Eqqq

Price
42 iltI ilmil fr50
DIIIIN
MINIATINES.
THE BEST WARGAI{I]'{G FIGqREA IN THE WORLDI

THE OLD AMERICAN WEST \p

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GUIIFIGHTERS
THE OLD WEST
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orders Undq S20ADD 10%{minihun 5OP)
OdeB Ov€r120 ADD 5%
Orde6 OverC50POSTFREE
COWBOYA
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WG7 Chuck wagon cook pouring from cotfee pot O.de.sOnd€r!50 ADD 25% (minimumal)
WGB Cowboy holding out coffee mug O.de.sOverS50 ADD 15%
WG9 Cook s assistant. Little Mary . carrying sack
OOTSIDEEUROPEt' WORLDWIDE
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WC? & 8 should be u*d as a paar Orde6 tlnder C50ADD 25% (minimumll)
Ode6 Over150 ADD 20%
Mule Tem. suitable for chuck aagon o. praine sch@ML to follou soon!
Ode.s Unde,910ADD 75% (di6inum t3)
O.de6 Overi10 ADD 50%
NEW AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
cavalryguidonb€arerstanding
ACWl32 Dismounred
ACW]33 Drummer boy shelljacket. running, fning .evolver in ai.
Our Did.lbutoE In the tollowlng
ACW134 Infantry ' frock.oat and blanket roll ' advancing,fixed bayonei
ACW135 Inlantry ' frockcoat and blankei roll standing firing O.S,A:
,ACW136 Kneeling, fning sharps rifle frockcoat and blanket roll wARGAMES,Inc
Bor 278,
ACW134 Roure40 East,
aEND 52.50 ror our ILLqaTRATED CATALOG{JE W.V.260590278
Triedelphia,
I|lCLqDINGT TEL: 304 54? 0000
25mm. aAlYlqRAt. ||II!JA, ORIEI'ITAL FA|IIASY,
ACW133 GRAI]D ALLIAIICE 6 AR/\Y OF LO'IIg XIV FRANCE:
ITAPOLEOII III EGYPT, OTTOIIAN TURKA, J-C. DIFFISION.
AtvtERICAft CrylL WAR, ALtltO 6 6, RueMeissonie.
WEATERTIGqTFIGHT RANGEAI ?50r7,
PARIS
AGE OF /VIARLBORoqGH0trc. GREAI NORTHER!!WAR) rELr 42 2750 09
IltDlAlt lttoTINY.

PRICEa! ALL 25mm FIGURES. 45p ..ch Ausrralia.

Essexminiatures.
. HoR8E8 - ?Op Clch
Hornsby,N.S.W.20??
ACW SNIT PACKE (30 infant.yor 12 cav6rry) 512.95 each rEL: 02 471 6696
ACW ARMY PACKa (6 ho.seteam,sun and limber + 2 exr'a guns.
12 crew,24 c6vslry,90 infantry,I loor and mountedgeneral+ 25 ho6es) 879.95 each
.BATTLEFIELD"
ALL OTHER ITEI{S AS LIATED IN CATALOGqE

KIE @E N.S,W,2194
'leL.
OZ782 423.

See B at th. Sh€ftt€ld "TRIPLES", Octog.n Thcatr., ah.ffleld, Saturday and Sunday thc l6ti an.l lTth a..ch

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 WANGAiIET Page
14 GrahamJones
Conten
Th€principlesofcome ratiotr

lllurilralerl 17 CharlesFxkart
( ot Eenin|thetufasteewithth. no76r!)
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by Gabnet Mykaj who wasirspired by Ma* Allen's wotk 26 ChrisPe€rs Nunda,traterof Men
depictedon the front coverof W16.Gabriel's work is also to be A tnal turonoftfu thetuilightol Enpne
seen on pages 40-11 where Prussiansstorm into Plancenoit 30 PaulCompton Crossing
theEbro
duingthe later stagesofthe Battleof Wate oo.Thisisasmall ASpuithCieilwusuuio
dionma using(naitly) 25nm. ForemostFigurcs, designedby 33 JohnSharples Homethoughbfrom Abroad
the late Peter Gildet, now available fron Sktrrcx Ltd. Since II: HedSetaws.
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Gabiel issotalentedwe'vetakenmorepicsofhiswork watch 34 RobertT€stro A spotofs{alywogging
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Larkin\. Morc ot hir wo* in luture issue\toa Themetolatma*,bh hoe
38 StephenEde-BoneltThe Bdtish Army in Egipt
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FARNCPATloNANDOEMONSTFATION GAMES
FIGUFEFAINTINGCOMPETITIONS .THETE!DINB
CLASSES ARE:
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WARGAMES UNII. A.F.V.OIORAMA.
2snhoRUxoEF. 30mmoRovER 60Trt&@=ZffiffiE-
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 I Oth Annlversar y Year

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 WARGAMESHOLIDAYCENTRE
1991 PROGRAMME
deoressedbv those long
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Al the WarqamesHolidayCentrewe haveover 35,000tigures- all 25mm- coveringlour ditferent
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Renaissance
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Preparatidns somakesureyou'reonthesideof
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inter€sringbatlleandalwayswell-balanced. pric€€120including3 nighlsholel€tc.* orwillthe Frenchavsngelhe deleatof

May lo$nAh Uay 17ttF19th Ury 3r3l-June2nd

OUDENARDE-Can youemulale UNKNOWN BATILESl- Basedona AUSTEnl|Tz-The batrlarhatshook
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June l{hnflh June21sl-23rd July 5th7th

PENINSULABBATTLES-2S€pafaIg UNKNoWN BATTLES ll-As abovebul BAUTZENrheallismustholdoutagainsl
conflicisilustlatng Wettingron's
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against rheFrenchinSpain. playedlo Napoleonicrules. skill.

SUMMERWEEKS
July 14th-20th July 2SrhAugu3t 3rd Augu.t /[h-101h
PENINSULARCAMPAIGN WEEK_ ITALIAN RENNAISSANCE CAMPAIGN _ GENEBALWEEK^/|rORIA_BatIIesIrcm
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MARLBURIAN CAMPAIGN WEEK-This GENEMLWEEK.4 /ATEBLOOBatues 1814 NAPOLEONICCAMPAIGN-Soms
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l1

OFCONCENTRATION
THEPRINCIPI.ES
WITHTHEMOSTESTD
(- oR GE1TINGTHERETHEFASTEST
by Grahatnlones
"Whenwu conkm\late s|ing badle,it is a genenl rule to colkcr
a youi sienerh and aTeavi rcne unemployed One baaalion 30Battalions
somelnes decidesthe issttcof thc day:'

In the last article on the l$chester Battle we wereleft with the

questionof what would happenif insteadof 35 meni.ntercepting
a convoy,one waslost en route tbroughan u ortunate accident
wifi a castoff oail fiom the Droverbialhone sboe.With 35 meo 25Banalions
we were able to show that the convoy is successfullycaptured,
with 5 men left to get it home. However, if we extend our
lnnchesteratralysisto look at wbat bappenswitb 34 meDwe Fig. 1. The result is a decisivewin for the larger side.
6nd lhat the convoyguardsnot ooiy emergeviclorious'bur do
so deosively witb between | | and 12 survivols Thus. for lhe 10 Battalions
sakeof one man. we loselhe battle, andlik€ the uniuckyking of
nu$ery rhyme w€ may lose the kingdom becauseof a nail.
This exabple does quite dramaticaly show $e tre€d lo
mnctntrateail availableiesources at the 6eldbattle.of couNe
the need has long b€ed rccognisedin military theory' being
gaphicaly expressed by NapoleonandFieldMarshalRommel
amons matrv olher masters, lnnchesler also looked at tle 20 Battalions
matre; both in his 1916book AL.rah b Wattare: me DawDof
theFourth An1 andjfdat\earlier Paperpublishedin the joumal
EDpineerits in 1914. This paper, of which lhe book is atr
eh;oration: wasacluaUyeolided
"The Principleof Conc€nlra-
.-_.,1,1
\u"' 15
Approx.
Battalions
"LanchesterBatde" *hich
tion" and applieslhe theoryof the sracl I
we looked'at last montb. It is to be rememb€redlhat
Lanchester'sanalysiswas basedon the Fobability of randon 25 Battalions
events,and thereforc is not really applicableto the gand battle
situation. But it sti[ gives a fair indication of the outcome
(lhoush nol necessarilyof the casuaityrale) providing no one Fig. 2. The smaler force defeats the laqer forc€ by first
makei silly uctical blunders.Chessplayershaveto Plantheir splitting it and def€ating in detail.
sam€exDecdng their oppoDenlwill alwaysplay the besttrlove
;vailabl; to him. .r lanctrester Battle is analogousto lhis which you now signiEcantly out-number. Lanchester would
situation. You are not allowedto rely like Davout at Auerstadt predict an easy victory, witb the loss of only adother 3 ot 4
on tactical geniusto coDpensatefor inferior numbeN, becaus€ battalions. A radical differenc€ from the 6rst siuation, and atr
in a LanchesterBattle both sidesare assumedalwaysto dalrc amDledemonsuation ol thepowerof conceotration, In thecas€
the b€st us€of th€ resourcesavailable. With this qualificatioo adve it onlv worksbecausawe bavealowed thesmalerforce
we can apply Lanchester's Square rule to make campaig! to conveme;dy split the opposition and take on eachin turn. A
decisions. more likely srtuationariseswhen one hasto sepamteone'sown
I-et's look at a pmctical examPle. Suppose you are a forc€ anduseone detachmentto hold offot pin oneenemyforce
commander with 25 battalions opPosedby 30 battalions of by skirmish and demonstratiotrwhile one's owtr larger lorce
equally effective enemy. lf w€ Predicl tbe result usitrg scoresa decisiveviclory over a secondenemyforce Pmbably
Lnnchesteis iheory, io a stnight fight (Fig.l ) you canexp€clto the most famousexample,sode might sayatt€mPtedexample,
lose, with the enemy still havhg about half hb stiength left is the Waterloo Campaign when Ney was detailed to hold
'avemge'or exp€ct€dresult
afterwards.Of cou$e thfuis just the wellington at Ouatre Bras oD June 16th, while Napol€on
andunder classicalprobability theory there is a smallchance(a defeatedBluch€r at Ligly, atrd when two dayslater Grcuchy
very small chance)you will win. but no generalworthy of tbe failed to pitr the Prussiaff at Wavre and thereby Prevent
oamewould acceptbattle on lhese lerms So. in lhis situatioo Blucher intervening in the battle betweon Wellington and
what canyou do?A clue is givenifwe look at the situationwhen Napoleon at Waterloo. Another classic and possibly better
asa commanderyou are ableto catchthe enemybeforehe hasa textbook exampletom th€ Napoleodc warsoccursat the twin
chanceto concentratehis Eoops. Say*hen sPlit into 2 corPs, batdes of Jena atrd Auelstadt, although here Davout with
one oi 20 battalions and one of 10 battalions (Fig.2). 26,000men not only held Brunswick's 63'000, but deleated
We now have two bades: them.
1. Your 25 battalions againsthis 20
2. Your suwivon againsthis 10 waterloo add Jena are r€al batdes used to illustlat€
In this case,againusing Lancbesteis SquareLaws, the Erst concentrationin rcal Me. In a wargaBe campaign,it would be
battle .esults in a victory for you, with about 15 €ffective extremely us€fuI to the wargamer to be able to apply
battalionsleft which cango oDto defeatthe s€condenemyforce Lanchestor'sSquareLaw when consideringcotrcentrationand
 li

the need to split one's own force, so againlet's use a Factical

exarnple and show how the rule caD help in a wargames
campaigD.Suppos€you are a naval commander.The pedod
SecondChanceGames
do€s not rcally matter, the pdnciple could equa y apply to Mall Order epeclallots in boatd wargamlng.
Greek Eiremesor WWI battle cmiseN. You haveuloshiDsand
in the sameareayou know tbere are 46enemywarshipsoi equai Speclalbis tn old and
effectiveness.How canyou hope to win? By now you know that out of prtnt gamec and magazlnes.
risking one greatbattle is suicide.Sincethe Dumberof utrits ar€ AvalonHin, Baddin€, Clashot Ams, Colurnta Garr'€s,
small,we may havea m6l6esituationwhich allowsus to predict G.AT., G.DW., Fnslo*d Crncepb, HobbgJapaa
the numberof survivors.If you chooseto fight you canexpectto On'€saGan'€s,OSG, PandrcrGam€s,Peod€sWarsam€s,
lose, leavhg the oppositionbruisedbut stil with about 22 ship6 Quartad€chSimulaiiorlsCanada SPl, T6Horce,
'nre
to sail the seaunopposed.So what can you do? Obviously the Gamar Vdory W€s En4 WW.W., Yaquinto.
need is to get tbe enemy to split his force. Commanderswill S&T b!.dpflor 124.m 3 ha|€3
have diff€rent ideason how this is to be done, but supposewe or 145.00 6 ls€|le.
detachsomeships,say'Y' in number, and hop€fully entice rhe Od'€r 9lb6 are a\Jaihbl€lor Wa4arnerand Com$n4
enemyto go in punuit with halJhis force. How manyshipsto we G€nadkr. F&lvl G€naal eb.
send? GDW Euopa hns - EIO & Euopa ll€v,Ein doclt
The situation will nol' be this; I aho buy ',ot[ unuant€dgarn€sand magain€s,s€ndtsis
Tbe detachedForce 'Y' ships Enemy23ship6 Ll.t of Prcdrci.
Maitr Force40- Y ships Enemyz ship8 !2455
You can calculateY using a quadratic equatiotr sincewhat ta.9s
!32't5 ! 495
you ar€ aimingat is to makethe sumof the squaresof your force f2036
greaterthan the sum of the squaresof the enemyforc€. That is !2095 l2a50
tt7.9tt
geater than 529+ 529 = 1058(529is 23 squared).If the maths t 9 5 8.$
! 495
worries you, just do it by trial and error, and you will find tha! t11.95
you must keepat least32shipswith your main force. Doing this ttz95 et.95
!21.50
would mean that if the worst came to the worst and your 817.95 !19,95
detachedmaskitrgforce wastotally destroy€dfor the costof just e4.95 | 7.95
two enemyyou would expectto have 22 shipsof youi 32 left to P.d & ft.lda & Pds€ r0S
d htgelAE + 54 ii an!{ br nv 12Ne abtas@
take on 21 survivolsof the enemy.This slim marginis sufficient
to expecta clear victory with five survivors. (Fig.3) Second Chance Games, 62 Earleton Roa4
We havenow coveredthe ideason concentrationof force that Wallasey, Mers€rrstde.TeL 051-63E 35i15
follow ftom the squarelaw, but there are pefiaps two funh€r
poidts to make. The first is that, far ftom being a random
example,the problemof the fleetssetout aboveis bas€don fact.
TTCJSTACI I
The numben arc thos€ that Nehon expectedto be engaged
beforeTrafalgar anditr a memorandumslill in exisr€nceNelson
describeshis plan of splitting his own aDdthe enemyfleet in the
matrnerset out. As it was, the actual numb€rsavailableto the
two fleets were slighdy different, and itrterestinglyNelsonwas o o o o
giviDg the Spanishand French ships the benefit of an equal oooo 3stiF
fighthg capacity,(ki[ rate in our system)asthos€of the Britisb
fleet. Somethingq/hicbwas generallyrecognisednot to be the
case,nol least by the haplessVilleneuve. Nonethelessit shows 8 detach€dshipsattempt to pin halJ of enemyfleet
the intuitive geniusof Nelson. As Lanch€sterwrote, Nelson,if
not actually acquaintedwilh the Squar€Law, must have had
someequivalentbasison which to figure his tacticalvalues.If he
had propos€dto detachone more ship he would have been in
tlouble. If he had proposedto detachone lessship Villeneuve
would be more likely to pursuewith a smaller force and ups€t
the calculations. Nelson intuitively detached the maximum
force he could afford to, while assumingthe €n€myfleet would
;ttl!iii;;
-o:oXooo
r25luF "o
sPlit in half. Io
The secondpoint to make is that Nelson was perhapsbeing
over-optimisticin assumiDg that Villeneuvewould split hisforce
exactly in haiJ. Without going inro the maths it is eay to show
that under the Square Law splitting a forc€ in haff gives the
worst possibl€total of fighting strength. Try a few examples
yourself.It may be somelhiogto rememberin a caopaign. c
especialy if tkeatened by an enemy demonstmtion designed ooo
no doubt to tempt you to do just that! oto o oo
loo o o oo

;i;:r{::;
We started with a quotation, so let's end with one:
"one shouldendeavout
to concentateone'sowL forces both h
spaceand time, \'hik at the sanu time seeking to split the
opposingforces and desro! them at difrercnt times."
(FieU Manhd Ronngl) oo
 t7

A
Question
of
Focus
by
CharlesEckart

Ext'l Miniatues25nn
Sa\sata Pe'sittspaintzdby
8..1.Eottis,whocelebruk:ten
yuts 6 olull-tine prcle$iontl
poi eria 1991.

