Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

Supplementary Learning Materials (SLMs)

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY,
ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS (STEM)

General Chemistry 1
First Semester, Quarter I

MODULE 2
Content Standard:

The learner demonstrates understanding of the following

a. relationship of percent composition and chemical formula
b. the use of chemical formulas to represent chemical reactions
c. the quantitative relationship of reactants and products in a chemical reaction

Performance Standard:

The learners shall be able to design using multimedia, demonstrations, or

model, a representation or simulation of any of the following:
a. atomic structure b. gas behavior c. mass relationships in reactions

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

 Calculate molecular formula given molar mass. (STEM_GC11PCIf-33)

 Write and balanced chemical equations. (STEM_GC11CRIf-g-37)
 Construct mole or mass ratios for a reaction in order to calculate the amount
of reactant needed or amount of product formed in terms of moles or mass.
(STEM_GC11MRIg-h-38)
 Calculate percent yield and theoretical yield of the reaction.
(STEM_GC11MRIg-h-39)
 Explain the concept of limiting reagent in a chemical reaction; identify the
excess reagent(s). (STEM_GC11MRIg-h-40)

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LESSON 1
STOICHIOMETRY:
PERCENT COMPOSITION AND CHEMICAL FORMULAS
Learning Targets
 Explain how molecular formula is calculated from percent composition by mass.
 Calculate molecular formula given molar mass.
 Infer the application of percent composition and mass of compounds in
considering processed food as a healthy snack.
Introduction
Empirical formula and molecular formula differs on how compounds are
represented by its relative amounts or number of atoms. While empirical formula is
known to represent compounds on its simplest ratio of atoms present in a compound,
molecular formula represents the actual whole number ratio between the elements
in the compound. To calculate the actual, molecular formula we must know the
approximate molar mass of the compound in addition to its empirical formula.
Gear Up!
Pre-assessment: Analogy Prompt
Directions: Complete the given analogy below regarding the topic.

“The concept being covered is like ______________ because________________________.”

ANALYZE AND EXPLORE

CALCULATE MOLECULAR FORMULA GIVEN MOLAR MASS

 To calculate the actual, molecular formula we must know the

approximate molar mass of the compound in addition to its empirical formula.

EXAMPLE:
A sample of a compound contains 1.52 g of nitrogen (N) and 3.47 g of oxygen (O).
The molar mass of this compound is between 90 g and 95 g. Determine the molecular
formula and the accurate molar mass of the compound.

Let n represent the number of moles of each element.

N = 0.108 ; O = 0.217 ,

 Convert to whole numbers by dividing the subscripts by the smaller subscript

(0.108). Round it off to whole numbers.

nN = 0.108 mol nO = 0.217

0.108 mol = 1 0.108 = 2.009 rounded to 2
NO2 as the empirical formula.

 determine the ratio between the molar mass and the empirical molar mass

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Molar mass is twice the empirical molar mass. This means that there are two NO2 units in
each molecule of the compound, and the molecular formula is (NO2)2 or N2O4 ; that is
2(46.01 g) or 92.02 g, which is between 90 g and 95 g.

Source:
Chang, R. and Goldsby, K. 2016. Chemistry. 12th Ed. New York. McGraw-Hill Education. pp. 88-91
(Modified 06/23/2020).

Proceed to the Activity Sheet on page 15.

Answer Activity #1. After answering, return to this page.

REFLECT
Chemistry in Everyday Life 
Choose 1 snack/food in your house.
Analyze and write your answer based on what are asked below.

1. Identify your chosen snack food and brand.

2. Get the amount in grams of one serving of the snack food.
3. Choose 1 element/compound in the nutritional facts and find its amount in mg
for one serving of the snack/food.
4. Obtain the % sodium by mass in one serving of snack food.

Processing Question:
Based on the amount of Na present in your snack, will still consider the food
healthy? Why?

POST-ASSESSMENT
“Separate what you do and don’t understand.”
I do understand that… I don’t understand and what to learn more
on..

Congratulations!
Proceed to the next lesson.
THANK YOU! 

