Ex3 Probability Distributions

Chapter 6: Probability Distributions
EXERCISE: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS
1. If a set of measurements are normally distributed, what percentage of these differ

from the mean by
(a) more than half the standard deviation,

(b) less than three quarters of the standard deviation?
2. If x is the mean and s is the standard deviation of a set of measurements which are
normally distributed, what percentage of the measurements are
(a) within the range ( x  2 s)

(b) outside the range ( x  1.2s)
(c) greater than ( x  15
. s) ?
3. In the preceding problem find the constant a such that the percentage of the cases
(a) within the range ( x  as) is 75%

(b) less than ( x  as) is 22%.
4. The mean inside diameter of a sample of 200 washers produced by a machine is

5.02mm and the Std. deviation is 0.05mm. The purpose for which these washers are
intended allows a maximum tolerance in the diameter of 4.96 to 5.08mm, otherwise
the washers are considered defective. Determine the percentage of defective
washers produced by the machine, assuming the diameters are normally distributed.
5. The average monthly earnings of a group of 10,000 unskilled engineering workers

employed by firms in northeast China in 1997 was Y1000 and the standard deviation
was Y200. Assuming that the earnings were normally distributed, find how many
workers earned:
(a) less than Y1000

(b) more than Y600 but less than Y800
(c) more than Y1000 but less than Y1200
(d) above Y1200.
6. If a set of grades on a statistics examination are approximately normally distributed

with a mean of 74 and a standard deviation of 7.9 find:
(a) The lowest passing grade if the lowest 10% of the students are give Fs.
(b) The highest B if the top 5% of the students are given As.
1
7. The average life of a certain type of a small motor is 10 years, with a standard
deviation of 2 years. The manufacturer replaces free all motors that fail while under
guarantee. If he is willing to replace only 3% of the motors that fail, how long a
guarantee should he offer? Assume that the lives of the motors follow a normal
distribution.
8. Find the probability that in a family of 4 children there will be (a) at least 1 boy, (b)
1
at least 1 boy and 1 girl. Assume that the probability of a male birth is .
2
9. A basketball player hits on 75% of his shots from the free-throw line. What is the
probability that he makes exactly 2 of his next 4 free shots?
10. A pheasant hunter brings down 75% of the birds he shoots at. What is the probability
that at least 3 of the next 5 pheasants shot at will escape? If X represents the number
of pheasants that escape when 5 pheasants are shot at, find the probability
distribution of X.
11. A basketball player hits on 60% of his shots from the floor. What is the probability
that he makes less than one half of his next 100 shots?
12. A fair coin is tossed 400 times. Use the normal-curve approximation to find the
probability of obtaining:
(a) Between 185 and 210 heads inclusive

(b) Exactly 205 heads
(c) Less than 176 or more than 227 heads.
13. Ten percent of the tools produced in a certain manufacturing process turn out to be
defective. Find the probability that in a sample of 10 tools chosen at random, exactly
two will be defective by using:
(a) the binomial distribution,

(b) the Poisson approximation to the binomial.
14. Suppose that on the average 1 person in every 1000 is an alcoholic. Find the
probability that a random sample of 8000 people will yield fewer than 7 alcoholics.
15. Suppose that on the average 1 person in 1000 makes a numerical error in preparing
his income tax return. If 10,000 forms are selected at random and examined, find
the probability that 6, 7, or 8 of the forms will be in error.
2
16. A secretary makes 2 errors per page on the average. What is the probability that she
makes
(a) 4 or more errors on the next page,

(b) no error?
17. The probability that a person dies from a certain respiratory infection is 0.002. Find
the probability that fewer than 5 of the next 2000 so infected will die.

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Chapter 6: Probability Distributions

EXERCISE: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS

1. If a set of measurements are normally distributed, what percentage of these differ

(a) more than half the standard deviation,

(a) within the range ( x  2 s)

(a) within the range ( x  as) is 75%

4. The mean inside diameter of a sample of 200 washers produced by a machine is

5. The average monthly earnings of a group of 10,000 unskilled engineering workers

(a) less than Y1000

6. If a set of grades on a statistics examination are approximately normally distributed

(a) Between 185 and 210 heads inclusive

(a) the binomial distribution,

(a) 4 or more errors on the next page,

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