Again and again th€ successof the 'Grcat Captabs' has beetr tion (massarmour supportedby mobile infantry atrd artillery)
their ability to us€ the military slstem and tecbDologyof their combinedwith control (radio) over this mass,lendiq flexibiliB
time to the maximum advaDtage.The connectionb€tweenthe to the concentration of mobility atrd purpos€ to its speed.In
retum of effeclive infa ry in lhe RenaissancePeriod is 1917-18the Germa$ had applied the same principles of
unmistakablylinted to th€ redisovery of the ClassicalWorld Blitzkrieg with more limited meatrsofcoDtrol atrdmobility (lack
by the people of this early mod€m period. The later phala ofportableradios andtracked rheeled transport)with rema*-
add€da n€w teclmology- gunpowder- andin time the pike and able success.
shot system,influencedby the Roman legions,wasadaptedby The Russianswould massseveralhundredgunsper kilometer
Mauric€ of NassauandGustavAdolph of Swedeninto a flexible for their 1943-45battles,but tbeir lack of flexibility limit€d their
oryadsation.iustasthe phalanx,alsousedby the early Romans, effectiveness,while Britishru.S. artillery achieved geater
develop€d into the more flexible manipular, then cohort, effect by mas.sing fir€ rather than gunstbrough superiorcontrol
legions. and more flexible oryadsation.
It was not a great advantagein weaponry which made the Weapons and equipmeDtare the tools of war in atry time
legion superior to the phalanx, but rather an oryanisationatrd pedod, but for the most part do not need to be dealt with itr
command structure which alowed intemal flexibility and gr€at detail in wargame rules except (perhaps) at the low€r
co-op€mtion which brought them success.Napoleon, it has tactical l€v€ls.Simple,wel thought out mechaDicsempbasising
b€en pointed out maDytimes, did not innovate. Column, line the FUNCTION of differcnt uits (ancients and medieval
and even mixed order formatiom bad all been used before. ligbt/beary infantry, chariob or kdghts; gunpowder era line
Europeanweaponrywasall basicallythe sameat the time. What and light troops, fi€ld atrd holse guDs; 20th century light,
Napoleondid do wasdevelopthe orgadsation and flexibility of medium, heaiy guns atrd vehicles) within major formations
his army for maximum co-operation wel alpad o{ his (division, corps, amies) aDdtheir ability to co-operateflexibly
opponents. and be contmled by thet major HQ's are ne€d€d for
Gennan talks of early WWI were no better and often more operationavgrandtactical games.
poorly armedand armouredthan the Alied and Russianta*s. Well thought out, yet mechanicallysimple,rulesgenedcto an
They were usually fasler, but speed $'ithout direction and age or pedod are a good startiDg point for someoDewbo is
co-operationis poindess.Their superioritylay in their organisa- interestedin the sfengths andweakness€s of a panicular army's
military systemduring a limited P€riod of time. The reasonth€ The above grvesa total of 30 Roman stards plus the ardy
timeperiodfor anyarmyis limitedis because all armies iJtbey commander and 42 tdbal standsPlus their army commalder.
hsr vary loDg.adaptto tbe changing demands Pul uPon them. Within each of the five legions(counting cav:lry as a legion)
The faster the demands change, the more frequently the army and (counting the bodyguardasa separateclan) frve clansup to
must adapt to new conditioDs.As an example.lhe anillery two stands may be combined into a unit thereby moving
dochine 6I lhe 1806PrussianArmv in their war rvith Austria toqelherononespolo[lhe dieasin DBA. Cavalryon bothsides
wasconsidenbly different to the artillery doctrine only 4 yea$ miy only moueiheir standsindependently. (e.g lhe Roman
lateritr tbeFranco-Cerman war. The change was in usage more rolls a 3 for hs fourcavalry staDds,only 3 slaDds maymove.A
than weaponry.Krupp breachloaderswere fairly plentiful, but Roman legion of two stands of velites/psiloi, two stands of
no lessineff€ctive than muzle-load€rs againstthe Austrians in hastati/blades,two of pdncipesDladesand one of triarii/blades
1866mainly becauseof poor artill€ry doctrine. By the same mavmoveall unitsona roll of4 aslonqaslheve[tes,bastatiatrd
token, Roman legions would undergo no major changesin pri;cipes standsare paired asuluts an-dthe triarii moveon their
structue or s)stem for decadesat a tim€ The demandsput own.) T.ibal cavalry movesas pan of its clan.
upon the Roman army were not changingasraPidly The U S. Crmmand is th€ balancing factor which makes the Roman
Armv in Vietnam underuent many changes h those eight y€ars Army the equal of the more numeroustribal army. The consul
due io a steadychange in the demands of the battlefields. and the tribal chief may perform one of three functions each
Simplerrule mechanicscan be usedto allow a player to tum. They may either be at aheadquartenfrom which they may
conceitrateon his skillsin battle ratberlhan his sLill at rules geta viewof the entiro army, they mayjoin aparticular legionor
juggling. when thesesimplerrule mechanicsare combhed with clan to try to improve its movedent ot they may join a leglon or
a good undentanding of a sPecificarmy's slstem the rules can clan andactuallyjoin an elementthuscausingthat legronor clan
b€ easilyadaptedto reflect that army's sfengths atrdweaknes- to have two commandstandsfor combat in that tum
ses.It catr also make possiblea mor€ acc1lrateand enjoyablo
repres€ntationof the commandof large forces.
As an example I would like to show how a rather genedc NOW FOR THE DETAIIf
ancl€nt rules s€t which has recently appeared can be used to From a headouartetsthe consulco-ordinateshis whole army by
show tbe sDecificstretrglhsand weaknesses o[ a Consular allowing each of his four legions to rec€ive 1D6 aprecefor
RomanAnny, basedon ihe maniPularlegion,versussame In a movementandhisfourcavairytoreceive1D6 Thechieftain,on
tribai army. The rules are De Belri Arargurlari. wRG s tesl the other hand. must roll 1D6 to seehow manyof his clansmay
Dlavancienlsrulescombinedwhb sode ideasadaPledfrom atr roll for movement.The tribe has5 clans,if he rolls a 3 th€tr he
'article
by Andy Gming€r way back in Issue #2 of Wargarres selecls3 clansand rolls lD6 for eachof then.
-lluusfratedtitl€d "It's Down to the Triarii". For thosewho want UDon ioinine a leqionthe consulis not eNuring tbe ful
to rcsearcha bit more than uniforms and numbersand gain an "o-oo"tuiionof* ot lis tesionsaDdmustroU lD6lo seehow
understandingof a specric military systeDat a certaintime in its many legionsnay mouejtrst as tbe chieftainmust when at
historytheresultscan bequiterewarding.lmighladdtharthisis headquane$. Upon joining a clan the chieftain must subtract1
'DBA' lo be fie besl ancienirules
rhe reasontha! I consider fiom his D6 roll for numberof clanswhich may movetlrat tum.
producedby WRG. A[ other €ditionsfad to adequatelyadir€ss The advantageto joining a legion or clan is that 2D6 may be
apeciEcmiliiarysystems sincelhey covertoo greata periodof rolled for movement with the best result being selected.The
time in too much enraneous delaillo be reallyadaptable lo lhe legionor claois beingproddedinlo actiooby the commander.
reoresentation of a paricuiar armys mlitary system.This. o[ Byjoining a legionor claDa temporarilyjoiniogoneotits
course,is my personalviewaDdis not itriendedlo grveoffence elements lhe commander enhanc€s the fightin8 ability by
to the many a[cient gameE who espouseother WRG ancient tumins that stand into atr additional codmand el€medt. The
editions and may be rather put off by the fast play rules. neeatiie sideis that the consulmustroll 1D6-1for the numberof
ln order to comFehend tbe following it will be nec€ssaryto hdons whichmaynove that tum and$e chieftainlD6-2 He
b€ familiar with DBA, asthis is addedon to reflect two opposing hasbecomeso mvolvedwith thal legio! or clanlhat he basno
military systemsand the basicrules have not b€en altered. time to seeto the other formationsof his almy. Additionaly, he
is ar personalnsk by joinitrSin the fighdng.lI his commaDd
elementis eliminatedor rouledroll lD6i I or 2 he escaP€s to a
FIRST THE ORGANISATION friendly stand within 5 iDches,3 he commits surcideto avoid
A Roman Consular Army consisted of two allied and two capture, 4 or 5 killed in battle, 6 he is captured.
Ronan Irgions, plus velites and cavalry. The cavalry is Any trme atrarmy commatrderjoins a legion or clan then that
r€presenledby three standsof allied cavairy and one stand of legionor clatrmustbe oneof thoseselectedto moveitr the tum if
Romancavalry.A legion(Romanand allied)consistsof two any are able to do so.
statrdsof Hastati, two of Principes,andoneofTriarii. The alied We haveplayedmanygamesnow usitrgtheserules,which ar€
leeions have on€ stand of velites each and the Roman legions intendedto focuson the particular strengthsand w€aknesses of
tio standseach. One stand in each of the four legions is a the Dre lm BC Roman consular army vs a tribal army. The
commatrdstand. The total cavalry force is treated as a legion, Romansare better organisedandmore flexible, while the tribal
but has no commatrdstand. There is one figur€, representing army is larger atrdcanstill pack a wallop with its warbads, Iight
the consul himself, commandingthe entirc army troops and cavalry.The difficulties arisein maling the bestus€
The tribe is rct so well organised. The tribe has a singe of what is availablethrough effective use of army command.
chieftain 6gure who functions asthe army commander,but his The Romanshavewon two-lhirds of the time, but all games
army is madeup of clans of various composition and numtten have beeoclose.Almy commandershaveto decidewherethey
Most of the samesI havetried usedthe followjng organisation: are most needed ftom tum to tum.
eledents and four For a little 'chrome'theto is abo a smallchancethat aDomen
a bodvsuard-of
-The two warbands atrdtwo cavalry
clans. fust clan bas two cavalry,four psiloi. and eiShl mav affectone or both sides.Nodally in DBA an army haslost
warba[ds; the secondclan has two cavalry, two psiloi and six wh;n it hashad one third of its standseliminated or routed off
warbanG; the third clan haseight warbandsand tfte iourth has table. On a bad omenthis is rcduc€dto one quaner of the army
six warbands.Each of the clanshas one commandstand. andon a sood omenit is increasedto one half. omens may also
 182 Western Road, Billericay' Eseex, cMr2 g.rD Telephone: 0277623697
For c.tlloous. Armv LlsE .|rd FREESAIPLE ffourr. !.nd 2 ld cb!. rlrmDt
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rdn rr.anr rdh. s.b {cro€c In2 s.nri. .nrrld hi. {. !terd., o.rr !rrr{ rf, 17&0fr50l $n5

nffiHffitus fiiffif ilil XIffiH*-"

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refu;m;ruu^.u #iicH#hHs"''iil E€m n$ Drow'idldi'.socdrdscdarnd
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a!.t l|!n wrryffi cont ct Erq Mini.tud aulir.lia Fly,9 Lo@ne Pl@, r|onEby2oz, N,s_w.l€l:4zt 6606

affect the roll for the number of tribal clans able to roll for
movemelrtin a tum or maycausethe Romanto roll eachtum to
seehow many l€gions may roll for movement even when the
consul is at his h€adquaners.If an omen occuls which affects
WARGAMES
SOUTH
24 CRICKETERS
CLOSE,OCKLEY
both sides, an eclipse for example, each side determinesfor DOBKING.SURREY.RHs 684. Tel: 030679 796
itselfwh€ther it is favourable,unfavoumbleor not kno\*n. Thus
both armi€smay gain the benefitsof a good omen, suJferthe ill New in Tzoorr!
effects of a bad omen, or be unaff€cted becausenobody can Russian\rvwll Infantrv
erDlain what it means. NaooleonicBritishLiohtDrirooons
Additional 'chrome' allo*s an amy commanderto addr$s Morerelealesin German&-AmericinLateWWll
his almy or a particular legion or clan before battle to try to SAE pleasefor full Y2ooth lists.
inspire them or negatethe effects of a bad omen. More lsmm & 25mm edievalFlaos& Banners!
Also toyed with have been ideaswhich distinguishdifferent New lsmm EgyptianMame-lukes!
tdbal peoplesfrom one another, suchas Celts from Germans,
while stil eiving the Romanstheir superior €dge in flexibility The SouthEasls only stockists of BanleHonours
and control. Other ideas being tried concem Grcek hoplite
Telephone for full details
armiesvs the Penian military system.
Again, I wish to emphasisethat the basic movement and
combat systemof DBA has NOT been alter€d. The rules are SHIPOFTHELINEPAIMINGSERVICE
simple, yet beautifuly show the different troop t'?€s without Napoleonicl:I200 ships painted,rigged.& based
t€dious details which arc so detrimental to army level games. Send SAE lor detailsto:
The trick is to focuson th€ SYSTEM of an army at a padcular John Laing,
time in its history without becoming boggeddown irt details 70 Harcourl Street.
which destroy the overall picture of the real strengths and Newark, Notts. NG24 IRF
weaknessesof a particular military system. Leave the vrell- or Telephone0636 701439
thought-out, yet simple rule systemintact.
Bringing out the differencesin command,organisationand become more imponant than what he has to use, without
the resulting ability to co-ordinate and co-qperateintemally distracting and, for large commands,irelevant detail. WRG
among contemponry armies can be both challenging and canbe applaudedfor providing us with sucha setof rules in De
rewarding. Rules which cover relatively long p€riods of time Bellis Antiquitatis.
cannot hope to focus adequatelyon the specificstrengthsand
weaknesses of a particular military systemduring a period of its
history, but a w€I thought out, simple set of rules catrform the
basis of such attempts. How a player uses what he has cqtr
l

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 2T

THE RIJLES OF THE GAME

Wc mw hrv€ .vrilrblc . tlMb6 of dlc .y.!.mr hchdnu rho llew NAPOLEOMC dd
ANCIENT sysllrDs ioln EMPIR.E CtEra y rvdlsblc from ltoc.t !.!:.

Tltlc Prlc! P/P IJK

BMPIRE Tho hclt i6rio! of l!. fuou Ntlol@ric .ydcm 24,95 2.75
ANCIENT EMPIRE Btud !.w ADD lhc US .nd mual ia desed 24.95 2.75
EMPIRE TACIICA B.rdfinry ltoduad ed vdt ryluc .ncra 8!s€r _ t2.95 |.25
TAcnCA VOL 2 A.lditiodl .rEi.r !d iddE.tio fq TACTICA _ ?.50 1.00
ON WATCII Vw2 nlq toD ISM tur, .ljoyruc .nd ..smtc 6.00 0.75
OVERWATCH r,ftd.rn wnfs! vdi@ ot lt Sovc 6.00 0.75
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rrd fo. lh! b@lidl*
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&t ib of lle BErdc Hotros 6g@ regcr, ISM lv[cro Ar@|I! sld |@y othd ol ttc votld! fi[csr warguring !rcducr!
u! ry.il.uc by $rdiog d SAE or phonirg.

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 French Panzers
by Anthony R. Tucker

One of the little examined facts conceming the Dow famous By the spring of 1941a number of Geman units had been
cerman Panzer forces of the Second world war, which is equippedwith tbe Char B ready for the invasionof Russia
almost certainly of interest to the wargamerand especialy the Cirmany sFastemeI ies.exceptFinlandwhichinitiaUyhad59
modeller, hasto be their extensiveuseof capturedFrenchtanks ta*s including Renaults, used the 35(t) and 38(t). Detail is
on both the Eastem and WestemFronts. Detarlsregardingthe scarcebut they were apparentlyusedto someeffect againstthe
enployment of French armoui in Russiais sketchy,but in the tishter Soviet tanks. The Char Bs were also used during the
West three whole German panzer battalions and elementsof invasionof the Balkans, where a numberof Frenchtanks were
two divisions used French tanks. to remain in a secutity role. Even so their mechanical
unreliability meant they werc eventuallywithdrawn to France

CAPTIJREDMATERIAL
After the surrenderof Franc€in June 1940,Princevon Uraeh, a SELT-PROPELLEDGUNS
pre,war executivewith Dairnler-Benz, was appointedGerman A large number of Fr€nch tanks which were of a questionable
overseerat Renault, one of the France'smain tank manufactur- value were converted into more useful self_propelledguns by
ers. Pressurewassoon put on Louis Renault to repair Renault adding anri-tant guns or howitze$ such as the l05mm or
tanksfor the GermanyArmy. Initially he agr€ed,until a senior 150nm. In 1943 French chassiswerc converted to tank_
colleaguepoiirted out "Start repaiing French tanks today and destroyingrolesby mounting37mm,47mmaod75mmPAXSon
they'll be expecting you to build German tanks tomorow." them.smallnumberswereproducedon HotchkissandF.c.M.
Most of his foremen and directors supported his refusal to chassis, the Mard€rI beingmountedon the Loraine chassis.
co-operate,threateningto resignif they were forced to work on Thesevehiclesw€re issuedto the Panzerjager(Tank Hunter)
Frenchtanks. Regardlessof GermaDthreatsof executionthey and Panzerartilleie battalions of the PanzerDivisions, whilst
continuedto rcfuseandthe Ge.mansbackeddown.Despitethis other vehicles were used as artillerie schlepper (artillery
setbackit did not preventthe wehrmacht from utilizing French tractors) and munitionsschlepper(ammunition caniers). Pan-
armour. Renaultcontinued to build transport for the Germans. zerartillerie cove$ equipmentnot usedin an anti-tank rcle, i.e.
The hero of the First World war - for his production of the Infanterie Geschutz(Infantry Guns), Stumhaubitze (assault
FT-17 tank - was at the eod of the war to be accusedand howitzers) and PaMerhaubitze (armoured howitzeN) as
murdered for his collaboration. opposedto Stumgeschutz (assaultguns) and Panzerjager.
The re-useof capturedequipment wasstandardpracticefor A significantproportion of German self-propclledgunswere
the Wehrmacht.When Germanyhad annexedCzechoslovakia mounted on foreign chassis.One of the best was the l50mm
in 1938they pressedinto servicethe CzechLT-38 redesignating SFH 13/1auf GW Irnaine Schlepper(t). This consistedof an
it the PzKpfw 38(t). About 280of them sawservicemainly with obsolete Krupp 1917 150nm converted to fit the French
the ?th and 8th PanzerDivisions during the invasionof France l-orraine carrier, which was a stable tracked munitions atrd
in May 1940and by 1941they accountedfor 25% of the total personnelcarrier, by Becker and Krefeld. The gun, altbough
Geman tank force. The Gemans kept it in production until being too heavyfor the chassisat 8,3 tonnes, was nonetheless
1942by which time 1,168had been made and the chassis effective.It wasfirst employedin 1942in Nonh AIrica andsaw
continued to be produced as self-propelled gun mounts. serviceon all ftonts until the end of the war. The 105dm Le FH
Likewisethe Skoda-produced LT-35,of which160weremade, 18 was aho fitted to the Lorraine Schlepper, some 24 *erc
redesignatedthe PzKpfw 35(t), sawservicewith the Germans. converted as the 105mm k FH 18 auf GW lrrraine
The 6th PanzerDivision used 105 of them during the Frcnch Schlepper(t), aswell as48on the HotchkissH-39chassis, 24on
campaign,but, unlike the 38(t), produ€tionwas not main- the F.C.M. chassisand a few Char Bs. All of them servediD
France,seeingactionduringthe Normandycampaign.
The bulk of Fmnce's armoured units fell almost intact into The Marder I was built on the chassisof tbe caDtured
German hands.Many French tanks were, from mid-f941, t ffarnecarrier.calledthe Panzerjager fur 75mmPal4Oi| (Sf)
modified and issuedfor usein Finland, Russiaand th€ Balkans lrlraine Schlepper(f), 184 were convefed by the firm of
for useagainstpartisans.The FrenchChar de Battaille Renault Becker in 1942-43.They also we.e d€ployed to France and
Bl Bis, armedwith an SA 47mmAT gun in the turret, a ?5mm likewisesawservicein th€ Normandybattlesin 1944.The other
gunfixed tow in the hull and2 machine-guns,of which some345 Panzerjagertlpes using foreign chassiswere relatively unim-
wereproducedin the factoriesof Renault,Schneider, F-C.M., portant and were producedin small numben comparcdto the
F.A.M.H. (St Charmond),and AMx, wereredesignated the entirely German models. The ex-FrenchRenault R-35 desi&
PzKpfw B-2 740(0, some were sent to a factory at Kasselin nated the 47mm Pak 36(t) auf Gw Renaulr R-35(0 and ihe
Germanywhere they were convertedinto flametfuow€rs- the HotchkissH-39 tankswerefitted with 47mmCzechgunsandthe
Flammwagon auf PzKpfw B-2(f). The Char de Cavalerie Pak40. Only about20of the Hotchkissmountingthe 75mmPak
SomuaS-35becamethe PzKpfw35-SZ9(q, the Char Leger zl0U46 wereconverted.Thesevehiclestoo were usedmainlv bv
Renault R-35 the PzKptu 35-R 731(0 and the Char Leger the occupyingforces in France.
Hotchkiss H-35/H-39 the PzKptu 38-H 735(f) of which over
1,000had beenproduced.The Germansalsotook into servic€
limited numbersof the Ff-17 and the four-wheeledA.M.D. PANZERERSATZ
Panhardtype 178 armoured car, redesignating it the Pz. The Germans deployed three Frenchtank battalionsin France,
Spahwagen P-204(f),thesewere used{or securityroles. the Panzer E*atz and Ausbildungs Abteilung 100, Panzer
 ll