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LESSON 2
WRITING AND BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
CALCULATIONS OF MOLES OR MASS RATIOS
Learning Targets
 Write balanced chemical equations.
 Construct mole or mass ratios for a reaction in order to calculate the amount of
reactant needed or amount of product formed in terms of moles or mass
 Infer the importance of a chemical compound on its label.
Introduction
Chemical reaction is a process wherein substances are changed into one or
more new substances. Chemists have devised a standard way to represent them
using chemical equations. A chemical equation uses chemical symbols to show what
happens during a chemical reaction.
Gear Up!
Pre-assessment

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the letter of the correct
answer before each number.
For items 1-2, refer to the given equation: 4Al + 3O2  2Al2O3
1. How many moles of Al are needed to form 2 moles of Al2O3?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
2. How many moles of O2 are needed to give 4 moles of Al2O3?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
3. What number should be written in front of Na to balance the equation
Na + MgCl2  NaCl + Mg?
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
4. Which equation conforms to the Law of Conservation of Mass?
A. 2 Al + BaO  Al2O3 + 3 Ba
B. CH4 + 2O2  CO2 + 2H2O
C. Cl2 + KBr  2KCl + Br2
D. 2Na + H2O  2NaOH + H2
5. Why can’t you change the formula in order to balance a chemical equation?
A. The number of atoms in the left should be equal to the atoms on the right of the
arrow.
B. The elements have definite composition and fixed proportion by mass.
C. The elements have definite mass ratios.
D. The molecule is indestructible.
ANALYZE AND EXPLORE
I. CHEMICAL REACTION & CHEMICAL EQUATION

 A process in which one or more substances is changed into one or more

new substances is a chemical reaction.
 A chemical equation uses chemical symbols to show what happens during
a chemical reaction.

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Figure 1: Water
molecules
Source: Chang, R. and
Goldsby, K. 2016.
Chemistry. 12th Ed. New
York. McGraw-Hill
Education. p 91.

HOW TO “READ” CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

2 atoms Mg + 1 molecule O2 yields 2 formula units MgO
2 moles Mg + 1 mole O2 yields 2 moles MgO
48.6 grams Mg + 32.0 grams O2 yields 80.6 g MgO

BALANCING CHEMICAL EQUATIONS

1. Write the formula for the reactant (left) and product (right) of the equation.

Nitrogen gas reacts to Hydrogen gas to produce Ammonia.

Convert the word equation into a chemical

equation

The subscript written in the chemical symbol of Nitrogen at the reactant side of the equation is
2 while the hydrogen is 2 as well. Both nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas are diatomic substance.
At the product side, the chemical formula of ammonia is NH 3

2. Start by balancing those elements that appear in only one reactant and one product.

In balancing, determine the number of atoms of each element in the reactant side and in the
product side. Balance the elements that appear in two or more reactants/products.
Reactant Side Element Product Side
2 N 1
2 H 3

3. The number of nitrogen atom in the reactant side is 2 while in the product side is 1 as
shown by their subscript. For the hydrogen atoms, there are 2 atoms at the reactant side and
3 atoms for the product side. To be able to balance the number of atoms at the reactant side
and product side, coefficient is added before the chemical symbol or the chemical formula as
indicated inside the parenthesis.
Reactant Side Element Product Side
2 N 1 (2) = 2
6= (3) 2 H 3 (2) = 6

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Another example:
Al + CuCl2  AlCl3 + Cu

Apply the Law of Conservation of Mass to get the same number of atoms of every element of
each side of the equation.

II. CALCULATIONS OF MOLES OR MASS RATIOS

A mole ratio is a ratio between the numbers of moles of any of the two
substances in a balanced chemical equation.

Example: 2 Na + Cl2 → 2 NaCl

A. moles of sodium to each of the other substances in the equation
2 mol Na and 2 mol Na
1 mol of Cl₂ 2 mol NaCl
B. moles of chlorine to each of the other substances in the equation
1 mol Cl2 and 1 mol Cl2
2 mol of Na 2 mol NaCl
C. moles of sodium chloride to each of the other substances in the equation
2 mol NaCl2 and 2 mol NaCl2
2 mol of Na 1 mol Cl2

The relationship between the amounts (measured in moles) of reactants and products
involved in a chemical reaction is known as the stoichiometry.

STOICHIOMETRIC CALCULATIONS

Mole to Mole Stoichiometry

- used to determine and convert the known number of moles of one substance to the
unknown number of moles of another substance in the given chemical reaction.

