Mumps

with
PostgreSQL

by

Kevin C. Ó Kane

1
 Copyright © 2009 by Kevin C. Ó Kane. All rights reserved.

The author may be contacted at:

[email protected]
[email protected]

Department of Computer Science

The University of Northern Iowa
Cedar Falls, Iowa 50614-507

http://www.omahadave.com

Revision: 2.01
November 29, 2009

2
Table of Contents
1 PostgreSQL Access.............................................4
1.1 Configuring Mumps to work with PostgreSQL ........................4
1.2 Basic Mumps SQL commands: ..............................................9
1.2.1 Connect to server.......................................................................9
1.2.2 Disconnect from server..............................................................9
1.2.3 Format/prepare global array table............................................10
1.2.4 Execute SQL command.............................................................10
1.2.5 Execute SQL command with file results....................................10
1.2.6 Re-direct Mumps global array table..........................................11
1.2.7 SQL related builtin functions....................................................11
1.2.8 Examples .................................................................................12
1.2.8.1 Database definition............................................................12
1.2.8.2 Accessing a relational database from Mumps: ...................12
1.2.8.3 With a web server .............................................................13
1.2.8.4 Using PostgreSQL to store the global arrays ......................15
1.2.8.5 More examples ..................................................................16
1.2.8.6 Timing comparisons. .........................................................19
1.2.8.7 SQL Commands generated by Mumps statements ............20

Index of Figures
Figure 1 PostgreSQL configuration.........5 Figure 9 - Browser display....................16
Figure 2 PostgreSQL connections...........9 Figure 10 - name.mps...........................17
Figure 3 - Accessing the RDBMS...........11 Figure 11 - rsltprint.mps.......................18
Figure 4 - Data base definition.............12 Figure 12 - labrpt.mps..........................19
Figure 5 - SQL from Mumps..................13 Figure 13 - Initial screen HTML ............19
Figure 6 - Web server SQL access........15 Figure 14 - Native vs. PostgreSQL........20
Figure 7 - Browser display....................15 Figure 15 - Mumps to SQL....................23
Figure 8 - Accessing RDBMS.................16

3
1 PostgreSQL Access
In order for PostgreSQL access to be enabled several things must
be done on both you host machine (the one running PostgreSQL)
and your client machine (the one running your Mumps program).
These include establishing user accounts on PostgreSQL and
configuring it to accept queries from the user id of the person
running the Mumps program.
You may also need to set encryption, access rights and establish
the IP number of the client as an authorized site. These are
detailed in the PostgreSQL manuals and only touched upon here.
The discussion here is sufficient to create a demonstration.
Refinements are left to the user. The PostgreSQL web site is:
http://www.postgresql.org/
Additionally, you must install the PostgreSQL server
development libraries on the machine which will run the client
Mumps programs even if this is not the machine running the
PostgreSQL server. Also, when you configure Mumps, you must
specify that PostgreSQL will be used for database activities.

1.1 Configuring Mumps to work with PostgreSQL

Normally, Mumps runs in standalone mode with its own, native,
B-tree based global array file system. However, the compiler and
interpreter may be configured to enable the global arrays to be
stored on a PostgreSQL server.
Although other relational database servers (such as MySQL) may
also be used, subject to a re-coding the internal interface modules,
this version of Mumps supports PostgreSQL because PostgreSQL is
the main free, non-proprietary, high-performance, open source
system in the database area.
Once PostgreSQL access has been enabled, you may store your
global arrays on the PostgreSQL server as well as access other
relational tables on the server directly from your Mumps program.
While the native B-tree based globals are faster, using PostgreSQL
has the advantage of being multi-user and far more fault-tolerant.
PostgreSQL is organized into databases. When you connect to a
PostgreSQL server, you specify the database to which you are
connecting. Each database consists of some number of tables.
When you store global arrays on a PostgreSQL server, they will, by
default, be stored in the database you specify in a relational table
known as mumps. This table may also be accessed by SELECT
statements from non-Mumps environments (see the structural
definition of this table given below). This table will contain all the
Mumps global array data for this database. Other databases on the