Abteilung 206 and 213. The 21st PanzerDivision fielded

numerousHotchkiss,SomuaandLorraineAlrys, andthe 7th
SSPrinz Eugen Mountain Division was equippedwith Hotch-
kissH-39s.
HEROES
TheAbteilung(battalion)100wasformedin April194l asan MINIATURES
Ersatz und Ausbildungs(training and recruitmeotunit) at
Schwetzingenin the Rhineland. As a training and replac€ment 7 WAVERLEYPLACE
unit it rvasequippedwith Frenchtanks,someof whichmn on WORKSOP,NOITS
coal gas! Its training facilities were extremelylimited in that the S8O2SY
men would haveto be retrained to operateGeman tanks.The MAIL ORDER SPECIALISTS
followingyearthe battalionwasstationedat Satorycampnear ELITEFORCES(20mmMODERN)
Velsailes and used to guard the railway and Metrc. One 20rnm MODERN FIGURES 25p each
detachment wassentto Vercorsin south-westem France,near
Grenoble,to counterth€ Maquis. A!A! rcRCES I,INITED STATES
Underthe commandof Major Bardlenschlager the battalion EA1 Offi@. Riih AK4? EY1 Om@. vith pisiol
wassentto Normandyin May 19214. It wasdeployedto the west EY2 Cumd wiln M60
of Carentan with its KomDaniessDreadout in the area of EA3 Md advscilg with AK4? EY3 RifleM {it! M60
EAlt Md advecing with AK4? EY4 GDner witL Drqon ATGW
Baupte,Carentanand Ste. Mere-Eglise.Abteilung 100was EY5 Crenadier wiih M203
tactically responsibleto the 91st Infantry Division and helped EY6 Cremdier advancingM203
build anti-invasion defences.The battalion's exact order of DA? Man muchins wilh A(,1? EY7 NCO wfth Mt6+M72
EA8 Man witn AI(M odvancing EY3 Rjlle'fu couchi.g M16
battle in June 19,14is not ce(ain. but it numberedsome15 EAg Md aitvdcing wilh AX47 EYg Cr€nadj.r tnhwinc
tanks,including8 Hotchkiss,l Somua,1RenaultB-1,IPzKpfu EAIo Man oouchiry *ith M203 EY10 Rinenan adlectng M16
III and 17 RenaultR-35s.On the momingof 6 June 1944lst
Kompanie under OberleutnantWeber, had its milk party and PI6 ue olso sbh a luU tunae of Hetui.s dnd Rosdnmft bun d up
C.O. kiled by US paratroops.The battalionwent to battle b! MrJen ann vtwll rense, of @hibs .nn infdn|ry.
readinessat @00 houn, but wben no orders were received A tull .ang€ of $otia Midd Modela.
Bardlenschlagerset out forthe9lsfs HO at Houtevilleneverto Ot!e. 20nn Modem nslE include Briii6!. Soviet, Imeli, C€man
be seenagain. ed Frcnch.
At 0800hoursthebattalionAdjutantbroughtthe lst and2nd Pks* send a ,tnnryd *lf n ldft$ed .ntutop2 for a cat4Lsu.
Kompaniestogetherat Baupte to block the N803to Carentan. Pdst l chdge, 30p mininun on all o.d€F up to $.00
Above 13.00 109%of rotal ccr of o.de..
Dudng the nightthe kompanies-justto be on the safeside-
fired at everythinglThe following day No.1 Platoon lst
KompaniewassenttolvardsSt, Lo andNo,2 towardsCarentan,
Rapidly destroyed fighting the Americans the battalion was
finally reduced to an anti-tank company a.med with panzer- the men were informed they would be designated Panzer
fausts on bicycles, and on 7 July the unit was officialy Abteilung 214, equipp€dwith French tanks and domestic
disbanded,its tankslong sinc€scatteredaroundthe Normandy transport.The men then beganto familiarisethemselves v,rith
countryside. the CharBs,knownto theirqewsasthe82, with the workshop
staff being sent to the Renault factory- which wasshortly after
visitedby the RAF. The unit thoughtit wasgoingto North
PANZER ABTEILI]NG 206 Africa.butinsteadwentwestto St.Malo andwasfeniedoverto
the ChannetIslands.
The l00t sisterbattalion wasthe 206.It wasformed asa rcsene
Arrivingon Guemseyon 25 March1942the tanksof the 213
formation Ior the ?th Armee at Satory camp, south-westof were
stationedat TaborChapel.The O.C. Major L€chtsetup
Versailles,in November1941.By mid-January1944Par]uzer
his HQ in a housecalledSanElmo with KompanieHQ at lJ
Abteilung206wasequippedwith 14HotchkissH-35,H-38and TreladeHotel. Initially
15 Char Bs went to Jerseyand 17 to
H-39,4SonuaS'35,whichwereissuedto platoonandcompany but on TJuneeachgroupreceived2 moretanks.On
Guemsey,
commanders,5 Renault B-l bis (some of which were eachisland12tankswerenorrnalPzKptu Charbr bis(0, while
flamethrowers) 2 Hotchkisstrainingvehiclesand 3 anti-tank theother5 wereflamethrowers. TbecompanyHQon Guemsey
guns- possibly75mmPaK.On 1June19zgis had16Hotchkiss,
ac€ountedfor the extra 2.
2 Somua,4 RenaultB-1 bis and2 RenaultR-35tanks. 1stKompaniewasstationedon Jeney with 130men, who
During D-Day the battalionwasat Cap de la Hagueon the wereattachedto the Schnellabteilung (MobileBattalion)319th
nonhemmosttip of the cotentin Peninsulaand wasprobably of the3l9thlnfantryDivision,thefomationresponsible forthe
subordinate to the243rdInfantryDivision.Trappedalongwith defenceof the Channelhlands. The 2nd Kompade of r80 nen
the 243id,709th and glst Divisionssupportedby the 5rh stationedon Guemseywere attachedto Schnellabteilung450th.
Parachutercgiment and 7th Army Storm Battalion the 206was
Oneachislandthetankswereorganised into3platoons,eachof
completely annihilated during the Americans' battle for the
5 tanks,with the flamethrowers makingup the 3rd.
Peninsula. OflJe^ey lst KompanieunderOberleutnant GrafHoyoswas
deployedin the ParishofSt. Brelades,but waslatermovedto
Tabor Estate ard Tabor Lane, lst Platoonwas sent to St-
PANZERABTEILTJNG213 Petert Baffacks.To beginwith the tankswerekept in sheds,
By Midl941 some elderly Renault FT-17shad arrived in but werethenmovedto the coverof thepinetreesto theeastof
Aldemey, Guemseyand Jersey,and in Septemberthat year TaborLane, wherethey wereensconced and covered.
Hitler orderedheavierarmourto be desptached. Ratherthan On Guemseyoneplatoonwasusedfor airfielddefence,with
tie uDvitalGermantanksanumberofCharBswere selectedfor its vehicles housed in the horticultural Feenhousesoff Bas
the ahannelIsla ds the followingyear. Courtil Road to the north-westof the airport, whilst the other 2
Recruits were selectedfrom 1st PanzerErsatz Regiment at weredeployedto the eastof Petit Bot and in the fieldsof Les
Erfurt andwere sentwestendingup at PoissynearParis.There Pages.To startwith the battalion'srecruitswere young,but
many eventuallywer€ transferredto other fronts and replaced Kailnovik-Focaroad in Jun€ 1943,asTito's men escapedfrom
by older men. In March 19|4, possiblyglad to be away to the the German's Operation Schwartz,brushing asideunits from
war, Major l.echt waspostedto the EastemFront andreplaced the Croatian 369th Division.
by a Major Kopp. Hoyos was also replaced by a Leutnant Rather surprisingly the 2lst PaMer Division was equipped
tlricht. with Frcnch tanks. The bulk of the division and its equipment
AI Germantanksusua y displayeda 3 digit numberon th€ir was lost with the Afrika Korps in Tunisia and had to be
turrets, the systemcould be involved but for the 213it was as reformed at Renneson 15 July 1943.
folows: By 1944the Division's PanzerRegiment22 under Oberstvon
101- Kompanie Commander, 1st Kompanie Oppeln-Broniko*ski wasstill equippedwith a large numberof
201 - Kompanie Commander,2nd Kompanie French Alrys, its former armour consistedoi 98 PzKpfu IVs
102- Resefle Tanh, lst Kompanie aod 6 PzKptu UIs as well as 23 Somuas,43 Hotchldss assault
202 - ReserveTanl, 2nd Kompanie guns and 45 Irnaine selftropeled guns. ln Nordandy the
111- 1stKompanie,lst Platoon,No.l Tank 21st'sunits were deployedbetweenCaen atrdFalaise.A week
212- 2nd Kompanie,lst Platoon,No.2 Tank before the invasionField Marshal Rommel inspect€dthe 2kt
123- lst Kompanie,2nd Platoon,No.3 Tank and he wasnot pleas€dwith what he found. Photographsshow
235- 2nd Kompanie,3rd Platoon,No.5 Tant him looking at Hotchkissesmounting 75mn Pak 40 U46 with
very youngcrews.Four weeksafter D-Day the divisiononly had
61 PzKpfu and 32 assaultguns,althoughnone of the l-oraines
had beenlost. Someof the Frcnch PanzeNescapedthe collapse
OTHERAtrVs of the w€sr€m Front, a PzKpfw 81 bis(o flamm was captur€d
ID 1941, as a result of Hitler's order to send a.mour to the bv the Alies near Deventer Holland in ADril 1945.
ChaonelIslands, C-in-C West, Field Manhal vom Witdeben,
despatcheda number of light tanks, in the sbapeof the elderly
Renault FT-1718 of World War One vinlage, armed with a I1CHY PANZERS
37mm and a maximum speedof 4.8mph. Both Guemseyand Not only did the GermansuseFrenchtanks agahst the Allies,
Jerseyreceived8, Aldemey 4 with 20 crcw, but what unit the so did the Vichy Frcnch. In 1941the Vichy French forces in
tankscrewscamefrom is unclear. When Abteilung 213arrived Syria and the Lebanon under Genenl Henri Hentz werc
they were handed over to the iDfantry and used for airfield ordered by the Vichy govelnment to co-operate with the
defence.By the end of 1944only 2 were stil serviceable.The Germans.To opposethe pre-emptiveBritish invasioDin tme
rest had beencannibalisedand thos€immobilisedwere us€das 1941Dentz had 90 taits (iDcludingR-35s)and 150 annour€d
aideld pilboxes. cars. On 13-15June 1941a large number of Vichy tank were
Also in 1941a number of 47mm Pak 36(t) auf GW Renault destroyedoutside Sidon by British adllery. Also a number of
R-35(0 were sentto the ChannelIslands.They w€re organised tanksin a column of 28 vehicleswere usedby the Australiansto
into specialunits and had nothing to do with the 213,their HQ block the Damascus-Beiruthighway and railway. Vichy tanks
wasnearTbree Oaksin the Parishof St-Lawrenceon Jersey.By attacking the road block were engaged by an Australian
the endof 1942therewere 9 self-prcpelledgunson Jersey,l0 on throwing mort bolnbs!
Guemseyandone on Aldemey. After a raid on Sarkin October An unknown number of tanks were in the other French
1942a pair were sent there until November 1943. colotri€ssuchasAlgiers, Dakar (Senegal),lndo-China, Mada-
gascar and Morocco. The Allies were lorced to invade
Madagascarthrough fear of the pro-Vichy French govemor
BESIEGED granting facilities to Japanesesubmarines!French lndo-China
The Allies landed in No.mandy in June 19,9 and with the had not resisted the Japanese,so the invasion (Operation
capture of St. Malo on 15 August the Channel Islaods were Ironclad) waslaunchedin May 1942.Morocco andAlgiers were
besieged.The Char B consumeda lot of petrol and could only invaded by the dies in November 1942.
managehalf a mile to the galon, the 213which at best would
havebeen usedasmobile pillboxes, now with fuel scarcecould
only start its enghes up very occasionally. COLOUR SCIIEMF,S
On 9 May 1945Task Force 135arrived to acceptthe garrison's Most FrenchAIrys in Germanservicein 1941would hav€been
surrender.The Gerhan infantry andtank qew wereshippedoff dunlel glau (dark/panzergrey) but by 1943werc finished in
to Eneland. PanzerAbteilung 213is probably the only German various camouflagepattems using dunkel gelb (sand-ye[ow)
amoured unit that never fired a shot in anger. The workshop basecolour, with oliv grun (olive green)and rotbraun (chestnut
Kompaniercmainedbehind to help the REME and the French or red brown) over sprayedor hand palnted.
Panzerswerc assembledat CircusField, Milbrook, wherethey The Germanwhite-black crosswaspainted on the hull sides
rcmained for 11 months. In May 1946 the Char Bs were andon the turret behindthe numbering,althoughthe Abteilung
retumed to the French Army, exceptfor No.114 which is now 100or 206 have been photographedwith a holow black hull
presefled in the RAC Tanlk Museum Bovington, rcstored in cross and the turret cross in ftont of the number. These
French colours. formations' tanks have also been photogaphed in plain and
camouflageschenes.lnitially the turret numben on ihe 213's
tanl wer€ sma[, normaly black or red line in white (althougb
GERMAN DWISIONS there were numerous variations on this). But they were
At least two Geman Divisions in the West usedFrcnch tanks. eventualy alter€dto th€ standardsize.The self-Fopeled guds
ln 1942the 7th SSFreiwi[igen Gebirgs (Mountain) Division were oainted in a similar mander.with the crosson the sidesof
Prinz Eugenhad a battalion of tanks, and by June 1943it had a the fighting compartrnent. Those Hotchkisses deployed in
tank companyequippedwith HotchkissH-39s,*hich wereused Yugoslaviaseemto havebeenplain dunkel grau, with a holow
in Yugoslavia in counter-insurgencyop€rations against Josip white crosson the hull sid€sor the turret. Thos€ used by the
Broz's (Tito) partisans. The Germa$ lost tbree H-39s to Vichy Frcnch in the Lebanon had a sandy-brownbasecolour
partisans armed with an anli-tank rifle whilst crossing the with olive grcen camouflage.The zimmerit pastefirst applied
 t5

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in 1943to Germanarmourto countermagneticanti-tankhollow

charges doesDotseemto havebeenappliedto Frenchtanksor
ser-propeled guns.

CONCLUSION
For the modeller and wargamer there is a large amount of
potential in making use of the French Panzerc,especiallyas
Matchbox producea lt6th scaleChar B and FT-17. Their us€
in Gernan colours presents an interesting opportunity for
variousscenariodioramas,while the wargamercanlegitimately
field French armour post-1940.lt meansFrench tanls cad be
pitted agarnstAmerican, British and Russianarmour, andthey
would certainly make an interesting and novel addition to any
wargamer'sGe.man armour collection. In Normandy French
PanzeN saw action against American/Bdtish armotrr and
American/British paratroops.They were cenaiDlyused in the
counter-attack against the 5th Aifbome Division's ome
bridgehead.In the long run though, the Frcnch Panzersmade
no significanttacticalcontributioDto the Germanwar effort and
servedaslittle more than a secondrate stopgapwhich provided
the Germanswith a few hundredextra tanks and self-DroDell€d

When replying to adverts please rnention Warganes Illustrated.

l6

NUNDA, EATEROF MEN by Chris Peers

If this is becoming more of a wildlife magazine than a It may seemstrangethat the native tales should have been
wargamingpublication, at least some of the blame must be taken at facevalue,but it shouldbe mentionedthat this wasnot
shoulderedby the Editor. The origins of this scenadocan be the only case in which the nunda was supposedlyinvolved.
traced to the 1990Nationals when I showedhim someof the About 10 yeals later Hichens witnesseda similar outbreak of
resin "impenetrable jungle" piec€s I had bought from the kilings. and on that occasionspoke to a survivor. an
Village Greenstall. He suggestedaddingsome25mm.Iregula. €xperiencedhunter, who blamed the mysterious cat for his
Miniatures wild animal headspoking out from amongthe trees injuries. Other Europeans are said to have had similar
and wonderedif that could somehowbe made the basisfor a experienc€sin the samearea,and at leasttwo modemzoologsts
gane, which just goesto showthat it is not only the contributors have suggestedthat an unkno*n species of big cat might
to this magazinewho come up with silly ideas. So herc goes: actually exist in the coastal jungles. A certain amount of
what follows is a little bit of almost-forgottenhistory, some credibility may be given to this id€a by the fact that another
background for a skirmish sc€nario which might test a lew authority has identified the Lindi region, on eeological and
nenes and, most importantly, a chanceto use those African other grounds, as one where prehistoric animals might b€
animalsyou all bought lor the rhino games. expectedto have escapedextinction! It would of course be
impossibleevento guessat the prcbability of ihis behg the case,
but a numberof other facton make th€ scepticalnon-zoologist
TIIE BACKGROT]NI) wonder. For example,if this creature really $as the "eater of
The main sourcefor this affair is the recollectionsof a Captain men" why did it leave the bodies lying around instead of
W. Hichens,who wasNative Magistratefor the British colonial draggingthem ofr and eatingthem?Why would it risk an attack
authoritiesat Lindi, Tanganyika,in the early 1920sr.Lindi is on a soldier when there were other, presunably unamed,
situated at the southem end of the coast of what is now victimshangingaround?(It is well documentedthat man-eating
Tanzania,about 70 miles north of the Mozambiqueborder; it animalsbecomevery cunning and can tel whether a potential
wasdesoibedat the lime as beinga sma village,but had a dinner is carying a gun or not.) And why would it stop killing
ma*et which served a large hinterland. A glance at a when no-one had caughtit, then start up again yearslater? It
large-scalemapwill showthat €ventoday this is an exc€ptional- seemslo me that, regardlessof the question of whether the
ly remote area, separatedfrom the rest of the country by an nundadoesor everdid exist,the killings Hichenswas@ncemed
alnost uninhabited wildemess (now containing the Selous with were probably the work of a humanagency.Elsewherein
GameReserve)andaccessible only over hundredsof milesof AJrica we know of societiesof "lion-men" or "leoDard-men".
rcugh din fack - a fact which should be bome in mind, as it who kjUedtheir victimswith metalclawsdesigDed to makeit
helps to mak€ the story a little more believable.In 1922there look like the work of a big cat, and it would not be surprisingif
had apparentlybeen a spateof thefts of goodsleft ovemight in the native communities pr€ferred to keep this sort of thitrg
the ma*et placeat Lindi, and Hichensposteda night guard of secretby explainingit in tems of an old l€gendwhen the white
nativeaskaris- three men, eachstandinga four'hour watch- to man started to interfere. In fact the nunda legend may even
keep an eyeon the area.Th€n one askari, arriving to take over have been started by one of these secret societiesin the first
at nidnight, found the man he was relieving hidden beneatha pla€e.What their motive for theseapparently random killings
sta[, deadand "tenibly mutilated". In his hand wasa clumpof would havebeencanonly be guessed,but leaving deadaskaris
grey, matted hair, and Hichens and the European offic€r in and bits of mysteriousfur strewo around would prcsumably
chargeof the askarisnot surprisingly put the death down to a havebeeneffectivein keepingthe localsa*ay from the market
wild animal, probably a lion. However, the following daya local place at nighl while some unidentified activity, whether
headmanbrought in two witnesseswho claimed to have seen crimjoalor ritual in nature.waspuJsuedthere.
what had happered. Their story wasthat they had be€npassing Our scenariotherefore assumesthat a player, in the role of
the market place, surreptitiously for fear that the askarimight the Native Maeistrateor someother British official, plansto sit
take them for criminals,when they actuallysawthe animal leap up at night andshootthe culprit, whateverit maybe. If thereare
on the man and bring him dosm. And the kiler, they claimed, enough playen two more can take the pans of the askads
wasnot a lion or a l€opard but the hugebrindled cat kDownas aclompanyinghim, and extm interest can be added by giving
"nunda ot "mngwe" (the latter not surprisingly meaning"the them quite differcnt objectives.The 6rst thing for the umpire to
strangeone"). This cr€aturewaswel kno*n in S$ahili folklore do is to give the British player a list of things he can take wiih
and said to be widely feared as "the eaterof men", but asfar as him, such as rifle, flashlight, goat etc. Someg€niusis sure to
the Europeansknew it wasentirely mythical. The situationwas vtantto take a fishingnet andthrow it over something,but try to
nther as if a wilness to a contemporarymurder in Britain had talk him out of it - he and his men have not pmclic€d throwing
implicated a werewof, but Hichens, mindful no doubt of the it, they would make too much noise, an animal *ould s€eit
possiblercaction of his superstitiousaskfiis, had no choicebut comingand they canonly throw it 20 feet ant ay. ff he insists,
to takethe rcport seriously.He watchedthe markethimselfthat at least he basbeen wamed. The point is that, as s,e shal see,
night, tog€ther with two armed askaris,but saw nothing. The equipment and tactics designedfor one t'?e of quarry will be
following eveningthe normal pattem of four-hour watcheswas disasrous if attempted against something else, and the poor
resumed,and a secondman was found slaughtered,clutching player has no idea what is actually coming. Then set up the
more of the mysteriousgrey hair. With this the kilings stopped market place on the table, with a few trees, huts etc. to give
in Lindi itself, but for another month they continuedin nearby cover, keeping the lights low if possible to create the right
villagesalongthe coast.The authoritiestried hunting, trapsand atmosphere.The British player will want to tether the goat
poisonbut failed to catchthe supposedgiant cat, andone night som€whereandposition himselfwherehe canget a clearshotat
the spateof deathsstopp€d as suddenly as it had begun. anythingwhich attacksit, comFomising asbesthe canbetween
 t7

T1IE AIUIIT'ELL I'AiGA''ES SOCIIIY

PitsE {' trlt

rEsr tdDtll{Ds xr[rraty lroDEl,l.rric sttot
\A' t, ni t\, Q
ON
SII'DAY t'tARCH1OTH 1991

At itlE
ALUXIEII CET'1nE. PRIT'I,EY AVENI'E, IAI.SIII

I]{REE !,llCE BAI,I.S ColtrlliIl]|c.

