Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur

9
7
LESSON TITLE:
EXPRESS PERMISSION,OBLIGATION AND PROHIBITION USING
MODALS

Name of Teacher –Writer: ROWENA M. PARO

School: TAGUDIN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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“In God, We Trust “

In everything that we do, always remember that God is always there to guide and
support us. With Him, we can do more and we can survive. Indeed, trusting God can help us
accomplish tasks and survive different challenges. Hence, you must maintain this kind of
faith as you go along with your studies.

This Self Learning Kit contains lesson on Modal Verbs and their basic uses. This
lesson will help you improve your grammar skills with the use of modal verbs for Permission,
Obligation, and Prohibition.

Before you answer the activities, you should read first the lesson indicated in this kit.
The activities will determine how well you understood the topic. Each activity will be
answered within 5-10 minutes.

Before you start with this module, here are few things you need to remember!

1. Trust God that you can do it!

2. Read comprehensively the lessons and answer all the given activities.
3. You may research thru Google, dictionaries and other learning materials that you
think may help you understand more.
4. Write your answers in your activity notebook.
5. Good luck on your studies and God bless!

Your Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) is to:

EN9G- Nc- 23: Express Permission, Obligation, and Prohibition

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:

1. identify the sentences expressing permission, obligation and
prohibition;
2. recognize Modals and their functions in sentences, dialogs and
articles; and
3. use modals correctly in constructing sentences.

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 The Corona Virus has affected all of us. As we stayed in
our homes, we were given more time to reflect and be
reconnected with God. We find comfort in God and in all the
worship and inspirational songs we hear around us.

Directions: Read or listen to the worship song, “God Can Do Anything “by The
Collingsworth Family.
GOD CAN DO ANYTHING

God can do anything with anything

He can heal any hurt, any suffering
Every cross, every care, every burden He
bare
For anyone, anywhere
God can do anything

He turns nothing into something

He’s the giver if life
He’s hope to the hopeless
And a sight to the blind
And He makes the blackest sin, white as
snow
That’s why we can say

God can do anything with anything

He can heal any hurt, any suffering
Every cross, every care, every burden he
bare
For anyone, anywhere
God can do anything

The fairest of ten thousand

My soon coming King
Jehovah, Messiah, the reason why I sing
He’s Alpha and Omega
The Beginning and the End
My Savior and Redeemer
He’s my closest friend

God can do anything

with anything
Source: Musixmatch
Songwriter: Mark Willett

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 It is a very inspiring song. Do you know what can God do according to the song? You
are right! God can do anything. He can heal your pain, your suffering and your burden. He
can give life and hope to everyone. The song actually tells us one thing, “God can make all
things- even the impossible.

The song that you have listened to tells what God can do.
Now, can you still remember the meaning of the word “can “?
Can is a modal which is used to indicate an ability. But do not
forget that “can” is not the only modal that we have in our
language. In this lesson, you will be learning more about modals
and their functions!

Let us have a review about modals. Read the definition below.

Modal Verbs are also called modal auxiliary verbs. These verbs are placed before
the main verbs to add meaning to the sentence expressing permission, obligation and
prohibition.
Some of the functions of Modals include:

1. Permission

A modal is used to express or ask a favor or something from a person. May and
Can are the modal verbs used to express permission.

a. May – is used in more formal situations and “may not ”is used to say that
someone is not allowed to do something.

Examples: May I connect you to the website for an interview?

You may not come to the office, just send your output thru email.

How do we construct a sentence using the modal, “may”? Here’s how!

Main Verb or
Subject
Base Form of Additional
Sentence (The subject can
May + + the Verb + information
Structure be a Noun or
(Present in the sentence
Pronoun)
Tense)
your name on
Example May + I + write +
the paper?

In this example, you have the sentence, “May I write your name on the paper?”. The
modal may is used to ask permission from the other person to write his or her name on
the paper.
b. Can- is used to indicate whether someone has permission to do something.

Examples: The girl is asking if she can have a pass slip for her travel.

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 Can I visit my relatives in Baguio ?

How do we construct a sentence using the modal, “can”? Here’s how!

Main Verb or Additional
Subject
Base Form of information
Sentence (The subject can
Can + + the Verb + in the sentence
Structure be a Noun or
(Present
Pronoun)
Tense)
Example Can + I + refer + my concern to
our head
teacher?