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server may contain other Mumps global arrays. These are
completely separate from one another.
When using a PostgreSQL server, it is possible to construct views
of non-Mumps RDBMS tables which can be directly accessed by
Mumps as though they were global arrays. An example of this is
given below.
When accessing data in global arrays on a PostgreSQL server,
Mumps does so by generating SQL commands that are sent to and
processed by the PostgreSQL server. Normally, PostgreSQL will
checkpoint each of transaction which modifies the database unless
you specify otherwise.
However, to improve performance, it may be desirable to initiate
this set of transactions with the SQL BEGIN command before
global array assignments ultimately followed by a SQL COMMIT
command when the assignments are done. This will permit the
Mumps global array inserts/updates to run faster. However, should
there be a server or client failure before the COMMIT, the data will
be lost and need to be re-assigned. An example is given below.
The BEGIN/COMMIT mechanism can also be used to rollback failed
transactions.
In order to use PostgreSQL for the global array backend server,
use the following configuration and make commands for Ubuntu
(you must be root when doing these):
configure prefix=/usr --with-pgdb=/usr/include/postgresql
make
make install

Figure 1 PostgreSQL configuration

If you are using 64 bit Ubuntu, add the

--with-cpu64

option to the configure command line. If you are using a system

different than Ubuntu, the PostgreSQL libraries may be located in a
different place (/usr/include/postrgresql in Ubuntu). You will need
to locate the PostgreSQL include libraries and add the option:
--with-pgdb=/usr/include/postgresql

to reflect the correct location (insert the correct location for your
system in the above). For example, in Cygwin this would be:
--with-pgdb=/usr/include

If you want to run Mumps scripts on a different machine than the

one running PostgreSQL, you need to enable TCP/IP connections to
the PostgreSQL on the machine running the server. You can do
this by modifying the listen_addresses option in the file
/etc/postgresql/8.4/main/postgresql.conf. Note: 8.4 is the current
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POstgreSQL version number as of this writing. The number may be
defferent on your system. Modify listen_addresses to include a
quoted comma separated list of authorized IP number. An '*' will
enable all (probably not a good idea). Example:
listen_addresses = '127.0.0.1,localhost' # what IP address(es) to 
      # listen on;

The above enables the local machine only.

Note: the default install of PostgreSQL was configured to listen
on port 5433 whereas the client software was configured to
operate on port 5432. The port is set in this file. You may need to
change the port setting to 5432 on your system (re-start required).
You can discover which port PostgreSQL is listening on with the
command:

ls /var/run/postgresql/ ­a 

If you see files named: .s.PGSQL.5433 and .s.PGSQL.5433.lock ,

your PostgreSQL is listening on port 5433 and you should change
the configuration port and re-start.
The connecting clients IP numbers should be in the file
pg_hba.conf found in the same directory. This file is used in client
authentication. For localhost, the following should be adequate:

# IPv4 local connections: 
   host    all  all  127.0.0.1/32    trust 
# IPv6 local connections: 
   host    all  all  ::1/128         trust 

Note: to enable a group of IP numbers, your IPV4 address should

look like:
host all all 134.161.0.0/16 trust

Where the high order 16 bits must match (134.161) but the
remaining 16 bits can be any value. The above enables any
machine on the UNI campus (134.161.....). See the PostgreSQL
documentation for further details.
After you have modified the configuration settings you need to
restart the server. As root, execute the following:
/etc/init.d/postgresql­8.4 stop
/etc/init.d/postgresql­8.4 start

Note: systems other than Ubuntu may place the commands in a

different location. Also not the version number which may be
different on your machine.
Next, you need to create a user or users. By default, the Ubuntu
PostgreSQL install will add your primary login account as a user. It
will also create a user named postgres. You can add additional
users by adding their Ubuntu login id. To do this, become
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superuser then become user postgres and then create the user.
You will be prompted for details:

sudo su postgres (system password will be requested)
createuser demo 
Shall the new role be a superuser? (y/n) n 
Shall the new role be allowed to create databases? (y/n) n 
Shall the new role be allowed to create more new roles? (y/n) n 

Answer the questions as appropriate for you case. You can

delete a user with the dropuser command. Note: there are other
ways to add users and configure their privileges. The user id
should be the same as the user's Linux login user id.
To continue you need to create a database. As mentioned above,
PostgreSQL consists of a collection of one or more databases. In
each, are the relational tables, etc. One of them will be named
mumps and will contain the Mumps global arrays. The actual name
of you database(s) will be determined by their use but for purposes
of example, we create a database named medical. One way to
create a database is:

createdb medical

To test a connection, try something like:

psql ­h host1.abc.com ­d medical

where the -h option specifies the remote host to connect to and

the -d medical specifies the name of the database to which you are
connecting. Omit the -h host1.abc.com if the server is running on
your local machine. If all works well, you should get a prompt from
the psql command line interface. You may exit it by typing \q.
Some other handy command for psql are:
1. \h – a complete list of commands to the server for which
help is available (type q to end the listing);
2. \? - a complete list of commands to psql ;
3. \dt – to show the tables in this data base.
Finally, you need to start Mumps and initialize the global array
table. As noted above, when you are connected to PostgreSQL, you
are connected to a database. Each database has, among other
things, tables. The Mumps global arrays are stored in a table
named mumps. For each database in which you store global array
variables, you must have a mumps table. Each mumps table must
be initialized before it is used.
By default, Mumps will attempt to connect to the database
named mumps and access the table named mumps unless you
specify a different database in the connection command (sql/d).