4!E_lp_5p5lrElIq:Eq1 l.od'?d d ot r.t ecob.r 1es0)

G^!Lnuiilr]urj,c|ii

IILDGEBI''.igreiflIE'i
16), scxc, E.n roDELs,

E&-g9g:.1s

the needfor cover, the desireto get closefor the best shot and moves silently until within 30 pacesof the goat, then
the needto keep out of springing distanc€ of a possibly enraged c-ackl€sloudly to alert the rest of the pack. If, however,
animal. If he does not akeady realise, one of his askariswill his route takeshim within 30'of di.ectly downwindof a
advise him to keep downwind of the goat (sacrifices are man, he lvill instead sneakoff silently. Anyone within
sometimesnecessaryin taking up the white man'sburden!) for 30 paceswhen be cacklestakes a panic test - use the
reasons which will becom€ apparent. He will also grvethe two system in your rules, or fail the figure on a scoreof I on
natives their ordeN and deploy them where he wishes. As a D10. Anyonefailingthe testfites a shotat random;
rcgardsrules anycolonial or even20th century skitmish setwill the first living thing, manor aninal, within 50pacesand
probably do, and if your favourite set does not cover wild 15"of the way he is facingbasa 5% chanceof beinghit.
animalsyou can work out youl own additions. However, my 70-75:A lion ent€rsthe table at random andstalksthe goatin
own choice is the Birmingham Backshooters' 19th Century roughly a straight line, but deviating to mate use of
rules, which already include a selection of suitably ferocious cover or to get downwindof it if necessary.The players
are told only that a dark shapecanbe seenfrom time to
time in the moonlight, movingat approximatelyhuman
Divideup thenightinto eightone-hoursegmenk,nd tbrowa walking pace. They wil only identify it if they use a
pair of percentagedice to fiod out what arrivesduring eachone. flashlight or if it comeswithin 30 pac€sandwithin 45"of
However,if the playeruseshis flashlightno wild animalswill the way they are facing and is not in cov€r. Men may
aDDear until at leasttwo hourslater,andifa gunis firednothing changethe way they are facing,but this involvesa 10%
eiiept the nunda(who ftom his askari-killinghabitsis obviously chanceof alerting the lion. If alertedit runsoff the table
not ;fraid of firearms) will be seen for the rest of the night. at the spot whereit camein. Otberwiseit kills the goat,
Resultsof dicethrowsare as follows: eatspan of it and leaves2.(Noi€ that the hyaenaabove
wil not be fussyand will react to the goat in the same
l-60: Nothing happens.The umpile may increas€tensionas way whether it is alive or not). If, however, the lion
desir€d by nentioning bird calls, rustling in the comeswithin 5 pacesof a man, or 20 pacesand within
undergroMh, etc., but these are obviously small 3ff of do$inwind,it smels him and hasan 85% chance
creatures. Note that it may be in lhe interest of the of running and a 15% chanceof attacking him. lf it
natives to abort tbe mission before anlthing drastic attacks,the victim must take a panic test asaboveand
happens,so there is nothing to stop them trying to wind can oDly fire aimed if he passes.If wounded the lion
up the European player by claimingto hear thingsof a flees.
more alarming nature. They may not, however, fire
without ordeN (seeobjectives below). 7679: A warthhogentersat random and walks straight across
61-65:A lion roa about half a mile away, direction the table to exit at the opposite side, gping muDd any
immaterial. Ever'thing else goesquiet. obstaclein its way. It is hamless, but its movementsare
6&69: A hyaenaenten the table ai a spot d€cidedat random, reported to the playersasif it wasa lion until it is seen.
2ti

ScottBowdenti The Simplifiedfor faster

Emperor's play.
Heodquarters
announce
therelease No chargein
of their new mountitgneces^ary.
Napoleonic
MiniqtureWargame Graphically
SimulationRules. enhanced
and
editoriallyperfect
ed,
Shipping
in bounci
rulesbooklet.
Nwenbet of 1990
PlayerAid sheets.

80-85:Two men enter th€ table at rardom, move to a 97'100:lt really is the "nunda,eaterof men". lf you needa
randoo y selectedhut by a route giving na-iimum modelusesomethinglike a fantasysabre-toothedtiger.
cover, break in and proceedto get drunk on what they Its appearanceis both good and bad news for the
find hside until they passout. For an hour after their players;goodbecausekilling it is worth lots of objective
arrival no animalsexceptthe nunda will appear.They points, bad because,asthe nameimplies, goatis not its
are already quite merry when they arrive and are first choicefrom the menu.It will enter at randomandis
talking in stag€whisp€rs, so will be reporred to tbe treat€d exactly as if it was a lion, exc€pt that it can
players as men, but thef numter will not b€ ktrown. detect a man at 50 pacesdo*nq,ind and $rill always
They wi[ only spot a playerif they fa[ overhim or breat abandonthe goat to stalk the first man it detects.If it
into a hut wherehe is hiding, but if this do€shappen,or gets into close combat it automatically kills a man,
a player sbootsor otherwise revealshimself, they will regardless of whatweaponshe mayhave,it is alsonot
run at tull speedoff the table by the quickest route. frightened by lights, gunshotsetc., and will not flee
8696: 2 D6 x "nunda-m€n" arrive. lt would be best to giv€ unlesswounded.
theseto anotherplayer or playen if possible.They may
appearat any point aDdin oneor more separategrcups, At the endof the night, iI aDyplayersremainalive they \rill be
and are reported as men in unlnown numbers.Their allocatedobjective points on the following basis.Thosefor the
objectiveis to kill anyonethey find in the market place; askarisare .ather difrerent ftom thoseof rhe Europeanplayer,
they will know that there are men there, but not where andit is up to th€m to ensurethat the Europeanis manipulated
or how many. Two are armed with ancient muzde- to suit them, without discoveringthat their aims were not the
loaders. two with bows. the rest with steel claws
counting as two daggerseach. They are identified as
"nunda-men" in the sameway as
for identifying a lion,
andwil detectplayersif th€y comewithin 5 paces,enter Europ€anPlaJer
a hut where they are or are ale(ed by movement.If a Eachwarthogor hyaenashotby (He becomes alaughing-stock
man moves stealthily or changesdirection within 30 mistak€ -2 anonghisfellowbig,gane
pacls they have a 5% chanceeachof hearinghim; if he nuntersr-
moves rapidly they hear him automatically within 60 Eachdrunkennativeshotby (Possiblelegalproceedingt.
paces.The nunda-menarc used to operating at night mistake 4
andwith tenor astheir ally, anddo not take panictests;
playen may haveto if attackedaccordingto the normal Eachaskarikilled,bywhatever (Lossof trustanonghismer).
5
 29

Also,the Wargame Aaailablenmt,

Simulation
of the ScottBowd.en's
WarsofAntiquity, Napoleon'sLa
Ancient E npires, Grande Armei 'L873
will berelusedin ($34.95+ 83 s&h) &
Noaenber
7990. Atttties On The
Danube 7809
Aoailabkthrough ($26.95+ $3 strh).
yourlocalstoteor
.--- ---t,n
1.800.59EAGLE)
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%8
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--.' \_--/\---l Tet:074.532.627Era: 0299.270662

Eachlionshot I (lroks a bit of a fool, but a Any nunda-rnan

killed or (Thesecretis out, andthere
nicetiophy). -5 mayber€prisalsagainstthen
Eachpanictestfail€dbyself -5 (A laughing-stockagain). familiet.

Each nunda-mankilled Th€nundaiskilled 5 (AJterall, nobodylovesthe

4
nunda).
E-achnunda-mancaptued 6
Theirofficersurvivesthenighr 8 (Possiblyrecomm€nded
for
The nunda is seenbut not (No-onebelieveshim). promomn).
killed -2
The aboveshouldIeaveplentyof scopefor d€viousinteractions
Thenundaiskilled 10 (He becones an intemational betweenthe players,alrhoughumpiresshouldnotethat if ptayers,
big-gamehunting celebrity figuresare more than, say, 5 pacesapan their communicarions
andhasthe new speciesnamed duringthe gameshouldbe strictly limited, or penaltiesbroughtin
afterhin). for disturbingthe wildlife by talking too loudly.

Eachwanhogshot,by selvesor (Thevillagen€edsthe meat).

offic€r 3 NOTES
-3
Eachhyaenashotbyselves (They're nolrarhungry, and
1). lV. Hichens("Fulahn"),Chambe$'s loumal,Vot. tl, 1927
and Wide WorA. Vol. 62, 1928. Further details in K.p.N.
the hyaenais suppos€dto
S *er, Mystery Catsof the Wo d, Robeft Hale,1989.
embody the spirits of th€ir
2). No, I do not meanit hasa saladwith its meal; it /earesrre
tabb, by the \ay it camein if possibl€.
Eachlion killed, by anyone 4 (Lions eat their cattle).
Selvesfire beforetheir offic€r (Disciplinary proceedingt. G.J.trl.FlGURll{ES
withouthispermission,or run WarlM6s Frgurospaj Edto @llecto€shndard.
awayaoddeserthim duringthe 5m.nto 3omm.5mmsamplelr€owitl SAEor 5 tRCs.
night -{ Forsanpl€1smmf€ur€ ard lst! $nd at .95or e2,95
lor 25mmsamplefi9u6, payauelo c6Ed Clonh,
Each askari kiled, by whatever 24 ChelsfisldM6rs, S-ranion
Clo€€.OlDinoton.
-5 Kd!BF54FN ibr newremrrip nrnrar
cause
smmasp€ciality. Lr.phon r 060!iamtt5 (24nr)
l0

CROSSINGTHE EBRO
A Spanish Civil War Scenario
by Paul Compton

SPAININ JT]I,Y1933
TIIE BATTLE OF THE RII'ER EBRO
24thJuly.lErhNovemberl9J8
In thissecondarticleconcerning theSpanishCivil war,I aimto
describethe eventstakingplaceduringtheBattleof the Ebro,
a d to presenta scenariobasedupon the battle,to giveyou a
taste of wargamingthe SCW at BattaliolvcomPany level
By July 1938, lhe Nationalhts had completed a successful
offensivesoutheastwards into Aragon,andhadat lastreached
the Mediterranean - effectively cutting the Republic in two.
Tbiswasa citical blowto the Republic,andindeedboththekey
ReDublicancitv of Valenciaand the industrial heartlandaround
saicelonaweri threatened. Aid tuomStalinto the Republicans
was dwindling,and Britain and Francestill maintainedtheir
strict policy of non-intervenlion. The Republicanswere faced
with their most daunting challengeto date. (SeemaP 1)

THE BATTLN
The Republican Anny ofthe Ebro,in theeast,decidedto stake
everythingon a daing all-out offensiveacrossthe river Ebro to
divert the Nationalist forces away from valencia, for the
Nationalists were now within twenty miles of the city The
offensivewasled by GeneralJos€Modesto,who by 24thJuly
had assembledall aheforces he could muster - over 100,000 uaa nenutrican
noa
men, plus all the relatively little artillery and aircraft the fffl] rarron,ri'r @
Republichad remaining.(Seemap2)
Th€ almy had had a brief rest, somefresh supplieshad been Bsttle of the river Ebm & Republicanadvanc€Zrh-3lst July
distributed,and moralewas very high at the prospectof the
R€public aslast goingon the offensiveagain.The objectivewas
to storm acrossthe fast-flowing and treacherousEbro along a
twenty mile wide ftont, at points whete it wasrelatively lightly
defended,usingthe advantageof surprise.The qossingtook
place on the nigit of the 24th July 1938,at points where the
teftain was more inhosDitable.in an effort to minimise the
impactof theNationalisr;overwhelming superiorityin armour'
ni etre unirs, led by e\perienced \enror officerssuch as
'El Campasino' spearheadedthe assault,
Enrique Lister and
makingthe hazardouscrossingin smallboatsor over hastily
constructedpontoon bridges, in the face of anillery barrages
and air attacks. The advancewas swift and incisive, and the Mrclh
Republicanunits advancedrapidly, someas far as twenty-five
miles into Nationalist-held territory.
The main thrust was directed at Gandesa defended by
Moroccans,.withthe ultimate aim of severingthe road south- a"-
the Nationalists' supply line to the front - and perhaPseven z"-
restoringconta€twith the RePublican

openingdaysof the battle the

centralzone.lnitiallytbe
offensivewassuccessful,but after the first moving actionof the
NationalistsresPonded in force,
z Tr) Brrccbnr \

