Practical Research 2

Grade 12
“The Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and
Kinds of Quantitative Research”
Module 1 Lesson 1
9:00-10:00 Monday & Wednesday
Teacher’s Name: Marchie B. Alcosero
Contact Number: 0991-305-7963
Gmail: [email protected]
Facebook Account: March Chie

Name Strand
Email Cellphone Number

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“The Characteristics, Strengths, Weaknesses, and
Kinds of Quantitative Research”

INTEGRATION OF FAITH IN LEARNING

Matthew 7: 7 - 11 “Ask and it shall be given to you, seek and you shall find,
knock and it shall be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives, and he
who seeks finds, and to him who knocks, it shall be opened. Or what man is
there among you, when his son asks him for a loaf, will give him a stone? Or if
he shall ask for a fish, he will not give him a snake, will he? If you then, being
evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much shall your Father
who is in heaven, give what is good to those who ask Him.”

In Him, we can surely find the absolute answers. Be it our research problems, project problems
even personal problems or family problems. Just remember one thing and this could be the
formula like Mathematics-- kneel. “He’ll definitely never going to leave nor forsake us”, Hebrews
13:5. If it is His well, He’ll make it happen. Submission is the key!
Let’s have an activity. Check on worksheet 1.1.

What to Know!

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. recognized the types of quantitative research;
2. infer the characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of quantitative research; and
3. create a mnemonic device of the importance of Quantitative Research.

WHAT YOU KNOW

An inquiry and research are two terms are almost the same in meaning. Both of them involved
investigative work and any process that has the aim of augmenting knowledge, resolving doubt,
or solving a problem.
Before proceeding, answer the activity on worksheet 1.2.

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 Let’s Explore!

INQUIRY-BASED LEARNING
What is inquiry?
Inquiry is a learning process that motivates you to obtain knowledge or information about
people, things, places, or events. It requires you to collect data, meaning, facts, and information
about the object of your inquiry, and examine such data carefully.

THE NATURE OF RESEARCH

The research process is, for many of us, just the way we do things. We research the best buys
in cars and appliances, we research book reviews before shopping, your parents researched
the school that’s best for you, and of course we research online reviews first before buying
goods to Lazada even in Shopee.

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Your goal is conducting quantitative research study is to determine between one thing (an
independent variable) and another (a dependent or outcome variable) within a population.
Quantitative research deals in numbers, logic, and an objective stance.
Quantitative research is a type of research that involve collection and study of numerical data
meaning you would want to find answers to questions;

 how many
 how much
 what rank things are

Its main characteristics are:

1. The data is usually gathered using structured research instruments.
2. The results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the population.
3. The research study can be replicated or repeated, given its high reliability.
4. Researcher has a clearly defined research question t which objective answers are
sought.
5. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected.
6. Data are in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures,
or other non-textual forms.
7. Project can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or
investigate causal relationships.
8. Researcher use tools, such as questionnaires or computer software to collect numerical
data.

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Things to keep in mind when reporting the results of a study using Quantitative methods:

 Explain the data collected and their statistical treatment as well all relevant results in
relation to the research problem you are investigating. Interpretation of results is not
appropriate in this section.
 Report unanticipated events that occurred during your data collection. Explain how the
actual analysis differs from the planned analysis. Explain your handling of missing data
and why any missing data does not undermine the validity of your analysis.
 Explain the techniques you used to “clean” your data set.
 Choose a minimally sufficient statistical procedure; provide a rationale for its use
and a reference for it. Specify any computer programs used.
 Describe the assumptions for each procedure and the steps you took to ensure that
they were not violated.
 When using inferential statistics, provide the descriptive statistics, confidence
intervals, and sample sizes for each variable as well as the value of the test statistics.
 Avoid inferring causality, particularly in nonrandomized designs or without further
experimentation.
 Use tables to provide exact values; use figures to convey global effects. Keep
figures small in size; include graphic representations of confidence intervals whenever
possible.
 Always tell the reader what to look for in tables and figures.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

Quantitative data are pieces of information than can be counted and which are usually gathered
by surveys from large numbers of respondents randomly selected for inclusion. Quantitative
data is analyzed using statistical methods.

STRENGTHS: WEAKNESSES:
 Valid way of conducting results and  Could be time-consuming, costly, and
Most Reliable Design challenging for non-mathematician
 Relatively easy to analyze researchers
 Data can be very consistent, precise  Difficult to understand context of a
and reliable phenomenon
 Through hypothesis testing, it gives  Data may not be robust enough to
way to a new hypothesis or to explain complex issues
disapproving the hypothesis
 Properly designed researches give
objectives unbiased and real results

IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. More reliable and objective.

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 2. Can use statistics to generalize a finding.
3. Often reduces and restructures a complex problem to a limited number of variables.
4. Looks at relationships between variables and can establish cause and effect in highly
controlled circumstances.
5. Test theories or hypothesis.
6. Assume sample is representative of the population.
7. Subjectivity of researcher in methodology is recognized less.
8. Less detailed than qualitative data and may miss a desired response from the
participant.

What’s more!
Let’s check what you have learned for this lesson so far. Answer the activity on worksheet
1.3.

What Is It

Types of Quantitative Research Design

Quantitative Research Designs have five general classifications: descriptive,

correlational, ex post facto, quasi-experimental, and experimental.

Descriptive Research. When little is known about the research problem, then it is
appropriate to use descriptive research design. It is a design that is exploratory in
nature. The purpose of descriptive research is basically to answer questions such as
who, what, where, when, and how much. So, this design is best used when the main
objective of the study is just to observe and report a certain phenomenon as it is
happening.

Correlational Research. The main goal of this design is to determine if variable

increases or decreases as another variable increases or decreases. This design seeks
to establish an association between variables. It does not seek cause and effect
relationship like descriptive research; it measures variables as it occurs. It has two
major purposes: (a) to clarify the relationship between variables and (b) predict the
magnitude of the association.
However, the extent of the purpose of correlational research depends on the scope and
delimitation of the study.

Ex Post Facto. If the objective of the study is to measure a cause from a pre-existing
effects, then Ex Post Facto research design is more appropriate to use. In this design,
the researcher has no control over the variables in the research study. Thus, one

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cannot conclude that the changes measured happen during the actual conduct of the
study.

The last two types of quantitative research designs are identifiable for the existence of
treatment or intervention applied to the current research study. Intervention or treatment
pertains to controlling or manipulating the independent variable in an experiment. It is
assumed that the changes in dependent variables were caused by the independent
variable.

There are also two groups of subjects, participants, or respondents in quasi-

experimental and experimental research. The treatment group refers to the group
subjected to treatment or intervention. The group not subject to treatment or intervention
is called the control group.

Quasi-Experimental. The term means partly, partially, or almost – pronounced as

kwahz-eye. This research design aims to measure the causal relationship between
variables. The effect measured is considered to have occurred during the conduct of the
current study. The partiality of quasi-experimental design comes from assigning
subjects, participants, or respondents into their groups. The groups are known to be
already established before the study, such as age educational background and
nationality. Since the assignment of subjects, participants, or respondents are not
randomly assigned into an experimental or control groups, the conclusion of results is
limited.

Experimental Research. This research design is based on the scientific method

called experiment with a procedure of gathering data under a controlled or manipulated
environment. It is also known as true experimental design since it applies treatment and
manipulation more extensively compared to quasi-experimental design. Random
assignment of subjects or participants into treatment and control group is done
increasing the validity of the study. Experimental research, therefore, attempts to affect
a certain variable by directly manipulating the independent variable.

Assessment
Let’s see what you have learned in this lesson. Answer the activity on worksheet 1.4.

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