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Thus, you should to create the default database and initialize it at
this point. To do so, enter the following commands:
createdb mumps
  mumps
  sql/f
  sql/c
  halt

The first creates the default mumps database. The second

starts the Mumps interpreter. The third, processed by the Mumps
interpreter, initializes the mumps table in the mumps database.
You may receive a Notice message from PostgreSQL when you
type this. You may ignore the message. It is merely advising that
no previous instances of the mumps table exist. The sql/c
command disconnects from the database.

Now you can run mumps programs and all global array activity
will default to the database named mumps. When you run the
Mumps interpreter, you will not need to connect to the server and
specify a particular database. The interpreter will automatically
connect to the mumps database.

However, you may want your mumps global arrays to reside in

another database. In this case, you need to create the database
and initialize a mumps table in it. Subsequently, you will need to
connect to the database each time you want to use it (sql/d).
First, you need to create the database:
createdb medical;

Then you initialize a mumps table in it. To do this, you need to

connect to the database and then run the initialization command
sql/f. The initialization command will create the mumps table (and
delete any pre-existing table and all its contents). The commands
to do this are:

mumps
sql/d dbname=medical
sql/f
sql/c

The first command establishes the connection with the database,

in this case medical running on the local host (see below for
additional connection parameters). The second command formats
the mumps table. The third command disconnects from the
database. Now the database is ready for use by Mumps. Note: you
must re-connect to the database each time you want to store
global arrays in it and you should always disconnect when the
connection is no longer needed.

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1.2 Basic Mumps SQL commands:

1.2.1 Connect to server

sql/d connect-string

where connect-string is either text or &~exp~ such that exp

evaluates to a string of text.

The string is the information needed to connect to the

PostgreSQL server. At a minimum, it should include the name of
the database to which you are connecting:

dbname=medical

Other options include the host, host address, user, password,

etc. See
http://www.postgresql.org/docs/8.4/static/libpq­connect.html

for a complete list (this is the documentation of the C function

PQconnectdb() used to connect to the database but has all the
possible options listed).
Options you don't include default. For a local server, you
probably only need the dbname= parameter and be sure that (1)
you are running as a known PostgreSQL user and (2) that you
have read/write privs in the directory you are running in.

Examples:

1 sql/d dbname=medical
2 sql/d host=abc.def.xyz.edu dbname=medical
3 sql/d hostaddr=123.321.432.321 dbname=medical
4 sql/d user=joe password=abc123 dbname=medical host=abc.def.com
5 set x="dbname=medical"
6 sql/d &~x~

Figure 2 PostgreSQL connections

Line 1 shows a connection being made to a server on the local

machine by a Mumps program being run by a user who is an
authorized user of the server. Line 2 shows access to a remote
server by a user on a machine authorized to access the server.
Line 3 uses the IP number style rather than a URL. Line 4 shows a
login to a remote server with user name and password. Lines 5
and 6 show command line substitution where the value of x is
inserted onto the connection line.

1.2.2 Disconnect from server

sql/c

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 Disconnect from the database. No parameters, no other
commands on the line. No further commands may be sent to the
database server until a new connection is established.

1.2.3 Format/prepare global array table

sql/f

Clear and prepare a mumps database table in PostgreSQL. This

command deletes and removes any previous mumps database
table from the PostgreSQL server and defines a new, empty table
of the same name. You should do this the first time you store
Mumps global arrays in PostgreSQL. Subsequently, do this only if
you want to delete the global array database and start over.

This command (no other line options, no other commands

permitted on the same line) creates a table named mumps in
the current database. Thus, you must be connected with a server
and a database before you execute it. The mumps database has
eleven columns the first of which is named 'gbl' and the
subsequent ones are named a1, a2, ... a10 and it may be queried
by SELECT statements but this is probably not desirable.

Note: this only clears the mumps table in the current database
(dbname=...). The contents of mumps tables in other databases
are unchanged.

1.2.4 Execute SQL command

sql string

Where string can be text or &~exp~ where exp evaluates to

a string. Passes a command to the PostgreSQL server. $test will
be true (1) if no error is reported.