including massiveartillery barragesand constantair bombard_

me t. The Republican advanceground to a halt. The battle
deteriomted into a furious trench warfarelike carnageas the
- lttrin Ro.rd O lo\n
two armiessloggedit out throughthesummer.As hadbeenthe
casethroughout th€ war, the Republican side was starved of
manpower, alms, equipment, food - almost all essentials,
including reserve forces to back up the now exhaustedand heat was cdppling; even the Moroccans- no strangersto dry
depletedfront line troops, who had enduredaPPallingcasual_ heat - vreresuffering. The Republicanswere alrnostinevitably
ties.ln addition,the Spanishsummerwasat its height,andthe forced onto the defensive.and then. desDitefierce resistance,
 3l
found themselvesstrugglingto maintain any kind of defenceat
all. MONARCH& MAGNOLIA?
The attackconceived asa sudden,disablingblowdraggedon NO. DUSKY PEACH& LUPTN!
for four months and became one of the wars' bloodiest
conftontations. Franco was determined to not only hold and
then repel the Republican offensive, but on the 30th October
mounted an overwhelmingcounter-attack.
Francoignoredall efforts now madeby the RepublicanPrime
Minister, Negrin, for a negotiatedsettlement,despiteNegrin's
offers of concessionsand appealsto the Irague of Nations.
Negrin's pleas for political support from Britain and Fmnce
proved pointless,sincethosecountrieswere alreadyappeasing
Hiter's demandson Czeckoslovakia.Stalin had lost faith in the
Republic'schancesof winning the \var, and had withdrawn his
support. The Republican position was now dire.
On the 22nd Septemberthe IntemationalBrigadeswere
o{ficially withdrawn from the front, followed by a final
emotional parade through Barcelona on the 15th November,
and their repatriation.By 18thNovenber 1938ihe remainiDg T---------------t"
Republican forces had been pushed back over the Ebro,
fighting a desperate war of attrition, with the victorious
Nationalistfor€esadvancinson Barcelona.
on l.0lH.15
TuFSal 10.00-6.15 l l ,
21}:'PENTONVILLEBOAD
LONDONNl gNP
CROSSINGTHE EBRO: T€leDhone:071-83:|il{171
A RIVER ASSAULTSCENARIO
WARGAMES FANTASYGAMES
This scenariois loosely basedon the Republicanassaulton the ESSEX & DIXON T.S.R.
dver Ebro in July 1938.It is not meantto be a preciserecrcation & PLATOON
FREIKORPS AVALONHILL
of events during the battle of the Ebro, but a scenario MLR& HOTSPUR STANDARD
illustrating the tt?e of action that took place. The objective of w.R.G. PORTAGE
the Republican player is to €ross the river and establish a PNNNNG SERVICE
bridgeheadon the westem side - the Nationalist player hasto Tom Hardman,ChrisL€ason& olher qualitybrushmen
sropnrm,
war tlrough the assistanceof Mussolini, and extendedcredit
abroad; a facility denied the Republic-anforces.)
THE NATIONALISTS
The Nationalist forces available conshr of the followins:
3 lrbors of MoroccanIntantry.eachconsisting ofr*o i;fantry TIIE R.EPTJBLICANS
companiesand a machine gun platoon. The Moroccanswere The Republican'ssid€ consistsof the followiDg:
stil among the best trcops on the Nationalist side, being 1 Battalion-strengthunit of Anarchist Militia consistingof 3
particularly adept at fieldcraft, and were noted for their company-sizedunits. By this stageof the war, the militia had
aggressionand ability to move swiftly across coDntry while becomemore militarised, and much of the earlier indiscipline
concealed. However, they had never fully regained their and unconventionaldrcsshad beendiscarded.The militias had
maximumcapacityasfirsl classcombattroops after the mauling becomean importanl part of the Republican Army's frghting
they rcceived at the battle of Jarama eighteen months strength, and they were battle,hardenedand experiencedby
prevrousry, this time.
1 Bandeft oI Spanish Foreign Legionn.ries, a Bardera 3 Battalionsof the Intemational Brigades:th€ XVth Brigade,
comprises three infantry companies and a machine gun r4th Bn. (Bdtish), 22nd Bn. (Canadian/Americad)and xllth
company.At this stageof the war the Foreign L€gion wasstil
one of the foremost Nationalist units, and had an awesome
rcputation for rutl essnessand fanaticism. All were air€ady
considerably experienced in combat after years of fighting
Spain'scolonial wars in North Africa.
1 Battalion of regular Nationalist infantry; foul infantry
companiesand one machinegun company.About sev€ntyper
cent of the pre-civil war Peninsulararmy joined the Nationalist
r€bellion, including most officers. They were at least already
tmined and organised,though of only averagequality. Many
units consistingof conscriptswere relegatedto ganison duty.
I unit of Condor Legion tanls: approximately 1 squadron.
The Condor Legion were German regular army ivolunteer'
units, suppliedfor the Nationalist war effort by Nazi Germany,
and were a significant part of the Nationalist army. The four
Abteilungeo of PzKpfw I light tankswere particularly effective,
sincethe Republicanshad little amour with which to oppose
them. (Fu(hermore, the Nationalistsremainedvastly superior
in terms of air power, armour and equipment throughout the
Brigade, 5th Bn. (German). Each Battalion consistsof fout
infantry companies and one machine gun company, all
understrength.The desperatelack of trarning and equipment
for the Intemational Brigadesat the start of the war had been
SABRE
alleviated slightly by improved trainirg methods, and the
leadership of a core of now highly experienced veteran
Brigaden, around whom thos€ more recently arrived in Spain
l99l
werefomed. Not least,the dedicationanddeterminationin the
faceof appallingdiffrc.t tiesheld the Bdgadestog€ther, making =ri
them a crack unit which was thro$n into the front line of any
nF lO-3Otn/5ptt=
attack, resulting in an exceptionaly high casualtyrate.
I Company of Assault Guards (Asalfos). The Spanishriot
police remainedloyal to the governmentwhen the war bmke I I $HAlt HOTEL
= EoLD
out. They were panicularly useful, sioce they were h€avily
armed, and well trained in urban combat. +iEfriFfr-
SI.IAI{R.D,HARR+GAIE
STARTINGPOINTS =tEiiEE
The Republicanplayer beginsby setting uP his figures on the lii:i
SUHDAYAUGUST4th
eastemedgeof th€ table (or h€ld off-table in r€serveif desir€d).
Becauseof the Republic$ etementof surpris€,the Nationalist =BRIHG tll D Euv TI$ T
forceswill only appeargadualy, and whenthey do, may be set
upanynvh€reonthewestemedgeof thetabl€ Throw1d6forthe
= I*ADE
E ffi STflIDS
l.
initial forces,then €verytum thereafter; if a numberis thrown a
second time, the Player may select another number of his *ffAl'tE$ $EI tll t Pt
Scorc Result ment, and the hazards of th€ river's sEong current, the
I Moroccan infantry Nationalistplayerthrol$ 2d6per pontoon bridgebeingused,or
2ot3 Any two compades of Foreign L€gion companycrcssingin boats, and appli€sthe effectsbelow at the
4or5 Half the Condor Legion armour stan of thr tum. (All effectsarc of coursein addition to all other
Nationalist regular infantry fire and enemy action.)
Potrtoonbridgei
CROSSINGTHE EBRO S{ore Elfect
Thereare two waysfor the Republicansto crossthe dver: either 2-8 No extra effect
byconstructingpontoonbddges,orby boat Both methodsmay 9 Ponloonbridge drifts with currenl. company
be employed, as follo*si crossessafely, but pontoon cannot be usednext
tum while being straightened.
Pontoonbddges 10 Damagedby sheufireand strafng. Compan)
Up to 3 may be constructed, at any desir€d points. The crossingtakes5% casualties,and delayedon the
Republicanplayermustnominatewhichcompanies are matr-
bddge for one tum while cleadng the damage
handling the building materials when they leale the east€m ll Badly damagedby shellfire. Company crossing
edgeof lbe tablel one companycan carry materialsfor one takes 15% casualtiesand delayed two turns.
bridge athalfspeed, ortwo companiesatfull speed Onceatthe 12 Pontoonde\troyedby shellfireand breaksup.
rivers' edge,a nominatedcompany(at least 50% ful strength) 25%ofrhe companycrossingmakelhe far side
mav build a bridse. Throw ld6 per tum; an even number countingas disorganiseduntil rallied. A[ othen
indicatestle brid;e is half-complated {or fully comPleledif are killed or drown.
alrcady half-completed). Thereafter, one company-sizedunit
may crossp€r tum. For the purpos€sof enemy fue, they are Boats
treated as being strung out evenly along the bridge with no Scor€ Effe.t
cover. When they arrive on the far bank, they are treated as 2-8 No exffa effort
disorganis€duntil rallied. 9 Boats dnft 50m downstream
10 Boat crewstidng. Half speedthis tum
Boat! 11 5% casualtiesfrom aircraft strafing
There are sufficientboatsto ferry up to six company-sizedunits 12 15% casualtiesfrom aircraft strafing, and move
acrossat any one time. A comPanycarrying its boatswill move haff speedthis turn
at half speed,.ort*o compani€scarryingone batchof boatswill
move at full speed. The companiescarrying boats must be
nominated *hen they leave the eastem edge of the table. A BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SUGGESTEDREADING
comDaDy crossinqin boatswiU move at looD/tum. in olher
wordsmakinsthi far sidein a minimumof two tums. For the TheSpanishCivilby Daid Mitchell. (GranadaPublishingLtd.
purposes of lnerny fte, the company is heated as a 30m, 1982)
(Victor GollaDczLtd.
diam€ter circular area of small boats; the m€n arc treated as The Shalow Grave by Slalter Gregory.
beingin light covet, andmay retum fue at half strength.once a 1986)
(Panizan Press1989)
comoanvil across.ittakesonetum for theboalstobere$med La Ultima Cntzadaby Bob Cordery.
to the easlembank for re-use,retumed by civilianvolunleers For whom the Bell Toils by Emest Hemmingway (fiction).
(JonathanCape 1941)
who do not count as pa.t of the fighting strength.
me SpanishCivil Warby Hugh Thomas. (Hamish HamiltoD/
Natiotrslist air cover
To accountfor the Nationalist air cover and artilery bombard- Ho;age b aataloniaby George Orwetl (fiction). (Pengrin)
 33

Votae
by John Sharples
II Iledgerows
In my first anicle I exprcssedmy view that the battlefields reasonsthat the Engish longbowmanFactis€d hard at clout
depictedon our tabletops, although pleasingto tfte eie, are in shooting.However I would suggestthat it wasody when sma[
fact usuallyinaccumteasthey normally portny our presentday armsfire effect dnstically increasedin range and penetration,
interyretation of historical landscapes.Having already steeled with the intrcduction of efficient rifled \reapons,or the useof
myselJfor the flood of criticism to my opening comnents I anillery would this defenc€in any way be nullified. It shouldbe
would now like to tum :ny attention to one of the actualfeatur€s remembercdhoweverthat the advene effectsare not just one
that dot our field of battle, in this casehedgerorvs.I would not way, the defender armed with bow, sling, spear or crossbow
like to saythenumberof timesthatI haveseenBritishRedcoats would be unable to shoot effectively over the obstacleand he
peering along the barrels of their muskets at the advancing most certainly would not be able to shoot through it. Even the
enemy,only their shakosvisible over the neatlytrimmed hedges musk€teeror fusilier, in any other than open order will find lus
of the Belgiancountryside.I agee that it looks impressive,but elEciencysever€lyreduced in being deployedbehind hedges.
it just is not accurate. In fact most command€rsseen to have avoidedd€ployingat
First things first: what is a hedge?In effect it is a boundary hedgerows,preferring to form their tloops some way back,
marker, whether flanting a road or separatingfields, and as covering the weal spots in the natural barrier with massed
such is designedto keep intrude^ out. Even today we plant firepower (as at Newbury d'rdng the English Civil War) and
denseomamental barriers around our gardensto protect both ready to assaultthe diso4anised and ftagm€nted attackersif
oul p vacy and our property. W1lenyou considerthe resilient theyshouldbe so bold asto force their way through. Only at the
and tough qualities shown by a common privet, eventualy baltle of NasebyhaveI found hedg€sbeingusedasan oclupied
assaulted by apairofshears,itbecomesclearthata deliberately Iine of d€fenc€,and then only by dismounteddmgoons.
constructedcountry hedgerow, with its interlaced branches, Although I aclept that determined infantry COULD, given
occasionaltree or large bush, and perhapsdrainageditch, time, force a hedge, the evidenc€ is that cavalry and
presentsa much more serious obstaclein a tactical situation horse-drawnvehicles would find them impossible obstacles.
than is reflected in most setsof warsamerules. Forget any idea of foxhuntirg gentlemenriding hell-forleather
But even this is not the full pictur; as most country hedges ad flying ou)r the hedge as if at the Grand National, army
with which we are familiar are to be found alongroadsides,and mountswerenot oi suchstockandevenif theywer€ a few weeks
these are usually kept in good repair, regularly tdmmed and on campaignwould soonreducetheir condition. At the batde of
nurtured by famers. Modern equipment makesthis job much Winc€by (1643) broken Royalist Holse fleehg for their lives
easier and so these neat, even, green barricades arc very found themselvestrapp€d by surrounding hedges.Unable to
familiar to us. However a hundred yearsago this effect could forc€ their wiry through they were c-aughtattempting to file
only be achievedby srveatand hard labour, and the 'waste'of through a narrow gate, the resulting slaughterled to the name
valuableman-houn; ther€fore hedgeconditioning was la4ely 'SlashHollow' entering the history books.
ignored and all available effort was placed in maintaining the I amnot about to suggestherenew nrlesconceminghedgesin
drainageditcheswhich are still often found alongsidethe hedge. wargames,nor criticise in detail how they are presently dealt
This obviouslym€antthat the vegetation,not only of the hedge with, but offer the abovefor the considerationof that dedicated
itself but alsoth€ bra€kengass a weedsbordering it, gew in foolhardy band of scribble$ who produc€ our much lov€d
profusionandif onetmvelson foot beyondthe familiar roadside rulebooks,andfor the seriouswargamerwho wishesto raiseour
hedgeinto the fields beyond we can even today seethe result. hobbybeyondthe level of Rirft andrecaeatebattlesasthey were
The most ancient hedges to be seen in Britain today, actually fought.
survivo$ of the massacreimposedby modemfarmingmethods,
are composedof hugetlees interspersedby denselyintertwined
thom trees,which may standup to twelve feet high. Even better
examplesof ancienthedgercwscanbe seenin the bocageregion
around Falaisein Normandy, where modem farming has not VILLAGE GREEN
had su€ha devastatingeffect as on this side of the Channel. ResinCart Buildings and Scenics
During th; fighting around Falaisein 1944the Geman army
was ableto delay the Allied advancefor weekssimply because
of the d€fensiblenature of the terrain. The densevegetation
provided simply converteddefensivearcas,which were almost
impossibleto spot until brought into action, and difficult to iff:}.t.'.illBlc BRI
assault.If the sinple hedgerowsof Fmncecreatesuchproblems
for modemweaponry,how muchgreaterwasthe defensefactor
againstbow or musket? i:ii;.,"i'i'il:' f 6.99 [email protected]
EXTENSToNS
cdr$. d.. 9.5cm
How would such a obstacleaffect firing? Obviously direct
fire foombows,crossbowsard evenmusketswould be savagely 34 Moorsanh AEnu€, Mounr Vale,York YO2 2DP
affected,suchfire would mainly seFe to reduceenemymorale, Tetephorc (09o4t 6 2 9062
andrestdcthis movement,althoughcertainweaponsloosedat a
high trajectory would certainly inflict casualties,one of the
A SPOT OF SCALLYWAGGIilG
by Robert Testro

Tho place: Britain. The time: July, 1940.The BEF has been Thus an undergrcund organisatioD came into existence
ddven oul of France, leaving behind 200,000British $oops beforc any invasionoccurred and was formed behind friendly
(including Britain's only formed armoured division), to be lines. Termed "Auxilliary Units", thesepartieswere intially to
ignored and left to their fate. The RAF hasnot y€t put to the make one suicidal foray againstthe Geman forces causingas
skie$to beat off the Luftwaffe and the Army is taking stock of much disruption and chaosaspossiblebefore being killed. The
vrhatthey haveleft to repel an invasion.Th€ averagestrengthof offic€r in command of thes€ units (Captain Peler Fleming)
a British infantry division at this time is only about 11,000men thoughtthat suchan effort would be "so ephemeral"asto be not
Oalf of what it should be) and therc are sixteen of these. wonh making. He put forward the suggestionthat, equrpped
vrith suitable hideouts, sufficient explosiv€sand radio equip
Betweenthem they can field: 54 2pdr anti-tank guns ment, the Auxilliary Units would be more effective, durable
2,3m Bren guns(enoughto and(with any luck) disruptiveto the enemyif they werecastin a
tuly equip 5 divisions) slightly ditr€rent role with a more permanent aim. He even
37 Armoured cars invented an ancient Chines€General with suitably sagacious
420 Field guns salngs to support his case! Subterraneanbunkers began to
395 Light tanks spreadthroughoutBritain- With a cbronicdearthof openspace,
72 Cruiser tanls such as that found in the desert, stealth and secrecywere to
substitute for speed and sweeping movements. Training
Thesefigures are not just those in Depots, they representall emphasised stealth, as one Auxilliary Unit's Intelligence
that can be pul into the field. Officer (Anthony Quayle) put it, he leamed to move as
The conmand rcsponsiblefor th€ defenceof the south coast noiselesslyandasinconspicuouslyasone of FenimoreCooper's
q/asXII Crrps. It wasmadeup of one Territoial Division, one Indians.
"almost motorised" Bdgade and 5,000dfle-armed stevedores. By tbe summerof 1940,there were about twenty Auxilliary
With very little artilery, even less ammunition and very low Units dotted throughout the country. They were basedabout
standardsof tlaining, this Corps was exp€ctedto defend the thirty miles intand from the projected bridgeheadsand about
coastfrom Greenwichto Hayling Island! GeneralThome, who thirty miles short of the filst project€d German objectives.
commandedthe area had no illusions about containing any Whether the Germanscould have achiev€dsixty miles in the
Germanlandings.lt was this offic€r who first sawthe merits of fiIst few daysof landing is the matter for another article. Each
leavingharrassingunits in the rear of anyGermanbridgeheadin Auxilliary Unit consistedof a "Striking Fo.ce" with a subaltem
order to disrupt their chain of supply and allow the rcgular and twelve regular soldiefi, later a wirelessset with operators
iorces time to fall back on the GHQ line. was added and some even had the luxury of a cle* and a
What most puzzled British armchak strategistsabout the storeman.Co-operatingwith this force were "cells" of specially
batde in Fnnce wasthe fact that oncethe Gemans had broken picked membersofthe Home Guard who were resourcefuland
tbrcugh the front line in France,they were able to roam at will knew intimat€ly their local countryside.Their cover story was
round the countrysrde.Had no-onedared to standup to them? that they w€re Home Guard with special duties at night and
Rumour said that no-onehad. To sucharmchairgenerals,who absolutesecrecywasenjoined by their commanders.Unfortu-
really did not understandthe realities of blitzkrieg, the idea of nately, their wives took "specialduties at night" to mean
atr uncontestedvacuumin the rear wasall wrong. To thosewith mistress€slIt wasnot until they knew the real purpos€of their
a suf6ciency aggressivewill, resistancewas centred on the husbands'nightly forays that their secretwas completely safe
Home Guard, which essentiallymadeup pan of the front line within eacbcommunity.Equippedwith dfles, submachin€guns
againstinvasion.Shouldthis ftont be pierced,the enemywould (probably early Stenguns or tommy guns from the USA), .45
have a bridgeheadand within ihis area would be exactly the automatics, sticky bombs and plastic explosives, these cells
samesort of vacuumwhich had existed on the continent. trained in their use and practised sabotage techniques,
The British army'seiperi€nce in guerrilla warfarewasalmost gradualy assurningresponsibility for the dumps of explosives
secondto none (alihough admittedly they had usuallybeen on set up for them as and when they b€cameavailable. Training
the receivingend), but their oxperiencewith Lawrenceand the wasprovidedfor by Major Colin Gubbins(kno\\n asGubbskiin
Arabs in the previous war had revealed the scaleof damage Poland when he trained the Polish underground) who wrote
which small forces could inflict on larger, less flexible variouspampbletssuchasPaftitan Leade6 Handbook, TheAn
Iormations. Inter oDthey taught the rest of OccupiedEurope of Guertilk Watarc and Hot,' to we High Explosives.I\en
what they hadl€amt andpractised.The possibilitiesof guerila hideoutsanddumpswere (at leastin the SouthCoast,wherethe
warfareoccupiedthe thoughtsof the GeneralStafi, who t€med threat of invasionwasmost likely) hidden in areasof woodlatrd
it "Sca[]'$,agging". The British General Staff th€refore pre- or scrub.They variedin desig! accordingto location, mostwere
fabdcateda resistatrcemovementbefore there wasanythingto underground.either buih by the Royal EDgineersor using
rcsist. This was done with high priority, to the extent that lhe €xisting c€llars. One cell used an eDlargedbadger'ssett! They
rcsistanceteamsrcceived explosivesand weaponsbefore the were all well stockedwith food and ammunition.
regular units. How effective these forces would have been, we wil never
General Thome saw that light forces left behind in the know. According to Peter Fleming, the main handicapof the
vacuumbehind the front line would help towards successfully Auxilliary Units was their lack of communications.The area
resistingfor any secondthnst that the invaden would be bound that eachUnit had to coverwasvast (often the sizeof a county)
to make. Any help, no matter how small, would be better than and the only s€cure means of communicationsbetween the
"stay-
none. From this strain of thought, a rcqutement for stdking force and its cellswould havebeenthrough messenge$
behind" panies was found, who were to harassthe €nemy as movingon foot at night, thusrenderingco-ordinatedactionvery
they prepared for the thrust on London. difficult. Whilst the leavesremainedon the trees (about seven
 weeks,or two to three weeksafter the projected invasiondale
of 21stSeptember)tbere was a chancethat the cellswould not
be discoveredunlessthere wasa major German effort to track
them down. But on the arrival of Autumn, low fling aircraft
would be able to spot the tracks leading to the hideoutswhich
would by then be well defined. Even more difficult for the
Auxilliary Units to resistwould havebeenthe threat of reprisats
againsttheir families. Such reprisals,as we know now, woutd
have been caried out eventually. Whether this tkeat would
havestrcngthenedor weakenedthe resolveof the cellsis a huge
imponderable.Even assumingthat the resistancecollapsedat
the threat of reprisals,it could havemetedout blowscompletely
out of proportion to its size pdor to tbis.
The Auxilliary Units were finally ordered to standdo\rn on
November 18th, 19,9. No public recognitionwasgiven aotheir that shoulddependon the sizeof the village. I suggestthat each
servicesand they disbandedsilendy and without the honours village provides no more than I averagedice roll of tpecial
due to them. They had volunteeredto be expendable in the dutymen' and that neighbouring villages can combine their
event of an invasion and now are mentioned only in passing. forc€sto provide bigger cells. The combinationsand siting of
They deserve a place both in our thoughts and in any eachcell andits hideout shouldbe left to the British player (with
wargameofOperationSealion.How thencanweusethem? We the Umpire'sconsent).
know roughly hol{ they were organised- a twelve manstriking The Germanswil be taskedwith the provision of sufficient
force controlled a variable numb€rof Home cuard cells- what suppliesof fuel, ammunition and men for the next staqein the
they were trained for and equippedwith, aswell aswherethey oftensive.The CermanplayerwiUrhusbesera 6gurei; ronsof
operated.As to theirlevelof training,theywouldbe proficient supplies and thousands of reinforcements which nust be
in their useof armsby September andmostof them,by dint of achievedbefore a certain date. Thesesuppliesnil arrive in the
theirtrades,*ould be morestealthythanmostpeople.Iwould pons in quantities to be determined by the Umpire. The
like to think that their morale would be relatively high as they German player wil of coune, not have enough transpon to
wereall volunteers.AspreadofN2, N3, G2, c3 t?es in acell moveall of a shipmentat once and so more than one dump will
for those who use }/ell r) ,alliSir rules is about right. b€necessary for eachitem.Wheretbesedump6aresiredisup to
Severalsuggestionscometo mind for wargaming.First is the the Germanplaye..Bear in mind tbe sizeof thesesites.An
raidcaniedout on thetable,topagainsta'soft'target.Thecells averageBritish dump ir the deserttook up six squaremiles of
madethorough rec.esof all tfie large housesin their areawhi€h Iand. Obviously those in Britain would be smaller, but would
lbey thought would be suitable as Headquartersfor ceman still be measurcdin acresand so require a fair force to guard
Generah and assassinationatt€mprswer; Dractised.Such an Inem,
attemptcould be played, or rnaybJthe placingof explosivesin a It then becomestbe task of the Auxilliary Unit to delay the
tanspon park for example. processof supplyaccumulationasmuch asis humanlypossible.
The Auxilliary Units really come into their own as pan of a They will haveonly a limited amounrof their own ammunition
rrDpaigD game recreatingOperationSeaLon.lf lhe whot€ and explosives,so if they wishto continuefor any lengthof time
qeration is to be played out then the British player should theymustrelyon captured(orstolen!)equipment.Eachactioo
nominatec€rtain areasascontainingAuxiliary Units (wirhout, can be fought as it occurs, the tablerop set out by the umpire
of coune, the Geman player knowing an,'lhing of this). They whether it be a raid on an airfield, an ambushor a cermatr
will only be activated when Gelman trooDs enter their area. sweep. I doubt whether any second echelon troops would
Then, asthe Cermanscollect thei supplieafor the main thrust contain Gestapounits (they would only comeover when there
the British can use thesec€lls to disrupt the supply gathering would be no risk to their lives) andsothe probability of reprisals
againstthe local population for a raid would be slim. However,
By using a local Ordnance Survey map of, say, Sussex,on the.question of a quislingor an informeris still a possibility.
which the hide-outsand cermany army units can be marked, Account must be taken of the difncdties of co-ordination
and a suitablesetof skirmish rules, a mini-campaigncanbe run between the various resistancecells. Perhapsif the cerman
in some detail. The major fighting units of each side wil be player does not thinl of it, then the British could still use tbe
considered"off map", thus the territory displayedwill be that local telephonenetwork. The fact shouldalso be bom€ in mind
al(eady occupiedby the ce.mans. In the area will be ceman that even second echelon cerman trooDs were 6rst class
s€condechelontrcops, mainly concemedwith supply, maiDte- fighting men, they woutd be counted in baitalions rarher than
nanceand staff work. Perhapsof Corpsstrengthand consisting indivlduals and would probably b€ bilered on rhe lo(al
of one Corps headquarten, one corps artillery unit (200mm populace, given the fact that STAY PUT orderc wer€
piecesand abovefor the siegeof London) and embryo supply continuallyissuedto the populaceby the Bdtish covemment in
dumpsfor two to three divisions.Eachdivision$ill havea dump order to preventrefugeeshinderingmilitary movements.Hence
lor fuel. aniilery ammuoition.smallarmsammunitioD, reDai; surprise,but not muchelse,would be on the sideof the Brirish
shops.veterinarianservicesfor tbe man) horseswhichit was in thiscampaignandthat only for a strictly limited period. For as
planned to bring over, bospitals, reinforcemenrstagingposts the weatherdeterioratesso the chancesof the Germansfindins
and communicationsc€ntresand aidelds all in the map's area the hideoutsbecomesgreater.
supported by suitable numbels of troops. Perhaps a small
number of elite parafoopers could be included; these would For turther details on the Auxiliary Units, I recommendthe
have beenin the first wave. but relieved sho(lv after the main following books:
force landings. Btitian Abne, lune 1940-Jun€ 194l by He$err Agar published
The sizeof the Auxilliary Unit, with regard to the numberof by BodleyHead 1972.
cells available and the number of men in each cell, should be Invasion 1940 by Peter Fteming published by Rupen Hart-
worked out asone cell p€r village if there is somewhercsuitable Davies1957.
nearbyto site the hideout. With regard to the sizeof eachc€ll, The Last Ditch by Daid Lamp€ published in 1968.
36

