Data Analysis: Case Processing Summary

Data Analysis
Gender is a categorical measurement variables
GPA (previous grade point average) are continuous variables
H0 =1: if male and female have the same GPA
H1≠ 1: if female and male have the same GPA
Test Assumption
The below output indicates the results obtained in a homogeneity of variance t-test. It indicates
that there is minimum likelihood of 0.16 at 25% significance level.
Case Processing Summary
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
gender * gpa 105 100.0% 0 0.0% 105 100.0%
Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
gpa .091 105 .033 .956 105 .001

quiz1 .170 105 .000 .881 105 .000
*
final .064 105 .200 .978 105 .079
total .087 105 .047 .950 105 .001
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Normality assumption according to Shapiro-Wilk test indicate that GPA, Quiz 1, Total had p-
value less than 0.05. It indicate that we reject null hypothesis that there is normal distribution in
the data population. Final sample population has p- value of 0.79 which is greater than 0.05, thus
indicate that we accept null hypothesis that there is a normal distribution in the sample data.
Chi-Square Tests
Asymp.
Sig. (2-
Value df sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 78.390a 75 .372
Likelihood Ratio 103.668 75 .016
Linear-by-Linear Association 3.903 1 .048
N of Valid Cases 105
a. 151 cells (99.3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum
expected count is .39.
Symmetric Measures
Asymp. Std. Approx. Approx.

Value Errora Tb Sig.
Nominal by Nominal Phi .864 .372
Cramer's .864 .372
V
Interval by Interval Pearson's -.194 .094 -2.004 .048c
R
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman -.186 .095 -1.924 .057c

Correlation
N of Valid Cases 105

a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Based on normal approximation.
Levene test
Descriptives
Gpa
N Mean Std. Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Minimum Maximum
Deviation Mean
Lower Upper Bound
Bound
1 5 2.9660 .69259 .30974 2.1060 3.8260 2.32 3.84

2 20 2.5570 .83809 .18740 2.1648 2.9492 1.18 3.90
3 24 2.6983 .79295 .16186 2.3635 3.0332 1.14 4.00
4 45 2.8729 .77866 .11608 2.6390 3.1068 1.24 3.95
5 11 2.8882 .49244 .14848 2.5574 3.2190 2.21 3.58
Total 105 2.7789 .76380 .07454 2.6310 2.9267 1.14 4.00
Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Gpa
Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.
1.028 4 100 .397
ANOVA
Gpa
Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
Between Groups 1.845 4 .461 .784 .538

Within Groups 58.828 100 .588
Total 60.673 104
The Levene test have a significance value of 0.397. The value is less than 0.5, thus we
can say that the test is significant hence there is no assumption of equal variance.
Results and Interpretations
Group Statistics
gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
1 64 2.8967 .74622 .09328

gpa
2 41 2.5949 .76346 .11923
1 – Indicate female
2- Stand for male
The mean of female are 2.8967 and the mean of male is 2.5949. According to the results
the standard deviation of the male sample are 0.76346 while female had 0.74622.
Equal variances assumed results indicate that the significance value is more >0.5 (0.566).
We have the t-value is 2.004 under the degree freedom of 103 and under the 2-tailed test is 0.48
which is below 0.5.
0.48 indicate that we have to reject the null hypothesis that there is no difference between
the means. The difference in GPA between male and female are statistical significant.
Statistical conclusion
Under our study, the results indicate that there is a significant difference between the
male and female GPA. There is difference between how male and female student perform. The
t-test had a drawback in that it only had a little amount of data to work with. There were three
distinct categories of data in the set of information that I examined. To get a better idea of the
population, use samples with a higher number of values in them. The information pertains to the
student and only a small sample was used. The t test's drawbacks include the fact that the
variance in the two populations is the same.
Application
Researchers can make inferences about a wider group using inferential statistics. In
addition to t tests, these statistical studies include analysis of variance (ANOVA), which is
technically equal to a t test. We can apply this test in analysis of the distribution of the
population affected diseases in the community.

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Data Analysis

Gender is a categorical measurement variables

GPA (previous grade point average) are continuous variables

H0 =1: if male and female have the same GPA

H1≠ 1: if female and male have the same GPA

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

gender * gpa 105 100.0% 0 0.0% 105 100.0%

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

gpa .091 105 .033 .956 105 .001

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

Likelihood Ratio 103.668 75 .016

Linear-by-Linear Association 3.903 1 .048

N of Valid Cases 105

Asymp. Std. Approx. Approx.

Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman -.186 .095 -1.924 .057c

N of Valid Cases 105

1 5 2.9660 .69259 .30974 2.1060 3.8260 2.32 3.84

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

1.028 4 100 .397

Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 1.845 4 .461 .784 .538

Results and Interpretations

gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

1 64 2.8967 .74622 .09328

2- Stand for male

which is below 0.5.

variance in the two populations is the same.

population affected diseases in the community.

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