In this example, you have the sentence, “Can I refer my concern to our head
teacher?” The modal can is used to ask permission to the other person if he can refer his/
her concern to his/her head teacher.

2. Obligation

Modals are also used in expressing duty or strong moral obligation.

Must, should and have to are the modals used to express obligation or the things or
actions you are tasked to do or accomplish.
Use should for recommendation or simply for desirable goal.
 Use MUST if it is necessary to do.
 Use
a. Has/ HaveHAVE
to-isTO for for
used what somebody
what somebody in authority has said.
in authority has said.
 Take
Use note!
a singular or plural subject for MUST and HAVE TO. for Have.
Use a singular subject for Has and plural subject

Examples: They have to lessen also her work.

My teacher has to finish her report by 10:00 A.M.

How do we construct a sentence using the modal, “has to”? Here’s how!
Sentence (Subject)
Main verb or Additional
Structure Singular
+ has to + base form of + information
Noun/
the verb in the sentence
Pronoun
their house
Example She + has to + clean +
every morning.

In the sentence, “She has to clean their house every morning”, “she” is a singular
pronoun, and therefore, we use the modal, “has to”. The obligation “she” has to do is to
clean their house every morning.
How do we construct a sentence using the modal, “have to”? Here’s how!
Sentence (Subject)
Main verb or Additional
Structure Singular
+ have to + base form of + information
Noun/
the verb in the sentence
Pronoun
how to save
Example You + have to + know +
money.

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 In the sentence, “You have to know how to save money”, “you” is a plural pronoun,
and therefore, we use the modal, “have to”. The obligation “you” have to do is to know how
to save money.
b. Must- is also used in expressing duty or strong moral obligation. Must is used for
both singular and plural subjects
Examples: The students must be enrolled before the opening of classes.
I must pay our bills very soon.

How do we construct a sentence using the modal, “must”? Here’s how!

(Subject) Main verb or Additional
Sentence
Noun/ + must + base form of + information
Structure
Pronoun the verb in the sentence
The before the
Example student + must + enrol + opening of
s classes.

In the sentence, “The students must enrol before the opening of classes”, the
students have the obligation to enrol themselves before the opening of classes.
c. Should - is used to express a personal or moral obligation. Should is used for both
singular and plural subjects.
Examples: We should pray before we sleep at night.
Maria should follow her teacher.

How do we construct a sentence using the modal, “should”? Here’s how!

(Subject) Main verb or Additional
Sentence
Noun/ + should + base form of + information
Structure
Pronoun the verb in the sentence
after we wake
Example We + should + pray + up and before
we sleep.
In the sentence, “We should pray after we wake up and before we sleep”, we will find
out that it is our personal obligation to pray after we wake up and before we sleep.

3. Prohibition

It is used when you are not allowed to do something. Use must/ mustn’t for forbidden or
strong command. (It can be used also to make rule against something.

Example: You must not burn garbages and waste materials to avoid penalties.
You must not violate Republic Act 9003 to avoid penalty.

How do we construct a sentence using the modal, “must/must not”? Here’s how!
(Subject) Main verb or Additional
Sentence must/ must
Noun/ + + base form of + information
Structure not
Pronoun the verb in the sentence
people's
Example You + must not + abuse +
kindness.

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 In the sentence, “You must not abuse people’s kindness”, the subject “you” is
prohibited not to “abuse people’s kindness.”

In the discussion, you have learned about modals and their

functions.
At this point, you shall be reading passages or texts and
analyze how modals are used.

Reading Text 1
Therefore keep watch , because you do not know on what day your Lord will come.
But understand this: if the owner of the house had known at what time of night the thief
was coming, he would not have let his house be broken into. So you must be ready,
because the Son of Man will come at an hour when you do not expect him.
-Matthew 24: 42-44, New International Version

MULL OVER
The reading passage is taken from Matthew 24:42-44, from the New International
Version Bible. It tells us that we should always be ready for the coming of the Lord.
Now, let us observe how the Bible verses or passage used modals. The passage
contains the modals, “would not”in the statement “he would not have let his house be
broken”. The usage of the modal “would not”in the statement tells us that we do not
allow things to happen, like we do not want a thief to enter our house so we have to stay
guarded.
Moreover, the passage also used the modal, “must”in the statement , “So you must
be ready”, this is satisfying an obligation. It is our obligation to be always prepared for the
coming of Lord . As the verses tell us that the coming of the Lord is like a barging of a
“thief in the night”, this also tells us to keep ourselves ready all the time for we never
know the exact day that He will come for us.