THELIGHTBRIGADEMARE
BUTCHER,
by Tim Cheeseman
l-ord Tennyson'spoem me Chargeof the Ligh Bngade, pays
tdbuteto the bnve menwho chargedheadlongto the Russianguns
at Balaldava136yearsago. But what of the animalsthat carried
them?A cavalryman'smostimportantpieceof equipmentwashis
Entrtrn '/A\

HORSE. We all knowof the appallinghumancasualties caus€dby NORTTII'EsT

this error but. a terrible 362 horseswere killed or had to b€ MINIATURE
destroyedbecauseof wounds.Somesourcesput the amounteven GAMING
higher.Life in the Cdmeafor the humanoccupantswasterrible. cot\'I,€i\TroN
For a hors€it waslitde short of shametuland mostdidnl live for
very lone.
A troop horse was normally under 15.2handshigh and of a
huntert)?e. They wereboughtwherevertheycouldbe found(but
usually at horse fairt between the age of 46 yeals. The Malt 78 7997 I AM till 'rlidflight
govemmentof the time would alow only I25 for a reginenfs Ma! 79 7991 9 AM tiII6 PM
remountsbefore th€ CrimeanWar, but much dependedon the
wealthandenterpris€of individualcommandingofficen. It is said
that Irrd Cardiganspentf10,000of hiso$,nmoneyeachyearon
the 1lth HussaJs, rnostof whichwenton buyingtop qualityhorses.
This gavethe llth an advantageat the War's beginning.When
conditionsin the Cnnean got bad,mostof theseanimalsalsodied.
Onehorseof the l3th Light Dragoonswasa marecalled'Butcher'.
Shewasa darkbay,slightlytallerthanavemge at 15.3h.h., bought
in 1850when the regimentwasstationedin N. Ireland. Shewas
giventhe numberof A36, bumedinto her nearfore hoof (asis the
Factice today). Her breedis not kno*n. but sheproved1obe a
very lough hone.
As war approachedin 1854,il wasrealisedthat manyremounts
would be needed.So. CaDtainNolanwassentto the Eastem
Meditemneantwo week beforethe r€stof the armysailed.Nolan
hirnselfwasa fine ho6eman,thoughdislikedby nany in the army
becausehe wasself-opinionated,strongwilled and arrogant.But animalshad on their back weighedabout 18ston€,it is amazing
for aI this he was alead of his time in the wayshe advocated that the Light Brigademanageda trot, never mind a gallop.
"Butcher"wasoneof the few decentho$esthe 13thhadby this
traininghonesfor tbe war- Whenhe anived in Constandnople he
bought250Turkishhorsesfor half the agreedhomeprice.but they nme, so shewasgiven to TrumpeterHarry Powell. Trumpeten
wereaI verysmal],only 14h.h. usuallywere givengey hones, but by autumn1854all the 13th's
Soon the British army were mounted on everlthing from grey hoNeswere either dead,Iame or ruined.
CossackandCapeponiesto Ambs andBarbs,but the re$ of stock Powellrodein thefront rank in the chargeandhe and"Butcher"
cameftom the EastIndianCompanyt studsin Madras.The horses $€re in the thick of it from stanto finish.A musketballglancedoff
that chargedat Balaklavawerenothinglik€ the sleekcreatureswe his tunic, nickinghis neck."Butcher" wassbotin the upper right
seein paintingsby LadyButler andCatonwoodville. Theywerein fore leg. Although shewasseriouslywoundedshedid not uns€at
truth halJ-starved,shaggymated and half trained. As for the her rider but broughthim safelyba€kftom thejawsof hell to all;ed
horsesftom Englandmany perishedaboardship when the seas lines.In facl Powellonly noticedthe marewaswoundedwhenshe
becameloo rough. Many thrashed about franticaly only to beganto stiffenup whilenusteringafterwards.Shewasoneoflhe
becomeexhau\red andfa[ In 6e'r linesanddrd lucky ones: only 44 of 128horsesof the 13th Light Dragoons
It hasto be saidthoughlhat the soldien who rode them had a suMved the charge.As the war finally cameto an end in Maich
geat dealof affectionfor theseanimals.One suchpivate Mitchel 1856lhe13thLight Dragoonsweresenthomeon th€ steamer
of the l3th Light Dragoonsdescribeshow his regimentwould Assistance,wirh lm horses(only 8 of thesehad sailedwith rhe
spendtheir sparetime coaxingtheir mountsto eatby bathingtheir regrmenttwo yearspreviously)."Butcher" wasoneof these8, still
tucesin vinegarand salt water. fit and going we[. W]en the regiment landed at Portsmouth,
Butcheranivedin Turkey in fairly goodshapeandhereshes€t Queen Vicloria was there to inspect them, showing as much
out on Lord Cardigan'sride in the DanubeValley. In June 3m interestin the animalsaswell asthehumansurvivonof rhecharse.
'I
mileswerecoveredin 17daysin temperatures in excessof lmF. Of o everyone ssurprise lheregiment wa.orderedrosailtorLel;d
the 2m horseswhichsetout on this. 5 died and75nore wer€fit for that evening;the long suffering 'Butcher" w€nt as well
"Butcher" siayedwith the 13thfor the next l7 yean, 3 of which
no nore thanlight duties.The onesthat did survivehadto go on
anotherBlack Seavoyageto the Crimea.This made the horses werespentin Canada.Shewasretiredfiom activeservicein 1868,
even thinner and as monthswore on forage,espeqaly hay, was but remainedon light dutieswith the regimentfor severalmore
alwaysin shortsupplywhenthe armywasencanped-The numbing yeaJrs. In 1873the regine receivedorden to sailfrom Englandto
coldprovedasfatalasintenseheatandwhena horsedroppeddead lndia. 'ButcherThe CrimeanMare asshehadbecomeknownwas
the othe$ tetherednearit would gnawthe hair flom its skin. In now 25 yearsold and it was decidedthat she had eamed her
truth theywould eat anl,thing- saddle,tentsandrop€s.Suchwas retirement.QueenVictoriawasapproachedandacceptedher asa
their hunger,aswe[ asthe biting andkicking thai went on while gift from the 13th.The marewasthe only equinesurvivorof the
tbey were tethered in lines, they were in an appalling state. charge19 y€a$ before. Butcher was kept at Windsor in geat
Consideringthis and the fa€t that the rider and equipmenttbese comfort and shedied rhereDeacefullv4 vearslater.
38

THEBRITISHARMYIN EGYPT
by StephenEde-Borrett

INTRODUCTION adopted these during the campaign. The tbr€e battalions of

Sepoysfrom India wore no trousersor breechesbut a peculiar
The Egyptiancampaignof 1801was,for the British Army, swift white breechcloth affair which camedownonly to the top of the
and startlingly succ€ssful. thigh.
After a seri€sof r€heanals at Mamarie Bay in Asia Minor Officially officers *ere supposedto wear the cockedhat still,
the British vanguardled by Major GeneralSir JohnMoore (the but contemporaryillustrations and accountsmate it clear that
futu.e victor of Corunna) stormed ashoreat Aboukir Bay od the geat majority quickly adopted the round hat, which was
March 8th.' The Army had already beendivided into Brigades alsowom by all ranks of tbe 61stFoot (ftom the Cape)and the
and in the initial landings Moore's ReserveBdgade lost 31 20th. 24th. 25th and 26th Foot from lndia and De Roll's. The
officers and 642 other ranks killed and wounded - heary other battalions in the main wore the 1800patt€m stovepipe
casualties, particularly when compared to the rest of the shako, although againthere is someevidencefor the round hat
canpaign. (SeeTables 4 & 5.) beingwom or adoptedby battalionsnot origmally issuedwith it.
The march on Alexandria, which beganon March 13th was Many grenadier companies,the fusilier regimentsand drum-
effected in three columns: me|s in most regim€ntswore the grcnadier cap. Plumeswere
The Right, pamlel to the Sea- S John Moorc's Reserve white over red for the centre companies,green for the light
The Centre- Craddock's,Cooke'sand the Guards'Brigades companies and *hile for grenadiercompades.
led by the 9fth Foot. Th€ Highland regiments,asmight be expected,wore kilt and
The Left - Cavan's& Stuan's Brigadesplus one battalion of bonnet with the shorter doublet-like coat.
Marines ftom the fleet, led by the 92nd Foot. De Watteville's had a dark green coat with black collar and
The fbst encounter with the French Army took place at cufls and greentumbacksedgedblack. The cut of this coatwas
Mandora on the first day of the march andcost Abercromby 60 similar to that of the Austrian Army of this time - or inde€dto
officeE and 153 other ranks killed - the high proportion of the Kleber OrdinanceCoat.2The breeches*ere bdght blue and
officen lost is interesting,but I haveno explanationfor it. Both 1lom with short cali length black gaiters.The regimentalshako
the 90th and the 92nd received"Mandora" as a battle honour was also unique being light gey, very slight bell-shaped,atrd
for this action. with a black edge-braidedyellow band around the lower third.
Ofle of the geat€st problemsfor Abercromby at this time was Grenadiershad a red cockadeand loop with a white feather.
the shortageof horses,asTable 1 shows.This problem wasnot The light companyhadthis all in geen, the cente companiesall
rectified until after the Battle of Ale&ndria when the black.
Mamelukesjoined Abercromby in increasingnumbers. Esti- The ChassewsBritannique'suniform compriseda dark geen
dates put thef numbers at about 2,m0 cavalry ftrlus some coat in a stylethat is bestdescribedlike that wom by the Duchy
2-3,000Turkish foot) by April 5th, and another body of over of Wa aw troops in c18078, gr€y breecheswith shon black
2,000 cavalry joined in May. These numbers are substantial gaite6, and a black stovepipeshako.All belts, etc. were black,
whenit is realisedthat the whole Army numberedbarely 15,000 all buttons and platessilver or pewler. The regrmentwasissued
effectivesat the outset of the campaign. with rifles and was true light inJantry. Ofhcers wore the round
It makesan interestingfootnote to this successfulcampaignto hat.3
note that after ejecting the Frcnch Eg]'pt was rctumed to The CorsicanRangerswere another unit of rifle armed ligbt
Turkish hands- only for the Governmentto attemptto seizeit inJanEy and again drcssed accotdingly. In app€arancethe
back in 1807.The latter campaignwas not, to understateit uniform was effectively ttat of the 60th Foot, but with r€d
somewhat, a great successand Eg)?t remained part of the facingsto the coat. Breech€swer€ gley andthe belts,etc. black.
Turkish Empire. A1l buttons w€re silver/pewter.4
lrwenstein's Jasersis a more obscureunit. It was also rifle
ORGANISATION armedtight inlantry andsoprobablywore a uniform akin to that
The theoreticalestablishmentof a battalion of Foot (for the fell/ of the Corsican Rangers,although it is known to have wom
Horse in Egypt seeTable 3) was 10centrecompadies,and t\to round hats throughout the Eglptian campaign.The coat was
flank companies(one grenadier and one light), plus a smal dark grey-geen, facedgreenwith all beltsblack andbuttons the
Battalion staff. usual silver/pewter.Breecheswerc grey-greenand wom with
Each Companyhad, again theoretically (and Table 3 sho\rs short black gaitels.
how far apafi were iheory andrcality), 4 offic€rs, 5 sergeants,2 The artilery wore blue coats faced red. A uniform little
drummers,5 coryorals and 95 privates. different from that wom in the Peninsula.
The Light Dragoon regimentswhich servedwith Aberoom-
by were uniformed in a blue jacket with regimental facingson
TJNIFORMS collar. cuffs and tumbacksand lac€ acrossthe front. Headwear
Nearly all the battahonsof Foot engagedin EgyPt, including was the Tarleton' helmet.sBelts, etc. were white, aswere the
Dillon's, Stuart'sMinorcans,De Roll's and the Sepoys,worc breeches. The sadalleclothwas edged in regimental facing
'Napoleonic' cut - Tabl€ 6 sets out colour. (SeeTable 6 for d€tails of facings.)
red coats of the nomal
derailsof facings.etc. Hompesch'sMounted Rifles or Light Dragoooswaslhe only
Most units wore white or light grey trousersover, or m place foreigD cavalry regiment to serve with Ab€rcromby and its
of, white breechesand short black gaiters De Roll's, and uniJormwasquite unusual.The j acketwasmid greenwith a red
po$siblythe61st,woregleyor *hile Saiterlrcuserssuchashad plastron ftont, collar and cuffs. Red breechesand stovepip€
been DoDulardurinq lhe American War o[ IndePetrdenceshako, with a white and ted plume. Black belts, buttons, etc.
wentvvearsearlier--tbereis alsolhepossibilitylhatolherunits yellow. The shabraquewasgreenwith a red van-Dyked edge.
Table I
The Cavalry upon Dis€mbarkation, March Eth, t801
Reimml Otrc€rs NCO'5& M€n Hors€s
flte AAfinflatunes
T6|.prEft (6oa) 5.3ooss .ghsg &,€€k6nds onry
lllh Light Dragoons(6) 4 55 6l r rh q!.rrv 2!Dn mr!.m rb
12thLighr Dragoons 8 5n 128
26thLightDragoos 19 413 131
(Plusan atlocationof 64 ho$es for the artilery.) frffiffik
E ir;'*;i;;-r'i
rs.ffi.ffi, P*r'
}e-!e

