Scribd
Upload
32 views

Number System

The document discusses different types of numbers including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It provides examples and properties of each number type. Real numbers are defined as the union of rational and irrational numbers.

Uploaded by

Pranav Skanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
32 views

Number System

The document discusses different types of numbers including natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, rational numbers, and irrational numbers. It provides examples and properties of each number type. Real numbers are defined as the union of rational and irrational numbers.

Uploaded by

Pranav Skanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 15

INTRODUCTION TO NUMBER SYSTEM

The collection of numbers is called the number system. These numbers are of different types such as natural numbers,
whole numbers, integers, rational numbers and irrational numbers. Let us see the table below to understand with the
examples.
NATURAL NUMBERS
All the numbers starting from 1 till infinity are natural numbers, such as
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,…….infinity. These numbers lie on the right side of the number line and
are positive.

Properties of Natural Numbers


Natural numbers properties are segregated into four main properties which
include:
Closure property
Commutative property
Associative property
Distributive property
WHOLE NUMBERS
The whole numbers are the part of the number system in which it includes all the positive integers from 0 to infinity.
These numbers exist in the number line. Hence, they are all real numbers. We can say, all the whole numbers are real
numbers, but not all the real numbers are whole numbers.

Properties OF WHOLE NUMBERS :


Closure
Commutative
Additive
Multiplicative
Associative
Distributive
INTEGERS
An integer is a number with no decimal or fractional part, from the set of negative and positive numbers,
including zero. Examples of integers are: -5, 0, 1, 5, 8, 97, and 3,043.
A set of integers, which is represented as Z, includes:
Positive Integers: An integer is positive if it is greater than zero. Example: 1, 2, 3 . . .
Negative Integers: An integer is negative if it is less than zero. Example: -1, -2, -3 . . .
Zero is defined as neither negative nor positive integer. It is a whole number.
RULES OF INTEGERS
Rules defined for integers are:
1. Sum of two positive integers is an integer.
2. Sum of two negative integers is an integer.
3. Product of two positive integers is an integer.
4. Product of two negative integers is an integer.
5.Addition operation between any integer and its negative value will give the result as zero
6. Multiplication operation between any integer and its reciprocal will give the result as one.
PROPERTIES OF INTEGERS
The major Properties of Integers are:
Closure Property
Associative Property
Commutative Property
Distributive Property
Additive Inverse Property
Multiplicative Inverse Property
Identity Property
RATIONAL NUMBERS
A rational number, in Mathematics, can be defined as any number which can be represented in the form of p/q
where q ≠ 0. Also, we can say that any fraction fits under the category of rational numbers, where the denominator
and numerator are integers and the denominator is not equal to zero. When the rational number (i.e., fraction) is
divided, the result will be in decimal form, which may be either terminating decimal or the repeating decimal.
TYPES OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
Positive and Negative Rational Numbers
As we know that the rational number is in the form of p/q, where p and q are integers. Also, q
should be a non-zero integer. The rational number can be either positive or negative. If the
rational number is positive, both p and q are positive integers. If the rational number takes the
form -(p/q), then either p or q takes the negative value. It means that
PROPERTIES OF RATIONAL NUMBERS
Since a rational number is a subset of the real number, the rational number will obey all the properties of the real
number system. Some of the important properties of the rational numbers are as follows:
1.The results are always a rational number if we multiply, add, or subtract any two rational numbers.
2.A rational number remains the same if we divide or multiply both the numerator and denominator with the same
factor.
3.If we add zero to a rational number then we will get the same number itself.
4.Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, and multiplication.
IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
An irrational number is a real number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of integers, for
example, √ 2 is an irrational number. Again, the decimal expansion of an irrational
number is neither terminating nor recurring.
PROPERTIES OF IRRATIONAL NUMBERS
Since irrational numbers are the subsets of the real numbers, irrational numbers will obey all the properties of the real
number system. The following are the properties of irrational numbers:
1.The addition of an irrational number and a rational number gives an irrational number. For example, let us assume that
x is an irrational number, y is a rational number and the addition of both the numbers x +y gives a rational number z.
2.Multiplication of any irrational number with any nonzero rational number results in an irrational number. Let us assume
that if xy=z is rational, then x =z/y is rational, contradicting the assumption that x is irrational. Thus, the product xy must be
irrational.
3.The least common multiple (LCM) of any two irrational numbers may or may not exist.
4.The addition or the multiplication of two irrational numbers may be rational; for example, √2. √2 = 2. Here, √2 is an
irrational number. If it is multiplied twice, then the final product obtained is a rational number. (i.e) 2.
5.The set of irrational numbers is not closed under the multiplication process, unlike the set of rational numbers.
REAL NUMBERS
Real numbers can be defined as the union of both the rational and irrational numbers.
They can be both positive or negative and are denoted by the symbol “R”. All the natural
numbers, decimals and fractions come under this category. See the figure, given below,
which shows the classification of real numerals.
SET OF REAL NUMBERS
CONCLUSION

You might also like