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 The reading text shows our obligation as Christians. In this reading text, find out what
you have and what you don’t have to do to have a healthy body.

Reading Text 2
Being slim is not healthy. It is not the figure that will determine if you are healthy or not but
it is your diet. I have here some tips on how to become healthy.
 You must remember to eat 4-5 meals daily but most important is breakfast.
 You should eat light and nutritious foods.
 You should eat every day at the right time and eat different healthy foods.
 You don’t have to eat fruits and vegetables only, you also have to have a balanced
diet by eating the right foods.
 You must not skip meals.
 You should drink 8-10 glasses of water a day.
 Aside from foods, remember to have a daily exercise and healthy environment.

MULL OVER

The reading text above tells you about the tips on how to become healthy. If you
are going to observe the list of tips, the sentences the modals like should, don’t have to
and must are used.
What are the things that you should or your obligations based on the text? These
are remembering to eat 4-5 meals daily, eating light and nutritious foods, eating every
day at the right time and eat different healthy foods, drinking 8-10 glasses of water a day
and having daily exercise. The prohibited act that you should not do is skipping meals.

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 How well did you understand the lesson?
To find out whether you understood the content of this lesson, please
answer the given activities below. Copy and answer all the activities
in your activity notebook.

Activity 1
Directions: Identify whether the sentence expresses permission, obligation, or prohibition.
Write PER for Permission, OB for Obligation and PRO for Prohibition.

______ 1. Can I ask for a travel pass?

______ 2. I should bring my facemask and alcohol for my safety.
______ 3. You should remember the instructions given by your frontliners when
travelling.
______ 4. We have to wear facemask whenever we go out.
______ 5. The frontliners may check your identification before entering their place.
______ 6. Senior citizens may go out as long as their reasons are valid.
______ 7. You musn’t be posting fake news about our country.
______ 8. There must be action for the important request of the COVID 19 victims.
______ 9. The used fasemask , gloves and PPEs must be disposed properly.
______ 10. The teachers are asking if they can report physically to their schools to submit
their reports.

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Activity 2
Directions: Answer the comprehension questions given by referring and studying the poster
and infographics provided.Use modals in your sentences.

Comprehension Questions for Poster 1: Anti Burning Law

1. What is the poster or infographic all about?
2. Who should follow this law?
3. What is the punishment when you violate this law?
4. What must not be done or prohibited based on this poster?
5. Why is burning of leaves prohibited?

https:www.reddit.com>

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Comprehension Questions for Poster 2: Hand Washing Technique
1. What is the poster or infographic all about?
2. Is the poster showing prohibition, obligation, or permission? State one for prohibition,
oblgiation and permission.
3. What are the specific things that the poster want you to do?

Hand Washing Technique with Soap and Water

Wet hands with water Apply enough soap to Rub hands palm to
cover all hand surfaces palm

Rub back of each hand Rub palm to palm with Rub with back of fingers to
with palm of other hand fingers interfaced opposing palms with
with fingers interfaced fingers interfaced

Rub each thumb clasped in Rub tips of fingers in Rub each wrist with
opposite hand using a opposite palm in a opposite hand
rotational movement circular motion

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Use elbow to turn off tap (if Dry thoroughly with a
Rinse hands with water single-use towel
no elbow tap available use
paper towel to turn or tap
Hand washing should https://www.pinterest.ph(Article from
take 40-60 seconds twitter.com)

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Activity 3

Directions: Fill in the table given below. If you were a parent, what would be the things
would you permit your child to do? What are the rules they need to follow, such as their
obligation and the prohibited acts they should not do? List 3 on each. Express your answers
in complete sentences using the appropriate modals.

WHAT YOUR CHILD IS WHAT YOUR CHILD WHAT YOUR CHILD IS

ALLOWED TO DO SHOULD DO NOT ALLOWED TO DO
1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

Bear in mind that modals have different functions. Aside from

expressing ability and possibility, modals also express permission
(may,can), prohibition (must,must not), and obligation (have
to,must and should).

