SUBMITTED TO DR.

KHURRAM SHAHZAD
SUBMITTED BY MUHAMMAD IBRAHIM SHAFEI
SUBMITTED ON 08-11-2021
SAP ID 27912
 ADVANCE RESEARCH METHODS [ ASSIGNMENT 1 ]

CONTENTS
Exercise 5.5 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Exercise 5.2 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Exercise 5.3 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 2
Exercise 5.4 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Exercise 5.5 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
Exercise 5.6 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Exercise 5.7 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 4
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
Situation 1 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Situation 2 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
Situation 3 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Exercise 5.8 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
Exercise 5.9 ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
Exercise 5.10 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7
Exercise 5.11 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 8
Solution: ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8
Hypothesis 1...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
Exercise 5.12 .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Solution ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Hypothesis ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Exercise 5.13 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
Solution ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 10

SAP ID: 27912 1

 ADVANCE RESEARCH METHODS [ ASSIGNMENT 1 ]

EXERCISE 5.5

A manager finds that off‐the‐job classroom training has a great impact on the productivity of the employees in her
department. However, she also observes that employees over 60 years of age do not seem to derive much benefit
and do not improve with such training.

SOLUTION

➢ Independent Variable: Confidence

➢ Dependent Variable: Reaction to new Information

EXERCISE 5.2

A marketing manager believes that limiting the availability of a product increases product desirability. What is the
dependent variable here?

SOLUTION

➢ Independent Variable: Product Availability

➢ Dependent Variable: Product Demand

EXERCISE 5.3

An investor believes that more information increases the accuracy of his forecasts.

SOLUTION

➢ Independent Variable: Information

➢ Dependent Variable: Accuracy of Forecast

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 ADVANCE RESEARCH METHODS [ ASSIGNMENT 1 ]

EXERCISE 5.4

A marketing manager believes that selecting physically attractive spokespersons and models to endorse their
products increases the persuasiveness of a message.

SOLUTION

➢ Independent Variable: Attractiveness of Marketing HR

➢ Dependent Variable: Product Endorsement

EXERCISE 5.5

A manager finds that off‐the‐job classroom training has a great impact on the productivity of the employees in her
department. However, she also observes that employees over 60 years of age do not seem to derive much benefit
and do not improve with such training.

SOLUTION

➢ Independent Variable: Classroom Training

➢ Dependent Variable: Employee’s Productivity

➢ Moderator: Employee’s Age

EXERCISE 5.6

A manager of an insurance company finds that “fear appeals” in commercials are positively associated with
consumers’ behavioral intentions to insure their house. This effect is particularly strong for people with a high
inherent level of anxiety.

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 ADVANCE RESEARCH METHODS [ ASSIGNMENT 1 ]

SOLUTION

➢ Independent Variable: Fear Appeals in Commercials

➢ Dependent Variable: Intentions towards House Insurance

➢ Moderator: Level of Inherent Anxiety

EXERCISE 5.7

Make up three different situations in which motivation to work would be an independent variable, a mediating
variable, and a moderating variable.

SOLUTION

SITUATION 1
➢ Independent Variable: Motivation

➢ Dependent Variable: Career Growth.

SITUATION 2
➢ Independent Variable: Work place Environment

➢ Dependent Variable: Employee’s Performance

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 ADVANCE RESEARCH METHODS [ ASSIGNMENT 1 ]

➢ Moderator: Motivation

SITUATION 3
➢ Independent Variable: Appearance/ Presentation

➢ Dependent Variable: Sales

➢ Mediator: Motivation

EXERCISE 5.8

Failure to follow accounting principles causes immense confusion, which in turn creates a number of problems for
the organization. Those with vast experience in bookkeeping, however, are able to avert the problems by taking
timely corrective action. List and label the variables in this situation, explain the relationships among the variables,
and illustrate these by means of diagrams.

