JEWELRY

&
ACCESSORIES
CERTIFICATE PAGE
INDEX :

1. JEWELRY INTRODUCTION
● TYPES OF JEWELRY
● HISTORY OF JEWELRY

DIFFERENT TYPES OF JEWELRY

2. EARRINGS
● HISTORY
● RELIGIOUS
● TYPES OF EARRINGS

3. NECKLACE
● INTRODUCTION
● HISTORY
● TYPES OF NECKLACE

4. RING
● INTRODUCTION
● HISTORY
● TYPES

5. BRACELETS
● INTRODUCTION
● TYPES

6. WATCHES
● INTRODUCTION
● TYPES
JEWELRY :
Introduction :

● Jewelry is a personal ornament made from jewels, precious metals, or

other substances. Jewelry consists of small decorative items worn for
personal adornment such as rings, necklaces, earrings, bracelets,
brooches, cufflinks, etc

● Jewelry can be attached to body or clothes, made from a wide range

of materials

● The word jewelry is derived from the word jewel, which was anglicized
from the Old French “joule” around the 13th century. Further tracing
leads back to the Latin word m“jocale”, meaning plaything. In recent
times, it has been used almost exclusively for decoration.

● In earlier times, jewelry was created for more practical uses like
currency,
wealth display,storage,wedding dowries,etc.Jewelry as been used to
denote
Status as well

● In most cultures, jewelry can be understood as a status symbol, for

its materials properties, its pattern, or for meaningful symbols

TYPES OF JEWELRY :
Fine
Semi fine
Bridge
Costume
Vintage
Bead
Tribal
HISTORY OF JEWELRY
● The development of early jewelry can be roughly divided across three
ancient civilizations - Egypt, India, and China. Egypt and
Mesopotamia set standards for India however managed to develop
such a connection to jewelry that it became an integral part of their
daily life and religion. Since they were the first who managed to
conquer the art of gold gathering and processing, they develop the
art of jewel making much earlier than anyone in their environment

1. Ancient world jewelry:

➢ Jewelry is a universal form of decoration in human societies.
Evidence of jewelry made from shells, stone, and bones
survives from prehistoric times
and it is most likely that it was
worn as a protection from the
dangers of life or as a mark of
status or rank.
➢ In antiquity, the discovery of
metalwork was an essential stage
in the development
of the art of jewelry.
➢ Legends also tell us that gold is the
precious metal that was buried with the dead
to accompany its owner into the afterlife. Much
of the archaeological jewelry comes from
tombs and hoards.
2. Medieval jewellery 1200–1500
➢ The jewellery worn in medieval Europe reflected an intensely
hierarchical and status-conscious society. Royalty and the nobility
wore gold, silver and precious gems.
Lower ranks of society wore base metals,
such as copper or pewter. Colour
(provided by precious gems and enamel)
and protective power were highly valued.
Some jewels have cryptic or magical
inscriptions, believed to protect the
wearer.
➢ Until the late 14th century, gems were
usually polished rather than cut. Size and lustrous color determined
their value. Enamels - ground glasses fired at high temperature onto
a metal surface - allowed goldsmiths to color their designs on
jewelry. They used a range of techniques to create effects that are
still widely used today.
➢ The scenes on the lid show the Instruments of the Passion - scourge,
whip, lance, sponge and nails - which were used during the
Crucifixion. A tiny fragment of one of them may have formed a relic,
stored within the cross’s now empty
interior.
3. RENAISSANCE :

➢ Antique jewelry history during this Era. Renaissance jewels

communicated the passion of the age for splendor. Enamels became
more elaborate and colorful
➢ . Many spectacular pieces are worn as a display of political strength;
additionally. The increased importance of religion in everyday life
has also cast an impact on antique jewelry.
➢ The designs take inspiration from the newly found interest in the
classical world, with mythological figures and scenes becoming
popular.
➢ The art of gem engraving was also revived.
Different types of stones were thought to protect
against specific ailments or threats, ranging from
body pain to the evil eye.
➢ Particular types of stone were thought to protect
against specific ailments or threats, ranging from toothache to the evil eye.
They could also encourage or banish such characteristics as bravery or
melancholy.
➢ This scorpion etching dates from the 2nd or 1st century BC but has been
reused in a medieval ring. Carved Greek or Roman stones were
highlyvalued in the middle ages. They were found in excavations or in
surviving earlier pieces of jewellery and traded
across Europe.
4. 17th-century jewelry:

➢ By the mid-17th century, changes in fashion led to new, different

styles of jewelry. Even the color code of dresses decided which type
of jewelry one should wear like dark fabrics required gold jewelry, but
the softer pastel shades demanded pearls or vibrant gemstones.
The increasing global trade made gems even more available. The
most impressive jewelry pieces often have large bodices or breast
ornaments.
➢ These heavy ornaments were used to be stitched to the fabric. The
new enthusiasm for the harmony of nature shows in jewelry through
the use of swirling foliate decoration, bow motifs, and botanical
ornaments.
➔ Necklace with Sapphire Pendant, bow
about 1660, chain and pendant probably 18-1900,
Europe. Museum no. M.95-1909. © Victoria and Albert
Museum, London
5. 18TH CENTURY

➢ Jewelry from the 18th Century is not a common sight

in today’s society. Many of the pieces which are still in
existence are missing stones or were, in fact,
completely lacking in any precious stones.
➢ Much of the jewelry from this period used semi-precious stones or gems
and has little real value today. However, the pieces do have an aesthetic
appeal as well as being beautiful and hold significant historical value.
Many if the items of jewelry still in existence from this period are mourning
rings;
➢ Small swords were items of male jewelry. By the 1750s, their elaborate gold
and silver hilts, mounted with precious stones and fine enameling, were the
products of the goldsmith and jeweler rather than the swordsmith. They
were often given as rewards for distinguished military and
naval service.
➢ This sword is inscribed: ‘PRESENTED by the Committee
of Merchants &c OF LONDON to LIEUT.T FRANCIS DOUGLAS
for his Spirited and active conduct on board His Majesty’s
Ship the REPULSE. Ja.s Alms Esq. r Commander during the
MUTINY at the NORE in 1797. Marine Society Office, May 1o
1798 } Hugh Inglis Esq. r Chairman’.
6. 19TH Century :

➢ The 19th century was a period of huge industrial and social change, but
in jewelry design, the focus was often on the past. In the first decades,
classical styles were popular, evoking the glories of ancient Greece and
Rome.
➢ This interest in antiquities was stimulated by fresh archaeological
discoveries. Goldsmiths attempted to revive ancient techniques and
made jewelry that imitated or was in the style of,
archaeological jewelry.
➢ There was also an interest in jewels inspired by the

Medieval and Renaissance periods. It is a testament to the

period's eclectic nature that jewelers such as the
Castellani and Giuliano worked in archaeological and
historical styles at the same time.
➢ By the 1850s the delicate early designs had given way to
more extravagant and complex compositions of flowers and
foliage. At the same time, flowers were used to express love and friendship.
The colours in nature were matched by coloured
gemstones, and a 'language of flowers' spelt out special
messages. In contrast with earlier periods, the more
elaborate jewellery was worn almost exclusively by
women.
7. 20TH Century :

➢ The Art Nouveau movement came to an end

at the beginning of World War I. The years
that followed the war’s end seethed with new
excitement. In this new phase, the stylistic
trends—particularly the nonfigurative—that
began to emerge in the most advanced jewelry creations were closely
linked to those of painting and sculpture.
➢ It’s not just through consumer cultural commentators like Vogue that show
the range of cultural change. You can also get just a glimpse by looking at
the range of artistic movements, which impacted painting, sculpture, dress,
literature and of course, jewellery design.
➢ Expressionism
➢ Fauvism
➢ Cubism
➢ Dadaism
➢ Surrealism
➢ Abstract Expressionism
➢ Pop Art
➢ Post Modernism
➢ Within each movement artists explored and experimented with subject
matter through their own personal lens and lived experiences, culminating
in some of the greatest and most revered works of art and artists that we
know today..... Salvador Dali, Pablo Picasso, Piet Mondrian, Frida Kahlo,
Jackson Pollock,
Georgia O-Keeffe,
Francis Bacon, and
Andy Warhol to
name a few!
8. ART Jewellery and Modernist Jewellery