Example: 2C₄H10 + 13O2 ⇾ 8CO2 + 10H2O

Based from the given chemical reaction, how many moles of O2 are needed to burn 5.0
mol of butane in a canister to produce carbon dioxide and water?
Solution:
mole ratio: 13 mol O2 5.0 mol C₄H10 x 13 mol O2 = 32 mol O2
2 mol C₄H10 2 mol C₄H10

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Mole to Mass Stoichiometry

- used to determine and convert the known number of moles of one substance to the
unknown number of mass of another substance in the given chemical reaction.
Example: 2Na + 2H₂O ⇾ 2NaOH + H₂
Using the given chemical reaction, in an experiment a 0.200 mol of sodium reacts with an
excess of water producing hydrogen and sodium hydroxide. Find the mass of hydrogen
produced.

Solution:
mole ratio: 1 mol H2 0.200 mol Na x 1 mol H₂ = 0.100 mol H2
2 mol Na 2 mol Na
H₂
= 0.100 mol H₂ x 2.016 g H₂
= 0.202 g H2 produced
1 mol H₂

Mass to Mass Stoichiometry

- used to determine and convert the known number of mass of one substance to the
unknown number of mass of another substance in the given chemical reaction.
Example: NH4NO3 → N2O + 2H2O
From the given equation, determine the mass of H₂O produced from the
decomposition of 25.0 g of solid NH₄NO₃.
Given: ammonium nitrate’s mass = 25.0 g NH₄NO₃

Solution:
25.0 g NH₄NO₃ x 1mol NH₄NO₃ = 0.312 mol NH₄NO₃
80.04 g NH₄NO₃

mole ratio: 2 mol H2O

1 mol NH₄NO₃

0.312 mol NH₄NO₃x 2 mol H2O = 0.624 mol H₂O

1 mol NH₄NO₃

0.624 mol H₂O x 18.02 g H₂O = 11.2 g H2O produced

1 mol H₂

Proceed to the Activity Sheet on page 15.

Answer Activity #2-3. After answering, return to this page.

POST-ASSESSMENT
Aha! and Huh?
Write down 1 or 2 “ahas” (something you learned) and 1 or 2 “huhs” (things you still have
questions about).
__________________________________________________________________________

Congratulations!
Proceed to the next lesson.
THANK YOU! 

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LESSON 3
PERCENT YIELD, THEORETICAL YIELD,
LIMITING REAGENT AND EXCESS REAGENT
Learning Targets
 Define percent yield and theoretical yield.
 Calculate percent yield and theoretical yield of the reaction.
 Explain the concept of limiting reagent in a chemical reaction.
 Identify the excess reagent(s) based from the chemical reaction.
 Relate percent yield to the toxicity of drugs.
Introduction
The limiting reagent present at the start of a reaction determines the
theoretical yield. The amount of product would result if all the limiting reagent
reacted. The theoretical yield is the maximum obtainable yield using the balanced
equation. The actual yield is almost always less than the theoretical yield.
(Source: Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. 2016. Chemistry. 12th ed.)
Gear Up!
Pre-assessment
Let us make sandwiches!
Directions: Read and analyze the given statements below. Show the equation.

Some learners are going on a road trip to Puerto Galera and they are to bring some food to eat
along the way. Rovy was assigned to bring hamburger sandwiches in which she will use two
slices of bread and one hamburger patty for each sandwich. Show the equation if she has to
make 3 hamburger sandwiches?

Processing Questions:
a. How can you determine how much products will be produced from a specific amount of reactants?
b. How can you determine the amount of reactants needed to produce a specific amount of products?

ANALYZE AND EXPLORE

I. PERCENT YIELD AND THEORETICAL YIELD

The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be

produced from a given amount of reactant while the actual yield is the
amount of product produced when the chemical reaction is carried out in an experiment.
Percent Yield shows the relationship between actual yield and theoretical yield.

Example:
Excess potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) is added to a solution containing 0.500 g of silver nitrate
(AgNO₃) forming solid silver chromate (Ag₂CrO₄). Determine its percent yield if the reaction
yields 0.439 g of Ag₂CrO₄.

Steps:
1. Analyze the problem
Write the balanced equation and calculate the percent yield from the actual yield and
theoretical yield. Identify the given and what is asked.
2 AgNO₃ (aq) + K₂CrO₄ (aq) ⇾ Ag₂CrO₄ (s) + KNO₃(aq)
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Given: Find:
mass of silver nitrate= 0.250 g AgNO₃ theoretical yield=? Ag₂CrO₄
actual yield= 0.247 g Ag₂CrO₄ percent yield=? % Ag₂CrO₄

