the “wall washing” effect (like on building façades) to be created, providing contrasts and To create a wall wash lighting on a monuments, different options exist: floodlights can be recessed
shadows that will perfectly reveal the shapes and the volume of the monument. into the ground, fixed onto the ground, on the monument structure, on small poles, et
When located at a larger distance from the monument, on poles or on surrounding buildings,
In addition, placing small floodlights close to the monument will make it easier to control any narrow beam floodlights are ideal.
potential problems of glare for pedestrians or drivers moving around.Generally, narrow beam SOURCE:http://www.schreder.com/zh/learningcentre/howtolight/how-to-light-monuments
floodlights are used for small monuments.
When the monument can be seen from all directions, a minimum of three orientations (ideally
every 120°) is necessary for the complete illumination.When it is not possible to install the
floodlights close to the monument, the illumination design is more difficult due to the control of
glare. Narrow beam floodlights must be accurately oriented, avoiding critical directions for vehicle
drivers nearby.
The vertical illuminance level to be achieved on the monument depends on several parameters,
the most important being the material (brightness, dirtiness) and brightness of the surroundings.
The average vertical illuminance level can range from 0 to 30 lux (for clear material in a relatively
dark environment) up to 300 lux (for darker material located in bright surroundings).
B.2 Light sources

To show the natural colours of the monument by night, the only possibility is to use white light. The
white LED light source is ideally adapted to this type of illumination.
In addition, the compact nature of this source and its associated floodlights provide interesting
possibilities for this kind of solution.
Accent lighting to highlight particular details of a building is easy to achieve. When high power
is necessary (very large distance to illuminate), the use of a high output flux LED fixture is now
possible.
If coloured lighting is desired, the best choice is clearly the use of LEDs. Indeed, the efficacy of
saturated colours given by the different types of LEDs (or their RGB combination) is much higher
than metal halide lamps associated with coloured filters. All the light sources have the same colour
temperature. Unwanted differences in colours show a very bad and disappointing result.

References
INTRODUCTION
1. https://www.google.com/culturalinstitute/beta/exhibit/QRUUiMQd
2. https://waterservicesolutions.wordpress.com/2012/10/30/water-shaping-human-civilization-since-
the-beginning-of-time/
3. STEPWELLS OF GUJARAT (1981)- Jutta Jain Neubauer
4. Delhi-A Thousand years of building by Lucy Peck
5. INVISIBLE CITY: The hidden monuments of Delhi- Rakshanda Jalil
6. STEPS TO WATER- Morna Livingston
• 7. BAOLIS OF BUNDI- The ancient stepwells- INTACH
• 8. www.competentauthoritydelhi.co.in
fnYyh uxj dyk vk;ksx

Tel: 24619593, 24618607, 24690821, 24636191, Fax: 24648970
Email: [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.duac.org

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INTRODUCTION

CITY LEVEL PROJECTS

WATER & HERITAGE

WATER AND HERITAGE

Delhi Urban Art Commission

to “advise the Government of India in the matter of preserving, developing

project of building operations or engineering operations or any development

of the surroundings or any public amenity provided therein”.

Delhi Urban Art Commission

Prof. Dr. P.S.N. Rao Chairman

Sonali Bhagwati Member (Upto 5 October 2017)

(An ISO 9001 : 2008 Certified Organisation)

1.2 Aims & Objectives 10 4.2 The Landuse 60

2 Historic Structures Holding Water: The Baolis 13

3 The Existing Baolis of Delhi : Mapping & Analysis 21

6 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE

WATER AND HERITAGE 9

1.2 Aims & Objectives

Aim Document the few existing baolis of Delhi in order to analyse

Objectives •Creating public awareness about the historic and architectural

10 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 11

12 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 13

HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS

14 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 15

HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS

16 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 17

HISTORIC STRUCTURES HOLDING WATER: THE BAOLIS

FIROZ SHAH KOTLA Baoli

HAZRAT NIZAMUDDIN Baoli

18 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 19

• Anangtal Baoli, Mehrauli

• Qutab Sahib ki Baoli, Mehrauli

20 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 21

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS

22 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 23

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS

high esteem and has been highly regarded for

4. REVIVAL OF QUTUB SAHIB KI BAOLI LOCATION:

24 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 25

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS

7. RECOMMENDATIONS: IMAGE SOURCE:Delhi heritage brochures by INTACH

•Recharge of aquifer: Revival of the water

26 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 27

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS

2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:

28 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 29

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS

30 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 31

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS

3.7 Hazrat Nizamuddin Baoli

LALA LAJPAT RAI

7. RECOMMENDATIONS: 2. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:

32 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 33

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS

34 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 35

EXISTING BAOLIS OF DELHI : MAPPING & ANALYSIS

The well of the Baoli during cleaning up

Documentation of the Baoli during the restoration

36 CITY LEVEL Project WATER AND HERITAGE 37