➢ Art jewellery stemmed from the Arts and Crafts movement

(1880-1920), a movement that rebelled against the Victorian
industrial revolution using nature-inspired motifs. Today, Art
jewellery is a term used to describe jewellery made by small
independent studios and craftspeople rather than big
brands.
➢ Art jewellery emphasises creative expression and artistic
freedom and is stylistically characterised by a variety of
materials, especially those of lower economic value. These
are specifically used to counteract jewellery that is made from valuable
materials, making us question - what is the inherent value of jewellery?
➢ Art Jewellery is linked to Studio jewellery, a movement that was sweeping
England and America in the 20th century. Like Art jewellery, Studio jewellery
is crafted from independent artists who handle chosen materials directly to
create one of a kind or limited production jewellery. The jeweller is both the
designer and the fabricator, and the work is created within a small private
studio rather than a large factory.
➢ The peacock was one of Ashbee's favourite and most distinctive motifs and
he is known to have designed about a dozen peacock jewels in the years
around 1900. Family tradition is that this
brooch was designed for his wife, Janet. It was
made by Ashbee's Guild of Handicraft Ltd. at
Essex House on the Mile End Road, London.
Contemporary jewelry

➢ Since the 1960s the boundaries of jewelry have been continually

redefined. Conventions have been challenged by successive
generations of independent jewelers, often educated at art college
and immersed in radical ideas.
➢ New technologies and non-precious materials, including plastics,
paper, and textiles, have overturned the notions of status
traditionally implicit in jewelry.

➢ Avant-garde artist-jewelers have explored the interaction of jewelry

with the body, pushing the boundaries of scale and wearability to

the limits. Jewelry has developed into wearable art. The debate on

its relationship to Fine Art continues.

Overall, these 20th-century jewellery

movements were catalysts for the fashion and
cultural showstopper of the 1970s, 1980s, and
1990s. Jewellery was quickly becoming a
stylistic hallmark of identity, as well as
becoming a profession that all could access.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF JEWELRY :

➢ Earrings :

An earring is a piece of jewelry attached to the ear via a piercing in the

earlobe or another external part of the ear. Earrings are worn by both
sexes, although more common among women, and have been used by
different civilizations in different times.

TYPES OF EARRINGS :

➢ Stud earrings

➢ Drop Earrings

➢ Cluster Earrings

➢ Dangle Earring

➢ Hoop EarrinG

➢ Huggie Earring

➢ Chandelier

➢ Threader

➢ jacket
HISTORY
➢ In the Orient, earrings historically were worn by both sexes; in the
West (including ancient Israel and Egypt) as a general rule, they were
considered to be exclusively female ornaments.

➢ Earrings have remained popular for more than 7000 years and
originated in ancient Asia. It was not long after the renaissance that
people were deterred from the rules of the Church. Pierced ears
would be present on young boys of single mothers whose husband
has been killed, and on the right ear of the only boy in the family
➢ Over time, earrings have
become less popular amongst
men and more so amongst women.
Many women choose to wear
different types of earrings with the
purpose of complementing their
faces and accentuating outfit
choices

RELIGIOUS
➢ According to Hindu dharma
tradition, most girls and some boys (especially the "twice-born") get their
ears pierced as part of a Dharmic rite known as
Karnavedha before they are about five years
old. Infants may get their ears pierced as early
as several days after their birth.
➢
➢ Similar customs are packed in other
Asian countries, including Nepal. Sri Lanka and
Laos although traditionally most males wait to
get their ears pierced until they have reached
young adulthood
NECKLACE :
● Necklaces are accessories worn around the neck. Necklaces can be
short or long; they can be paired with pendants and lockets.
Necklaces could be a simple chain with a lone pendant or studded
fully with pearls and beads; minimalist or statement; made of plastic
or metal. They are one of the most important accessories that can
enhance the face and body of men and women.