The builtin Mumps variable $zsql will contain any messages or

'ok' if there were none. Do not use this command for SELECT
queries.

1.2.5 Execute SQL command with file results

sql/o=fileName string

where fileName must evaluate to a valid filename in which will

be stored the results of the command which follows.
string may be a text string or &~exp~ where exp evaluates to
valid SQL command text.
The tuple output of the command will be stored in the file with
TAB characters delimiting the values of the columns.
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 The builtin Mumps variable $zsql will contain any messages or
ok if there were none.

For example:

1 #!/usr/bin/mumps
2 sql/d host=192.168.2.4 dbname=medical
3 write "msg=",$zsql,! // any message from the SQL server?
4 write $zsqlOpen,! // is the connection open?
5 sql/o="www" select * from ptname;
6 write $zsql,! // messages?
7 write $zsqlCols,! // TAB separated list of column names

Figure 3 - Accessing the RDBMS

The output of the SQL command on line 5 will be written to the

file named www.

1.2.6 Re-direct Mumps global array table

sql/t=table,size

The sql/t=table,size command is used to enable a different

PostgreSQL table to become accessible as a Mumps global array.
Both table and size must be valid Mumps expressions.

Normally, Mumps will store global array references into a table in

the current database named mumps. This table consists of twelve
columns. The first column (gbl) contains the name of the global
array, columns a1 … a10 contain index values or null and column
a11 contains the value stured at the global array reference or null.
You may cause global array references to take place in a
different table by use of this command. In the command, you
specify the name of the table and its size.
table must be the name of an existing, valid table or view in
the relational database. size gives the number of columns,
exclusive of the first column. The first column must contain the
name to be used for global array references. After this command
is executed, the table named may be accessed as a global array.
The new table must have column names gbl, a1, a2, …

1.2.7 SQL related builtin functions

Added builtin SQL functions in latest version of Mumps:

i. $zsql Returns the SQL server error message for

the most recent command or 'ok.'
ii. $zsqlCols Returns a string consisting of the
columns names for the most recent operation that
returned tuples. Each name is separated from the
next by a TAB character ($char(9)).

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 iii. $zsqlOpen Returns true if a connection to the SQL
server is open, false otherwise.

1.2.8 Examples

1.2.8.1 Database definition

The following examples use a simplistic relational database
containing tables related to medical data. The following gives the
database definition:

create table demographic (ptid text, DOB text, Gender text,

Race text, Marital text, PriPhys text,
PriPhysTel text, PriPhysAddr text, EContact text,
ERelat text, EAddr text, ETel text, PriPharm text,
PriPharmAddr text, PriPharmTel text);

create table temperature (ptid text, date text, time text,

temperature text);

create table bp (ptid text, date text, time text, sys text,
dia text, pulse text);

create table problems (ptid text, icd text, problem text,

onset text, resolved text, dxphys text);

create table financial (ptid text, insur text, insnbr text,

insname text, emp text,empaddr text, emptel text);

create table ptname (ptid text, namefirst text, namelast text,

namemiddle text, nameprefix text, namesuffix text);

create table address (ptid text, street text, city text,

state text, zip text, telephone text, date text);

create table labs (ptid text, date text, time text, test text,
result text);

create table meds (ptid text, date text, time text,

med text, init text, finish text, dose text,
freq text, phys text);

Figure 4 - Data base definition

1.2.8.2 Accessing a relational database from Mumps:

1 #!/usr/bin/mumps
2
3 # establish connection to server
4
5 sql/d dbname=medical
6
7 # check connection
8
9 if '$test write "Connection error: ",$zsql,! halt
10
11 # build a command
12
13 set cmd="select namefirst,namelast,problem from ptname,problems"
14 set cmd=cmd_" where ptname.ptid=problems.ptid;"
15
12
16 # send command to server
17 # results will be in xxx.tmp where xxx is the unique process id
18 # of this progrogarm
19
20 sql/o=$job_".tmp" &~cmd~
21
22 # check for error
23
24 if '$test write "Command error: ",$zsql,! halt
25
26 # open the results file for input
27
28 open 1:$job_".tmp,old"
29
30 if '$test write "file not found",! halt
31
32 # read input & print. values separated by TAB's - $char(9)
33
34 for do
35 . use 1
36 . read line
37 . if '$test break
38 . set first=$piece(line,$char(9),1)
39 . set last=$piece(line,$char(9),2)
40 . set prob=$piece(line,$char(9),3)
41 . use 5
42 . write last,", ",first,":",?25,prob,!
43
44 close 1
45 use 5
46
47 # disconnect from server
48
49 sql/c
50 halt

with the results (all data fictitious):

