Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 50 views

    Caveats: Acid Base Disorder Paco2 PH Primary Change Compensatory Change Etiology

    Uploaded by

    Pau Soriano
    The document discusses acid-base disorders including normal values and how the primary organs - lungs and kidneys - regulate pH levels. The lungs regulate pCO2 to cause respiratory acidosis or alkalosis, while the kidneys regulate HCO3 levels to cause metabolic disorders. Compensation occurs when the pH remains normal but pCO2 and HCO3 levels are abnormal, helping balance the primary disorder.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Caveats: Acid Base Disorder Paco2 PH Primary Change Compensatory Change Etiology

    Uploaded by

    Pau Soriano
    50 views6 pages
    The document discusses acid-base disorders including normal values and how the primary organs - lungs and kidneys - regulate pH levels. The lungs regulate pCO2 to cause respiratory acidosis or alkalosis, while the kidneys regulate HCO3 levels to cause metabolic disorders. Compensation occurs when the pH remains normal but pCO2 and HCO3 levels are abnormal, helping balance the primary disorder.

    Original Title

    seminarrr

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses acid-base disorders including normal values and how the primary organs - lungs and kidneys - regulate pH levels. The lungs regulate pCO2 to cause respiratory acidosis or alkalosis, while the kidneys regulate HCO3 levels to cause metabolic disorders. Compensation occurs when the pH remains normal but pCO2 and HCO3 levels are abnormal, helping balance the primary disorder.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    50 views6 pages

    Caveats: Acid Base Disorder Paco2 PH Primary Change Compensatory Change Etiology

    Uploaded by

    Pau Soriano
    The document discusses acid-base disorders including normal values and how the primary organs - lungs and kidneys - regulate pH levels. The lungs regulate pCO2 to cause respiratory acidosis or alkalosis, while the kidneys regulate HCO3 levels to cause metabolic disorders. Compensation occurs when the pH remains normal but pCO2 and HCO3 levels are abnormal, helping balance the primary disorder.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Normal values:

    pH = 7.35-7.45
    PCO2 = 35-45
    HCO2 = 22-26
    Anion gap < 16

    Acid Base Primary Compensatory


    PaCO2 pH Etiology
    Disorder Change Change
    Hypoventilation
    Respiratory Increased
    Increased Decreased Increased HCO3 Airway
    Acidosis CO2
    obstruction
    Respiratory Decreased Anxiety
    DecreasedIncreased Decreased HCO3
    Alkalosis CO2 PE
    Lactic acidosis
    Metabolic Decreased
    DecreasedDecreased Decreased CO3 DKA
    Acidosis HCO3
    Poisons
    Vomiting (pyloric
    Metabolic Increased
    Increased Increased Increased CO2 stenosis)
    Alkalosis HCO3
    Diuretic therapy

    Primary Disorder Expected Changes


    Metabolic Acidosis PCO2 = 1.5 x HCO3 + (8 +/- 2)
    Metabolic Alkalosis PCO2 = 0.7 x HCO3 + (21 +/- 2)
    Acute Respiratory Acidosis Change in pH = 0.008 x (PCO2 - 40)
    Chronic Respiratory Acidosis Change in pH = 0.003 x (PCO2 - 40)
    Change in pH = 0.008 X (40 -
    Acute Respiratory Alkalosis
    PCO2)
    Chronic Respiratory AlkalosisChange in pH = 0.017 x (40 - PCO2)

    Caveats
    Metabolic acid base problem exists if

     pH is abnormal and pH and PCO2 change in same direction (both up or


    down)
     Respiratory compensation is intact if PCO2 resembles last 2 digits of pH

    Respiratory acid base problem exisits if:

     PCO2 is abnormal
     pH and PCO2 change in opposite directions

    Mixed acid base problem exists if:


     PCO2 is abnormal and pH has not changed as expected or normal
     pH is abnormal and PCO2 has not changed as expected or is normal

    pH 7.46, CO2 32mmHg, HCO3- 23mEq/L


    Respiratory alkalosis, Uncompensated

    Feedback:
    if HCO3- caused the acidosis or the alkalosis, it is METABOLIC
    if CO2 caused the acidosis or alkalosis, it is RESPIRATORY
    if CO2 and HCO3- caused the imbalanced, it is COMBINED

    To determine compensation:

    Uncompensated= abnormal pH and change in one blood parameter

    Partially compensated= all 3 values of pH, HCO3-, CO2 are abnormal

    Fully compensated= pH is normal, both HCO3- and CO2 are abnormal

    Corrected= all parameters are normal

    Normal ranges:

    pH is 7.35-7.45
    HCO3- is 22-26
    CO2 is 35-45

    pH 7.30, CO2 46 mmHg, HCO3 16 mEq/L


    Combined, Partially compensated

    If the CO2 caused the acidosis or alkalosis, it is what?


    Respiratory
    What is the normal range of bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) in arterial blood?
    22-26

    Ben has anxiety attack. His ABGs results show he is in respiratory alkalosis. He has
    just had a car accident. What is your next nursing intervention?
    Have him breathe into paper bag

    What is the normal range of carbon dioxide (CO2) in arterial blood?


    35-45

    pH 7.31, CO2 50mmHg, HCO3- 22mEq/L


    Respiratory acidosis, Uncompensated

    If HCO3- caused the acidosis or the alkalosis, it is what?


    Metabolic

    What is the normal range of pH in the body?


    7.35-7.45

    If the CO2 and the HCO3- caused the imbalance, it is what?


    Combined

    pH 7.47, CO2 48 mmHg, HCO3 30 mEq/L


    Metabolic alkalosis, partially compensated

    When all 3 values--- pH, HCO3-, CO2 are abnormal. It is


    Partially compensated

    pH 7.30, CO2 46 mmHg, HCO3 16 mEq/L


    Combined, partially compensated

    pH 7.31, CO2 44 mmHg, HCO3 20 mEq/L


    Metabolic acidosis, Uncompensated
    When there is an abnormal pH and change in one blood parameter. It is
    Uncompensated

    When pH is normal, both HCO3 and CO2 are abnormal. It is


    Fully compensated

    When all parameters of pH, HCO3-, and CO2 are normal. It is


    Corrected
    ORGAN REGULATES DISTURBANC CAUSES COMPENSATION
    E

    LUNGS pCO2 ↑ acidosis HYPOVENTALATION ↑ HCO3


    (Respiratory) (acid) (↑ CO2 in blood) (metabolic
    alkalosis)

    ↓ alkalosis HYPERVENTALATION ↓ HCO3


    (increased breathing) (metabolic
    acidosis)

    KIDNEYS HCO3 ↑ alkalosis BICARBONATE ↑ pCO2


    (Metabolic) (alkaline) REABSORPTION (respiratory
    (back to blood) acidosis)

    ↓ acidosis BICARBONATE ↓ pCO2


    EXCRETION (respiratory
    (urine) alkalosis)
    (excrete alkaline ex
    diarrhea remaining is
    acid)

    pH pCO2 HCO3

    Compensated NORMAL Abnormal Abnormal

    Partially compensated Abnormal Abnormal Abnormal

    Uncompensated Abnormal Either pCO2 or HCO3 is Abnormal


    One is normal & other is Abnormal

    You might also like