“Modal expresses permission, obligation and prohibition.

What do you think are your obligations as a teenager? What are
the prohibited acts that you as a teenager should not do? If you
are permitted to do something, what will that be?
Express your answers in complete sentences using the
appropriate modals. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

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GENERAL DIRECTIONS:
Copy and answer all the assessment in your activity notebook.

Assessment 1.
Directions: Complete the dialog by filling-in the blanks with the correct modals.
Student : Good morning maám! 1._____ ( Should,May) I ask what 2._____ ___
( have to, should ) I have for enrollment?
Teacher : You 3._____( may,should) have your latest report card and birth certificate.
I have here a form for you to fill-out ,but you 4._____(must, may) enroll thru
online .Now, what type of learning do you prefer this school year?
Student : 5._____ ( May,Must) I choose the modular maám because we don’t have
internet access at home.
Teacher : Yes you 6._____ (should, may ).
Student : _____ ( Can, Should ) I call my brother to help me with this?
Teacher : You 8. _____ ( should not, may not to ). Just ask me, I’ll just guide you.
Student : 9. _____ ( Can,Must ) I just leave this form maám? I’ll just go home to get
my birth certificate.
Teacher : You 10. _____ ( may not to, must not ).I’ll just take note here on your form,
just give it when we have our classes.
Student : Thank you very much maám.See you soon!
Teacher : You are welcome! Be home safe.
Student : Also with you ,ma’am. Thank you and goodbye!

Assessment 2
Directions: Read the poem “The Seven Ages of Man “ (from As You Like It) by William
Shakespeare and answer the questions that follow:

The Seven Ages of Man

All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players;
They have their exits and entrances,
And one man in his time plays many parts
5 His acts being seven ages. At first the infant,
Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms;
And then the whining school boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face , creeping like a snail
Unwilling to school. And then the lover,
8 Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad
Made to his mistress’ eyebrow. Then a soldier
Full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honor, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
15 Even in the cannon’s mouth. And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lined,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;
And so he plays his part. The sixth age shifts
20Into the lean and slipper’ d pantaloons,
With spectacles on nose and pouch on side:
His youthful hose well saved, a world too wide

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 For his shrunk shank; and his big manly voice,
Turning again toward childish treble, pipes
25 And whistles in his sound. Last scene of all,
That ends this strange eventful history,
Is second childishness and mere oblivion,
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.

1. What is the poem all about?

2. What is the first stage of a man’s life?
3. What are the seven stages of a man?
4. What stage of a man’s life that he enjoys prosperity?
5. How does life begin and end?
6. What are the obligations of man in each of the stage?
7. What are the prohibited acts of a school boy?
8. What are the actions which you should not do as a school boy or as a lover?
9. If you are a lover, would you give restrictions or prohibitions in your relationship?
What are the things would you allow your lover to do?
10. What do you think a man should play in his life?

Assessment 3.
Directions: Write an essay with the theme, “I am a Real Hero”. Use modals in your essay.
The essay must not be less than 300 words. Refer to the rubrics.

Guide Questions:
1. What is your motto in life?
2. How do you define heroism?
3. Can anyone be a hero? How?
4. What do you think is your mission on earth?
5. What makes a real hero? Do you know someone in real life?
6. How can you be a real hero in real life?
7. What should you do to inspire other people?
8. What do you think people must do in order to become a real life hero?
9. Who is your inspiration and why?
10. What have you accomplished that made you feel a hero?