2. Solve for the Unknown

0.500 g AgNO₃ x 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 AgNO₃ = 2.94 x 10−3 mol AgNO₃
169.9 AgNO₃
2.94 x 10−3 mol AgNO₃ x 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 Ag₂CrO₄ = 1.47 x 10−3 mol Ag₂CrO₄
2 𝑚𝑜𝑙 AgNO₃
1.47 x 10−3 mol Ag₂CrO₄ x 331.7 𝑔 Ag₂CrO₄ = 0.488 g Ag₂CrO₄
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 Ag₂CrO₄
0.439 𝑔 Ag₂CrO₄ x 100 = 90 % Ag₂CrO₄
0.488 Ag₂CrO₄

Other examples:
1. Titanium is a strong, lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal that is used in rockets,
aircraft, jet engines, and bicycle frames. It is prepared by the reaction of titanium(IV)
chloride with molten magnesium between 950C and 1150C:
TiCl4(g) + 2Mg(l) Ti(s)+ 2MgCl2(l)

In a certain industrial operation 3.54 x 107 g of TiCl4 are reacted with 1.13 x 107 g of
Mg.
(a) Calculate the theoretical yield of Ti in grams.
(b) Calculate the percent yield if 7.91 x 106 g of Ti are actually obtained.

Strategy:
Because there are two reactants, this is likely to be a limiting reagent problem. The
reactant that produces fewer moles of product is the limiting reagent. How do we
convert from amount of reactant to amount of product? Perform this calculation for each
reactant, then compare the moles of product, Ti, formed.
Solution:
A.
moles of Ti = 3.54 x 107g TiCl4 x 1 mol TiCl4 x 1 mol Ti
189.7 g TiCl4 1 mol TiCl4
= 1.87 x 105 mol Ti

moles of Ti = 1.13 x 107g Mg x 1 mol Mg x 1 mol Ti

24.31g Mg 2 mol Mg
= 2.32 x 105 mol Ti

moles of Ti = 1.87 x 105g Ti x 47.88g Ti

1 mol Ti
= 8.95 x 106 g Ti
B.

= 7.91 x 106 g x 100% = 88.4%

8.95x106 g

Source: Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. 2016. Chemistry. 12th ed. pp. 103-105

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2. Calculate the percentage yield of magnesium oxide. Use the given equation.

2Mg (s) + O₂(g)⇾2MgO (s)

Known:
2.0 g of magnesium heated in excess oxygen
3.0 g of magnesium oxide

Solution:
Mole ratio of Mg:MgO = 2:2 =1:1
24g of Mg produces 40g of MgO.

2.0g Mg x 40g MgO = 3.33g MgO percent yield = 3.0 x 100%

24g Mg 3.33
= 90.1%

3. Solid silver chromate (Ag₂CrO₄) forms when excess potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) is added
to a solution containing 0.500 g of silver nitrate (AgNO₃). Determine the theoretical yield of
Ag₂CrO₄.Calculate the percent yield if the reaction yield 0.455 g of Ag₂CrO₄.

A. Analyze the problem

You know the mass of the reactant and the actual yield of the product. Write the balanced
chemical equation, and theoretical yield by converting grams of AgNO₃ to moles of AgNO₃,
moles of AgNO₃ to moles of Ag₂CrO₄, and moles of Ag₂CrO₄ to grams of Ag₂CrO₄. Calculate
the percent yield from the actual yield and theoretical yield.

Known Unknown
mass of silver nitrate= 0.500 g AgNO₃ theoretical yield=? Ag₂CrO₄
actual yield= 0.455 g Ag₂CrO₄ percent yield=? % Ag₂CrO₄

B. Solve for the Unknown

0.500 g ?g
2 AgNO₃ (aq) + K₂CrO₄ (aq) ⇾ Ag₂CrO₄ (s) + KNO₃(aq)

1 mol AgNO₃
0.500 g AgNO₃ x = 2.94 x 10−3 mol AgNO₃
169.9 AgNO₃

1 mol Ag₂CrO₄
2.94 x 10−3 mol AgNO₃ x = 1.47 x 10−3 mol Ag₂CrO₄
2 mol AgNO₃

331.7g Ag₂CrO₄
1.47 x 10−3 mol Ag₂CrO₄ x = 0.488 g Ag₂CrO₄
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙 Ag₂CrO₄

0.455𝑔 Ag₂CrO₄
x 100= 93.2 % Ag₂CrO₄
0.488 Ag₂CrO₄

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II. LIMITING AND EXCESS REAGENTS

Stoichiometry tackles about the quantities of materials used and produced in a chemical
reaction. Using its balanced equation, the amount of products from the specific amount of
reactants and the amount of reactants from the specific amount of products can be
determined. A simple interpretation of this is shown below on Figure 1.

