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3.2 Logarithmic Functions & Their Graphs

1. This document discusses logarithmic functions, their graphs, and properties. 2. It defines logarithmic functions as inverses of exponential functions and covers evaluating, graphing, and applying common and natural logarithms. 3. Key properties are presented like loga1=0, logaa=1, and the one-to-one relationship between logarithmic and exponential forms.

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62 views16 pages

3.2 Logarithmic Functions & Their Graphs

1. This document discusses logarithmic functions, their graphs, and properties. 2. It defines logarithmic functions as inverses of exponential functions and covers evaluating, graphing, and applying common and natural logarithms. 3. Key properties are presented like loga1=0, logaa=1, and the one-to-one relationship between logarithmic and exponential forms.

Uploaded by

Gaming With the Boys
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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3.

2 Logarithmic Functions &


Their Graphs
1. Recognize and evaluate logarithmic functions with base a.
2. Graph logarithmic functions.
3. Recognize, evaluate, and graph natural logarithmic
functions.
4. Use logarithmic functions to model and solve real-life
problems.
Logarithmic Function
• The inverse of an exponential function is
called a logarithmic function.
for a > 0 and a ≠ 1, then:

fax toga
if only if a

y logax
Write each equation in exponential form.
23 8
a. log28 = 3
O
8 23

O
!
b. log4 = -4
"#$

Y
y
Write each equation in logarithmic form.

6
a. 153 = 3375

3 109,3375

b. 41/2 = 2

log Z I
Evaluating Logarithmic Expressions
Evaluate each logarithm.
log164 log232

16 Y 2x
2 32
MY y
!
log5 log31
!"#

3 1
5 Is
5 5 s
30
Common Logarithmic Function
• The logarithmic function with base 10 is called
the common logarithmic function.

logo

logx
Properties of Logarithms
1. loga1 = 0 because a0 = 1
2. logaa = 1 because a1 = a
3. logaax = x and alogax = x
4. If logax = logay, then x = y
Simplify
20%&'!" ( #$%) 1 #$% 7

is
*
One-to-One
log 2+ + 1 = #$%3+
10 10

2 1 3x
x

#$%) + " − 6 = #$%) 10

x2 6 10
2
16
XY
Graph Logarithmic Functions
f(x) = log2x f(x) = 2x
Describe transformations
a. f(x) = log(x – 1)

b. f(x) = 2 + log x
Base e and Natural Logarithms
• e is an irrational number with a value of
2.71828… and is referred to as the natural base.
• The inverse of a natural base exponential
function is called the natural logarithm.

log e x = ln x (Natural Logarithm)


Logarithm Properties
• The properties of logarithms from the
beginning of lesson 3.2 can also be applied to
natural logarithms.

l
1. ln 1 = 0 because 2 + = 1 log a
2. ln 2 = 1 because 2 ! = 2
3. ln 2 , = + and 2 l-. , = +
4. If ln + = ln 3, then + = 3
In is opposite of E
Simplify each expression.
!
• ln he I
I/

• 2 -. #

• 2 ln 2

-. !
•
(
3 O
Solve for x.
• ln + + 9 = ln 4
Xt 9 4
x S

• ln 2+ − 1 = ln 11

2 1 11
24 12
x 6
Domain
• Note that ln + is not defined for zero or
negative numbers.
• What is the domain of each function?

• 6 + = ln(+ − 2) X 270
x 2

• 6 + = ln(3 − +) 3 x 0

I
x 3 C d3

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