Table 2 *gsr:* *ffi,#*

A€-n
The Army's organisationupon dis€mbarkrtion,March 8th l80l
Commanderin Chief: Sir R.lph Abe.cromby ill!E:E:i. jmfl "H;iH.
CavalryBrigsdel EmffHf JrH;*"
11thLight Dragoons.one troop (attachedto bdgadeonly)
12th Light Dragoons
26th Light Dragoons
Hompes€h's MountedRifles(2 or 3 Troopsonly present)
Gusrds Bri$de - Mqior G€neralLudlow
1stBattalionColdstreamRegt. of Footguards
1stBattalion3rd Regt. oI Footguards
B'r.c.o
lst Brigad€ - Major General Coote
2nd Battalionlst or Royal Regt. of Foot
1st Battalion 54th (West Norfolk) Foot
2nd Battalion54th (Westnorfolk) Foot
92nd(Highland)Foot
MINIAT hY3-.W
BRIANHOLLAND,40CHIJRCHROAD,UPPERMILL,
2nd Brigade- Mqjor G€neral Craddock SADDLEWORTH,OLDIIAM, OIJ 6EL,ENGLAND
8th (The Kingt Regimen0 Foot T€leDhorc:
04578706,16
l31h(lst Somersetshire) Foot
lSth (The Royal l.ish) Foot
90th Perthshire Volunteen IBV REtr SeS SP||tFlt I FotEOtC
3d Brigad€- Mqior GeneralLord cavan Rft E dgi dElho slo'@ld SMr Fqil€o -'L*16 D. Famrxb Vll'
50th (West Kent) Foot BlOl? Anjlky ddvq, *fiip qbid€d
79th Foot (CameronianVolunteen) ENCj3 Alljl|dt dri6, *nip Et dd. Ui FONI DETIIII
J.di€l & t!gl: lightblu€,nd cdlr aid
4th Brigade- Mqior C€n€ral DoJle
$dror 8la.k Ed adgh4{art top,
znd or Queen'sOwn Royal Regt. of Foot lcw ELC SES
1s1 Fd pompdn,rd co*adoabo6ta pd€
30th(Canbridgeshire) Foot
,'4th (East Essex)Foot
89thFoot t tEt uxEs0FtltEcunD
FFEtrcHll|tOLEOitC
rNz OidGuad0fi6 inlEl cod
sth Brigade- Major G€n€ralJoh Stu.rt
Stuart's Minorcan Regiment
De Roll's SwissRegiment of Infantry
EdwardDillon'sEmig6 Regimentof Infanrry
[all OrderSgrvlceAvallable
Res€rveBrigad€- Sir John Moor€
8rd (Royal Wetch Fusili€n) All ajor Ciedn CardsAccqned
28th(North Gloucestershire)Foot Unit Pdceon WdttenReou6t
42nd (The Royal Highland) Foot Send50o and S.A.E.tor PrlceLlst
58th(Rurlandshire) Foor or t1 .00lor Prlc€Llst and Sampb
40th (2nd Somersetshire)Foot - 4 companiesonly
Conican Rangers
An ery:
24 x 6pdr gunsin 4 batteries
16 x 12pdr gunsin 3 batteries T.bIe m: Shrtrgth RcturDsof the C.vrlrt, Feb^te lEor (7)
6 x 5%" howitzers
Regt. u.trL.D. t||h L.D. 26thL.D. HooF.h's
SicgeTrain: Toral I 554 510 156
4 x 12pdrguns Sick 3 7 4 a n
20 x 24pdr guns Fitfor Duty 49a 4n 406 tzs
2 x 10" howitze$ ? 7 1 0 2
10 x 8" howitzen 3 2 5 35 10
18 x 5%" monars OM 5 8 0
10 x 8" monars Staff 4 0
12 x 10' monars l 5 4 2
3 6 7 2
De Watteville's Swiss Regiment of infantry, Irwenstein,s Caprain t 4 l 2
Jage6 and The ChassewsBritannique arrived a coupleof days Major 2 1 1
after the initial force - the first two went into Stuart's brigade Lt. Col. I 2
andthe Chasseurs into Moore's. Colonel 1
TIt* IV: Slr.r€il R€tr$ ollt€ looa,IebfilNh 1E0r(?)
ReSt Color€l Ll.Col. Wo Clplritr lirt. EisitE Si.tr Sergerd,Dr|ttDEElnfordut S& Torrl
Cofdtrearn 2 11 1 4 32 t2 641 m3 850
Bngade FoolCds
G@ds 3rd Foot 39 13 544 318 K2
Cueds
Zlst Fool 4 9 3 2 3 6 16 4fl 178 658C8)
1sr t54tl 5 1 1 6 2 2 9 15 362 n5 5?(.E)
Brigade 2154r\ 3 1 1 6 4 3 1 12 3{t W 540(.E)
Marines 8 2 i 0 5 n 16 380 79 49
8rh 4 t z z 4 A l9 %1, 110 471
2nd llrh 5 1 1 1 2 3 4 6 22 v5 334 710
Bdgade tori 3 8 6 5 E 13 359 109 4t6
90rh 1 1 0 2 35 13 138 295 743
2mtd 2 t 6 8 5 9 9 5 3 % 6 t s
3rd 50tn 2 3 1 5 3 5 n rr N7 109 516
Brigade 79n l 0 6 9 5 4 q 15 572 150 72,
2nd 2 9 1 6 6 4 4 1 19 513 59 5n
30rl 1 5 1 1 3 5 3 3 t9 359 5t 4n
Bngade 44rh 4 1 0 2 4 X $ n 0 6 7 ? 9 '
39rh 2 9 l l 3 3 9 n yl 4 gl
7 1 5 6 6 4 4 2L M 218 925
5rh De Ro[\ 5 4 5 4 4 1 m 4t2 t9 514
BriBad€ DiIotrt 3 4 6 4 4 1 l8 385 t6l
23rd 5 1 5 0 4 v t2 x2 169 531
2Ald 6 1 2 5 5 3 0 10 438 156 594
42nd 2 6 4 3 3 0 18 466 4It6 8f2
50th E 9 5 4 2 9 13 357 tB 485
a0th(a @ys) 3 3 2 2 t 4 186 41 27
1 4 0 1 1 0 2 168 45 2r1
nad 6 1 1 5 6 X t2 373 1m 543
An e.y 570a[ Raots
42
Li,lGV: Csl&s hcartd bt ttMXrgrtl rlgimll.
siverar€lor:
Figur€s
/ Md tiled / M€ni'oulded
Ofrcershited/ Offrc€nwound€d 1-;'rl{f \
regid.rt

lr$LD
l2thLD
26th1-D
RoyalAn.
Coldstred
JrdFc
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00/5/40
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0008
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U5t11169 lnu4
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uu4!14
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51$(borh Brs) 124117 0nL3B1 1J!4t4E 0l2ur4
Y2ad - 0/llrl0/ll0 U2'i137
Etb u6flu65 lwn
13rl l8r''dln o,tlt/l
lEtn llw45 00/0/1
$th tnn9nl4 0/0/0/1 89dr Black Pais Cild
50th uu589 0t4LB1 90rlt Buff PaiB C{ld
79th 0a/8/58 UUn| g d Yelow Pais Silvcr
Yelov ReCular Silv€r
zjd uarr4 0w10 De RoU! Skyblue Pair6,ftiryed Silver
3()ln 1tz2l6 0tz4D4 Dilon's Y€llow Bstior, rcgtnd Silver
44rI \nD.tp. 0/1/l/15 Black Silver
89r! lnfft ll2nJn D. Wan€ville's Blact Cold
2itd 0t?,t$38 0Nz4 w 5t14 Ctaiqm Blact
n6 aa5B4 utgt2i u4Dw$ DarLgeen
4tud uu2uua 0tv 12 4a/48453 BombayN.L Yelfl Regular SilY€r
58tl 1 ru4s $finJ9 lA)tD B€rgrl N.I. Blue? Rcgule
40th 1 t'Bl wu2 uv4n Spae sadlydoe' nol alo* for exacrdes.riptionsof th€ tarious colour€d
!oms' qhich ranlhmughlh€ Reginentalpattemsof lac€of lhis period.
TrbleYl: Relnedrl Fxiqs
TrbL Vnr Reiitoradentt d'dIg lt ..n!.i8.
Reh. ro.irgs O.t.s t@ Otr ! Llcr
8thL.D. Red White Silv€r Iton hdi:
l1rhL.D. Buff White Silver 8|I Ught Dragooos
12thL-D. Paleyeloe White Silver 10th,80th,86th,88thFmt
Z2ndL.D. R€d mite Silvet Bo0bayNativeInldtry (1 Bln.)
r[L.D. Blue Wiite Siher B€rgalNaliverDfantry(1 Bb.)
HonFFh\ R€d None Gold
Iru th Cqel
R.&tilery R€d Baliotr, Eg.y€lloP Gold 61stFoot
R.Edgineels Blact Gold trlon l.rio||l M.diL.rsn Sirtionr:
Gold 22odUght Drcg@6
Coldst€an Blu€
2oth,24th,25th,%th F@t
3rdF.G. Blu€ Gold
Blue Cold
zid Blue ReCular Silver
8r[ Blue Regular Gold
10rh Regular SilYer NOTES
13lt Pans Silver 1. Th€ date of March 4th given in me French CampaigniD
18rh Blue Pai6 Cold EqWL Palt I (w1.34) is, after fiuther research,incorecl.
n$ Silv€r 2. A good accountof this rcgiment and its uniform appearsin
23td Bluc Cold Military ModeliDg, Augtst 1981.
24tn Silv€r
3. SeeMilitary Mode ing for Ocrober 1987.
25rl Darky€Iov Bstio!, r€gular Gold
4. SeeWitary Mode ing for December 1987.
2fih Uglt yelow Pairs Silvd
ztt\ Buff ReeuLr Cold 5. This helmetis traditionaly saidto be the only wholy Britisb
28th Brightyeloq Pain Snver military headwearever wom.
30th Paleyelow Baslioq regular Silver 6. One troop only of this Regiment was present. The troop
il0r[ Buf ReC"lar Cild servedas the C-in-C's escort.
Ar\d Blue Baslion,
regdar Cild 7. I havebeenunableto ascertainthe exactdateofthis muster-
441! Reeolar Silver it is certainly before the actual landings.
50lI Blacl Pain Silver 8. The discrepancf in numbe$ for these Regiments is
vth Bdfhl grcer Pain Silver
accountedfor in the men left on Malta.
5EtI Blrct R€gular Gold
6lst Buff Regular SiIver
?9rl Dek grer Cold
&xh YeIo* Pairs Cold
86ll YeIN Pairt SilYer
EEIT Ught yeloq ?ai$ SilY.r
 43

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suoDortedtne ranrs tlen the aclual
rodrlall dub!, ih;rlr $mdhrng bad
lle y€a. 2000not only sar lhe sta.l oi 'ArmslrorgYickers'set
a team of
a ner cdrtury il aho sar the bir|I dI a e$ineers & scientistct rork ah.r
coic€pl rn hand reaoon, ras Droduced
T€ani or Dlarer,r bodv arhdur and
heln€ts rilea the srreric
T-he
''No
onlt rule lecme
Funan Ute h To Bd Talen The roles becoDereversed,tI. stadium
This heant $e DlorcF
DloreF had to iear thidb bad beenNed lor playingsddder
sone tlTe
some tlTe of bodJ arnour. British
or boar;rnour. British
Ae.ospace
adapt€dthei. sDacesuits trtb tn. us€ ot noln;Dhic ard.o.ueras
in the ealrrr;ars. ihe rboleor tbe gdazobe is nooitored
Noi leadingcompulorand robtic
o r g a b a l a r o nssr e s p o o s o n naab d o r n
o1. m o s to I r n e t € a m sa n d s o p r o e i d e. l l
Tb€ dnlr rar tist ttre trer lme
re,€bbled lhe old rrs the use oI a bdll
abd qoal.It rrstr't lo4 belore
''Streit Foothall h..r;r lhr nod
The nost recdntinnovatioDto the lame
is the iDtroductionof droid5,a conDute popularspo.i throtrghouttle torld,
cotrtrolledsEth.tic Dlaverrhose sole
IJ eetFootball luction is to iin th; !ane. Tnd are
ibpossiblelo spor by visual Dea;s
and a plaJef has to use all his stil md StreetFootball
judsbent in order to indenrib U.h.
IDI .12
E A Set of' t Rules
e f u dnd uour
{erclani rdrentu* hall

8l 14Prare.s& rur4 5.95 inc P & P

REDCAX 2nd Udch R€dcu lorl
SEET.TIELo 16/17 {dc[

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 Range
TheC)NNOISSEUR Figures
by PeterGilder

THE EASTER WEEKEND

seesthe Grand Opening of our new Showroomarrd Wargame Shop.

NEW FIGURES to b"."l"usedoutheweekend

include:
SWEDISH NAPOLEOMC
THE MAMELTJKES
-I,ANDSKNECHTS
Plus many other special 'One OITs'to complementall of our ranges
All frgures at a 207oDiecount
First Foot Co. Painting Service are on hand to sort out any of your painting queries
Also: Ilovels with their exteusive range of resin buildings
and the W.L photographer
A WEEKEND NOT TO BE MISSED
* Open 8 am till Late
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ConnoisseurFigures
20aCoaslalRoad,Burniston, N.Yorks,YOl3oHR
Scalborough,
Far: Tel:(0723)870741

Opposite, top: 25mmConnoisseurFiguresNapoleonics,painted by Doug Masonof Filst Foot Co. Painting Service.Th€seare
"Jed" Cronin's collection, photogaphed at Mike Inghan's WargamesHoliday
Neapolitan troops ftom Cenre.

fthEUROPEAN
CMMPIONSHIP
OFWMGAMING
I99IMMON
THE SHOW.
PANTTZAN'92 PARIS20th.2lst APRIL
Sdturddy, June lst ANCIENTS:'WR-G.
ruls : 7th Edition' + offfcialsamendment
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THE GROVE SPORTSCENTRE. Doinr! : 1.500Do'nts
LONDON ROAD, MI\IA.R[ ;rmy tsls : BooksWR.G. 1-2-3
cqmes byi Mo* AIen & Gory Chqlk MEDIEVAL:'W.R.G.
rules : 6th Ediuon'+ of{icialsamendments
Bill Gqskin & Roger Needhonl Colin Runtord; sale :25mn
John T, Tuckey ('Hcve gome; will trcvel')j Doinb : 1.250Doints
Andy Copestqke & olher bold Dulhqm men; ;rmy lists : Books-W.R.G. 2-3 Army lislsno.91 to 180
(hopefuly) The Perry Twins; RENAISSANCE:
rules : 'W.R.G.2nd Edilion' + officialsmendments
the Connoisseur crowd; scale : 15mm
Horry Hcrison & other Hullensions; points : 1,600points
amy lisri : ArmylislsW.R.G.(betu/eenyea6 1580to 1650)
the Guys llom Grimsby;
NAPOLEONIC:
the chaps llom Cqrltonle-Wlllows, rul€s : 'Newbury
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arnendnents
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p'oinrs : 2.250 wir,E
Uore delqlls n6rd monlh armylists : Amy listsNewbury+ modiffcauons
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 PnoslrMslNPnoNoroGY
Ar.ro
EwuolocYlNAncrrurNonsr
By ProfessorOle Botsrcmm,Head of Military History, Univercityof Caithness

Many of my students find difficulty in understanding the endearm€nt, thus raising the South Nolsk score to a more
motivation which drove ancientnordic sea-farersto leavetheir respectable3. This gaverise to the '?t&rod controversy"which
farms and crossdaDgerousseasto seek an unc€rtain fortune rag€d through academiccirclesin the eighties.Her contention
lritb only rudimentary navigationdevices.Their mentality was was largely retuted by ProfessorLarc Engstrom in his study,
so different ftom ouls. that modem men can have little true Blaugelt ik Hi:orike Frcatdr (Spending Histodcal Research
understanding of what led them to create their haphaz.ird Money While You Still Have Some.) Engstrommaintainedthat
p*rod was in fact an insult. His argumentwas that the word
ln this article I intend to showthat many of the cluesto their could b€ traced into an agicultural term in modem Danish.
behaviourlie in linguistics.I filst consideredthis whilst studying Pslrod, is a term usedby farmersto describethe smallbox,
Inuit, the language of the Esquimaux. They have eighteen or sometimesbaleof hay,which is put und€r the fe€t of pigswho
different words for snow, whilst for example,English hasonly are loo s'mallto seFic€ sowsproperly. He maintainsthat this
three: snow, sleet and slush. Naturaly a societywhich spends was used to denigrat€ Norsks who, instead of using the
mostof its life surroundedby snowwill needa wealthof termsto traditional methods of courting women - prowessin battle, a
describeit without rcsorting to clumsy constructionssuch as,
"thin powdery snowwhich is crusty on top and soft under keen *eapon and not washingfor six months- would resort to
the using money.
surface."ID lnuit, this is simplyreferredto as'usqhat'.The
phenomenonof the dialectical relationship betwe€nlanguage The prevalenceof tems of torture in South Norsk showsa
and culture was extensivelystudiedin the ancientworld. With ichness of laflguagelost to us today. My favourite term for
Rome's domination of the mediterranean came intimate maiming, (if indeedfavourite canbe usedin this context) is the
contactwith the Hellenistic (Greek) world. The two languages wod kri"ttnunnbosga which means, "To molest a monk's
had their strengthsand weaknesses which were remarkedupon nether regionswith his own clucifix". Tbis practicebecameso
by ancientscholars.Grcek wasunsurpassedin its fl€xibility for widesFead and gainedsucha socialstandingthat it gaverise to
dealing with abstmct concepts and philosophy. (Philosophy the papal bull of L€o III, 'De Cloacibus',in 911, which
beingof coursea Greek word.) Therewere no latin equivalents proscribedthe useof crucifixes,breviariesand candlesfor like
for sophron,elencthusor crrfc, In contrast,latin wasusefulfor
military terms but especiallygood for plumbing. Even today However, sornepeople are we aware of the high level of
there is no word in the Greek languagefor u-bend. violencein No6k societies.I wasvery impressedduring a visit
to my nearestwargamesclub, Dingwal Demons. They had a
Norsk culture was much concemed with warfare and well res€archedand accumteset of rules which demonstrateda
violence. This is reflected in the language,especially when
level of scholarlyinterestin the period which wasalnost asdeep
contrasted with words of affection or terms of endearment.
Below is a table which sets out how the different norsk Their battle simulatedconflict betweena North Nolsk army
languagescompare, together with Anglo-Saxon and modem
and an Irish foe. The Norsk troops were alnost entirely elite
English. The three branchesof the Norsk tongue, Northem, 'baresarks'meaningbare-fac€dor young unruly v.,arriors.One
(which becamemod€m Norwegian,) Eastem, (which became
tum found the baresarksstanding,talking idly, fingering rheir
Swedish)and Southem, (which hansmuted into Danish and shieldsand comparingscars.The next tum, aI eight hundredof
Icelandic), each have varying word counts for the different them simultaneouslybecane driven by a mad battle fury, and
categones. *hilst still mainiaining formation, swepttheir opponentsftom
l-anguage Words for Words for Terms of the board. It's nice to seethat historical researchis still worth
death torture affection
Modem English 4 5 56
Anglo-Saxon 5 8 12
North Norsk 25 $ 9 lltlalcolrrr R.olllngl
East Norsk 20 21 4 [email protected]
A res ruge ot esir H0/0o Wargue
South Norsk 18 45 2 BrT&nrRliD
B,wrnG€neeldE.p
Perhapsth; first thing that this table showsis ho$ in its change B { 'r,r/n D"M l.r-,w p*".- B \wYI F*nchr !oE} Buk.'
from Anglo-Saxon,Engish givesevidenceof a morecaring,less a s wwllsaldbd An.lls EdD
violent society. B z vrwr F,*ard o&a*"6" Eme Bt6 raF DbFdHd
The second most startling statistic is the lack of terms of
affection in South Norsk. Scholarscould not believe that the
figure could be so low. fur extensivesearchfor ftagmentsof 82.5.6, 12- ears sh, Er6 - t4$ S17- 46.15
South Norsk sagaswas taken up by the Dansk Historik€ P&P(Un tt.es I.l o'ds
Atrdgeblatte, rcsulting in the re-discoveryof two fiagments of M, Ro[irg, 37 shtewsbury Fields,
Pdrssagabeing used as fish wrapping on the island of Shffnal, Shtopshite, lf1l 8AN
Bjomholrn. But this find led to controversy. Tel: 0952 '160587
Doctor Kate Tumer, (De Beauvoir Fellow, University of Tlade Etrquines Welcol$e
L€wisham.)maintainedin her hook, Bbod Guih, Met8truation
in *e Da* Ages, that the word p/<6ol was in fact a term of
 1J