Essay Rubric

Points 9-10 7-8 5-6 3-4

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Quality of Paragraphs Paragraphs Paragraphs Piece had
Writing were written were written had little style no style
in an in an Gives some Gives no
extraordinary interesting new new
style style information information
Very Somewhat but poorly and very
informative informative organized poorly
and well and organized
organized organized
Grammar, No spelling, Few spelling A number of Many
Usage and punctuation or and spelling spelling,
Mechanics grammatical punctuations punctuation punctuation
error errors, minor or and
grammatical grammatical grammatical
errors errors errors that it
interferes
with the
meaning

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Online Sources

2019. 30 to 50 pregnancies per year in PH are among ten-year-olds, Population Commission

says. Accessed: June 02, 2020
https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2019/8/29/teen-pregnancy-population-
commission-.html

n. d. MODAL VERBS OF OBLIGATION. Accessed: June 02, 2020

https://www.waltonpalmer.com/noticias-destacadas/modal-verbs-of-obligation/

n.d. Common English Words: Permission, Obligation, Prohibition. Accessed: June 02, 2020
https://www.espressoenglish.net/common-english-words-permission-obligation-
prohibition/

n. d. Mixed modals – 1. Accessed: June 02, 2020

https://agendaweb.org/verbs/modals-exercises.html

n.d. 5 example of modals in English. Accessed: June 02, 2020

https://brainly.ph/question/385606

n.d. What are modal verbs?. Accessed: June 02, 2020

https://www.quora.com/What-are-modal-verbs

n.d. Can vs. May: What’s the Difference? Accessed: June 02, 2020
https://writingexplained.org/can-vs-may-difference

n.d. Advanced English Grammar. Accessed: July 10, 2020

http://www.advanced-english-grammar.com/

n. d. Modal Verbs 1: Permission, Prohibition, Obligation, No obligation. Accessed: July

10, 2020
https://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/modal-verbs-1-permission-
prohibition-obligation-no-obligation

n.d.Reading Comprehension with Modal Worksheet Accessed: July 10, 2020

https://www.eslprintables.com/grammar_worksheets/modal_verbs/Reading_Comprehension
_with_mod_731634/

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ANSWER KEY
Exercises/ Activities
Activity 1
1.PER
2. OB
3.OB
4.OB
5.PER
6.PER
7.PRO
8.OB
9.PRO
10.PER
Activity 2 ( Answers may vary from the given possible answers.)
A.
1. The poster is all about the Anti- Burning Law
2. The citizens of the Phil. should follow this law.
3. You will be penalized by a fine of 300 pesos to 1,000 pesos or imprisonment of
1 to 15 days.
4.You must not burn leaves and waste materials.
B.
1. The poster is all about the technique on hand washing with the use of soap and
water.
2. Yes,
For Prohibition- You must wash your hands properly to avoid illnesses .
For Obligation- You should use soap in washing your hands.
For Permission- You may use towel or hand dryer to dry your hands after
washing.
3. The poster tells us the proper handwashing.
Activity 3 ( Answers may vary from the given possible answers.)
1. Permission – You may use your cellphone during your free time.
You may invite your friends to visit at home.
You may have a girlfriend or a boyfriend provided you let us
know her/him first.
2. Obligation – You must prioritize your studies.
You should do household chores.
You should always follow our advice.
3. Prohibition – You must not try any vices as smoking and drinking.
You must not answer your parents back when we scold you.
You must not lie.

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Assessment 1
1. May
2. Should
3. Should
4. May
5. May
6. May
7. Can
8. May not to
9. Can
10. May not to
Assessment 2
1. The poem is all about the seven stages of life.
2. The first stage of a man’s life is infancy.
3. The seven stages of a man’s life are
FIRST infant,
SECOND school boy or a girl
THIRD lover
FOURTH soldier
FIFTH justice
SIXTH poet
SEVENTH last moments of a persons life
4. The justice stage
5. Begins at infancy and ends at old age
6. FIRST: the infant who is taken care by the nurse crying in her hands,
SECOND:the school boy or a girl who don't want to go to the school
                 and is creeping like a snail,
THIRD:the lover who singing for his miss to show her his love in front of   her,
FOURTH: the soldier who is full of strength and pride and want to save his
bubble reputation and want to do honor to his country,
FIFTH: the justice with his fair emotions to do a good judgement for all
SIXTH:the poet who is having spectacles on his nose and a pen in his hand a
person who wanted to know this wide world,
SEVENTH:the last moments of a persons life when he/she starts being a
                   child and his last and eventfull history first he/she losses strength,
then teeth, eyes , taste and everything.
7. The school boy must go to school.
8. As a school boy , he should study or go to school.
As a lover he should focus on his studies.
9. Should know where to stand
Should know what is right from wrong
10. A man should be responsible

Assessment 3: Refer to the rubrics for the grading of the assessment.

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