Figure 1: The Concept of a Limiting Reactant in the Preparation of Brownies

Source:
Chemistry, LibreTexts. (2019). Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield. Retrived 06/06/2020
from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_British_Columbia/CHEM_100%3A_Foundat
ions_of_Chemistry/08%3A_Quantities_in_Chemical_Reactions/8.5%3A_Limiting_Reactant_a
nd_Theoretical_Yield

How does it work in chemistry?

Figure 2: The procedure for calculating the amounts of reactants or products in a

reaction using the mole method.
Source: Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. 2016. Chemistry. 12th ed. New York. McGraw-Hill
Education. p97.

Consider the equation below.

H2+Cl2(g)→2HCl(g)

This reaction presents a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. There is an equal amount of reactants
and products provided in the equation but if ever it will be different or will be present in any
amounts, one of the reactants (H2 or Cl2) will nearly always be entirely consumed. In this case
limiting the amount of product that may be generated.

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In a chemical reaction, the limiting reagent is the reactant used up first in a reaction.

When this reactant is used up in the reaction, no more product can be formed because
the maximum amount of product formed depends on the original amount of reactant
present.. Excess reagent are the reactants present in quantities greater than
necessary to react with the quantity of the limiting reagent. The lower computed value
is the limiting reagent while the high computed value is the excess reagent. The
coefficients of the compounds in the equation with the lowest quantity per coefficient
ratio will run out first in the reactants, indicating the limiting reagent.

Let us use the given analogy below.

For the coming cultural fair, the instructor asked the class to form 10 pairs of dancers. A pair
should consist 1 man and woman. There are 13 men and 10 women in the class. How many
pairs can be formed?

Equation:
13 men + 10 women 10 pairs of dancers

Answer:
The one that limits : 10 women
Excess: 3 men

Based on the required qualification to be considered as a pair of dancer, the number of

women limits the number of men that can join the dance competition in the cultural fair. It is
shown that there is an excess of men that can’t join the competition.
The sequence on mole method (Figure 2) is useful in identifying the limiting reagent and
excess reagent is a certain reaction. Consider the examples presented below.

Examples

1. Problem:
The given equation presents the given reactants – sulfur dioxide, oxygen gas, water
and the product sulfuric acid. Suppose 400g of SO2, 175g of O2, and 125g of H2O are mixed
with the reaction proceeding until one of the given reactants is used up. Which is the limiting
reactant? What mass of H2SO4 is produced, and what masses of the other reactants remain?

Equation: 2SO2 + O2 + 2H2O  2H2SO4

Solution: Calculate by dividing each mass of the reactant to its corresponding molar mass
considering the:

Calculate the reaction of each reactant to the product:

SO2 =

O2 =

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H2O =

Answer:
SO2 is the limiting reactant because it produces the smallest amount of product (6.24 mol
H2SO4). Oxygen and water are present in excess.

After reaction, the original amount of each reactant that remains minus the amount reacted:

What mass of H2SO4 is produced, and what masses of the other reactants remain?

The masses of reactants and products after the reaction are as follows:
mass of H2SO4 produced = (6.24 mol) (98.07g/mol) = 612g
mass of O2 remaining = (2.35mol) (32.00 g/mol) = 75g
mass of H2O remaining = (0.70mol) (18.02g/mol) = 13g
The total mass (612g+75g+13g = 700g) at the end is equal to the total mass (400g+175g+125g
= 700g) originally present. This corresponds to the law of conservation of mass.

2. Using mole as a given:

Problem:
5 moles of hydrogen gas and 6 moles of Nitrogen Monoxide react to form water and Nitrogen
gas. What is the limiting reagent? Excess reagent?
Solution:
STEP 1: Write the chemical equation.
H2 + NO  H2O + N2

STEP 2: Balance the chemical equation.

2H2 + 2NO  2H2O + N2

STEP 3: Solve the ratio of mole/s per coefficient of each reactants

STEP 4: Identify the limiting reagent.

H2 is limiting reagent

STEP 5: Identify the excess reagent.

NO is excess reagent

Proceed to the Activity Sheet on page 15.

Answer Activity #4. After answering, return to this page.