Jones, John: ACUTE TONSILLITIS

Jones, John: CARDIOMYOPATHY
Jones, John: INFLAMMATION OF EYELIDS
Jones, John: EPILEPSY
Jones, John: DEPRESSIVE DISORDER NEC
Jones, John: COAGULATION DEFECTS
Jones, John: THIAMINE/NIACIN DEFIC
Jones, John: ACUTE TONSILLITIS
Smith, Charles: ACUTE TONSILLITIS
Smith, Charles: CARDIOMYOPATHY
Smith, Charles: INFLAMMATION OF EYELIDS
Smith, Charles: EPILEPSY
Smith, Charles: DEPRESSIVE DISORDER NEC
Smith, Charles: COAGULATION DEFECTS
Smith, Charles: THIAMINE/NIACIN DEFIC
Smith, Charles: ACUTE TONSILLITIS

Figure 5 - SQL from Mumps

1.2.8.3 With a web server

1 #!/usr/bin/mumps
2
3 html Content-type: text/html &!&!
4 html <html><body bgcolor=silver><font size=+1>
5

13
6 set x="dbname=medical"
7
8 # Open the connection.
9 # The &~exp~ causes 'exp' to be inserted into the line
10
11 sql/d &~x~
12
13 # $test will be 1 and $zsql will be 'ok' if it worked
14
15 if $test html Connection to database open <br>
16 else do
17 . html Connection to database failed </body></html>
18 . halt
19
20 # Flush/delete/create a mumps table in the database.
21
22 sql/f
23
24 if $test html Mumps tables initialized <br>
25 else html Mumps table initialization failed <br>
26
27 # prepare a query and run it. Output will go to xxx.file
28 # where 'xxx' is the process id of this program
29
30 set x="select * from ptname;"
31
32 html Sending query: &~x~ <br>
33
34 sql/o="/tmp/"_$job_".file" &~x~
35
36 set ptname=$zsqlCols // gets column names TAB separated
37
38 if $test html Query successfully processed <p>
39 else do
40 . html Query failed. Message=&~$zsql~ <br></body></html>
41 . halt
42
43 # Open the file or results and process same.
44
45 open 1:"/tmp/"_$job_".file,old"
46
47 if '$test do
48 . html Results file error<br></body></html>
49 . halt
50
51 # Each line consists of columns separated by TAB characters
52 # $char(9) is a TAB. sepearte the lines. ptname is:
53
54 html <table border><tr>
55
56 for i=1:1:6 do
57 . html <td> &~$piece(ptname,$char(9),i)~ </td>
58
59 html </tr>
60
61 for do
62 . use 1 // unit 1 to be used for I/O
63 . read line
64 . if '$test break
65 . use 5 // unit 5 now used for I/O
66 . html <tr>
67 . for i=1:1 do
68 .. set col=$piece(line,$char(9),i)
69 .. if col="" break

14
70 .. html <td> &~col~ </td>
71 . html </tr>
72
73 use 5
74 html </table>
75
76 html </body>
77 html </html>
78
79 shell/g rm &~"/tmp/"_$job_".file"~
80 halt

Figure 6 - Web server SQL access

Yields the following web browser display:

Figure 7 - Browser display

1.2.8.4 Using PostgreSQL to store the global arrays

1 # name.mps
2
3 #!/usr/bin/mumps
4
5 html Content-type: text/html &!&!
6 html <html><body bgcolor=silver><font size=+1>
7
8 set x="dbname=medical"
9
10 # Open the connection.
11 # &~exp~ causes result of 'exp' to be inserted in line
12
13 sql/d &~x~
14
15 # $test will be 1 and $zsql will be 'ok' if it worked
16
17 if $test html Connection to database open <br>
15
18 else do
19 . html Connection to database failed </body></html>
20 . halt
21
22 # Flush/delete/create a mumps table in the database.
23
24 sql/f
25
26 if $test html Mumps tables initialized <br>
27 else html Mumps table initialization failed <br>
28
29 set cmd="create temp view names (gbl,a1,a2,a3) as select"
30 set cmd=cmd_"text 'names', ptid, namefirst, namelast from
ptname;"
31
32 sql &~cmd~
33
34 sql/t="names",3
35
36 html <hr>
37 for ptid="":$order(^names(ptid)):"" do
38 . for first="":$order(^names(ptid,first)):"" do
39 .. for last="":$order(^names(ptid,first,last)):"" do
40 ... write ptid," ",first," ",last,"<br>"
41
42 html <hr></body></html>
43 halt

Figure 8 - Accessing RDBMS

Figure 9 - Browser display

1.2.8.5 More examples

with three Mumps programs: One that gets and formats the
ptname table data, one that gets and formats the labs table data
and one that actually does the formating and printing
Note: in this example one Mumps program invokes another.
When this happens, the symbol table, all open files, and other
environment variables are shared with the program invoked. This
includes the database connection.

