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Types of Qualitative Research

This document discusses different types of qualitative research. It outlines six common types: phenomenology, which deals with lived experiences; ethnography, which involves immersing in a culture; grounded theory, which aims to explain phenomena; case study, which takes an in-depth look at a single subject; narrative research, which focuses on stories; and content analysis, which analyzes written, verbal or visual communication. Examples are given for how each type may be applied to research questions across various fields of study.

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Retche Colegado
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
106 views12 pages

Types of Qualitative Research

This document discusses different types of qualitative research. It outlines six common types: phenomenology, which deals with lived experiences; ethnography, which involves immersing in a culture; grounded theory, which aims to explain phenomena; case study, which takes an in-depth look at a single subject; narrative research, which focuses on stories; and content analysis, which analyzes written, verbal or visual communication. Examples are given for how each type may be applied to research questions across various fields of study.

Uploaded by

Retche Colegado
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2: Introduction to Qualitative Research 
Lesson 2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 
 
Contents 
Engage 1 
Introduction 1 
Objectives 2 

Explore 2 

Explain and Elaborate 3 


Types of Qualitative Research 4 

Extend 7 
Activity 1 7 

Evaluate 8 

Wrap Up 10 

Bibliography 1​1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   

 
 
Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 

Engage   
 

  Introduction 

 
Fig. 1. Human experiences as the subject of qualitative research 
 
Qualitative  research  is  very  useful  in  documenting  human  experiences,  behaviors,  and 
practices.  Specifically,  qualitative  research  is  particularly  useful  in  answering  the  ​why  ​and 
how  ​questions.  How  can  we  maximize  the  use  of  qualitative  research  in  addressing  our 
research  problems?  Do  all  qualitative  research  approach  the  research  problems  the  same 
way?  This  lesson aims to enumerate the different types of qualitative research being used in 
the different fields of studies.  
 
 
 
 
 

 
  1 
 
 
Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 
 

  Objectives  
In this lesson, you should be able to do the following: 
● Enumerate the different types of qualitative research.  
● Determine the appropriate type of qualitative research for a topic of inquiry. 
 
DepEd Competency 
Describe  the  characteristics,  strengths,  weaknesses,  and  kinds  of  qualitative  research. 
(CS_RS11-IIIb-1) 
 
 

Explore   
 

       15 minutes 
In  this activity, you will search for different qualitative research papers in the Philippines and 
identify the common uses of the qualitative approach. 
 
1. The students must form a group of three to five members.  
2. Each  member  must  search  for  one  qualitative  research  paper  using resources in the 
library or online databases. 
3. Identify the major objective of the research paper.  
4. Then, identify how the qualitative approach was used to achieve the objective. 
5. Complete the table given below then answer the guide questions that follow.  
 

Research Title  Research Objective  Use of Qualitative 


Approach  

     
 
 
 
 
 

 
  2 
 
 
Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 
 
Guide Questions 
 
1. Based  on  the  papers  that  you  have  searched,  which  field  of  study  commonly  uses  the 
qualitative approach? 

 
 
 
 
 
 
2. What research objectives usually involve the use of the qualitative approach? 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
3. Do  you  think  qualitative  research  can  be  used  in  a  wide  variety  of  research  objectives? 
What could be its limitation? 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
  3 
 
 
Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 

Explain and Elaborate   


 
Types of Qualitative Research 
Qualitative  research  is  being  used  in  different  fields  of  study.  It  commonly  focuses  on 
human  behaviors,  perception,  and  interpretations.  There  are  six  common  types  of 
qualitative research. 
 
Phenomenology 
Phenomenology  is  a  type  of  qualitative  research  that  deals  with  the  description  of 
participants'  lived  experiences  of  a  specific  event​.  This  research  design  uses  interviews, 
observation, and surveys in gathering data from the sample.  
 
This  research  design  can  be  used  by  a  team  leader  of  a  sales  team  in  order  to  understand 
the emotions of his team members whenever they are not reaching their quota. 
 

​ emember 
R
Choosing  one  of  the  types  of  qualitative  research  is  ​dependent  on 
the research questions​ that the researcher wants to answer. 

 
Ethnography 
In  ethnographic  study, the researcher is ​immersed into the natural setting of the subjects 
for  a  long  period  of  time.  The  primary  purpose  of  this  design is to ​understand the culture 
and experiences​ of a group of people in their natural environment.  
 
This  research  design  is  useful  for  a  social  worker  who  wants  to  understand  why  girls  as 
young as 13 years old are getting married to older men in a community in Palawan. 
 
Grounded Theory  
Grounded  theory  aims  to  ​explain  a  phenomenon  and  the  evolution  of  its  course  of 
action​.  Most  of  the  time,  grounded  theory  deals  with  research  topics  that  look  at  a  large 

 
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Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 
number  of  subjects​.  ​At  the  same  time, grounded theory ​forms theoretical models ​based 
on  published  data​.  Figure  2  shows  the  common  framework  in  a  research  that  employs 
grounded theory. 
 

 
Fig. 2. Common framework of grounded theory  
 
This  research  design  can  be  useful  for  a  linguist  who wants to come up with an explanation 
or  a  theory  on  the  kind  of  utterances  produced  by  children  who  have  been  exposed  to 
smartphones at a very young age. 
 