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Post Assessment
WORD SPLASH
Directions: Choose 3-4 words from the word splash below based on the topic of the lesson.
Write 2-3 sentences about its concept.

excess reagent
REFLECT
Provocative Question
Why a drug’s effectiveness must be balanced with its toxicity and side effects?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________
Congratulations!
Proceed to the Assesssment.
THANK YOU! 

REFERENCES:
 Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. (2007). Chemistry. 10th Ed. New York. McGraw-Hill
Education. pp 103-106
 Chang, R. & Goldsby, K. (2016). Chemistry. 12th Ed. New York. McGraw-Hill
Education. pp 85-105
 Chemistry, LibreTexts. (2019). Limiting Reactant and Theoretical Yield. Retrived
06/06/2020 from
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_British_Columbia/CHEM_100%3A_
Foundations_of_Chemistry/08%3A_Quantities_in_Chemical_Reactions/8.5%3A_Limit
ing_Reactant_and_Theoretical_Yield
 Commission on Higher Education. (2016). K-12 Teacher’s Guide in General
Chemistry 1. Philippines. pp.94-104.
 DepEd. (2020). General Chemistry 1. First Edition. Alternative Delivery Mode.
Philippines.
 Petrucci, Ralph H., et al. (2007). General Chemistry. 9th ed. New Jersey: Pearsin
Prentice. Hall. page 1
 Zumdahl, Steven S. and Susan A. Zumdahl. (2007). Chemistry. 7th ed. Boston, New
York Houghton Mifflin. pp 110-111

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Name of Learner: ___________________________________ Date: _________________

Grade and Section: ___________________________ Score: ________________
Parent’s Name and Signature: ___________________________

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
ACTIVITY SHEET: (Q1: Module 2)

Activity #1
Directions: Read and analyze the given problem. Solve the problem and box your final answer.
Nicotine is as an ingredient for the addictive nature of cigarettes. It contains 74.02% C,
8.710% H, and 17.27% N. If 40.57 g of nicotine contains 0.2500 mol nicotine, find its molecular
formula.

Activity#2
Directions: Analyze the given reactions. Write its balanced equation.
1. MgO2 + HCl(aq)  MgCl2 + H2O(l) + Cl(g)
2. Balance the equation representing the reaction between iron(III) oxide, Fe 2O3, and carbon
monoxide (CO) to yield iron (Fe) and carbon dioxide (CO 2).

Activity #3
Directions: Read and analyze the given problem. Show your solutions. Determine what
stoichiometric calculation is being asked.
Problem: Calculate the mass (in kg) of water produced from the combustion of 1.0 gallon (3.8 L)
of gasoline (C8H18). The density of gasoline is 0.79 g/mL.
Solution and Final Answer:
Stoichiometric calculation used: __________________

Activity#4
Directions: Read and analyze the given problem. Solve the problem and box your final answer.
1.From the given unbalanced equation below determine the theoretical yield of PbO if 210.1g of
PbS is heated. Compute the percent yield if 150.5g of PbO is obtained.
PbS ( s) + O₂ (g)⇾ PbO (s) + SO₂ (g)
Note: Balance the given equation.

2. Calcium phosphate (Ca3(PO4)2) and water were produced from the reaction of 90.0 g of
calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and 47.0 g of phosphoric acid (H3PO4). Identify the limiting reagent
and excess reagent in the given reaction.

Congratulations! You have completed this activity sheet.

THANK YOU! 

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Name of Learner: ___________________________________ Date: _________________

Grade and Section: ___________________________ Score: ________________
Parent’s Name and Signature: ___________________________

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1
ASSESSMENT: (Q1: Module 2)

Directions: Read analyze the given parts of the assessment. (25 points)

I. Multiple Choice: Choose the BEST answer. Write the letter of your answer on the
space provided before each number. (22 points)

