First Session (Algebra) (Second Sec)
First Session (Algebra) (Second Sec)
𝑏) 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 2 + 9
The relation is not function because there is at least one real value of the variable 𝑥
is with two different values of the variable 𝑦.
Identifying the domain of the real function
The domain of the function is identified by its rule of its graph, the following are some ways
of identifying the domain of the function if we knew its rule.
1) Polynomial function
The domain of the polynomial function is 𝑅 unless it is defined on a subset of it.
1) Rational function
ℎ 𝑥
If 𝑓 is a rational function where f 𝑥 = , ℎ and 𝑔 are two polynomials, then the
𝑔 𝑥
domain of the function 𝑓 = 𝑅 − the set of zeroes of the denominator.
2) State the domain of each of the rational functions defined by the
following rules
2𝑥+3
2𝑥 + 1 𝑥+3 c) 𝑓 𝑥 =
a) 𝑓 𝑥 = b) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥2− 3 𝑥 + 2
𝑥2 − 9
𝑥 − 2
𝑥2 −9=0 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 2 = 0
𝑥−2=0
2
𝑥 + 4𝑥 = 0 3𝑥 2 + 12𝑥 = 0 𝑥2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥 𝑥+4 =0 3𝑥 𝑥 2 + 4 = 0
𝑅
𝑥 = 0 𝑥 = −4 3𝑥 = 0 𝑥 2 = −4
𝑥=0 ∅
The domain = 𝑅 − 0 , −4
The domain = 𝑅 − 0
3)State the domain of each of the real functions which
are defined by the following rules:
3
1) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3 3) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥−5
𝑥≥0 𝑥−3≥0
𝑥≥3 𝑅
The domain = 0 , ∞
The domain = 3 , ∞
3 5) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 16
4) 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑥−3
𝑥 2 − 16 ≥ 0
𝑥−3>0
𝑥 2 − 16 = 0
𝑥>3
𝑥−4 𝑥+4 =0
3 ,∞ 𝑥=4 𝑥 = −4
The domain = 𝑅 − −4 , 4
6) 𝑓 𝑥 = 4 − 𝑥2
4 − 𝑥2 ≥ 0
−𝑥 2 + 4 = 0
𝑥2 − 4 = 0
𝑥−2 𝑥+2 =0
𝑥=2 𝑥 = −2
The domain = −2 , 2
4) If 𝑥 and 𝑦 are two real variables, then determine which of the following
relations represents a rule of a function in 𝑥:
c) 𝑥 − 𝑦 2 =5
𝑎) 𝑦 2 = 𝑥 + 4 b) 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 4
The curve of the odd function is symmetric about the origin point.
Remarks
If 𝑓 −𝑥 ≠ 𝑓 𝑥 , 𝑓 −𝑥 ≠ −𝑓 𝑥 , then the function 𝑓 is neither even nor odd
𝑓 −𝑥 4 2
= −𝑥 + −𝑥 −1
= 𝑥4 + 𝑥2 − 1 = 𝑓 𝑥 (Even function)
𝑏) 𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3 𝑥2
𝑐) 𝑓 𝑥 =
1+𝑥
𝑓 −𝑥 = 3 −𝑥 − 4 −𝑥 3 2 2
−𝑥 𝑥
𝑓 −𝑥 = =
1 + −𝑥 1−𝑥
= −3𝑥 + 4𝑥 3 = − 3𝑥 − 4𝑥 3
≠ 𝑓 𝑥 ≠ −𝑓 𝑥
= −𝑓 𝑥
𝑥+3≥0 2 3
𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑥 +1
𝑥 ≥ −3 = 𝑥2 + 1 3
=𝑓 𝑥
The domain = −3 , ∞
(Even function)
The function 𝑓 is
neither even nor odd.
f) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 + 6 g) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 cos 𝑥
𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑥 2 +6 𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑥 cos −𝑥
= 𝑥2 + 6 = −𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = −𝑓 𝑥
=𝑓 𝑥 (Odd function)
(Even function)
2) Determine which of the functions defined by the following rules is even,
[[
odd or otherwise
2
a) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
2
𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑥 + cos −𝑥
= 𝑥 2 + cos 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥
(Even Function)
𝑏) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 + sin 𝑥 𝑐)𝑓 𝑥 = 3 𝑥 4 tan 𝑥
4
𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑥 3
+ sin −𝑥 𝑓 −𝑥 = 3 −𝑥 tan −𝑥
3
= −𝑥 − sin 𝑥 = 3𝑥 4 × − tan 𝑥
4
3
= − 𝑥 + sin 𝑥 = −3𝑥 tan 𝑥
= −𝑓 𝑥 = −𝑓 𝑥
(Even Function)
𝑥 3 sin 3𝑥
2) 𝑓 𝑥 =
1 + 𝑥4
−𝑥 3 sin 3 −𝑥
𝑓 −𝑥 =
1 + −𝑥 4
3
3
−𝑥 × − sin 3𝑥 𝑥 sin 3𝑥
= = 4
=𝑓 𝑥
1 + 𝑥4 1+𝑥
(Even Function)
3
3) 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 sin 𝑥
3
𝑓 −𝑥 = −𝑥 sin −𝑥
= −𝑥 sin −𝑥 3
3
= 𝑥 sin 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥
(Even Function)