NORTHERNMILITAIRE'90
As joint organisers of the aboveshowwe wouldlike to make
one or two commentswith regardto the reviewof the abovethat
KEEP WARGAMING
Pauland TeresaBailey
was printed in lvf4r. The Keep
It wouldbe possible to fill manypageswith an iD-depthreply, Le MarchantBarracks,LondonRoad,
but I am sure readers do not buy this publication to suffer Devizes,wiltshire,SN102ER,UK
personalvieqoints. we do not penonally know Mr Good, in Tel & Fax (0380)724558
fa€t we feel it would have been courtesyfor him to have made
himselfknown to one of us andth€n, hadhe wantedto, he could
hav€beer regailed}rith interestingfactsregardingthe showswe We shallb3.t thefollowins showsin the nearlulore:
have attended and organisedhere and abroad over the last
twenty yeals. However this will never be; he is not to attend 2ndl3rdlvlar feveille, Bislol
againuntil thereis a greatimprovemert,whichisverynegative, studentsunion Euildins
for how wil he know of any imprcvements?Perhapsone of the 11rhlvlar W MidlandlvlilMod Show,Walsall
AlumwellCommunityCentre
very manypeoplewho commentedfavouably to uson the show 'l7lh/'l8lhlvlar SheffieldTiples
wil keep him informed. Th€ Octagon
We set out at NORTHERN MILITAIRE to make a profit. OFNC|ALMINIFIGSSTOCKST
We alv,/ayshave and hope to continue to do so in its best Fisures
interests.we havelostout from time to time,hencethe reason Nliniatu.eFigurines:All 1smmand most25mm€ns€s & RalPanha
for movingaroundwhenthe hal feeshavebeenincreased. It Hercics& RosFisures& BoundwayNliniatures - all ngurc 6n9es
maycomeasa bit of a shockto Mr Good if we hadto include Dixonslvliniatures-All 15mm &25mmranges,lllLR-selected Enges
otherreasonswhy we left one goodvenue- Triron,Davco& Fircfight- selededranges.
Nawvar& Naismith- selectedranges.
There is now much competition to NORTHERN MILI-
TAIRE, our editor tells me he attendedtwenty-sevenshowslast Books& Aobs
year. I won't tell you whosewashis mostprofitable on balanc€, WargamesResearch Grcup; TabletopGames;NewburyFules;
Ospreylvlenat Arms; Elite;Vansuard& CampaignSei€s; Saider;
but Mr Goodshouldaskhim. Therearenow ihirty-plusshows lvl.O.D.Games;Anschluss;ActiveSeruicePressi
per year. WhenMr Good left schoolandbecame'fired up' at his plus selectedtitlesfrom manyother publishers.
first NORTHERN MILITAIRE there were about folrl good Now backin Stock- EmpirePublications!
ones,includingthe Model EngineerExhibition in London. New EmpneNapol€onicBules- t24.50
Does he know that there were upwardsof twenty five military New EmpireAncientBules- f24.50
standsat that showaDdSundayqueuesof four or five hundred Napoleon'sGrandAmee of 1813- !24.50
yardsnot long ago!Now thereare no queues,attendance this TradeEnquiriesw6lcomel
year was down 50%, and only one military modelling fader WehavesomeotherEmpircbooksinslockandfurthertitlesonorde
determined to hangon to keeptheflagflyingfor old timessak€, For detailspleasetelephoneor sendan s.a.e.or 2 IRC's
to the addressgivenabove.
andthatin the moreaffluentSouthEast.Surelythatreflectson
our show.Also. rememberthiswasthe first at thisvenue.We Terain & Model Buil.lings
IniesralTerainj K&lVTreesiHovels{resin);
had to overcomeanyprejudicetheremay havebeenwith the Mainly lvlilitary(iesin),
hirers; not everyone goes overboard for military shows! We H.dcove. Design{cad};
havehadour shareof PeaceMovementpeopleproblemsin the D6per [4odels(15mmNapoleoniccardbuildinss)
past,but I am pleasedto saythat the showmadea very good 6.g9pml. VISAandACCESS
ShopopenTuesSat{10.00am Accepted
impressionon the hirers - so muchso that tfte fee is to go up for
Post.9e
this year'sshowon 2nd & 3rd November19911 UnitedKinsdom- pltls'10%;Overf30 PostFree
We are sorry about the signing, Mr Good. The way to the Airmail E!rope - Add 30%
show was signed, but vandalsripped them down. It wi cost RestofWorld - Surface:Add 30%; Aimail: Add 60%
morethisyearto havethemprofessionally doDe,out of reach.
Perhapsif all who shouldpay to get into the ha[ did so it would
help to offset any extra expense.
FIGURES PAINTED lo
Regardingthe wargames:I must saythey were excellent at Send SAE or lwo IRCS for price list to: D. Seagrove,The l-ast
last year's show, well discipline_d,clean and tidy and run by Detail, 196 Parlaunt Road, Langley. Slough, Berkshire, SL3
people who could and wer€ preparedto answerall questions. 8AZ.
wlat did you think in the old dayswhen gamersusedto have
beer glassesand curry trays etc. all over the tables?It did not Incidentaly Roger Bigg has exprcsseda desire to keep his
help to project a good impressionof the hobby to the general standin the restaurantand bar arca! After all it is big €noughto
public. cater for hun&eds of students.Whether it was the fact most
we do not get many of the general public now and it was people pass through there or the delicious smells from the
alwaysthe aim of NORTHERN MILITAIRE to attract them. kitchen he would not say!
They gaveus extra revenueand hopefully becomeattractedto Make a note of ihe date Mr Good, NORTHERN MILI-
the hobby, which could only havebeengood in the long run {or TAIRE 2nd & 3rd NOVEMBER 1991,force yourself to come
th€ traders,andit is the traderswho mate the showpossibl€.It again and do make yourself kDown.
may interestMr Good to know that we arealwaysunfortunately F. Einchlifre
having to tum traders away, despite the move to the South of J. Leieh
many big figure fiaders, and the clientel-
No Mr Good, get all your factsright. Had you been a regular
attenderat NORTHERN MILITAIRE you would haveknown
there havebeenno Sundayqueuesfor the last few years.If you
arc so concemed,come and tell us just what are Wargamers'
cuneot needs- especiallyin the presenteconomicclimate.
NOWYOUSEETHEM- NOWYOUDONT
Hlddea Movenert and the Arnbssh la Wa4iames
by Ted Brown

TNTRODUCTION Good examples of this are to be found in the AshaDti

Many - if not most - rcaderswill know the s.ene in rhe 1960's campaignsin WestAfri€a; the American lndian counter-mov€s
featurefilm Zulu whereone soldi€r tums to anotherand says"I againstGeorgeCusterat Little Big Hom andvariousactionson
can't see a bloody one now!" He then gets the reply fiom the Norlh West Frontier of India and in the Sudan. ln fact I
anotherredcoat, "They've gon€ to ground." And indeedin the would go so far asto saythat in most colonial games,wherethe
film the Zulu warriors have taten cover in the bush. terrain allows, the 'native'forces shouldat leastb€ginthe game
Well, this article is about just such situations. It will have 'off table' and unseenby the 'European' commander.
particular referenc€to 'Colonial' wargames,both becausethose Of coursethis is aI very well if you havean umpire available,
arc the onesI find mostinterestingand alsobecause,in thh type but what if you are unable to find such a useful soul? In that
of wargam€,hidden movementand ambushesreally comeinto event I would suggestyou go for somelorm of marker rather
their own. However I hope wargamersin other periodswill also than placing the troops on the table. In this way ar least the
fiod much to set them thiDkins! opponent does not knos, the type or exact strength of the
opposingforces. To be really snealy one could €ven include
somedummy marke$ as rcd herrings.
TIIE STAIIDARD CLUB WARGAME As the two forces come nearer to contact the enemy
You arrive at the club arcund 7.00pm, have a chat to fiends, commandershould have a better and better chanceof at last
6nd an opponent, set-up two roughly points equal armies on making out what he is facing. Dicing to decidethis is asgood a
opposite baselines and - hey-presto- away we go . . . way asany. This sytemhasthe addedadvantageof forcing the
Yes, I know that is a little unfair on manyclubsandis in many commande$ of 'Eurcpean' forces to use a proper s),$temof
casesvery much an over sidplificatioD. But you get the point? pickets (infantry), vedettes(cavalry) and other scouts.Occa-
We have all talen part in wargamesof tftis t]?e andthey canbe sions can also adse when the 'European' forces make use of
very goodfun. What they cannotreally be is in anywayrealistic. hidden movement;such asI-ord Wolseley'snight march/dawn
In real battles, far more often than not, one side is attacking attack on the Egyptiansat Tel-el-Kebir.
andthe other trying to defend.Only mrely aretwo almostequal Even after initialy spotting their enemy 'European' forces
forcesfacingone another.Very rar€ly canthe two sidesseejust could stil lose sight of them again. During the Zulu War this
about all of each others forces (at l€ast after the Eighteenth happ€n€d t$'ice at the battle of Gingindloru. After being
Century). spott€d on the hils surounding the British laager, the Zulus
So, to introduce more realisminto our wargames*e needto went to gound h the bush and long grass,only to reappear
firsdy com€ up with b€tter and more likely scenarios,and 30G400ydsfrom the British troops. Later the volumeof dfle fire
s€condlyintroduce more hidd€n forces. from the black powder Martini-Henry rifles causedso much
To do thesethings we don't, necessarily,have to have more smokethat many units had to c€ase,or at leastslowtheir rate of
complexlules. After aI, the longer the list of rules the slower fire to allow the smoketo clear in order that th€ men could see
the gam€ and sometimesone 6nds oneself playing somethitrg their targets again! Of course after about 1890 smokeless
rath€r like a higher forn of chess.No v,/ewant $irple methods canridges made this far lessof a problem.
and rul€s.
AMBUSIIES
In the vrriteis experi€nceambushcadesare played-out on the
HIDDEN MOVEMENT wargamestable muchlessoften than they might be. This is true
Alexander, Caesar, Marlborough, Napoleon, Wellington, all even of colonial wargamesand the ambush, in one form or
hew that one of, if not rle most important factor in warfareis another, was very often the most basic tactic of many 'native'
surpnise.In the 'colonial' era commanderslike the Mahdi, forces. Ambushesof smaller or geater scalealso led to many
OsmanDigna,SittingBu[, Botha,de la Rey,Wolseley,Miles 'native'victories,
atrdRobeft alsoknew this fact. (And let usnot foryet that wily In this article the term ambushcan rneanan''thing ftom ihe
Swazi 'Zulu' Mbilini.) 'typical' ambushof a few menwaiting along an oveqrown bush
In wargames,hidden map movementhaslong beenused,All tlail for an isolatedpatrol, to Lord Methuen'sKimberley relief
one needsis three maps, a couple of chinagraphpencils, two force marchingup to de la Rey's cunninglyconcealedtrenches
clearplasticsheetsard oneumpire andawayyou go. This works at Modder River and Magersfontein.(Buller at Colensowasa
very we in a campaignsituation, but for somereasonis used specialcaseof crassstupidity.)
much lesscommoDlyon the wargamestable in a one-off game. While on th€ subject of the Anglo-Boer War it is perhaps
This maypefiaps b€ becauseoneofthe delightsofwargamingis worth rememberingthe remark of one British officer who,
the strong visual appealof our tiny armies. having taken pan in severalheary engagements,said he had
Be this asit may, if we are aiming at somekind of simulation oDlyse€nfoul Boers- "th.ee of lhem dead." ln fact about any
lhis systemrcally shouldbe morc widely usedduring the one-off Boer War game- esp€ciallyif, aswasmostcommon,the British
game.In the colonial situation very often 'native' forcesmade are attacking- most, if not all, the Boer commandosshouldbe
useof hiddedmovementduring battlesandnot just during their off table to begin wilh. In this way, iust asin real life, it wil be
difficult for the British comanderto know the exactstrensth of
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the Boer forc€ or indeed the actual positions it holds! One fu(her idea that could perhaps see morc use on our
Bo€r marksmenshould alsobe able to rDakelife hard for any wargamestableswould be someform of'variable length' move.
British scouts trying to gain information ahead of the main For exampleBritish inJantry might have a basicsove of 8crn,
advance.Couple this with the Boers' mobility and useof both then for eachunit or sub-utritone would thro* a D6. A scoreof
trenchesand natural cover and they should plesent a British 1 or 2 would reducethe move by 2cn; 3 or 4 would make no
commanderin a wargamewith just the kind of problems they changeto the basicmove; 5 or 6 would add 2cm to lhe move.
setrcal Victorian Gene€ls, The Boer War hasmuchto offer the Zulu warriors*ould havea rather higherbasicmove,but would
wargamer and perhaps as the centenary approaches this alsobe subjectto variations.To allow for the geater discipline
somewhat eglect€d'period' will gain popularity. of the British perhapsthey could be allowed to rcduce their
Of course much of the above can be applied to other moves,while the Zulus would have to move to the marimum
campaigns,for examplethe U.S.-ApacheWarsandsomeN.W. possible.ln this way wargam€scommand€rs- like real generals
Frcntier actions. In the Zulu War Mbilini brought off a - would not b€ totally suretheir troops will rcacheachobjective
successfulambushat Myer's Drift on the Intombi river. The
Induna Somophoalmost succeededin catchingCol. Peanon's
column strung-outcrossinga drift at Inyezaft, only th€ Natal
Native Contingent scoutsspdnghg the trap too soon for th€ CONCLUSION
waititrg Zulus - anotherargumentfor proper scouting.h some I very muchhope this article hasprovided at leastsomefood for
wayseventhe famousbattle of Isandlwanacanbe seenasa kbd thought. I don't claim anygeat originality atrdI'm sule readers
of'semiambush'. wil comeup with other, and very possiblybetter, ideasof their
To gamean ambushsituatioo is much easierif you have an own. One tip I wil venture: Keep it simple. Wargamesshould
umpire available,one just usesthe map again. But if you don't be enjoyable and rcalistic. Great impressive looking charts
haveanyonewilling or able to act as umpirc ambushescatrstill don't necessarilyhelp thesetwin aims,A good scenario,a spirit
be wargam€d.One method would be to set up a number of of friendlv comDetition- and a little hidden mov€ment- caD!
mark€n - or emups or nark€Is - so that the opposing
commanderdoesnot ktros,which marker or narkers reDres€nt
the real ambush.
Once agains$outs should have somechanceof spotting an POftaSe 70Harcourt
Street
anbush, dependingon the t}?e of terrain aDdhow clos€they
are. Of coNse the ambushparty may elect to let the scoutspass
q@ liiliill;ll"1ft.u,'o'u.
through, so asto 'bit' tbe main body. On the other hand some
over-eagerchap might fue too soon and spring the ambush 25mm FLINTAND FEATHER
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PARTIZANPRESS Invicfo '9'l

FIFTHE.C,WMILITARYCONFERENCE The Dukeof York's
RoyalMilitarySchool
Sundav17th March 10thMarch1991
Southend,fssex Tlaalers:
Subjects
willinclude: Drill;Essex's
Artillery Army; Malchlock,Caliver,Parlizan;
Flags;Siegepieces;Militarygarrisons; Bellofigures;
Thehorseas an engineol war; Wargames Southinc.BattleHomurc
I Hovelsetc;
Thewar in the Westcountry. S & M Books
Price,includinglunch:912.50 GamssWorkshop, EpicScale;
Furtherdelalls: Phone070273986 SouthS€aModels,eveMhingl
PaulHanison, buildirEs;
BartonMiniaturcs,lae6 scal€figures,
CLASSIFIED Westgate Games,Boardgam€s;
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ADVERTISEMENTS
Ads shouldbeaccompaniedby a cheqre Dade payable Clulrs& Gamas:
Loughlon Wib WestSkjmish;
to Sb'atagem Publiiations Ltd.. f8 l,overs' l"ane, SELWG Zspp€lin;
Newark, Notts. NG2/ 1IlZ. Rate 15pper word. Please OvertheTop;SpanishCivilWar;rre
add t5% V.A.T. Minimumcharse:f2.50. Reigate18x8ftWagram25mm
Walmer18x6ftSevenYearsWar25mm
FOR SALE HastingslrooWW2
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MILITA"RY MODELLING T979.19E7, BAttIE197-198. MiNi. GamesWorkshop SpaceMarineEpicScale
ature Wargames1-52. Irnmaculate. Otrers. Ian 08f-304 7987 Maidstone ScienceFiction15mm
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'AIRFDcr REI'ELL'/'ACCURATt' 162-112 Figues - Vehi- Warhammer, Warlordetc.
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SCmMATICA GAMES. Rules on disk for ATARI ST. Wa
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of the gameis pitting squadagainstsquad,involving character-
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aI periods and scales.S.A.E. for lists to: Moryan, 7 Montrose
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Street, Darlington, DLl lru.
campaigns,solo-wargamersandmakingNPC'Sdecisionswithin
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ment. Meets every Thunday and covers all aspects of Green.Widnes.CheshirewA8 8XT.
wargaming.For details tel: Harrogate 523186.
SELWG91. SouthEastLondonWargames Group openday
SOLOWARGAMERSASSOCIATION, Run by Wargamersfor SELWG 91. Sunday 20th October 1991, 10arn-5-30pn
Wargamels.For details contact Chris Constable, 11 Lancastr LewishamLeisure Centre, Lewisham,lrndon SE13 7EP.
Drive, Clayton-Le-Moors, Accrin6on, Lancs, BB5 5RD- SELWG are at L€wishamagain this year, with over 20
WARGAMFS ASSOCIATION OF SOTITH PEM. wargam€sdemonstrations, a paintingcompetitionof over 20
BROIGSIIIRE (W.A.S.P), are looking for new members,over classes, 30 of the hobbiesleadingtraders,plus, our famous
the ageof 14.we meet everyTuesday7pm at St. Johnschurch Bring and Buy. The Centreofferc a cafeteriaproviding cooked
Hall, Church St., PembrokeDock. All periods,aI scales, mealsat veryreasonable pricesplusan all daybar, plusa large
Fantasy,Boardgamesand RPGS.For further info ing Andrew free multi storey car park. For further details and information
James on Penbroke (06u{6)686261between 5pm and 7pm. pleasesenda LARGE SAE to PAUL GREENWOOD, 16
-\lso: Julian Avery on 0646 687486, Gareth Lewis on 0267 WestHallowes.Eltham,LondonSE94EX.

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 Fms@unv
THE AMERICAN CIvIL.WAR IN MINIATURE

FL. ar.! Fut -a uniqle apprcachb srudyingthe Amen

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bookis bnmming *ilh photog@phs anddiagEns.ti @nr.ins
nolonlyrulestorwaqaminqtheCivilWar,butatsohisbncal
backgrcundand scenaios tor retightinothe Batitg ol
Genysbulg,plus quidelineslor desiEninqorher banbs.
Theroisalsoa guidetopa'.xn9m nr.luresa^dconsrtucxng
a sle modelbanblield.ln sum.nEan l FUNhesavery.
lhinglo helpqet the newminialures ganer $aied.
Whie the rulesare easv to leam and oulckmovtnr
alrowiFg playe6lorelighla;ajo.batle inasilgle evenin;-
lheyar$ ofterrh6 histond accuEcyyootooktor in a Civil AVAILABLElN GFEATBRITAIN& IBELANDircm
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When replying to adverts please mention \yargames Illustrated.

When replying to adverts please rnention Wargames Illustrated.