16
 In these examples, the HTML page, when the SUBMIT button is
clicked, invokes the labrpt.mps program. This program, in turn,
invokes name.mps which gets data from the ptname table.
name.mps invokes rsltprint.mps which formats the results table
from the results file xxx.file (where xxx is the unique process id).
rsltprint.mps returns to name.mps which returns to labrpt.mps
which then queries the labs table then calls the rsltprint.mps
program a second time. Note, the connection to the server is
established at the beginning and remains open until labrpt.mps
finishes.

1 # name.mps
2
3 #!/usr/bin/mumps
4
5 # this module assumes that the connection is open
6
7 # prepare a query and run it. Output will go to xxx.file
8 # where 'xxx' is the process id of this program
9
10 set x="select * from ptname where ptid='"_ptid_"';"
11
12 sql/o="/tmp/"_$job_".file" &~x~
13
14 set cols=$zsqlCols
15
16 if '$test do
17 . html Query failed. <br></body></html>
18 . halt
19
20 # Open the file or results and process same.
21
22 do ^rsltprint.mps

Figure 10 - name.mps

1 #!/usr/bin/mumps
2
3 # rsltprint.mps
4
5 # this module assumes that the results file exists
6
7 open 1:"/tmp/"_$job_".file,old"
8
9 if '$test do
10 . html Results file error<br></body></html>
11 . halt
12
13 # Each line consists of columns separated by TAB characters
14 # $char(9) is a TAB. separate the lines.
15
16 html <table border=1><tr>
17
18 for i=1:1 do
19 . set x=$piece(cols,$char(9),i)
20 . if x="" break
21 . html <td> &~x~ </td>
22 html </tr><hr>
23
24 for do
25 . use 1 // unit 1 to be used for I/O
17
26 . read line
27 . if '$test break
28 . use 5 // unit 5 now used for I/O
29 . html <tr>
30 . for i=1:1 do
31 .. set col=$piece(line,$char(9),i)
32 .. if col="" break
33 .. html <td> &~col~ </td>
34 . html </tr>
35
36 use 5
37 html </table>
38
39 html </body>
40 html </html>
41
42 close 1
43
44 # delete the file
45
46 shell/g rm &~"/tmp/"_$job_".file"~
47 halt

Figure 11 - rsltprint.mps

1 # labrpt.mps
2
3 #!/usr/bin/mumps
4
5 html Content-type: text/html &!&!
6 html <html><body bgcolor=silver><font size=+1><center>
7
8 set x="user=okane host=192.168.2.4 dbname=medical"
9
10 # Open the connection.
11 # The &~exp~ causes 'exp' result inserted into the line
12
13 sql/d &~x~
14
15 # $test will be 1 and $zsql will be 'ok' if it worked
16
17 if '$test do
18 . html Connection to database failed </body></html>
19 . halt
20
21 if '$data(ptid) do
22 . html Error: no value specified for Patient ID (ptid).
23 . html </body></html>
24
25 # call a mumps routine to print the name of person ptid
26
27 do ^name.mps
28
29 # prepare a query and run it. Output will go to xxx.file
30 # where 'xxx' is the process id of this program
31
32 set x="select * from labs where ptid='"_ptid_"';"
33
34 sql/o="/tmp/"_$job_".file" &~x~
35
36 set cols=$zsqlCols
37
38 if '$test do

18
39 . html Query failed. Message=&~$zsql~ <br></body></html>
40 . halt
41
42 # print results
43
44 do ^rsltprint.mps
45
46 html </center></body>
47 html </html>
48 halt

Figure 12 - labrpt.mps

1 <html>
2 <body>
3 <font size=+2>
4 Worst General Hospital Lab Reports
5 <p>
6 <hr>
7 <form method=get action="cgi-bin/labrpt.mps">
8 Enter Patient Id:
9 <input type=text name=ptid value="" size=10>
10 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
11 <input type=submit value="Display Labs">
12 </form>
13 </body>
14 </html>

Figure 13 - Initial screen HTML

1.2.8.6 Timing comparisons.

Using Postgresql versus the native B-tree results in
approximately a 12 to 1 degradation. The following test program
was run several times. It randomly inserts 100,000 items into the
database.
1 #!/usr/bin/mumps
2
3 sql/d dbname=medical
4 sql/f
5
6 kill ^a
7
8 do $zsrand(999) // see random number generator
9
10 sql begin;
11 set t1=$zd1 // start time
12 for i=1:1:100000 set ^a($r(1000000)+1,i)=i
13 sql commit;
14
15 set i=""
16 set k=0
17 for do
18 . set i=$o(^a(i))
19 . if i="" break
20 . set j=""
21 . for do
22 .. set j=$o(^a(i,j))
23 .. if j="" break
24 .. set k=k+1
25
26 write $zd1-t1," ",k,!