______1. Which of the following changes would you consider to be a chemical change?
A. Candle wax solidifies when it is cooled. C. Ice melts.
B. Baking soda is combined with vinegar D. Paper turned into pieces
______2. All of the following are chemical reactions EXCEPT ___
A. burning of paper C. sodium hydroxide is added to nitric acid
B. KF and Ca(NO3)2 are mixed. D. freezing of potassium nitrate solution.
_____3. The correct coefficients for the equation KClO3 KCl + O2 are ____
A. 2, 2, 3 B. 3, 2, 2 C. 2, 3, 2 D. 2, 1, 3
_____4. Balancing a chemical equation involves ____
A. adjusting the subscripts C. adjusting the coefficients
B. adjusting both subscripts and coefficients D. adjusting the masses
_____5. What is the meaning of used in a chemical equation?
A. yields B. reacts with C. heat is applied D. gas
_____6. Which of the following statements best describes a mole ratio?
A. A ratio of the number of atoms involved in a chemical equation.
B. A ratio between the number of moles of any of two substances in a balanced chemical
equation.
C. A stoichiometric calculation used to describe the number of moles of the reactant in a
balanced chemical equation.
D. A known number of moles of reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation.
_____7. Consider the reaction of potassium (K) reacts with bromine (Br₂) to form potassium
bromide (KBr). What is the correct mole ratio for this reaction? 2K(s) + Br₂ l)⇾ KBr(s)
A. 2:1:1 B. 1:1:1 C. 2:2:1 D. 2:2:2
____8. Methane and sulfur react to produce carbon disulfide (CS₂), a liquid often used in the
production of cellophane. Calculate the moles of CS₂ produced when 3.00 mol S₈ is used.
A. 4.00 mol CS₂ B. 6.00 mol CS₂ C. 6.00 mol CS₂ D. 1.50 mol CS₂
_____9. How many moles of of CO₂ are produced when 8.0 mol of C₃H₈ are burned in excess of
oxygen in a gas grill?
A. 24 mol CO₂ B. 2.6 mol CO₂ C. 44 mol CO₂ D. 12.0 mol CO₂
_____10. What do chemists use to predict the amounts of the reactants used and products formed
in chemical reactions?
A. mole ratios C. Balanced chemical equation
B. stoichiometric calculations D. Molecular formula
_____11. Which stoichiometric calculations are used to convert the known
number of moles of one substance to the unknown number of
moles of another substance in the given chemical reaction?
A. mole to mass stoichiometry C. mass to mole stoichiometry
B. mole to mole stoichiometry D. mass to mass stoichiometry
_____12. What is the first step in solving stoichiometric problems?
A. Writing the mole ratios C. Simplifying the equation
B. Balancing the chemical equation D. Mole to mass conversion

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_____13. What is the mass of hydrogen produced when 0.202 mol sample of sodium reacts with
water to produce hydrogen and sodium hydroxide?
A. 2.016 g H₂ B. 0.404 g H₂ C. 0.814 g H₂ D. 0.200 g H₂
_____14. Sodium chloride is decomposed into the elements sodium and chlorine by means of
electrical energy. How much chlorine gas, in grams, is obtained if 2.50 mol of sodium chloride
was used?
A. 88.6 g Cl₂ B. 70.9 g Cl₂ C. 35.4 g Cl₂ D. 17.0 g Cl₂
_____15. What is a mole ratio?
A. A mole ratio is a ratio between the numbers of atoms of any of the two substances in a
balanced chemical equation.
B. A mole ratio is a ratio between the numbers of moles of any of the two substances in a
balanced chemical equation
C. A mole ratio is a ratio between the quantities of any of the two substances in terms of
mass in a balanced chemical equation.
D. A mole ratio is a ratio between the coefficients of two reactants in a balanced chemical
reaction.
_____16. What is theoretical yield?
A. The maximum amount of product than can be produced from a given amount of
reactant.
B. The amount of product produced when the chemical reaction is carried out in an
experiment.
C. The relationship between actual yield and theoretical yield.
D. The relationship between the product and the reactant.
_____17. What is actual yield?
A. The maximum amount of product than can be produced from a given amount of
reactant.
B. The amount of product produced when the chemical reaction is carried out in an
experiment.
C. The relationship between actual yield and theoretical yield.
D. The relationship between the product and the reactant.
_____18. Solid silver chromate (Ag₂CrO₄) forms when excess potassium chromate (K₂CrO₄) is
added to a solution containing 0.2500 g of silver nitrate ( AgNO₃).What is the mole of silver nitrate
(AgNO₃) used in the reaction?
A. 1.47 x10−3 mol AgNO₃ C. 2.44 mol AgNO₃
B. 7.35 x 10−4 mol AgNO₃ D. 0.500 mol AgNO₃
_____19. Determine the theoretical yield of Ag₂CrO₄ in the given chemical reaction in item
number 18.
A. 7.35 g Ag₂CrO₄ C. 2.44 g Ag₂CrO₄
B. 1.47 g Ag₂CrO₄ D. 0.500 g Ag₂CrO₄
_____20. In a reaction of magnesium and oxygen, a 3.0 g of magnesium oxide was obtained.
Calculate the percent yield if the theoretical yield is 3.2 g of magnesium oxide.
A. 93.8 % MgO B. 106 % MgO C. 9.6 % MgO D. 0.062 % MgO
_____21. Aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH)₃) is often present in antacids to neutralize stomach acid
(HCl). What is the balanced chemical equation for this reaction?
A. Al(OH)₃ (s) + 3HCl (aq)⇾ AlCl₃ (aq) + 3H₂O (l)
B. AlOH(s) + HCl (aq)⇾ AlCl₃ (aq) + H₂O (l)
C. Al(OH)₃ (s) + HCl (aq)⇾ AlCl₃ (aq) + 3H₂O (l)
D. 3AlOH + HCl (aq) ⇾AlCl₃ (aq) + 3H₂O (l)
_____22. What experimental information do you need in order to calculate both the theoretical
and the percent yield of any chemical reaction?
A. Actual yield and the quantity of the product/s.
B. The quantity of one reactant and the actual yield of the product.
C. The mass of the substance involved in the reaction.
D. The amount of products and reactants.