HISTORY :

● Necklaces have been worn since the

dawn of civilization. The earliest necklaces
were made of natural shells or stones. These
were replaced by fashioned beads, which
have been found in prehistoric grave sites.

● The ancient
Egyptians routinely made
beads of glass and glazed pottery and would
fashion these items into necklaces.

● Necklaces were also used as emblems of

power and authority in the Middle Ages.
Both kings and the clergy wore huge collars
of gold, enamel, and gemstones, complete
with their insignia or badge of office.

● During the late Gothic and early Renaissance

periods, necklaces became a more integral
part of dressing than brooches,
and began to be a mark for wealth and social
status.
TYPES OF NECKLACE

➢ COLLAR:

➢ BALL CHAIN :

➢ BOX CHAIN :

➢ CABLE CHAIN:

➢ BIB NECKLACE:

➢ LARIAT:

➢ THE CHOKER :

➢ MATINEE
NECKLACE :

➢ TORQUE
NECKLACE:
Ring :
A circular band of gold, silver, or some other precious or decorative
material that is worn on the finger. Rings are worn not only on the
fingers but also on toes, the ears (see earring), and through the nose.
Besides serving to adorn the body, rings have functioned as symbols
of authority, fidelity, or social status.

HISTORY :
➢ Finger rings may have existed since early humankind, yet many
of the organic materials used in the prehistoric era, such as
bones, shells and plants, would not have survived.

➢ Earliest known examples go back to the Sumerian civilization in

Mesopotamia of the third millennium B.C.E.

➢ Decorative examples of gold with inlaid

lapis-lazuli or carnelian are very rare; more
common are the stamp and cylinder seals of the
Ancient Near East, generally made of stone with
gold caps and swivel hoops, from which the signet
ring, the oldest form of finger ring originated.

➢ In the Middle Kingdom of Ancient Egypt in the

second millennium B.C.E., the cylinder seal ring
developed into a form that was to dominate
Egyptian finger rings for many centuries, that of the scarab, the
dung beetle carved in gemstones, such as lapis-lazuli, obsidian,
jasper, faience or glass imitations, with a drill hole and either a
cord or gold wire running through the beetle and encir-cling
the finger.
TYPES OF RINGS :

➢ Diamond Rings

➢ Gold Rings

➢ Class Rings

➢ Weddings Bands

➢ Moissanite Rings

➢ Silver Rings

➢ Birthstone Rings

➢ Platinum Rings

➢ Titanium Rings
BRACELETs
Bracelets, cylindrical-shaped ornaments worn encircling
the wrist or upper arm, have been one of the most popular
forms of ornamentation since prehistoric times. Incredibly
varied, bracelets are a universal form of jewelry.
Historically and culturally, they have been worn singly or in
multiples by both genders. Bracelets have been used for
protective and decorative purposes, in rituals, and to
indicate one's social status.

History

After neck ornaments, bracelets for the wrist, arm, or ankle are perhaps the
oldest form of jewelry. One of the first written records of humans wearing
bracelets is in the Hebrew Scriptures. The Bible mentions that there are
three types of bracelets: one worn exclusively by men, one worn only by
women, and one that may be worn by either sex. Although bracelets are
mentioned frequently in the Hebrew Scriptures, their distinctive
characteristics are not described.

Types
➢ TENNIS BRACELET

➢ CHARM BRACELET

➢ BEADED BRACELET

➢ BANGLE BRACELET

➢ CUFF BRACELET

➢ PEARL BRACELET
OTHER TYPES :

➢ WATCHES
➢ SUNGLASSES
➢ HANDBAGS
➢ GLOVES
➢ BROOCHES
➢ BELTS
➢ ANKLETS
➢ HAT
➢ HEAR
ACCESSORIES
➢ PERFUMES
➢ SCARVES
➢ FOOTWEAR