19
 Figure 14 - Native vs. PostgreSQL

The average time of execution using the native B-tree was

approximately 4 seconds. For the same program with the --with-
pgdb option enabled was 48 seconds. Note: the SQL commands
are ignored if the --with-pgdb option was not specified when the
Mumps system was configured.
1.2.8.7 SQL Commands generated by Mumps statements
The following are examples of the SQL commands generated by
common Mumps global array manipulations. The Mumps
interpreter has an option which displays to stdout the SQL
commands being executed. These appear in the output that
follows the example program:
1 #!/usr/bin/mumps
2
3 write "*** establish database connection",!!
4
5 sql/d dbname=medical
6
7 write !,"*** flush/initialize the mumps table",!!
8
9 sql/f
10
11 write !,"*** kill any values in the table",!!
12
13 kill ^a
14
15 write !,"*** execute an SQL command",!!
16
17 sql begin;
18
19 write !,"*** insert values into the database",!!
20
21 set ^a(1)=1
22 set ^a(2)=12
23 set ^a(1,2)=2
24 set ^a(1,3)=23
25 set ^a(1,2,3)=3
26 set ^a(1,2,3,4)=4
27 set ^a(1,2,3,4,5)=5
28 set ^a(1,2,3,4,5,6)=6
29 set ^a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)=7
30 set ^a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)=8
31 set ^a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)=9
32 set ^a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)=10
33
34 write !,"*** extracting from the data base",!!
35
36 set i=^a(1)
37 write "*** expect 1 ",i,!
38 set i=^a(1,2)
39 write "*** expect 2 ",i,!
40 set i=^a(1,2,3)
41 write "*** expect 3 ",i,!
42 set i=^a(1,2,3,4)
43 write "*** expect 4 ",i,!
44 set i=^a(1,2,3,4,5)

20
45 write "*** expect 5 ",i,!
46 set i=^a(1,2,3,4,5,6)
47 write "*** expect 6 ",i,!
48 set i=^a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7)
49 write "*** expect 7 ",i,!
50 set i=^a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)
51 write "*** expect 8 ",i,!
52 set i=^a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9)
53 write "*** expect 9 ",i,!
54 set i=^a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10)
55 write "*** expect 10 ",i,!
56
57 write !,"*** execute an SQL command",!!
58
59 sql commit;
60
61 write !,"*** $order() examples",!!
62
63 set i=$order(^a(1))
64 write "*** $o(^a(1)) expect 2 ",i,!
65 set i=$order(^a(1,2))
66 write "*** $o(^a(1,2)) expect 3 ",i,!
67
68 write !,"*** $data() examples",!!
69
70 set i=$data(^a)
71 write "*** $d(^a) expect 10 ",i,!!
72
73 set i=$data(^a(1))
74 write "*** $d(^a(1)) expect 11 ",i,!!
75
76 set i=$data(^a(1,2))
77 write "*** $d(^a(1,2)) expect 11 ",i,!!
78
79 set i=$data(^a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9))
80 write "*** $d(^a(1,2...9)) expect 11 ",i,!!
81
82 set i=$data(^a(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10))
83 write "*** $d(^a(1,2,...10)) expect 1 ",i,!!
84
85 write !,"*** $query() example",!!
86
87 set x="^a"
88 for do
89 . set x=$query(x)
90 . if x="" break
91 . write "*** returned: ",x,!
92
93 write !,"*** kill example",!!
94 kill ^a(1,2)
95
96 write !,"*** dump the entire mumps table",!!
97
98 sql/o="tmp" select * from mumps;

output:

*** establish database connection

*** flush/initialize the mumps table

cmd=drop table if exists mumps;

21
cmd=create table mumps (gbl text, a1 text, a2 text, a3 text, a4 text,
a5 text, a6 text, a7 text, a8 text, a9 text, a10 text, a11
text);
cmd=create index m1 on mumps (gbl, a1, a2);

*** kill any values in the table

cmd04=delete from mumps where gbl='a' ;