 
Case Study  
Case  study  ​deals  with an in-depth look at one specific subject​. In a case study, the subject 
can  be  a  specific  person.  The  subject  can  also  be  in  the  form  of  an  entire  business, 
organization,  town,  or  a  city.  Usually,  data  are  collected  from  various  sources  and 
experience trials, then compiled to form a bigger conclusion.  
 
 
  5 
 
 
Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 
This  research  design  is  highly  utilized  in  the  management  of  a  patient  exhibiting  specific 
conditions.  The  findings  in  a  case  study  will  eventually  serve  as  the  basis  in  the 
establishment of a standard medical procedure for managing a specific disease or ailment.  
 

Review  
Grounded  theory  and  case  study  differ  in  terms  of  ​sample  sizes​. 
Grounded  theory  deals  with  a  large  sample  size  while  case study focuses 
on a single individual or organization.  

 
 
Historical Review 
Historical  review  is  a  type  of  qualitative research that aims to ​describe past events to fully 
understand  the  current  patterns  needed  for  making  future  decisions​.  This  aims  to 
answer  questions  that  are  merely  based  on  hypothetical  ideas,  and  then  utilize  available 
resources to test the idea.  
 
This  research  design  can  be  used  to  analyze  the  possible  evolution of human society based 
on  comparative  historical  research  on  human  behavior,  hierarchy,  and  status,  as  well  as 
social characteristics using past and present data. 
 
Narrative Review 
Narrative  review  is  usually  being  used  to  ​document  changes  in  human  perspective  or 
behavior​.  It  may  also  involve  events  or  phenomena  in  the  society.  The  narrative  analysis 
can be extended over certain periods of time that tries to update the data as it happens. ​In a 
narrative  review,  the  researcher  needs  to  identify  a  certain  starting  point  and  assess  the 
situation as it develops into a full-blown story.  
 
This  research  design  can  be  used  in  defining  buyer  personas,  which  can  be  utilized  to 
develop  marketing  innovations  that  appeal  to  a  target  market.  Narrative  review  is  also  a 
good  method  for  building  a  bibliographical  documentation  of  the  life  of  a  relevant 
personality in society. This is particularly helpful for historians.  

 
  6 
 
 
Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 
 
 

Extend   
 
 
Activity 1 
Identify  possible  research  topics  that  can  be  studied  using  the  given  type  of  qualitative 
research. 
 
 

Type of Qualitative  Possible Research Topic 


Research 

Phenomenology   
 

Ethnography   
 

Grounded theory   
 

Case study   
 

Narrative review   
 

HIstorical review   
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
  7 
 
 
Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 
 

​ uide 
G
In  determining  research  topics suitable for a specific type of qualitative research, think 
of  your  objective(s)  for  that  topic,  then  ​compare  it  with  the  purpose  of  the  type  of 
qualitative research. 

 
 

Evaluate   
 

A. Determine  which  word  in  the  sentence  makes  the 


statement incorrect. 

1. Ethnographic  method  is  a  type  of  qualitative research that deals with the description 


of participants' experiences of a specific event. 

 
2. The  narrative  review  is  a  type  of  qualitative  research  that  aims  to  describe  past 
events  in  order  to  fully  understand  the  current  patterns  needed  for  making  future 
decisions.  

 
3. Grounded theory deals with an in-depth look at one specific subject. 

  
 
 
 
 
 
  8 
 
 
Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 
 

B.  Evaluate  each  research  topic  then  identify  what  type  of  qualitative 
 
research can be used to answer it.  

 
1. Market  analysis  of  consumers'  experiences  about  the  product  that  they  have  tested 
for the first time 

  
2. Comparing  the  improvements  of  Filipino  nurses  in  terms  of  their  work  habits  and 
ethics 

  
3. Documenting medical procedures being done to a patient with a rare genetic disease 

  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
  9 
 
 
Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 
 
 

Wrap Up 
___________________________________________________________________________________________ 
 
● Qualitative  research  commonly  focuses  on  human  behaviors,  perception,  and 
interpretations. 
● Choosing  one  of  the  types  of  qualitative  research  entails  checking  the  research 
questions and the purpose of the researcher. 
● All of the types of qualitative research can be used in any field of inquiry. 
 

 
Fig. 3. Types of qualitative research 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  10 
 
 
Unit 2.2: Types of Qualitative Research 
 
 
___________________________________________________________________________________________ 
 

  Bibliography 
Creswell,  John  W.  ​Research  Design:  Qualitative,  Quantitative,  and  Mixed  Methods  Approaches, 
3rd edition. California: SAGE Publications Inc., 2009. 
 
Leavy,  Patricia.  ​Research  Design:  Quantitative,  Qualitative,  Mixed  Methods,  Arts-Based,  and 
Community-Based  Participatory  Research  Approaches.  ​New  York:  The  Guilford  Press, 
2017. 
 
Neuman,  W.  Lawrence.  ​Social  Research  Methods:  Qualitative  and  Quantitative  Approaches​, 7th 
ed. Essex: Pearson Education Limited., 2014. 
 
O’Leary, Zina. ​The Essential Guide to Doing Research​.​ ​London: SAGE Publications Ltd., 2004. 
 
Vanderstoep,  Scott  W.,  and  Deirdre  D.  Johnston.  ​Research  Methods for Everyday Life: Blending 
Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches​. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass., 2009. 
 

 
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