Ae8008 Unit-I Basics
Ae8008 Unit-I Basics
Ae8008 Unit-I Basics
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DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
G Ezhilmaran,
Asst. Professor/ Aeronautical
NIET, Coimbatore
Spring Element
•A spring is a type of mechanical link, which in most applications is
assumed to have negligible mass and damping.
• The most common type of spring is the helical-coil spring used in staplers,
and suspensions of freight trucks and other vehicles.
• In fact, any elastic or deformable body or member, such as a cable, bar,
beam, shaft or plate, can be considered as a spring.
• A spring is said to be linear if the elongation or reduction in length x is
related to the applied force F as
F = kx
• where k is a constant, known as the spring constant or spring stiffness or
spring rate. The spring constant k is always positive and denotes the force
(positive or negative) required to cause a unit deflection (elongation or
reduction in length) in the spring.
Department of Aeronautical Engineering, NIET.
• The work done (U) in deforming a spring is stored as strain or potential
energy in the spring, and it is given by
• If denotes the equivalent spring constant, then for the same static
deflection,
• Free vibration means that the mass is set into motion due to initial disturbance
with no externally applied force other than the spring force, damper force, or
gravitational force.
• To study the free-vibration response of the mass, we need to derive the
governing equation, known as the equation of motion.
• Figure shows a spring-mass system that represents the simplest possible
vibratory system. It is called a single-degree-of-freedom system, since one
coordinate (x) is sufficient to specify the position of the mass at any time.
• There is no external force applied to the mass; hence the motion resulting
from an initial disturbance will be free vibration.
Fig. Equivalent
Fig. Idealization of the spring-mass system
tall structure
• Apply Newton s second law of motion to the mass or rigid body shown by
the free body diagram. Newton s second law of motion can be stated as
follows: The rate of change of momentum of a mass is equal to the force
acting on it.
• where
• Or
• The above equation shows the equation of motion for single degrees of
freedom system.