SOLUTION

➢ Independent Variable: Compliance of Accounting Principles

➢ Dependent Variable: Problems

➢ Moderator: Corrective Actions

➢ Mediator: Confusion

SAP ID: 27912 5

 ADVANCE RESEARCH METHODS [ ASSIGNMENT 1 ]

EXERCISE 5.9

A store manager observes that the morale of employees in her supermarket is low. She thinks that if their working
conditions are improved, pay scales raised, and the vacation benefits made more attractive, the morale will be
boosted. She doubts, however, if an increase in pay scales would raise the morale of all employees. Her conjecture
is that those who have supplemental incomes will just not be “turned on” by higher pay, and only those without
side incomes will be happy with increased pay, with a resultant boost in morale. List and label the variables in this
situation. Explain the relationships among the variables and illustrate them by means of diagrams. What might be
the problem statement or problem definition for the situation?

SOLUTION

➢ Independent Variable 1: Working Conditions

➢ Independent Variable 2: Vacation Benefits

➢ Independent Variable 3: Pay Scale

➢ Dependent Variable: Morale

➢ Moderator: Side Income

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 ADVANCE RESEARCH METHODS [ ASSIGNMENT 1 ]

EXERCISE 5.10

Avatars are virtual characters that can be used as representatives of a company that is using the Internet as a
distribution channel. For instance, avatars can be used as shopping assistants, website guides, or as identification
figures. A manager of an online company believes that avatar‐mediated communication will have a positive effect
on satisfaction with her company and on purchase intentions of consumers, because avatars enhance the value of
information provided on the website and increase the pleasure of the shopping experience. She also believes that
the positive effect of the perceived information value on satisfaction with the company and purchase intentions is
stronger when customers are highly involved. Develop a theoretical framework for this situation after stating what
the problem definition of the researcher would be in this case

SOLUTION

➢ Independent Variable: Value of Information

➢ Dependent Variable: Purchase Intentions

➢ Moderator: Avatar Assistance

➢ Mediator 1: Shopping Experience

➢ Mediator 2: Satisfaction

SAP ID: 27912 7

 ADVANCE RESEARCH METHODS [ ASSIGNMENT 1 ]

EXERCISE 5.11

Create a diagram to illustrate the relationships between the relevant variables in Exercise 5.9 and develop five
different hypotheses.

SOLUTION:

HYPOTHESIS 1
1. Raise in Pay Scale effects the morale of employees.

2. Improved working conditions improves the morale of the employees.

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 ADVANCE RESEARCH METHODS [ ASSIGNMENT 1 ]

3. Adding attractive vacation benefits boosts the morale of the employees

4. Employees with supplemental incomes have no effect on their morale with pay scale raise.

5. Morale of the employees improve with improved working conditions, pay scale raise and attractive vacation
benefit.

EXERCISE 5.12

A production manager is concerned about the low output levels of his employees. The articles that he has read on
job performance frequently mention four variables as being important to job performance: (1) skills required for
the job, (2) rewards, (3) motivation, and (4) satisfaction. In several of the articles it was also indicated that only if
the rewards were (attractive) to the recipients did motivation, satisfaction, and job performance increase, not
otherwise. Given this situation:

1. Define the problem.

2. Create a diagram.

3. Develop at least six hypotheses

SOLUTION

1. Define the problem

Managerial concerns about the low output levels of his employees

2. Create a diagram.

3. Develop at least six hypotheses

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 ADVANCE RESEARCH METHODS [ ASSIGNMENT 1 ]

HYPOTHESIS
1. Employees with better skills have better job performance.
2. Better rewards lead to better job performance of employees.
3. Greater the motivation better will be the Job performance of employees.
4. Satisfied employees will give better job performance.
5. Better reward gives more motivation and satisfaction to employees which in turn results in better job
performance.
6. Only attractive rewards enhance the job performance of employees, not otherwise.

EXERCISE 5.13

A recent study has investigated the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the market value of the firm.
This study developed and tested a conceptual framework, which posits that (1) customer satisfaction mediates the
relationship between CSR and the market value of the firm, and (2) two firm factors (“innovativeness capability”
and “product quality”) moderate the relationship between CSR and customer satisfaction. For this situation,
define the problem, draw a schematic diagram, and formulate the hypotheses

SOLUTION

1. Define the problem

Customer satisfaction and market value of the firm.

2. Draw a schematic diagram

3. Formulate the hypotheses

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) effects the Market Value of the firm through customer satisfaction provided
that firm have better innovativeness capability and product quality.

SAP ID: 27912 10