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II. Problem Solving: Analyze the given problem. Compute and show your solutions. Box
your final answer to the problem. (3 points)

Problem:
Based from the gathered data of a researcher during his laboratory, he found a compound
with a molar mass of 163.94 g/mol. The percent composition of the elements are as follows:
42.1% Na, 18.9% P and 39.0% O. Identify the empirical formula and molecular formula of the
compound?

PERFORMANCE TASK (40 points)

Schematic Diagram: Illustrate/show the solution using the given equation below and identify
the limiting and excess reagent.

PROBLEM #1: How many turon can Miko make considering the given equation below? What is
the limiting reagent and the excess reagents? A. Create an outline (illustration) or the steps in
determining limiting reagent and excess reagent using the ingredients as the given.
EQUATION:
1 wrapper + 2 slices of banana + 1 slice of langka + 1 teaspoon of sugar 1 turon
SITUATION:
Miko plans to sell turon in his neighborhood in Balite. His available ingredients are as
follows:
15 wrappers
25 slices of banana
10 slices of langka
12 teaspoons of sugar

PROBLEM #2: Upon heating, calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) decomposes to calcium oxide (CaO)
and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Determine the theoretical yield of CO₂ if 235.0 g of CaCO₃ is heated.
What is the percent yield of CO₂ if 97.5 g of CO₂ is collected?
Example outline/steps:
Step 1: Write the chemical equation.
Step 2: Balance the chemical equation.
Step 3: Convert the given masses of reactants to moles.
Step 4: Solve the ratio of mole/s per coefficient of each reactant.
Step 5: Identify the limiting reagent.
Step 6: Identify the excess reagent.

RUBRIC FOR SCORING

Criteria 1 2 3 4
Content and The output is The output somewhat The output indicates The output indicates
Scientific incorrect and lacks indicates an an understanding of an understanding of
Accuracy scientific accuracy. understanding of the the given but shows the given and shows
given but contains a some scientific errors. scientific accuracy.
lot of scientific errors.
Labels/ The labels are written The labels are The labels are The labels/words are
Words used improperly and didn’t correctly matched the correctly matched the properly written and
match the illustrations/sketches/ illustrations/sketches/ correctly matched the
illustrations/sketches/ step by step step by step illustrations/sketches/
step by step procedure but not procedure. The words step by step
procedure. The words written properly. The used are suitable for procedure. The words

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used are not suitable words used are the given but some used are suitable for
for the output. suitable for the given measurements and the given.
Incomplete labels. but most time required in the Measurements are
measurements and output are shown and stated.
time required in the incomplete.
output are
incomplete.
Originality The output didn’t The output somewhat The output shows The output shows
show originality and shows originality and originality and originality and
creativity of work creativity of work. somewhat creativity creativity of work.
of work.
Neatness and The output is sloppy The output is in The output is The output is well
Organization and unorganized. organized matter but organized and organized, neat and
doesn’t some up the presented neat but cohesive.
overall output and some parts are
concept. Some parts unclear.
are not neat and hard
to understand.
Conclusion The conclusion is not The conclusion is has The conclusion is The conclusion is
scientifically correct some missing brief, precisely correct brief, accurate and
and lacks the entire concept that would and sum up the entire sum up the entire
idea of the sum up the idea/s of concept/s of the concept/s of the
concept/s., accurate the problem. problem. problem.
and sum up the entire
concept/s of the
problem.

Congratulations! You have completed this module.

THANK YOU! 

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