*** execute an SQL command

*** insert values into the database

cmd=delete from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' ;

cmd02=insert into mumps values ('a', '1', '', '', '', '', '', '', '',
'', '', '1' );
cmd=delete from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='2' ;
cmd02=insert into mumps values ('a', '2', '', '', '', '', '', '', '',
'', '', '12' );
cmd=delete from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='2' ;
cmd02=insert into mumps values ('a', '1', '2', '', '', '', '', '', '',
'', '', '2' );
...
cmd=delete from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='2' and a3='3'
and a4='4' and a5='5' and a6='6' and a7='7' and a8='8' and
a9='9' and a10='10' ;
cmd02=insert into mumps values ('a', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6',
'7', '8', '9', '10', '10' );

*** extracting from the data base

cmd01=select a11 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='' and
a3='' and a4='' and a5='' and a6='' and a7='' and a8='' and
a9='' and a10='' limit 1;
*** expect 1 1
cmd01=select a11 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='2' and
a3='' and a4='' and a5='' and a6='' and a7='' and a8='' and
a9='' and a10='' limit 1;
*** expect 2 2
...
cmd01=select a11 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='2' and
a3='3' and a4='4' and a5='5' and a6='6' and a7='7' and a8='8'
and a9='9' and a10='10' limit 1;
*** expect 10 10

*** execute an SQL command

*** $order() examples

cmd05=select a1 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1>'1' order by a1 limit

1;
*** $o(^a(1)) expect 2 2
cmd05=select a2 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2>'2' order
by a2 limit 1;
*** $o(^a(1,2)) expect 3 3

*** $data() examples

cmd01=select a11 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='' and a2='' and
a3='' and a4='' and a5='' and a6='' and a7='' and a8='' and
a9='' and a10='' limit 1;
cmd05=select a1 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1>'' order by a1 limit
1;
*** $d(^a) expect 10 10

22
cmd01=select a11 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='' and
a3='' and a4='' and a5='' and a6='' and a7='' and a8='' and
a9='' and a10='' limit 1;
cmd05=select a2 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2>'' order
by a2 limit 1;
*** $d(^a(1)) expect 11 11

cmd01=select a11 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='2' and
a3='' and a4='' and a5='' and a6='' and a7='' and a8='' and
a9='' and a10='' limit 1;
cmd05=select a3 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='2' and
a3>'' order by a3 limit 1;
*** $d(^a(1,2)) expect 11 11

cmd01=select a11 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='2' and
a3='3' and a4='4' and a5='5' and a6='6' and a7='7' and a8='8'
and a9='9' and a10='' limit 1;
cmd05=select a10 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='2' and
a3='3' and a4='4' and a5='5' and a6='6' and a7='7' and a8='8'
and a9='9' and a10>'' order by a10 limit 1;
*** $d(^a(1,2...9)) expect 11 11

cmd01=select a11 from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='2' and
a3='3' and a4='4' and a5='5' and a6='6' and a7='7' and a8='8'
and a9='9' and a10='10' limit 1;
*** $d(^a(1,2,...10)) expect 1 1

*** $query() example

cmd03=select gbl,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10 from mumps where

(gbl,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10) >
('a','','','','','','','','','','') order by
gbl,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10 limit 1;
*** returned: ^a("1")
...
cmd03=select gbl,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10 from mumps where
(gbl,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10) >
('a','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','') order by
gbl,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10 limit 1;
*** returned: ^a("1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9","10")
...
cmd03=select gbl,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10 from mumps where
(gbl,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10) >
('a','1','3','','','','','','','','') order by
gbl,a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10 limit 1;
*** returned: ^a("2")

*** kill example

cmd04=delete from mumps where gbl='a' and a1='1' and a2='2';

*** dump the entire mumps table

Figure 15 - Mumps to SQL

23
Alphabetical Index
B-tree......................................................4 SQL BEGIN..............................................5
configure.................................................5 SQL COMMIT...........................................5
Connect to server...................................9 sql/c........................................................9
cpu64......................................................5 sql/d........................................................9
create table..........................................12 sql/f.......................................................10
Disconnect from server..........................9 sql/o......................................................10
Execute SQL command.........................10 sql/t.......................................................11
Execute SQL command with file results SUBMIT button......................................17
..............................................................10 TCP/IP......................................................5
Format/prepare global array table.......10 Ubuntu....................................................5
pg_hba.conf ...........................................6 --with-pgdb...........................................20
psql.........................................................7 $zsql..................................................10p.
Re-direct Mumps global array table.....11 $zsqlCols...............................................11
SELECT..................................................10 $zsqlOpen.............................................12
sql.........................................................10

24